Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений

f naaa

XIII.

tulpousollnl4uoHnote

pa1otot

gTBHH

C

TeMnepaTypHbtMr,r

ycJIOBIZflIvIPI'

B

KOTOpbIX

npoH3BOAHTCfl

HaKileilra

lr3oJrflttHH

H

B KOTOpbrx

BnoCJIeACTBHII

6yaer

3KcnJIyaTHpOBaTbCt

coopylKe-

HHe.

I{eM

Bbr[re

3Tii

TeMrrepaTypbI'

Tei\{

BblIIIe

AOJI>KHa

6urn

TeMnepaTypa

p

u''

".u.

Hhn

6I4TyM

a

B o

I,I3

6

e}K

a H

He

onoJl

3

aH

vfl'

L|3o

lIfl|\,|v|.

'

T"rnepaTypa

pa3Mflrr{^eH,fl

Bflxy'ero,

np'MeHfleMofo

AJI'

MacTI4KH'

AoJr)KHa

6urs

";

{o:rb"

c

uottue

MaKcHMaJrbHo

Bo3Mo}KHoIl

reMneparypbl

H3oaupyeMofi

noBepxHocru

"nla

o*pytnutorqeA

:!-:Aot'

Ho

He

HH>Ke

40'C'

[.na

noAoupoBoAH

o-xasanueaU'ouHilx

coopyxeuafi,

crpoflUIHXcfl

v

3K-

cnJlyaTHpyeMbrx

rrpH

reMnepaType

He

BbIIUs

20-25'

C,

npnlreHsloT

MaCTH-

Ky,

np uroroe.rrn"ruy-Io

I{3

6Iliyu

a

-

rnr

apxu

I I

I'

K

uecry

oKJrefrKH

paaoiperafi

MacrHKa

rpaHcllopr'pyercfl

B

yre[JIeII'

HOfi

rape,

a

npH

*unori

o6terraax

pa6or

-

B

BeApax

cneuza,nluoft

KoH-

;;pd;;;l

luruitrny

BbIrIHBaIor

Ha

ql{crylo,

poBHyIo

H cyxyrc

rloBepxHocrb'

pu'a'p.u""BaroT

uO

scefi

IuHpI{He

IOJIO.bI

pyJIOHa

u

(nOxa

oHa

eule

He OCTbI-

Jra)

Ha

Hee

cpa3y

)Ke

pacKaTbIBaIOT

pyJIOH'

XOrOpnttl

IIJIOTHO

npHX(I'IMaI'OT

no

scefi

no""p*"bcrr

6ee

npottycKoe-

H

6es

cKonJIeHI'Ifl

Bo3Ayxa

B orAeJIb-

HbIX

MecTax-

flpu

uanolKeHHr{

Ka)KAO|O

HOBO|O

pyJIOHa

I{3OIqUHH

ero

xpait

AoJI}KeH

yKJraAbrBarbcfl

Ha

npeAblAyultlft

c

saxile'cio1r

l0

cu,

a npu

HaJIolKeHI4H

Ka>K-

Aofo

HoBoro

cJIofl

IuBbI

AoJllKHbI

cMeulaTbcfl

Ha

tlz

ITIHpHHbI

pyJIoHa'

^-'-V.tpoftcteo

oKJleeqHofi

r'Apoll3otlflul'u

Ha

KoHcrpyKIII{flx

c ocrpblMH

yUraMH

He

AorrycKaeTcrr.

ftpnmnib

I4 ocTpble

yfJlbl Me>KAy

cMe)I(HbIMH

no-

BepxHOcTflMI,I

HsoJIllpyeMblx

KoHCTpyKUI{fi

AoJI)KHbI

6nttl

npHTyIIJIeHbI

HJIH

3aKpyrJIeHbI.

'iloan"

yKJIaAKH

Bcex

cJIoeB

u3o,'IflIII'IH

ee

rloB-epxHoc-Tb

noKpblBalor

gnJIOIUHrIM

cJIoeM

ropflrleft

MacTHKH

T9JIUIHHOfi

l-1,5

l4Jvt'

pl1T

cJIofi

Mac-

TkrKI4

Ha3bIBaIoT

oTAe;oqHbIM.

Ha

uero

HaHOcfiT

cJIOft

UeMSHTHOTO

paqTBopa

roJrrrlr.rHofi,2-2,i

il

1rr^*Ka)

HILI

ero

npeAoxpaHflrcr

3au{IzrHofi

py6ailrKofl

B BHAe

KfipflI'IqHofi

unn 6eroHuofi

creHK?I'

llocle

Haaoxegufl

oK.rleeqHofr

r.r3ofl

fll\uv

H crfl>l(KH

ona.ny6ouHble'

ap-

MaTypHbIe

14 6eTOHHbIe

pa6OTbI

BbInOJIHgtOT

JIHIUb

nOCJIe

TOIO,

KaK

cTtXKa

cxBarHJlacb

I'I oKpeflna.

ss6.vcTPoncrBoXECTKOHtHAPOH3OJIfltl'I',IH

XectragrHApoI{3o[]fljuk|f'IIpeAcTaBageTco6oftn.norultficJIofiueMeHT-

HOft

UrryKaTypKH,

nanoc"nnoft

lu

HapyxHylo

HnH

BHyTpeHHIOIO

noBepxHocrb

H3oJII4pyeMoro

coopy)KeHufl.

llpu

crponTeJlbcrBe

KoJIJIeKTopoB'

pe3epBya-

poB

H

MHorrx

apyilix

coopy>KeHuil

xecTKyrc

rHApoH3oJIflIIIaIo

HaKJIaAbIBaIor

Ha

o6e

floBepxgocrlr

MexaHH3HpoBaHHbrM

cnoco6_oM

(cnoco6

TopKperHpo-

;;";;i.

-cnoioo

ropKperupoBaHl.n

onl{caH

""

S

i6

Hasecesue

xebrxoft

qeuenrno-fiecqaHofi

rHApoH3olrflirrvr

Aoflycxaercq

TOJTbKO

Ha

noBepxHocTu

X(ecTKI'Ix

KoHcTpyKUuft,

ue

noABepraloulHxct

BH6-

paqHLI

BO

BpeMfl

sKCnJIyaraI\HLt.

'

K

pasix^V

xecriofi

THApoLI3oJIflUHH

crleAyer

orHecr,

14

MeTaJIJII{qe-

nrr^T^D

-nnrrrrzqnir 9.-4 na H 6o.neg.

noMelUae-

cKylo

ooAgJlKy

lts

Ll ar'lDrrDr.f|'

drrrvrvu

rvvr,+rr'vr'

-

MyIo

no

Hapy)KIIoNIy

I{JIH

BHyrpeHHeMy

KoHrypy

coopy)KeHus'

Ilucrbl

coe-

AHHflroT

MexAy

cofiofi-

Ha

Cnapxe,

o6paaya

HaAelKHyIo

rI'IApolI3oJIflUHI'o'

Metunn"uecKylo

THApoH3oJIflULIto

npI'IMeHflIor

npH

6olrurux

HarpyaKax'

AefrcTByIOUIHr

Ha

H3oJrsuHoHHbIfi

cJIOft,

HJIII

fipu

BbIcoKHX

TeMnepaTypax'

Oiaenrsbre

Jrgcrbr

MeraJrJrr4rrecKoft

vsoJrfli\vrkr

ycraHaBflI'lBalor

BoKpyr

3aulHu{aeMofo

coopyxeHHfl

Ha

paccTosHHu

1,5-2

ctvt or

noPell{]locrH

creH,

SaTeMcBapHBaIoT,a3a3opMexAyJIHcTaMHH3aUInUIaeMoHnoBepxHocTblo

n

o

crl e

c

B a

p

K

H

:: Y X:f

*:*."au3*

"

p

:'

:??l

?T

;

"

l'"',ii'f

"

ff

#:T

.

"n"X'#;

$

36.

Ucrpoilcreo

trcecrrcoii

eudpous<tnn4uu

239

250-300

un.

0)

t0,0U

p,,c.

lT2.

Xecrxas

fr.tApor.r3oJrflur.rfl

roHHeJ'Ieii

ctallttltlllt

JII4craMH

a-6esnepe,u.aqHnanpnxenuf,orHarpy3KElracreHblH-a-T-HADoH3oJrflqsp:6-cfiepeAa'

qeftqacrHHarpy3KHHacreHbluacriissstenHcrblrHApot{s6'lqunH:1-c6opnaannrra

,,"pe*p",,,";

,"j";;;d;;";%*ij{:T"'.X3;J"io"ff&,!1,t"'i.1if

HBa}orc'

K crarb'blM

'uc'

flo

npoexry,

pa3pa6oraHHOMy

JIenrunporffxMaIIIeM'

npeAycMaTpl{Ba-

Jracb

Asofrtuas

Jrpmarypa

cTeH,

rnnporasoJlflI{Hff

H3HyTpH

H3

CTaJIbHblx

JIl4c-

to"

"oiuruuofi

4

*r'(p"..

L72,

a).-JleuuHrpa4cxufi

HH>KeHep'o-crpo'rerlb-

11nfi

uscrllryT

npeAJIox(LIJI

orKa3aTbcfl

or

BHyrpeuueft

pa6oqeft

apMarypbl

CTeH,

IaCnOnrgOnas

BMeCTO

Hee

Hegyr11yrc

cnOCO6uOCtl

CTaJIbHOfO

JII'ICTa

rr,rApoldso

ltflr\uH

(p^lg

172,6)

.

_

Re e r4r{crr4rvroM

Jleurun-

'

Pa6o.rtt

nl4cvl,

BbrnoJrHeHHbIe

B

coApyx(ecTBe

c

I4HCTHTyTOM

poTfl)KMa*

"

rpa"ro*

J\b

35

fnansallcTpofl,

cBIaAeTeJIbCTByroT

o6

gxoHoluH-

qecxOft

IIeJIecOO6pa3HocTH

npHMeHeHHfl

cTaJIbHOft

rI'IApOlI3oJrflIlxvr

c

HC-

rroJrb3oBaHl{eM

ee

B

KaqecrBe

pa6oueft

apMaTypbl

LJlfl

xe'negodeToHublx

rosueneft,

a

TaKx(e

H

Apyrux

coopy>Kesnft

npl{

oTcyTcTBIlH

BosAeilcTBllfl

Ha

aTy

fuApou3oJIfUI4lO

arpeccHBHbIX

ra3oB

HJIz4

>Kn1xOcteft

u

npH

co6'nrc'4e-

.,H

I-rH Hop

M

aJI

bH

blx

ycn

oe

n

fi sKcIIay

ar

a\HLr'

np,

cTpoI.{TeAbcTBe

MeTpOIIOJIUTeHa

B

KaqeCTBe

X(ec'TKOlt

ru4pOll3oJlfl-

rIHH

ycneTrrHo

HcnoJlb3yroT

a-c6ecroqeMeHTHbIe

rHApoI{3OJIflUI{OHHbIe

3OHTbl'

yCTaHaBJII,IBaeMble

B

cBOAax,

a

I'IHOrAa

H

IIO nepHMeTpy

CTSH'

BoAa'

npgga-

qHBaIOUIaflCq

qepe3

Hecyuylo

KoHcTpyKr\HIo

ToHHeJ-Ifi'

IIaAaeT

Iia

3oiiT'

cTe=

KACT

C

HE|O

H OTBOAI4TCfl

BO

BHYTPCHHHI? APCHAX'

AC6CCTOIICMCHTHbIC

'3OH-

Tbr

He

noABepfaloTcf

Koppo3HH

H flBJIflIOTCff

BOAOHeflpOHI4IIaeMbIMH'

3ac.rlyxraBaloT

BHUTWaHHf

IIpHMeHfleMbIe

y

Hac

I'{

3a

py6e)KoM

(nan-pr'l-

"*.p,

"

Tlie)

BoAoHenpoHr4rlaeMble

KaMeHHbIe

MarepHaJIlI

u 6eto'rt.

Ka-

MeHHbIe

MaTepHaJIbI,

6y4yulr

[pOIIHTaHbI.ropnquM

6I'ItyruOl't

rtJIvI

neKOM'

cTaHoBfiTcfl

BoAoHeIIpoHHuaeN,IbIMH

LI

cTofiKHMI,I

npoTHB'

afpeccl4BHblx

BoA.

TO xre

caMOe

nOnyuabrcfi

H c

6erosolt

npH

BBeAeHI'IH

B

6etOHttyto

cMecb

He-

,*oropo,*

ao6ae;;

irnrunouaqra,

cy.ntQraiHo-cnuproeofi

6ap,u,lr

I'I

Ap')'

J185

6@.tB

t8

2+O

I-,taaa

XllL

ludpouso,xnquoHnorc

pa6orot

KaAex<Haq

v

AorroBeqHarr

rnApor4soilnl.lfl

-

o6luqoBxa

I{apy>xnoll'

noBepxHocru

QyHAaMeHToB

KHpnurroM,

nponuraHHbtI\{

npeABapareJlbHo

6n-

TyMoM. OyH,u,anaeHTHbre

KpylHbre

6noxpt

Mofyr

H3roroBJlfiTbcfl

c npHIvIeHe-'

4^-^----^-o, ^,^"'^Jt' 4 flLrrLla nn(ootzrz

Hrdel\l ue't'uHHUtl

cMcun.

IJK",lru9druLqEn

\-rrcu,norrunprv

AvvqpnIr.

s

87.

THApOH3OJIflUHfl

HA

OCHOBE

CHHTETHqECKHX

MATEPHAJIOB

Xuuuqecxas

[poMbuxJreHHocrb

nupa6aruBaer

pasHoo6pa3Hble

noKpa-

COIIHbIC,

MACTHqHbIC,

JILICTOBbIC

H

PYJIOHHbIC

MATCPHANbI,.

HAJIO)KCHHC

KOTO-

pblxHanoBepxHocTbpa3IHtIHbIxKoHcTpyKIIuH[peAoxpaHfleToTAocTVna

K

HHr!{

BJrarH,

npoHr4KaHHq

cKBo3b

Hx

TOJIUIy

BOAbI

IIJIH

ApyrHX

}Kl'IAKOCrefi.

SrgHo.nesbre

KpacKH

Moryr 6uirr

HctIoJIb3oBaHbI

B

KaqecrBe rpyHToBKw

HJrH

caruocrorreabiofi

o6nrasoqHor?

H3oJIflITHH

c

3auruToli

ee xaxuu-.nu6o

rroKpoBoM

or

udxaHurlecKHx

noBpex(AeHHI?.

3ru

xpacKH

HaHocflT

Ha

gauluulaeMyro

noBepxHocrb

KHcTtIMH

HJIH Me-

xaHH3HpoBaHHbtr\f14

pacrbrJrHTeJrflMH.

I-Iepe4 oxpacxofi

noBepxttocrb

AoJIx-

ua

6urt

orrHuleHa.

He

c.ne.u.yer

Kpacr{Tb

npl

poce,

Aox(Ae

uilv Ha cI{JtbHoM'

COJIHUCTIEKC.

,u,na

.uyuuero

cqenreHHr

HaHocHruoro

cJIofl

c

[peAbIAyuIHI\{

HyiKHG

rcax<Ar,rfi

flocJleAy1gutllfi

cnoli

HaHocHTb

TofAa,

KorAa

npeAbIAyIIU{H

AaeT

He-

6onlruofi

orJrun-

Ec.na

x{e

KpacKr.I

HaHocqrcfl

Ha

oxpenurufi cnoIl,

To

efo"

floBepxHocrb

HaAo

o6pa6orarb

KaKnlvt-nu6o

a6pasueolt,

uro6bl npugarn

eft,

IxepoxoBaTocTb.

!,.rrn

ru.u,pon3oJrflrlun

Moryr

npHMeHflTbcfl

TaKxe

3[oKcl,IAHbIe oKpacoq-

Hbre ruarepHaJrbt.

fuapoprsoJrflur.roHHoe

noKpbITHe

I-I3 anoKcnAHoli

cuo.nu sa-'

nocgTcfl

B

TpH c.rrofl

(noAroronurenrurtfi,

ocHoBHori

u

noxpnrnHofi).

Cuaqa-

ra

Ha

oquuleHHyro

H

[oAcyrxeHHyro

rloBepxHocTb

HaHocffT

noAfoToBHTeIb-

urtrl c.nofi,

xoropufi

coxHer

ABoe

cyroK,

3arelu

HaHocflT

ocHonilofi c.noii;

lr Tox(e

cyruar

ABoe

cyroK,

a 3areM

yx(e

HaHocflT

n_oKpbleHoll cnofi, nocJle'

qero

noKpbrrne

BbrAepx{uBaror

20

cyrox.

flpu o6urefi

ron[tl{He raKoro

tro-

Kpbrrgq

0,2-0,3

Jtutt,

HaHeceHHoro

Ha

cropoHy,

nporHBoIIoJIox<Hylo Hanopy

BOAbr, OHO

CnOCO6HO

eHAep)KI',lBaTb

AaBJIeHHe

AO

5

Ar.

fa4ponsonsrlHro

ycrpaHBaror

raKx(e

u3 noJIprBLlHLtJrxJtopI,IAHbIx

JIHCToB;

noJrl{gruJleHoBbtx

JIeHT

}I

T.

A.

Ho

euHunJlacroBb.Ie

JII'Icrbt

o6Htruo

xpyrlKlr

H Hx

nepeA

uaxneftroft

npuxoAurcn

nolpyxarb

B

pacrBopHTeJIH

(aqerou.,

erHJraqerar

Ir

Ap.).

MexAy

co6ofi

orAeJrbHbre

Jrucrbr

coeAuHtlor

cnoco6oM

cBapKH, a K sa-

uttru.taeuoft

r(orrcrpyKrluu

KpenflT

pasilHtIHbIMH cnoco6aMI{,

yKagbIBaeMblM}rl

B npoeKTe,

B coorBercrBr.tH

c

ycJIoBuannn

pa6orut

co6creeHHo sauHulaeMofi-

xoucrpyruutr

r{

3aurHTiroro

c,'rot.

3ro

N{o}Ker

6ttrt

npHKJIeHBaHHe

cne-

uHaJIbHbIMH

MacTuKaMI4,

BtiHTOBbIe

KpenJIeHHfl

H

T.

I.

Mgrxue

rroJruarnJreHoBbte

noJrorr{Hula

obotquo

npIIKJIeHBaIor K

[oBepx-

HOCTH

3autpllqaevOfi

xosCTpyKIlnH

cnel{HaJIbHbIIt{

I(JIeeM.

s

88.

nPoBEPI(A

KAqECTBA

I-HAPOI43OJIflUHOHHbIX

PA6OT

O6MaeoqHaq

HsoJIfrILtfl

AoJIx(Ha

noKpblBarb

BcIo

H3oJIl{pyeMylo

no-

tsepxHocrb

iifioriibiivi

i.i

paBfioMepHbIr,I

croett.

Ecnu

npH oct{orpe

oSlrasou-

Hofi

usorfl;1l1ty

6y4yr

o6Hapyx{eHbr

B

r1060r,t

cJloe

B3AyrHfl,

orc.ryalIBaHHt,.

TpeilIt{Hbl,

IIy3bIpH,

paKoBLlHbI LIJtvt

KaKHe-JIH6O

I'tHlte

AeQeKTbl,

TO B

STHx

MECTAX

H3OJIflU[Tfl

AOJI>KHA

6UTN

PACqHUCHA

AO

HC3AUHUICHHOft

NOBCPX-

HOCTH

I,I HAJIO>KEHA

3AHOBO'

B

n.nacruqHoft

lI3o.IIruHH

TaKlKe

HeAonycrHMbI

rpeulr{HbI

14

ApyrHe

AeQeKru.

Bce

4eQextHule

lvlecra

JICHbI, TUIATCflbHO

OqHtIlEHbI

TI

3AACJIAHbI

3AHOBO

pHaJroM.

paKoBHIIbI,

nyCTOTbt,

AoJrxHbr

6rrrl eupy6-

H3O",lIfiI{I{OHHbIM

r\{aTe-

$

90. Oduaue ceedeuun

o

Kpolne

B

ox.neequofi

Hsonr.\HH npoBepflIor nJrorHocrb npHJreraHHr

r4goJrflr\Hu

K ttso.nHpyevrofi KoHcrpyKI{HH,

a raKx(e KaxAoro

H3oJrsrlHoHHofo

cJrofl

K

CIUeX(HOl*ly. orCnOeHHe H BO3AyrUHbIe MetuKlr

rr{exAy

CJIOflMA

He

AOnyCKa-

r---- -^l----- z--

ioTcfi.

i HApoasor-rfiiiHfi,

riMeioiuafi

TaKfie

AeQeKTbr,

AoJrxHa

obrTb cHqTa

u 3aMeHeHa

HoBori.

flpu

npueMxe ruApou3oflqr{noHHbrx

pa6or

AoJrxHbI

6uttr

npeA'brBJreHbr

aKTbI

npoMexyro.rnori

[pHeMr(H

pa6or

H

AaHHbre

o

pesyJrbrarax

.na6opa-

TopHbIx

HcnbrraHnrl

npuueneHHbrx MarepuaJroB.

B

cnyuae npocaquB

aHhfl

BoAbr B r.r3oJlHpoBaHHoe noMeu{eHne HJrr{ coo-

pyx(eHae

Ao

nprdeMKrz

AoJrxHrr

6nrrr

rrpnHflTbr

Mepbr

lJrfr

HeMeAJreHHoro

flcnpaBJrenras

leQeKTHbrx

Mecr

ruApousoJrrlrulz. Ec.nu noBpelKAeHHe rrrApo-

TisOJIfUHH

NPOI,ISOIXJIO OT HCPABHOMCPHOfi

OCAAI<PT KOHCTPYKIIHH,

TO CC

CJIC.

JIyeT

HCilpaBJrflTb

nOCJre nOJTHOTO npeKpaueHHfl

ocaAKH.

s

89.

TEXHHKA BE3OnACHOCTH

npH

IPOH3BO,ICTBE

TH.IIPOH3OJI'UHOH

H bIX

PAEOT

Bce

pa6or{He,

3aHrrbre rIa ilpHroroBJreHur.r MacrHKr.r ra

ycrpolicrBe

rHA-

porr3oJrfluvrLt,

Ao

Har{aJra

pa6or

AoJr}KHbr

6trrt cneuHaJrbHo

npouHcrpyr{rti-

poBaHbI

rro

cJreAyrculr{M

BorrpocaM

:

a)

cnoco6aM

3arpy3xu

MarepI{aJIoB

B

KorJrbr;

6) cnoco6aM BapKLr MacrHKH HJrH nJlacrH,{uofi

Maccbr;

a)

onacHocrr,I

nonaAaHVs BoAbI B KorJIbI Bo BpeMtr BapKH

ruacruKu

HJu.r

ttJIacruqHofi

vaccu:

r)

cnoco6au

pa3rpygKu

KorJIoB, nepeHocKn

H HaJrox(eHr-rfl

ropnueft

Macrr.rKu

HJIH nJlacruquotl

Maccbr

ri r.

,4.

Pa6ovue,

3aHflTbre Ha npuroroBJreHr.rH, noAHocKe H

yKJIaAKe

MacrHKH

HflH

nJracruqsoli

Maccbr,

AoJrxHbr

6urrr

oAerbr

B Ko>KaHyrc

o6ynu,

6peseHro-

Bbre

KyprKH

H

6prcxr.r

HaBbInycK, a

raKxe

HMerb

6peseHronbre pyKaBar{br.

Kax,uuIfi

pa6ouufi,

eaustorfi Ha

arHx

pa6orax,

AoJrx{eH

3Harb,

rrro

ox(o-

rH, rloJlyqeHHbre

or

pa3ofperofi

uacturfi

HIH

n.iIacruuHofi

Maccbl,

oqeHb

TflxeJIbIe

I{ noroMy ece rpe6oBaHllfl

no rexHHKe

6egonacHocru, ycraHoBJreH-

HHe

.[Jrff

grux

BHAon

pa6or,

AoJrxHbr

co6.nrc,[atncq

oco6eHHo

crporo.

f J-IABA XIV

KPOBEJIbHbIE

PAEOTbI

s

90.'

oErqr{E

cBEAEfitlfr O

KPOBJTE

Kpon"nn

AoJlxHa

yAoBJrerBopflTb

rpe6osaHuqr{

BoAoHenpoHuqaeruocrn,

Mopo3oycrofiqnnocrH,

orHecrofixocrn

H

AoJrroBeqHocrn,

a

raKxe

3KoHoMrrq-

Hocra

KaK

npu

ycrpoficrne,

TaK

r,r

npn ee axcnJryarar{Hn.

I-lpn

crpoHTeJIbcrBe ocHoBHbIx

BoAonpoBoAHo-KaHaJrH3ar{HoHHbrx

coo-

pyxeHnfi

(eoAoHanopHblx

6auteH,

HacocHbIX

cran(ufi

H

Ap.)

KpoBJrH

ycrpau-

aaloT Hs

ac6ecrolleMeHTHblx BoJIHHcTbIx JITICToB

H MflfKHX pyJroHHbtx

l\raTe-

pnarroB (py6epou4a,

ro.nR).

D

L'

L\rnPcrvrEtlnulu

uPulubrulJrrHtruM

n rPalKAaHcKOM

cTpoIlTgJIbcTBg

qac-

ro

npeAnoqreHue

orAaercr

ycrportcrny

KpoBeJrr

ns

ac6ecroqeMeHrHbrx rvta-

TepHaJroB.

Kponnn

qepenHrrHbre,

ApeBecHbre

u

Ap.

B BoAo[poBoAHo-KaHaJrr.r3aurj-

oHHOM

CTpOHTenbCTBe

npHMeHfrOTCfl peAKO.

To.ttxo

c,'IauqeBble H

qepenuqHble

KpoBJIH,

Ir3foroBJleHHbre

r.r3

MecrHbr-x

MarepHaJIoB,

Mofyr KoHlrypnpoBarb

c KpoBJrflMH

H3

ac6ecroueMeHTHbrx

Ma-

TepHaJIOB

nO

pasMepaM

[epBoHarlaJlbHbrx

3aTpaT

H

3r(C[nyaTaqHoHHbrM

pacxoAar{.

I-lpnr HcnoJIb3oB

aHHLr )Ke npHBoeuoft

uepenuubr

Hr'iH

cJraHueBbrx

241

242

f

ttaoa

XIV.

KPoaeJlbHbLe

Pa6orot

nJrHToK

TpaHcnoprHbre

pacxoAbr,

ycHJIeHHe

crponl'IJl

I4 o6peuerKkr'

a raKx(e

3HaqHTeJrbHafl

TpyAoeMKocTb

npH

yKJIaAKe

rIepenHIIbI

yBe.IIHqHBaIOT

CTOH-

Mocrb

[oKpbrrr{ri

H

fipegMyulecrBo

ocraercr

3a

ac6ecroqeMeHTHbIMH

Kpo-

BeJTbHbIMH

MaTepH

aJIaMH.

Orna.rascr

orHecrofiKocrblo,

ac6ecroUeMeHTHbIe

KpoBeJIbHble

Mare-

pr.raJrbr

He

Tpedyror

cJrolKHoro

yxoLa u oKpacKI{

B TeqeHHe

Bcero

BpeMeHH

b.nyx6u,

prccgcgfleMoro

MHort4MH

AectTKaMH

JIeT,

H

B

To )Ke

BpeMfi

oHH

sB-

JIflrOTcfl

HaH6OJree AeIIreBbtMr.r

rd3AeIHqMH,

H3|OTOBJIfeMbIMH

HHAycTpl{aJIb-

HbrM c[oco60tr,t.

s

9r.

vcTPoHcTBO

KPOBJTH

H3

BOJIHHCTbIX

ACEECTOUEMEHTHbIX

JI HCTOB

Ac6ecroqeMeHTHbre

KpoBJrH

AeJraroT

Pr3

BOJIHHCTbIX

JIHCTOB

CTaHAapTHO-

ro

pa3Mepa.

flpra

ycrporlcrae

KpoBeJrb

[poMblurJleHHblx

sl..aHvir

qacro

ltc-

no.'tsv1gr

ac6ecroqeMeHTHbre

6onnruepaSMepHble

BoJIHI4crbIe

JIHcrbI

ycH-

reHHoio

npoQn;ra

u cnequaJrbHbre

ac6ecroqeMeHTHble

yre[JIeHHbIe rtJIHTbI-

3AaHUs

BoAOrrpoBoAHo-KaHaJru3a\AoHHOTO

Ha3HarIeHHfl

qalqe

Bcero

noKpbl-

Baror

ac6ecroueMeHTHbrruH

BoJrHHcrbrMr.I

JILIcTaMH

o6HxHosenHoro

npoQu.nn.

Bolsncrtre

ac6ecroqeMeHTHbie

JrHcrbI

o6stxHoseHHoro

npoQu.nn

yKna-

AbrBaroT

ua

o6peurerKy

LI3

AepeBqHHslx

6pycxoB

ceqeHueu

50X50

ntu H

Ao-

coK

cerreHneru

50

Xl20

nta

Alrzsoli,

xpatuotl

paccroflHHlo

Me)KAy ocqMH

crponHJI.

,4,o

ycrpoficrea o6peurerxu

onpeAeJlslor

qHcJIo

ropl.IsoHTaJIbHbIx

pflAoB

aucroB

Ha

cKare

no

QoPtrtYnau:

a)

Arq

Kpbrul c

HeopraHHsoBaHHbIM

BoAocroKoM

altvr

c

noABecHbIMH

xe.no6auu

t/-

6)

ans

KpbIIx

c HacreHHblMH

)KeJlo6auu

1J:

L-a-fb

1200

-

H

rA€

L-

r,nusa

cKara

no

yKJroHy

or

BepxHet?

rpauu

KoHbKoBofi

Aocxtl

Huxuefi

rpaHH KapHu3Holl

Aocxtl;

/-

Be.nnqnHa

KapHH3Horo

cBeca,

npI4HI'IMaeuafl'

r'Jtfl'

Kpbllu c

HlIgoBaHHbIM

BoAocroKoM

or

50

lo

100

fiIJtt H

"q,flq

Kpbllu

c

HbIMH

x<e'no6auu or

30

lo

50

ntu;

H

-

senuquHa

npoAo.ntuoit

HaxJIecrKH

JIHcroB,

IIpl'IHHMaeMafl

go

200

.tvtu;

a

-

paccTofHue

oT

HHlKHefi

Xponrxu

xapultsttofi

AocKI{

Ao

nepxueli,

anyueft

BAoJIb

cKara;

KpoMKa

KaprI'tH

H3

oul'lHKoeaHHoli

craJII{,

npHHHMaeMaff

or 500

no

700 *tu;

b

-

senuqHHa

HaxJIecTKH

HIt)KHero

PfAA

JIHCTOB HA

KAPTI,IHbI

HACTCH-

Horo

x<eJlo6a, npuHuMaeMar

or

150

lo

200

ntn.

t{nc.no

N

o6ur,rHo

or(pyrJrflercfl

Ao

6.nzxat?uero

ueJloro

qficfla

Bapbu-

poBaHHeM

npuHrrbrx

npn nepBoM

noAcr{ere

BeJIHT{HH

npoAoltsot?

Haxnecr-

KH

JTHCTOB

H

KapHI{3HOfO CBeCa.

flocne

ycraHoBJreHHq

qucJra

ropr.rsoHTaJlbHblx

pfiAoB

flponsBoArr

pa3-

MerKy

ocefi

o6peruerxH

c raKHM

pacqeroM, 9To6bI

-{Potrl_x_n

JIHcroB

HaKJIaAbI-

BaJrHCb OAHa

Ha

Apyfyro

HaA

AocKaMH

ceqeHHeM

50x120

ufut,

a

nocepeAHHe

MexAy HHMH

pa3Meurarot

6pycxu

ceqeHueu 50X50

nu

(puc.

I73).

llpa

pa3MerKe

cHaqaJla

npn6.nnxaercfl

K

crponHnaM

KoHbKoBafl

Aoc-

Kd,

a 3areM or

ee

nepxHeft rpaHn orKJlatrblBaercr

Ha

paccroflHrr

1200-

L+t

1200-H'

(24|

(25)

AO

Heopra-

noABec-

or

120

$91-UcrpodcreoKpoenuusBor'tHucroffiac6ecroqeileHrHbucrtucrog

243

H12

nu ocb

IIepBoIl

unpoxoft

o6perueTrt,

a

3aTeM

Ha

TaKoM

X(e

pacgTgfl-

rr'rr

pa3Meqarorcf

H oc'

noi.treAyrorUux

IUHpoKHx

o6peuetox

(cpt'

i;il

l?aj.

flo.rroxeuue

oceft

npoMe)KyroqHblx

6pycxoorlx

o6peueroK

pa3-

MeqaIOT

taK,

ulo6bl

OHI]

AeJIHJIII

nOnOJIaM

paCCTOtiHI{e

Me>KAy

OCfiMH

IIIHpO-

xux

o6perueroK.

KoHrIur

o6peruerxH

yKrraAblBalor

Ha crponHrla

H Kpenflr

_f:9:"Al*".

Ac6ecroqeMeHrHbre

BOJIHHCTbIe

JILICTbI

Kpenflr

K

AepeBffHugfi

O6peurer-

Ke

fBo3AflMH

C

aHTHKoppOglloHsofi

rungnxofi-

HJIH

llIypyIIaMH.-flOA

TOJIOBKy

fBosAR

r4Jtr4

ruypyna

noarclaAblBaloT

urafi6y

H3 OIII4HKOSaHUOft

CTaJIH'

TOJIfl

Pr.rc.

173.

Pas6unxa

o6peruerKn

rIoA

BoJIHHcrbIe

JIIICTbI

t

-

vDaBHHTenbHafl

nJIanKa;

2

-

xapausalfi 'u'ocKa;

i

-'"[A;ilG;ii"inu"

;rucr*;

4,

5

-

6pvcxu

o6pemetxn

ieqengen

50X50

r'r

50X120

ilrti

6-

crponxJlbgafl

Hora;

7

-

KOHbKOBAS IOCI(a

vtJrlr

py6epon4a.

MexAy

roJIoBKofi

rnosAq

finil

uypyra

14

usair6otr

yKJIa-

AbTBaIOT

3aMasKy,

xOrOiOr?

nJIOTHo

3aAeJIbIBaFoT

oTBepcTHe

B

ac6ecroUe-

MCHTHOM

JIHCTE.

r{ro6rr

yKpenr,rrb

BoJrnucrbre

Jrurcrbl

Ha

cBece

y

KapHH3a,

craBffT

cxo6rt

H3

OItI4HKOsaHuofi

cTaJIH,

KOTOpbIe

npu6usarcT

AByMf

rBo3AflMI-t

K

HH>KHeft

AOCKe

O6peurerxw

u

garu6aloT

Ha

cBec

IIepBOTO

yKJIaAbIBaeMOTO

psAa

BOJI-

HI,ICTbIX

JII{CTOB.

Kouex

KpoBJrr,l

vs

BoJTHHCTbTX

JTHCTOB

nepel(pblBaFoT

CIIeIIHaJIbHbIMH

ac6ecroqeMeHrHblMg

KoHbKotsbIMIl

ura6.noHaun

(puc.

174,a

vr

6)-

Ecnu

Ta'

KHe rrra6JIOHbI

OTCyTcTByIoT,

KoHeK

M6x<HO

HaKpblTb OqHHK6Bausoli

cTaJIbIo

(puc.

174,

a).

\r

Pe6pa *pO"n"

HaKpbIBaIoT

TaK

)Ke,

KaK

I'I KoHbKH.

Pagxelo6xtl

o6Ae-

JrbrBaror

KpoBeJrbuoft

orIHHKoBaHHoft

crarblo,

Koropafl

AoJI)KHa

noAxoAHTb

noA

ac6ecioqenaeurHbre

Jrr.rcrbr

He

MeHee

qeM

Ha

12 ca.

flprauntxaHHe

KpoB-

JrH

ug

BOJIHI{cTbIX

JIHCToB

K

AbIMoBofi

rpy6e

ycTpaHBaIoT

npn

noMoulu

Bo-

porHHKa

I{3

oIrI{HKoeaHuofi

craJIH.

'

llpu 6onrrunx

o6leuax

pa6or tto

ycrpofictny

Kp9BJIH

H3

BoJIHHcTbIx

ac6ectbUeMeHTHblx

JIHST6B

eecr

Qpour

pa6Otrt

pas6nealoT Ha OTAeJIbHbIe

3axBarKH.

Tpeyrontuufi

cKar

Topuoeofi

cropoiibi

rpex-

ii

"ierbipexcKarHblx

;,;*,

.rrroOo;r

tpey.o.tronnfi

cxai

urarponofi'

xputu-u

HJIH

npoAo.nlHltfi

cxar

nio6oir

Kpbl1urt

ne6o.trluroro

npoTflKeHl1s

(lo

5-7

n)

BbIAeJIfiIorcfl

B

or-

AeJrbgbre

saxBarKu.

flpononruufi

cKar

6onuuoro

nporfl)KeHutt

14

nprMo'

yroauHofi

Qopuu

(s

blHo-

H

ABycKarHbIx

xpuurax)

pa36uBaercn

Ha

or-

AeJrbHbre

3axBarKH

cneqftaJrbuoft

Sopnrbl,

orpaHHqeHHbIe

c 6oxos

cry[eHqa'

rbrMr.r

JTHHHflMtI

(psc.

I75).

Cuaqa.na

o[-peAeflffnT

IIepByn

3axBarxy

-

nepeufi

yqacroK

cKaTa

Ha-

r{HHar

or

Qponr6Ha

(npn

oluo-

IIJIH

ABycKarHofi

xpuure)

uIrH or

upxtrlofi

fnaea

XIV.

Kpoee.4bHue

pa6orot

rwHfin, npoBeAeHucir?

r.rs

KoHrIa

KoHbKa neprreHAHKyJrflpHo

CBeCy

KpOBnH

(npu

qerblpexcxaruoti

Kpbrrrre).

Anr.rua

nepnor?

saxshrxn

npHHHMaercg

B B_epxHeM

pflAy

(y

xonlxa)

ns

pacrlera

Bo3Molr(Hocru

noxpbrrrrr

AByMfi

acoecToUeMe[iTHbiMii

r-iHCTaMH,

BO

BTOpOM

pflAy

-

TpeMrr

JTHCTaMH,

B

TpeTb_

eM

-

qeTbrpbMf

u raK

Ao

r(oHqa

cKara, T. e. B

KaxAoM

CJreAyrouIeM

pfAy

(or

xoxlKa

K

cnecy)

AJIHHa

3axBarKH

yBerHr{HBaercff

Ha

tuHpHHy

oAHor.o

y'm0epcmue

JononHFencn

ueqeH

mHo

-

u

t I

ec

m rodorn

,oocn0opon

lten

A

Oponu 0o0empo0o,e

crola

?)

Ysen

6

ltert

A

Pvtc.

174.

iloxpurue

KollbKoB rr cBecoB

KpoBnH

a,

5

-

noKpbrrne

KoHbKa

ac6ecroqeueHTHbtMH ua6loxarau

(o6urufi

BH!

!r

pa3pe3);

d

-

noKpbrrHe

KoHbKa rpoaentuofi

cranbro;

e

-

cBec

KpoBJrlr

ilHcra (cu.

pl'lc.

175).

Bcs

ocraJrbHar

qacrb

cKara

(sa

nepeorl

saxnarxoli)

pa36uBaerct

Ha

paBHble

3axBarKr.r raKorl x{e

AJrr.rHbr

(r.

e. Ha raKoe

x(e Ko-

JlllqecrBo JIHcroB B

KaxAoM

prAy),

KaK Lr

Ha cBece

KpoBJrH

B

nepBori 3a-

xEa't'Kc.

IIpu pacuere

rIHcJIa

pfl,u,oe

noKpbrrHfl

H

KoJrr{qecrBa JrHcroB

B

pflAy

(no

uJlrpnHe

H

AJIHHe

3axBarKH)

Heo6xoAHMo

yqHTbrBaTb

HaxJrecTKy

JrHcroB,

B

O6OIrx

HanpaBJleHfiflx

(SAofin

H

rroneper{

cKara).

Hanprarrlep,

npH

AJrr.rHe

ac6ecroueMenTuoro Jrucra,

paBHorl

1,2 ilt, H rxHpHHe

3axBarKH (r.

e.

AJTHHe

cKaTa) 6,45

n s 3axBarKe

noryrraercq

urecrb ropH3oHTaJrbHbrx pffAoB

no-

Kpblrl4fl. flp, taxofi

AJIHHe

3axBarKH Tpe6yercfl

ceMb .rrucroB

KpoBJrh

(c yueroru

HaxJIecrKH

KalKAoro

JII4cra B ropngoHTaJrbHoM

Hanpan"rreHlr).

MeHruraq

nJlouraAb

H HHor? BHA

nepBoft 3axBarKH

no

cpaBHeHHrc

c

tro-

Kont(odttti

utodttoa

Septnnn

?FaHb

cmponu/l

Kpa

6

etto

ton

Septnnn zpaflt cmlo/tuo

lrcn

6

$

92. Ucrpodcrao

pgttoHHbtx

Kpoaelb

cJreAyrour{MH

Heo6xoAHMbr

rroToMy,

qTo

Ha

cKarax

6ornuoro

npoTfl}KeHHfl

nepBafl

3axBaTKa

qBrffercf

ocHoBHoii,

pa36HBoqHofi,

a raKMe

HaH6oJree

cJroxHori

H

rpyAoeM r(ofi .

l]ocne

pag6HBKH

cKaroB Kpbrrxu

Ha

saxBarKn

KaxAyro

H3

Htrx

ga6Jra-

foBpeMeHrro

noAfoToBJrrroT

x

pa6ore

noAco6Hble

pa6oqHe,

KoTopbre

AocraB-

flqror

Ha

r{epAaK

noA o6peuleTKy

noKpbrBaeMoft'

SaxBaTKr{ JrHcrbr

3aAaHHbrx

pa3ilrepoB

H B TaKoM

KorHqecTBe,

KoTopoe

Heo6xoAHMo

Ha oAHy 3aXBaTKy

c 3anacoM l0-150/0.

3ru

x(e noAco6uue

pa6oque

ycraHaBJrHBaroT

no

yKa-

245

2'n

sdxSamxq

3-a

Eax0amxu

l'a saxSamxa

2-n

aax1amxs

Pnc.

175. Cxeua

pas6xoxn

Ha

saxBarKr{

npsMoyroJrbHoro

cKara KpoBln

(uecra pasMerrlenHs

ganacoB

nucroB

nepe-

KperqeHbr nyHKrHpHbrMll

gnarouaaxua)

3aHHrO

KpOBeJrbr.UHKa

Ha

CTyneHqaTbrx rpaHHuax Ka>KAoft

3axBaTKH

qepe3

oA?tH

ropu3oHTaJrbHbrr? pflA

noKpbrraq

(r.

e. Bo BTopoM,

qerBeproM

lr

T.

A.

pqAy)

no

ABe

cneqpraJrbrrbre

AepeBflHHbIe

noAcraBKu.

floc.ne

eroro Bce

Ao-

craBJIeHHbIe

JIHCTbI

nOAaIOT

qepe3

O6peUrerXy

HaBepx

I,I

yr(JraAbrBaror

Ha

I{ax(Ayrc

napy noAcraBor( npH6JrH3HTeJrbHO

nopOBHy.

Bonuncrrtuu

JIucraMa

o6blqHo noKpblBaror

Kpyrbre

Kpbrrxtr

(c yKJro-

HoM

Ao

70"). IloeroMy

Bo BpeMr

pa6or

ueJlecoo6pa3Ho

npr.rrvrennrb npoc-

TeIiuHe

nepeABI-IxHbIe ropzgor{TaJlbrrbre

ynopbr,

Koropbre

sHaquTeJrbno

1o6-

JrerqaroT pa6oTy

rr

nepeABHlKeHHe

KpoBeJrbr.r.tr.rKoB

no

cKaTy.

3ru

ynopbl

JIerKo

H3roroBLITb

I,rg o6bltrHbrx

AocoK

HerrocpeAcrBeHHo Ha

crpoHTeJrbHofi

nJrotuaAKe. I,Ix

npuxpenJrffror

x

o6peuerKe

AByMr

flpor{HbrMH

BepeBKaMH

E[rUHOfi

5-6

n.

s

92.

ycTPoHCTBO

pyJIOHHbtx

KpOBEJIb

Py.nouHue

KpoBnH (us py6epour,a,

ronq)

HacrHJraror

no cnJrorxHoMy

AepeBtHHoMy

HacTHily,

a TaKlr(e no

6eToHHoMy,

qeMeHTHOMy

trJrH aCq)arb-

roBoMy

ocHoBaHHro.

LepennHHble

ocHoBaHHfl npnMeHslor

rIpH

ycrpoficrBe

KpoBeJrb He6oJrb-

IIIHX

3!..aHr4it, CKJIaAoB

H capaeB.

Onu

npeAcTaBJrflroT

co6ofi

cnnoluHoir

AByxcJIofiHbIIl

H.[n

oAHocnofiHbrft HacrHJt

us

AocoK.

I-{eueHrnue

u acQarb-

roBbre

ocHoBaHHrr

npHMeHflror

npH

ycrpoficrBe

pynoHHbrx

KpoBeJrb

no

yno-

x(eHHoMy

TenJIoI{3OJIflI{HOHHOMy

CJIOIO B BHAe

CTflXeK

U3

COOTBeTCTByTOIqeTO

pacrBopa.

AcQanlroB_yro

crflxKy

yKJraAbrBaror

B3aMeH

rreMeHTHOfi

npH

pa-

6orax

oceHblo H 3r{Mofi.

2p

246

f

aaea

XIV.

Kpoae,4bHble

pa6orot

OcHoeauufl

IIoA

pyJroHHbte

KpoB,rrH

AoJIx(Hbr

6urr rJraAKHIvrH,

6eg Bbr-

6onu u 6yrpon,

rrncrbrMu

H

cyxHMH.

Bce Mecra

neperu6oB

-

KoHbKH,

cBe-

cbl,

yfJIbI

14 T.

II.

-

AoJrxIIrt

6url

gaKpyr,'IeHbl

Aafl

rlJraBHoro

rrepexoAa

py-

JToHHOFO

KOBpa.

I{enleurHbre

ocuoB alarlfl

AoJIxHbI

6ntrr orpyHToBaHbr

xoJroAHorl

rpyH-

rosroli

BcJreA

3a

yKnaArofi

pacrBopa

Ao

ero

cxBarbrBaHufl,

AepeBrHHbre

oc-

HoBaHHfl

IIr[aKJrIorcTcfl ropffqefi

rrracrnxofi

.

tlo

cmtad

Pac. 176.

Vctasosxa

AJrfl

[paforoBJreHlrfl xo.toAsoft

6nryrvrHofi

r\racrnKH

/-nsrareau;2-sresarop:3-cyrrlHn(a:

I-6aK-I.:er3arop

conrpoBoro

MacJta:

f-aosarop

aq6ecra; 6

-

cnecnreauraa ycrauosxa;

7

-

anrory4pouarod: 8

-

qacoc

c

gJreKTpoABr{Farerreer

H eMKocrb

A.trt

coJltpo-Boro

Macna;

9

-

rpy6a

aJrs

noAaqu

contpoBoro

MacJra

a

6ax-4oearop;

I0

-

rpy6a

4aa

g6poca

Hg 6axa-Aogaropa B

eMKocrb

H3JrHrrrKoB conspoBoro

MacJla

Py6epou[Hbri

KoBep

npuKJrenBaror

rrpu noMourrd

cneuuaJrbHoro

cocra-

Ba, npI4roTOB.IIteMoro

H3

cMecl{

6ntynaon

pa3Hblx

MapoK;

[ponopr{Hro

cMecH

ycraHaBJrr'rBalor

crpoHTeJrbHbre

ra6oparopur.

D\ilfl.

rrpHKJreHB

aHLrfl, pyJrOH-

HbIx MaTeplIaJIOB, H3foTOBJIeHHbIx

Ha 6HTyMHort

ocHoBe, Hy)KHo

npHMeHflTb

cocTaBbI

MaCTHKH, TaKX(e

npHfoToBJreHHbre

H3 6nTyMa, a

,.iln

IIplrKiretrBa-

rrlrq

n\trrnlrrrKIY Mrrantf I [nD rtrcFnr^D rouuLrv s4 nonraoni] n ^rr^n^

rrrq.vrrrqorvut

flrl

vlvDrrvrrrrur^

rrq

Avl

rwDvrl

vvn(JDt,

-

At;r.

rg_

BbIE

MACTHKH.

flpuueHeune

pynoHHbIX

MarepnaJroB

tt

r\racrnK,

rr3roroBJreHHbrx

Ha

pa3HopoAHbIx

ocHoBax,

He

AonycKaeTcfl.

M-acrnxy

AocraB"rrsror Ha

crpoaTeJrbHyro

nJrou{aAKy

flH6o

B roroBoM

BHAe

(B

sroM cryrlae

ee

roJrbKo pasorpeBaror

nepeA pa6oroft),

rH6o ilpn-

roToBJrflroT

Ha MecTe

pa6oT

B

CrIeUHaJrbHbrx Kor.[ax.

flepe4

HaKnerlKofi

noBepxHocrb

py,rroHHbrx

MarepHaJroB

or{Hu{aor

or

fps3H

H 3aBOACKOfi

nOCUnXU.

$

92. Ycrpodcrao

py,toHHbtx

KpoaeJxb

Ha

puc.

176

noxasaHa

ycraHoBxa

AJIfl

npuroroBJleHnfl

xo,'roAHorl

Macrn-

KH. TaKHe

ycraHoBKH

r'rcnoJlb3ylor

Ha KpynHblx

crpoiiKax

c 6onrruurrl o6r-

eMoM

KpoBeJrbHbrx

pa60r.

Ha

pnc. 177 u 178 npuae4eHbr cxeMbl opraHH3aqLIH Da6or

6pura4 nprl

ycrpoficrBe

pyJloHHort

KpoBJIH.

llpru

6onnruux o6'beMax

pa6or

HaKrrefiKy

Puc. 177. Cxeua

opraHx3alina

pa6orlt

npr.r

ycrpoftcrBe

pynoHuofi xPouu

/

-

saxBatxa

tro orpynroBKe

ocHoBaHHt;

II

-ro

xe,

no

naxaefixe

pyJlouHoro

KoBpa;

III

-to

)Ke, no

ycrpoficray

6ponHpyloulero

cJros: I

-

cK,j[a(

pynoHHhtx

MarepHanoB;

2

-

Mecro npHroroBJreHH.q

MaqrgKH;

3

-

rpau

Psc. 178. Cxeua opraHu3arrnu

pa6ornr

npn ycrpor?crBe

KpoB-

JrH

Ha

xoloAuoft

MacrHKe

a-npy. HaJIolKeHuH MacrHKH npn

noMoulH

rpe6xa; 6-ro xe, npu

noMorrlH

pacnHJlHTeJIs;

s

-

ycraHoBKa

AJIg

MexanuqecKofi

noAasg

rrra-

crnxu; /-MeraJr.lgqecxnfi rpe6ox;

2-6a,aox

c xoloAHofi trlacrgxorl;

3- xarox-pacKarqHK;

4

-pacnbrJrHTe.ls;

5-

JrroK

AJrfl

3aJrHBa

MacrHKH;

6-6acox;

7-urHeK;

8-uuraHr

Anr

fioAaqu MacrHKH;9-nlaur

A,'ra

noAaqg cxarofo

Bo3Ayxa

247

248

fttaaa

XIV.

Kpoae,TbHbrc

pa6orot

pynoHHblx

MaTepHaJroB

MofyT BbrnoJrHflTb noTorrHbrM

MeTOAOM

OAHOBpeMeH-

Ho HecKoJIbKo

3BeHbeB

pa6o_q^Hx,

Hcllonb3yg

IIpH

STot\{

BMecro

KarKoB-pac-

KarqH_KoB

yKflaAr{HK

(pHc.

179), KoHcrpyr(rrHq

Koropofo

pa3pa6oraHa

rpec-

ln^r M nnnnrnonnft

r

vrrl

I

rvvvHr

wt

Pvtr.

I-Ieqea

noAaqer?

pyJroHoB

Ha

Kpbuuy Hx

cKarhrBaror

Ha

rpyryro cropo-

Hy,

rITO6bI

eUIe ryque BbrnpqMHTb

ocTaBrxHecff

cKJraAKH.

Pac.

179.

VxaaAqux py.nounoft

KpoBnH

1

-

Hacoc

c sneKrpo.qBurareJeM;

2

-py6uaurux;

J

-

6ax

AJrf,

MacrHKH:

4

-flpHKarorrHhrft

BangK;

5-

pynoH

KpoBeJIb-

Horo rtrarepHana;

6

-pacKnaAoqHat

paMKa;

Z-clragoqnufi

noroK:

8

-

tn

aHr

Anq

noAaqrr

MacrHKH

pa3rJra)r{HBafl

H

cJreAff

3a TeM,

r{To6br

pyJroH

He

cABHHynCrr

c

MecTa.

flocne

3aKpeIIneHHff

KoHIra

cMa3brBaror noBepxHocrb

ocnoBaHrff

.

no

Apyryrc

cTopOHy

KoHbKa,

nepeABLlrafcb

nocTeneHHo

K HI{3y.

flpa pacr(arbr-

BAHVLT

pynoHa

UIOTHO

npH)Kr.rMaroT

efo K

ocHoBaHfiio u

pa3fJraxuBaroT

er.o

oT cepeAHHbI K KpaflM,

cJIeAfl

BCe

BpeMff 3a TeM,

qTo6bt

pyJrOH

rueJr

TorrHo

no

i{aMeqeHHOfi IIeflH.

flpa

uaxnMe

Ha

pyJrOH

BbrAaBJrHBarOT

Hs-no,U,

nOJroT-

Ha JrHrrrHroro MacrHKy,

KOTOparr

HAer Bce BpeMfl

BoJrHor?

BnepeAH pynoHa.

Koneq

pynoua

y

cBeca

KpoBJrr.r

HaKJreHBaror

crreAyrourr.rM

bopaebi,r.

Or-

BOparIHBaq Kolreq pyJIoHa

KBepxy,

npoMa3brBaroT

noBepxHocTb

ocHoBaHHs

H OrBepHyTyro

noBepxHOCTb

pyJrOHa.

3areru KoHeu

pyJroHa

HaKJraAbrBapr

Ha

ocHoBaHI'Ie

H

pa3rna)KHBaIoT.

HrExul.rft

Kpafr

pyJIoHa

[pH6HBaroT

K

r{ap-

HHSy rBo3AflMlt, 3a6HBaeMbIMLI

qepe3

AepeBflHHyrc

HrrH

crafibHyro

noJrocKy,

r\rrruP<r'1

rrPEAv^Pcrnxsr

PyJruH

u'r'

PaSPbrBots

B

MecTax ilpHoHBKH

rBo3AflMH.

Pa6ortr

tto

ycrporicrBy

pyJroHHbrx

KpoBeJrb

AonycKarorcrr

npH

TeM[e-

parype

Hapyxuoro Bo3Ayxa

He HHx(e

-20"

C.

Bo

BpeMfl

cHeronaAa,

roJro-

neAHrlbr

H TyMaHa 3TH pa6oTbr

He npoHsBoAflTcff.

Pynouuaff KpoBJIff

B

gHMHHx

ycJIoBHflx

AoJrxHa

BbrnoJrHsrbcff

B

9AHE

9-.tofi

I't3

ABycropoHHero

py6epouAa

c MenKofi unuepa..nsuofi

nocbrrKofi.

C

HacrynJIeHHeM Te[JIoro

nepHoAa

KpoBns

ocMarpuBaercff

r{

npg

Heo6xo-

AHMOCTI'I

peMOHTHpyerCq,

nocJre

qero

HaKJreHBarcTcs

ocTaJrbHbre

cJroH py-

noHHoro

KoBpa.

$

95.

OutrgKolgpula,Hue

sdauui

u coopgmeuui

3anpeuqaercfl

HaHeceHI4e rpyHToBoK

H

MacrHK,

a

rax>Ke

Har{JrerlKa

py-

.IIOHHbIX

MaTepHaAOB Ha IIOBepXHOCTH,

HMeIOUIHe

OTpHrIaTeJrbHyro

TeM[epa-

Typy

I{JIH

He orluilIeHHble

oT

HlH.efl,

cHera

H JIbAa.

lloeepxuocrt

ocHOBaHHs,

a TaKX{e

pyJroHHbre

MarepHaJrbr flepeA

ux

HaKJreltxor?

Aoa]KHbr

6urn

noAcy_

IrIeHbr

H

noAorperbr

Ao

rroJrox(HTe.unsofi

TeMneparypbr.

s

93. npoBEpKA

KAqECTBA

KPOBEJIbHbtx

pA6oT

Kauecreo

KpoBeJIbHbIx pa6or

flpoBepflror

KaK

B rrpouecce

Hx

BbrnoJrHe-

HI4g

IIO

CTaAHSM

npOH3BOACrna pa6OT,

TaK

ri rrocJre

oKoHr{aHHff.

flpu

npoeepKe

Kar{ecrBa

pa6or

no

craAHflM

KoHTpoJrupyror

rrpaBHJrb-

Hocrb

rloAroroBKn

o6peruerrr

u

pas6uexu

noA

ac6ecrorleMeHTHbre

nor(pbr-

Tvtfl,

HJIH

rlpaBHJIbHocrb

rroAroroBKr.r

ocHoeaHHfi

rroA

pyJroHHbre

KpoBJrH,

yKJIaAI{H

npoMe}KyToqHbIx

cJIoeB

pyJIoHHoIi

KpoBnH

nepeA

Ha.ilo)KeHqervr

Kax(Aofo

nocJreAyrcrqefo

cJrof H T.

A.

flpueuxa

saxoHqeHHltx

KpoBeJIb

AoJrlKHa

coilpoBo>KAarbcfl

TuareJrb-

HbrM

ocMorpolr

r4x noBepxHocrH,

oco6eHHo

y

BopoHoK,

B

eHAOBaX

H B rrec-

Tax

npHlIbrKaHrfl,

K

Bblcryrlarcil{HM

r{acrr}r

sgauwh,

a BbrrIoJIHfleMbIe

KoH-

cTpyKTHBHble

SJIeMeHTbI

KpOB/Ir.r

H IIpHXreHfleMble

MaTepHaJrbr

AoJr]KHbr

yAoBJlerBoptrb

rpe6oBal{HflM

rlpoeKTa

H TexHHriecKHX

yc,nonufi

ua

npog3-

BOACTBO

14 npr4eMKy

r(poBeJrbHbrx

pa60T.

Bo,qoue_npoHuuaeMocrb

KDoBJIu ueo6xoArrivro

npoBepflTb

"rrro6o

rryrel{ r4c-

KyccrBeHHolt

sanHeKH

ee soAor?,

nw6o Bo

BpeMq

AoxAff.

s

94. TEXHHKA

BE3OnACHOCTH

rrpfi

[poH3BoAcTBE

KPOBEJIbHbIX

PA6OT

flpa

pa6ore

Ha

Kpbrlrax

c

yKJroHoM

3anpeu{aercr

cKJraAbrBarb

r\{are-

pHa.,TbI

Ha

o6peuerxe

6es

npeABapr4reJrbHoro

3aKperureHtfl

Hx npornB

cKa-

TbrBaHHfl

LrJrU

CLyBaHr4fl

BeTpOM.

flpu pa6ore

Ha

KpbIIIIe

C

yr(JroHoM

6O.nee

tlq,

a

TaKlKe

H npH

MeHbureNr

YKJIOHC,

CCJIH

I]OBCPXHOCTb

KPbIIIIH

MOKPAf

y,JIH

OHA

flOKPbITA

JIbAOM

(r.iUC.

eM,

cHefola), pa6oune

.4oJIlI(HbI

HMerb

ilpeAoxpaHHTeJrbHbre

rroflca

c

BepeB-

KaMlr^

H

npI,IBflsbIBarbcfl

x xaxorl.fira6o

npouuoft

qacru

Kpbrrrrfi.

llpn

pa6ore

Ha

Kparc

KpbIlxH

noJIb3oBaHHe

npeAoxpaHHTeJrbHbrM

noflcoM

c eepeexor?

o6qsarenbHo

He3aBLIcHMo

or BefiHrruHbr

yKJroHa

Kpbrrrr[

H

ee

cocroqHrtq.

llepe4

HaqaroM

pa6or

ece

pa6oraFoulue

Ha

BapKe,

pa3orpeBe

H

HaJro-

x(eHHH

MaCTldKLt

AOJIIKHbI

CMaSbIBaTb

pyKr.r

H

Jrprqo

Ba3eJrHHoM

HJrW

C[e-

quanruoti

fiactofi,

a rro

oKoHTIaHHH

pa6or

BbrMbrrb pyKH

H .rrur{o

relrJlort Bo-

AOI1

C MbIJIoM.

Pa6ouue,

3aHflTbIe

Ha

BapKe

MacrLIK

H

npr,rroroBJreHurr

xoJroAHbrx

rrac-

TI'IK

H TpyHTOBOI{,

AOJI}KHbI

HMeTb

OAe>KAy,

il"rroTHo

3acTefr4Barou{yrccq

Bo-

Kpyf

rueH,

Kucreft

pyK

H

crynueli

uor.

trtlcno"ns3yeMble

AJII

noA'beMa

MarepuaJroB

cTaJrbHble

rpocbr

AoJrx(Hbr

lIMerb

naruxparuufi

3anac flpoqHocrH,

a

rreHbKoBbre

KaHarbr

-

BocbMH-

xparuurl.

i.[ABA

XV

oTAEJIOTIHbtE

PAEOTbI

s

95.

OITTyKATyPHBAHHE

3AAHHH

H COOPyXEHHp{

flpone4eHneM

rxryKarypHbrx

pa6or

Ha

crpoHreJrbcrBe

sAanr.rri

npeAy-

cM

aTpuBaeTcs apxHTeKrypHo-xyAo>KecrBeHHoe

oQopuJIeHHe

orAeJrbrBaenaorl

noBepxHocrn

r.r

npeAoxpaHeHHe

HapyxHbrx

creH

or BpeAHbrx

arMocQep-

HbIx BJrHn:e'tfr,

Koropbre

pa3pyuarorue

AelrcrByror

Ha

sAaHHe.

249

250

l,,taea

XV.

OrdettottHble

Paforb:

creHxu

6erossnrx

pe3epByapoB

OuITyKaTyplIBaIoT

AJIS

noBbllueHKfl

Bo-

AOHenpoHHUaeIi{ocrH'--

Bnyrp"nn,oJ-no"aprnocru

6eronHbrx

a

xe.reso6eroHilblx

KoJIJIeKTopoB

orrrTyKaTypt"u-t

nns

yeeJtI'IqeHHf

BOAOHeflpoHI{IIaeMOCTH

CTeHOK

H

y''lyq-

ueHr4fl

rHApaBJrr4qecKHX

ceolicrs

KOJIJIeKTOpOB

(yueurureHua

uepoxo-

narocru).

An'-

wtyKaTypKH

sAaHafi

npHMeHflIoT

H3BecTKoBbIe,

H3BecTKoBo-fuilco-

Bbre

H

H3BeCTKOso-qeN{eHTHbIe

pacrBopbl;

Aflfl

IUTyKarypKH

KI'Ip[HqHbIX

H KaMeHrrbrx

cTeH

B

CbIpbIX

nol'reqesnflx,

a

TaKlKe

6etogttux

pe3epByapoB'

Tpy6

H

KoJIJIeKTopoB

-

IreMeHTHbIe

pacrBopbl'

pasnfiqaroT

cJreAyroulue.

BHAbI

IIITyKaTypoK:

npocTafl'

ynyqilIeHHafl

H

BbIcoKoKaqecTBeHHaff

'

BblnoJlHflel\{afl

IIo

MafKaM

BnArrIIITYKaTypoKAJIffKoHKpeTHuxo6texToByKa3bIBaIoTB.npoeKTax

B COOTBeTCTBHH

C

Ha3HaqeHHeM

3AaHI',Ifl

UJIH

COOpyx(eHI',Iq'

3Aagun,

paccqqTaHHbIe

Ha

He[poAoJI)I(I'ITeJIlunttl

cpOK

cfly]K6bl

I'IJII4 He

TDe6VrcUr{e

TIqaTeJIbHofr

oTAe.[KH

(uanpun'rep,

cKJIaAbI'

MacTepcKue'

rapa-

;;;

".1.1'

ur)/Karypflr

npocrofi

u*yxatypxoit'

3l,alufl.

HacocHblx

ctanquti,

KoHTop

H o6ue>rurutr

lxryKarypffT

yfly'I-

ruesuoft

unYxarYPxofi'

Kannrannnu-e

3AaHHff

>KHJIOTO

U

O6UIeClBeHHOro

Ha3HaqeHI',Iq'

paccqH-

TaHHbre

Ha

AonroJIerHIoIo

cnyx6y,

IxryKarypqr

oco6o

rIIlareJIbHo

c

[pHMe-

HCHUCM

BbICOKOKAI{ECTBCHHOU

TilTYKATYPKH'

B

4exopaT'rBlrbrx

UeJrflx

ua-

Oruiyrarypunaeuoft

noBepxHocT'

3AaHHH

r{HOrAa

BbrTffHBaIoT

[ofcKl{,

CaHApHKH

H

KapHI{3bI

IIO

rfia6'nouaM

IIpflMOJIH-

HefiHoro

I'I

KpHBoJIuuefisoro

ouepraulEfi'

"-'--'

in^

ye^e.nuueur.rfi

BoAoHenpoHuuaeMocrl

ueMeHTHofi

urtyxarypKH

B

Hee

Ao6aBflffroT

npH

3aTBOpeHIT:a

pasilHqHble

BeuIecTBa'

Ho

B

ocHoBHoM

BOAOHe-

npoHr{IlaeMocrb

cTeHo;

rpy6 [I

pe3epByapoB

co3AaeTcff

BcJIeAcrBHe

nJIorHo-

crr.r

6erosa

H

trrTyKaTypuoro

pactn_opa.

Ann

NfaKcI'IMaJIbHOTO

yBefiHqeHl'Ifl

BOAOHenpoHr,ruaeMocTH

lllTyKaTypttofi

nosepxHocTll

ee

noABepfalor

x(eJle3-

HCHI,IIo.

flpouecc

>KeJre3HeHHfl

cocTol{T

B

TOM,

qTO

Ha

He

BIIOJIHe

OKpenIuHI4

cloflr

qeueutHoft

rxryr(aTypKH

HaHOCsr

rourufi

ponHuft

c.nofi

cyxofo

qeMeH-

;;,

;;;psrfi

sareM

Brgpalor

B

rerlo

llrryKarypuoro

crlor

crarlb'oft

norly-

I<pytt"tiJIoIIarKoir,u,orexnop,noKanoBepxHocrbIuryKarypKHHecraHer

6.n6c1aureft

c

cepe6pucrblt\[

oTJIHBoIvI'

^n^ wn'rtrau

-----npoUecc

x(eJIeSIIeHHfl

oqeHb

TpyAOeMoK,

nOgToMy

ero

npHMeHgIoT

ToJIb-

xo

B

caMblx

neo6xoArl{blx

cflyrraflx'

^"

"p;p;6otu"u

Marrrr.rHKa Lilfl

saTvrpKn

I,I

xeJle3ueuuff

nnocKofi

6erou-

uofi

noeepxHocTr.r.

Pa6oquft

opfaH

MaIIII'IHKH

COCTOHT

I',Is

TpeX

JIOIIacTefi'

ocll

KoTopbrx

pacroaox(eHbl

paAHurro"o

noA

yr'nor"r

120o

oAHA

x

Apyroft'

Kax-

Aan

rrona."o

,ri"-o;;;;;;;

co6ofi

nnacrtluxy

Hl

yrJlepoAl'Ic'oft

cta'nu' Cxo-

pocTb

upuot*-"'"

-pa-6ouero

opraHa

cocraBJlfer

60

o6lnuH

npvr

Bece

IUaIIIHH-

[",

pu"iro

v

25

or.

Kon.tpy*uan

pa6ouero

opraHa

o6ecnequBaer

Bo3Mo]K-

HOCTb

.JIOnacTflM

CaMOyCTaHaBJIl4BaTbcfl

Ha

CBoefi

OCE'

qeM

AOCTHnaeTCfl

DoBHar

noBePxuocrl

o6pa6arblBaeMoro

6erona'

""""fr;;'unfrp"nnefi

oiaenKe

3Aaurrii

eMecro

Mo-rio.r-iliriioii

(i'aoxpoft)

iipH-

MeHflIor

cyxyro

IIITyKaryp-KY,

T'

e'

o6unnxy

creH

H

noroJIKoB

JIHcTaMH

3a-

BOACKOTO

,usro.rounesprs.

^Ho

TaKafl'

IIIryKaTypKa

He

npl4MeHfleTcfl

B noMe-

ilteggflx

c

rloBbltrleHuofi

"nu*to.ti1g.

npt'ioyuft"t"oM

npl'IMeHeHHfl

cyxofi

IiITyKaTypKI4flBJIfleTcfMeHbIIIaflTpyAoeMKocTbI{Bo3Mox{HocTbnpo[I3BoA.

cTBa

MaJrflpHbrx

pa6or

HenocpeAcTBeHHO

TIOCJIe

OKOHqaHHfl

ycTaHoBKH

JIIIC-

ros

cyxofi

IXTyKarypKH'

Ra aoroa.Fns MeF ) H

flerKafi

HeAocraiKOM

sTOrO

cnoco6a

flBJIfleTcfi

MeHbIiIafl

npoqHocTt

rroBDexAaeMocTb

cyxofl

IxTyKaTypKH

B

npoqecce

sKcnJIyaTaUHH

34auvfr'

tr;tr4

$

95. OwrgKargpulaHue

sdanuft tt coopgmenuft

coopylKeHHfl.

Ha crpor{TeJrbcrBe

BoAonpoBoAHo-KaHaJIH3aIrHoHHbtx coopy-

xeHuft npIIMeHflIor

roJIbKo

rvroxplrfi cnoco6

ouryKarypwBartrr.

Cesercxue

HHlKeHepbI

cxoHcrpynpoBarIv

pflA

MaruHH

H

ycraHoBoK,

IIppI

N^N{OIII.H

KOTOPbIX

N,TCXAHH3HPOBAHbI

NPOqCCCbI

NPEIOTOBJICHVI II

AOCTABKH

ttrTyKarypHoro

pacTBopa

na crpofiry,

noAar{H

Ha

pa6ouue MecTa LI

HaHece-

HHfl ero

Ha

noBepxHocrr.{, a

rilfr

BbrnoJlHeuprs

o[epaqufi

no

oIIrTyKarypHBaHI,Irc

nonepxuocreil

pacrBopoM

IuryKarypbl-HoBaropbl

npeA.IIox(HJIH

ycoBep-

Pnc. 180. Cxeua

rpaHcnoprupoBaHnfl

pacrBopa

a-Tyn:g.KoBae; 6-xoarqesas;

r-flepeAaH]iHofi

urtyxarypnuft

arperaT;

2

-

pacxo4nufi

6yuxep;

3

-

rpancnoptnufi

pacrnopoHacoc;

4

-

eraxnuft 6ytt-

rep; 5

-

pacrBopoHacoc

rueHcTBoBaHHbre

[pHeMbr

pa6oTbr,

a TaKx{e

HHcTpyMeHTbr

H

rrpHcnoco6Jle-

Htlfl, 3HarIHTeJIbHo o6nerqapulne

rpyA

H rroBblruarculne

ero rrpoH3BoAHTeJIb-

HOCTb.

LllryxarypHbre

pacrBopbr rrprroroBJlrlor npr{ rroMoIqH

pacrBopoMerlra-

.noK,

ycTaHaBJIHBaeMbIX

B XOpOIIIO

OpfaHHSOBaHHbtX CneUHa"rrbHbrx 3aBOAaX

riJrH

pacrBopHbrx y3Jrax,

co3AaBaeMblx

y

HaHOoJree KpyrrHbrx crpoffulHxcfl

- - . rl,ttit

JACInfl.

K

pa6oveMy

Mecry

rrrryKarypoB

pacrBop

rroAalor

rrpn

noMoulu

pacr-

BOpOHaCOCOB,

KOTOpbre

yCTaHaBJrHBal,OT Hfir4 He[OCpeACTBeHHO y

paCTBOpO-

MeruaJroK

Ha

pacTBopHoM y3JIe,

HJIH

y

3naHKfl,

fAe npoH3BoIqT UTyKaTyp-

uue

pa6oTbr:

pacrBop

AocTaBJrsIor

or

pacrBopHoro

y3Jra

aBTocaMocBa.IIaMH

c Bbrrpy3Kofr

B npoMexyroqHble'pacxoAHbIe

6ynxepa

(puc.

lB0).

,II,.nn

uenocpercTBeHHoro HaHeceHHfl

pacrBopa

Ha oruryKarypuBaeMylo

noBepxHocrb

HcrroJrb3yrorcr

Qopcyuxu

(uacro

lra3brBaeMble

Ha

crpoftI(ax

corrJraMH,

puc. 181), xoropue npHcoeAHHflrorcfi

x

pacTBoponpoBoAy

rrpH

no-

251

252

f.,taea XV. OrdenotLHbLe

Pa1orot

x{ouln rH6KHx

uIJraHroB.

@opcyHxn

6ttea}or

Bo3AyruHoro

Aer?cTBHfl

(xorAa

pacrBop

HaHocaTCfl

Ha

_noBepxHocrb

nprr

nol,rou{H

c>Karofo

Bo3AyXa,

fiOfly-

qaelloro

OT

OTAeJIbHo

ycTaHaBJIHBael{ofo

KOI,Inpeccopa)

H I{eXaHHqeCKoro

-^f,^-^,,- ,.R ^ ^__ /..^^-

AeHCTBHff

-

<<0ecKoMnpeccopHbie>

(Kofla

pacTBop

HaHocrircfl

noA Bo3Aer?-

crBueM

naBJreHr4fl,

co3AaHHoro

pacrBopouacocoM

B

pacrBoponpoBoAe).

Puc.

lBl.

HaHecenrre

turyxarvpHoro pacrBopa

ua

KIIpIIAr{HbIe

CTeHbt

Ha

crpoureJlbcrBe

x{eJle3o6eroHHblx

Ko"ry,'leKTopoB,

ToHHeJIeIl,

KaHa.rIoB

I4

ApyrHX

coopy)KeHzt?

sHaqlire,rluofi

Ad'IrIHbr

c/'reAyer

npar\{eHfiTb

rrepeABr{>K-

HbIe

IUTyI{arypHbIe

craHIII4H

(pIlc.

182),

Bce

npucnoco6fieHafl

u

MexaHH3Mbr

)

Pnc.

182.

flepegnuxuaq uryKarypHafl

craHurrfl

I

-

nprrelnrsrfi

6ynxep:

2-

xoneco

c KoBrnaMr{; 3

-

roroK:

4-

SreKTpoKaloplrSep;

5-

3,'reKTpoaBHrarelb

c

peAyKTc-

lrorvr;

6-nu6pocurot tr;1fi";::poHacoc;

8-qurur

Ers

t'

ln

I tl

J

tl

7U

$

95. OwrAKqrApulaHue

sdariuil n coopgtceruui

253

t(oropofi

cMoHTapoBaHbr

B BaroHe.

Baros MolKer

6nrrs

ycraHoBJIeH

Ha

Ko-

Jrecax vilw Ha

noJlo3bflx

(n snuuee

BpeMs

BaroH

oTanilvBaercf).

flonepxuocrb

KarvreHHbrx

r,rJrn KHpilurIHbIx

creH

AJII

Jlyquero crIenJIeHI,ts

uTyKaTypHofo

pacTBopa

oqHu{aroT or

rrbrJrl4

H fpfl3r{ fl npoNlbrBa}oT

BoAorl.

.Il,epennuubre

noBepxHocrtr

nepeA

HaHeceHLIeM

lrrryl(arypKl o6unarcr

ApaHbro.

flepntrft

cJrori

ApaHn

(npocrra.rrbHbrfi)

pacnoJlaralor npIIMepHo

noA

yrJror\{

45" x

BeprI{KaJII{, a

BTopoft-

nepneHAldKyJlffpHo rlepBoMy- Pasuep

KJreroK cocraBJrfler

5-10 ctil.

8ilfr.

ycKopeHLIfr.

o6nBKLr

]norpe6,,'IffIorApaHb,

npeABapHTeJrbHo

3aroroBJreEHyro

B BHAe

[oJIOTeH

IUI4pHIIOfi

AO

I,5-2 Jf,,

nepeMeHHofi

AilHHbr

(e

sanncnMocrn

or

Bblcorbl o6HBaeMoIi

ApaHblo

creHbl).

flo

oxou.{

aHHH

rroAforoBKn

IIoBepxHocrH

npoH3BoAqT

ee

oluryKarypll-

BaHHe. flo cnoco6y

nnrnonHeHnff

H

KaqecrBy oTAeJIKH

[oBepxHocrr{

nITyKa-

rypKy,

r(aK

yKa3brBaJIoCb

paHee,

noApa3AeJIflIoT

Ha TpH BIdAa',.

I

)

npocrylo,

BbIpoBHeHHyIo

noJlyrepKoM Ha rJIa3;

2)

yJryq[reHHyro,

BbrpoBHeHHyro

l]oryrepKoM H BbIBepeHHyIo ttpaBIiJ'IoM

6es

Masxon;

3)

BbrcoKoKaqecrBeHHyro,

BbrpoBHeHHyro

[oJTyrepKoM rrJlrr

ltanxoft u,rl.t

BbrBepeHHyro npaBriJloivi

no MaHKaM.

MaqxaMra HagblBalor

Beprt{KarlbHble

ilo-

Jrocbr, cAeJraHHbre

H3

iliryKarypuoro

pacrBopa

crporo no

oTBecy

qepe3

1,5-

2n.

LUryxarypnufi

crorl o6pa3yercfl

nyreM

nocJleAoBareJlbHofo

HaHeceHufl

Ha noBepxHocrb

cJroeB

pacrBopa.

Kax.qnrfi

Hoesril

cJIoiI

Mox{Ho

HaHocHTb

roJrbKo rrocJre

roro,

KaK npeAbrAyrrlufi

3arBepAeJI,

Ho eu{e He

Bblcox.

flepnufi

xu4xufi cJrofi

pacrBopa

ro.nqunofi

4-5

tttvl :easfiBaercfl o6pbl3roM.

Ha

o6'

pbr3r

HaHocflr 8-10-nn

croir

6oree

rycroro

pacrBopa.

Sror

Bropori cJIoIi

iriryKarypKH

Ha3brBaror

rpyHroM.

Ha rp^ynr

HaHocsr rperHft c.{ofi uryKa-

T,vpHoro

pacrBopa roJrrrluHort

2-4

*uvt.

3ror c,'Ioft

Ha3bIBaercfl

HaKpbIBKofr.

flpu

nonaorqn

pacrBopoHacoca u

nu6poilpeccoBofi uaurIaHbl

llrryKaryp-

Ky HaHocsr

Ha

noBepxHocrb

B oAHH

cnoft.

flpra

ourryr{aTyprrBaHvLt

noToJIKoB,

rlepeKpblrnr?

n creu

sganuit

u co-

opyx(eHnfi

Ao.rr)KHa

co6rloAarbcfl

oqepeAHocrb orrrryKarypHBaHI.Ia

floBepx-

Hocreft. CHaqana

orxryKarypr.rBalor

noroJIKI4 B 3AaHHqx

vrlru

BHyrpeHHrcio

rroBepxHocTb nepeKpblTufi

pe3epByapoB, a 3aTeM

ylKe

cTeHbI H

B

nocJIeA-

Hroro

oqepeAb

AHHIIIa.

Tax

>re

(cnepxy nuus)

olxTyKarypnBalor

noBepxHo-

crlt KoJIJIeKTOpOB,

TOHHeJIeH

H KaHaJIOB.

flpu

nlexaHr.r3apoBaHr,{oM

ciloco6e

BbrrroJIHeHHff rrrryKarypHblx

pa60r

npHr{eH.flror

nororrHo-pacqfleHeuHntft

MeToA

opfaHH3auHI,I

TpyAa IIITyKaTypOB,

nplr

r(oTopoM Becb

KoMUIeKc

pa60T

pasAeJlffeTcff

Ha

oTAe"[bHbIe o[epaI{HI'I,

BbrnoJrHfleMbre

rrocTorHHo oAHHrr

H TeM

>Ke

3BeHOirA.

BeCl

O6leli

pa6or, nol-

"uexaqnfi

Bbino.rrHeH?rro,

AeJrHTcfl

Ha 3axBarKI{,

oAHHaKoBbIe rro

rpyAoel\IKc''

cru.

floc.ne

oKoHrraHun

pa6or Ha

oAHoft 3axBarKe

KaiKAoe

gBeHo

rrepexoAl{T

Ha

Apyryro

3axBarKy

AIIr

BbInoJHeHvfl

arailoruqHblx BHAoe

pa6or.

Pac.rneneHne rrrryKarypHbrx

pa6or

Ha oflepauull,

onpeAeJIeHHe

pa3Me-

poB

SaxB arKr4,

pr,rrMa r,I ulafa

noroKa, a

raKxe

noA6op cocraBa

3BeHbeB

npoH3BoAHTcfl orAeJrbHo

AJrfi

Ka>KAoro

o6sexra crponTeJlbcrBa

B

3aBLI'

cHMocrLI

or cJIolKHocrLI

pa6or,

ycJIoBHti

ux

nntuoJlHeHnfl

H

.HaJIItqHf

Mexa-

HH3MOB.

B Hacro.flil{ee

BpeMfl IIITyKarypHbIe

pa6oru,

KaK Lr

Apyrue

BHAbI

crpou-

'r'eJlbHbrx

pa6or,

npon3BoAfiT

rr

B 3I4MIIee BpeMfl. 3IrvHuvru

ycJIoBHflMLr

LItfl

rrpou3BoAcrBa

TrrryKarypHbrx

pa6or

cquTalorcfl

TaKLre,

KorAa

retuneparypa

BO3AyXa B

nOMeuIeHHflX

r{JrH

COOpy)KeHHflX,

nOAJre}KaU{HX OrrITyKaTypLIBa-

HHro,

ycraHaBJrllBaercfl HHIKe

5"

C.

Teruneparypa Bo3Ayxa

3alleprerca

Ha

ypoBHe

0,5

-tt or

nora noMeilIeHHfl,

Lrilv

AHa

coopy>KeHnfl s

Halt6onee yAa-

JIEHHbIX

OT

HCTOqHI4KA

TCTIJIA

N{CCTAX.

254

f naaa XI,'.

OrdenoqHble

paSoruL

B etou

cryqae pacrBopbr

cJreAyeT

npHroroBJrrrb

Ha [oAorperorl

BoAe,

a

ecilu STofo

HeAocTaToqHo,

To H

Ha noAorpeToM

IIecKe.

llpuroronJreHHe,

TpaHcnoprupoBaHr{e

H

xpaHeHLre uryKarypHbrx

pacrBopoB

AoJrx(Hbr

6urs

oprauu3oBaHbr

rar{HM

o6pasoira,

rrro6br

AocraBJreHHbrfi

Ha

pa6oqee

Mecro

pacTBop

HMeJr

reMrreparypy

_B

MoMeHT

HaHeceHr.rs

efo Ha

oruryKarvpHBae-

Mbre

noBepxHocrrr

se

suxce 8" C.

IOT

UpH OTTaprBaHflA.

tIeM

HHX(e

reMneparypa

Bo3Ayxa,

TeM

6o.nnrue

AoJtx(-

Ho

coAepxarbcs xJropa B

xJropupoeaHuofi

BoAe.

S

96.

OTAEJIKA

NOBEPXHOCTEII

JIHCTAMH

CYXOH

IXTYKATYPKH

JIncrr't

cyxofi

rIITyKarypKH

npLIKJIeHBaroT

K

orAeJrbreaeNrofi

noBepxHocTrr

uacrraxofi unu

npu6llBalor

rBo3AqMH;

nocJreAHufi

cnoco6

6o.nee

rpyAoeMor(

H

MeHee

SKOHOIIHqeH,

a

nOTOMy

npHMeHreTCfl

pexe.

JIactu

cyxoli

lxryrarypKr.r

npHKJIeuBaror

B cJreAyrouteM

nopflAKe:

cHa-

qaJa

pa3Meqalor

IIoJIo)KeHLIe

JrHcroB

Ha

noToJrKe

LrIrH

creHax,

3areM

Hape-

3aIOT

r4X

IJrn

rex

yqacTKOB,

fAe He

pa3r,{eqalorcf

rleJlbre

JrHcTbr,

AaJIee

t]pH-

foroBJIflIOT

LI

HaHOCtT

IUacTWKy

H, HaKoHeq,

ycTaHaBJII{BaFOT

[I

npHKJIeHBa-

roT JrHcTbr K noBepxHocTH.

Pnc.

I83. PasMerxa

Ha

creHax lsHufi

crbrKoB

JrHc-

ron cyxoft rrrryKarypKu

flpn

pasrrlerxe

noBepxHocru

HsAo

crpeMHTbcfl K ToMy,

uro6u

norpedo-

BaJIocb Bo3Mox(Ho

MeHbtuee

rrHcflo

pa3pe3aHHblx

Jrr4croe

r,r

qro6br

Bo3Mo)K-

Ho IIoJIHee Hcr-IoJ-lb3oBarb

HX

orAeJrbHbre

qacrn.

rliecra

crbIKoB

cMe)I{HbIx

rIHcroB orMeqalor

iue.rosori

qeproir

(puc.

183). flpu

paeruerKe

crbrKoB

Ha

noToJIKax npoAonbHble

crbrKt4 JrHcroB

AoJrx(Hbr

HanpaBJIflTbcfl

napaJI.rIeJrbHo

flyqaM

cBera, naAarorrlnil{

qepe3

oKHa a 6alrouHbre

ABepH.

PesKa

cyxofi

lrryKarypKu

rpoll3BoAlircfl

4ltcxonor?

oJreKrpoilsnofi

c

MeJIKaMH

sy6rruu

Ha

cneIiHaJrbHbIX BepcraKax

c

poBHbtM

H

TJTaAKHM

cro-

.nou.

!,"rrn

pa3pe3aHug

ue6orbllroro KoJrnrrecrBa

JrHcroB

c

UeJrbIo

rroAroHKH

Hx

Ha

Mecre

ycraHoBKH

npaMeHffIor

pyqHbre

Hox(oBKr.r

c Me.rIKHMn

sy6nRun,

KOTOpbre

AaroT

poBHyFo,

He pBaHyro

KpoMKy JrHcToB

no

JTHHHSM

OTpe3a.

qrlqlil

I

'l

,i'.

,H

il

$

97.

O6nuqosKa

KepatwuqecKluiu

nnurtailu. creH u

nonol

Macrnry npuroroBJrflror

HenocpeAcrBeHHo

nepeA npax.nefixofi JILIcToB

cyxofi

rrrryKarypxn.

flnn

upuxnet?xu

JIHcroB

npnMeHflIor

Ka3eHHo-IIeMeHT-

Hyro, KaBer4Ho-H3BecrKoByFo

LI

rHncoKJIeeByIo

MacrHKI4.

Konu.{ecteo

npHro-

----^-e -^-.....^ d..^-

"mn6r

-'^..,rt^ A,,

'I'UUJIHeMUl{

IvlaU I flt|ll

AUJTdTHU

UDI

r

D

I

<lArrrYr,

'r

r

rJrJDr

DLr\-' rr\JPr4frrv rvrr-rlnnu

\JDr-

Jro

yfiorpe6nsrt

B

AeJIo

Ao

ee

garycreHl'ls.

Mactnxy HaHoctr

Ha

orAeJIbIBa-

eMyro noBepxHocrb

creHbr

LrJtH

noToJIKa

ua6pocou IllTyKarypsoti

"nonarxofi

orAeJrbHbrMH

MecraMu

qepe3

30-40

cu.

.Ilucrrr ruryKarypKr.r

npr{KJreuBaror

cHarIaJIa K noBepxHocru

noroJlKa, a

sareM K creHaM. flpur<nerzBaHlre

Jrr.rcroB

K [oroJIKy

IIpoH3BoALITcfl

AByMfl

pa6ouul,rur.

fIoAHqe

Jrr{cr

rxryKarypr^r4

14

pasMecrHB

efo B coorBercrB}In

c

npeABapureltuofi

pa3MeTKoit,

pa6ouue

npfiXHMaIoT

erg

K nOToJIKy

TaK,

.rto6nr

MacruKa xopouo

cxBarlr.nacb

rro scefi nosepxHocru noJloc,

a 3areM

npH

noMorrlrr

BaTepnaca

npoBepfloT

efo ropLI3oHTa.JIbHocTb

no Bcel\{

HaflpaB-

JreHrrflM. Bropoft

u flocfleAyroque

Jrficrbr

yKJIaAbIBaIorcfl

TaKHM x{e

cnoco-

6OU, uro u

nepnrtfi.

Kax.qHfi

BHoBb

yKJlaAblBaeuufi

JILICT

npHABHTatoT

I{

fipeAbrAyrrrer{y

raK,

,{ro6nr

3a3op

Me)KAy

HITMH

6ur

He 6o.nee 2-3

a.+t,

sa-

TeM

BbIBepfIOT

AJTHHHbIM

npaBrrtloM

[oJIoxeHI.{e KaxAofo JIHcTa

Ha noToJIKe.

floc.rye

roro KaK

r\{acruKa oKpenHer

H JIHcrbI

MoryT

Aep}Karbcfl

Ha

no-

BepxHocrn

noToJrKa

6es

noAnopoK,

nocJIeAHIIe

y6upaIoT

H

npplcTynalor

K

oTAeJrKe cTeH.

.Iluctrr,

rrpuKaeuBaeMble K

creHaM,

He

AoJIxHbI

AoxoAHTb

Ao

tIoJIa

Ha

2-3 cu,

qro6u

oHIz

He

HaMoKaJIH

Bo BpeMt

MbITbs

noJIoB.

ilns

sToro

BAoJrb

oTAeJrbrBaeuofi

creHbr

yKJIaAbIBaIoT

BpeI\.IeHHo recHHy. JIuct

cyxofi

rrrryKarypKu,

corJracHo

panee fipou3BeAeusoft

pa3r\{erKe,

npu)KnMalor

K cre-

He,

3areM,

np?IcryKuBafl

pefixoft,

oca)KllBator

H BbIBepflIoT

eFo

[oJIo)KeHI,Ie

npfl

rroMorqu

npaB,rtna c

BecKoM.

Bropofi

H Bce nocJleAyloulple JIHcrbI

ycra-

HaBJIHBaIoT TaK x<e, KaK

u

nepnurl,

c 3a3opaMn MexAy nncraMu,

paBHbIIuH

2-3 uu.3rli .nucrbr BbrBepflror

npanfnonr

(6es

otneca),

npHKJIaAbIBaeMbIM

B

pasHbrx

Ha[paBneHHflx

oAHoBpeMeHHo

K

ycTaHaBJIHBaeMOMy

nHCTy.

Korla

floBepxHocra

noroJrKa

H

creH noJrHocrbro

orAeJraubr JnIcraMId

cy-

xofi ruryxarypKlr,

npou3BoAnr o6pa6orKy

IIrBoe.

Ilpu

noMouIH

MeTaJIJII{qe-

cxorl .nonarKyr

(urnare.na)

uerr

3anoJlHflIor

rofi

xe

Macrnxofi, xotopylo Hc-

noJrb3oBa ilv

Ltfl,-

np ux.neft

xI.I JII{croB.

Or4e.nxy

noMeuleHufi

.nucrauu

cyxofi IIITyKarypKI{ B sI{MHee

BpeMfi

npou3BoAflT

npH TeMrrepaType

Bo3Ayxa

B oTAeJrbIBaeMbIx noMeIIIeHI4flx He

nnxe

5o C.

$

e7.

oEJTHqoBKA

KEPAMHqECKHMI{

nfiHTKAMH

CTEH

fi,

IIOJIOB

floxprrrue

noBepxsocrefi

creH,

rroJIoB

r{

ApyrHx

gJreMeHToe

sAauufi

H

coopy)r(eHnfi

urryuuhrMr4

H3AeililflMr4 B

BHAe nJIHT

pa3Hblx pa3MepoB, I,IBfo-

TOBJIeHHbIX

H3

pa3nHqHbIX eCTeCTBeHHbIX

HJrH

LICKyCCTBeHHbTX

MaTepI4aJIOB,

HagblBaercq o6rHqosxofi

.

O6.nzrroexa nJTHTKaMH

npeAoxpauffer

gru

floBepxHocrr-r

or

paspyluarc-

ulero

Aeficrsus

arruocQepHbrx

ocaAKoB, BJrafil HJIH arpeccr{BHblx

}KHAKoc-

reft.

Kporue

rofo,

o6nHqosxa

npI{AaeT noBepxHocru Kpacnnufi BHA,

yBeJiH-

.rHBaeT

cpoK

cJ-ryx6br

slauu-h

unn coopyxeiiafi

i

yfiyqiiiaeT

caiifiTapiio-

rHrr.reHHqecKHe

ycJroBHfl

r{x SKcnJIyaTarryH.

B oo,u,onpoBoAHo-KaHaJrr{3arluoHHoM

crpozTeJrbcTBe

ricnoJrb3ylor

Kepa-

MHrIecKue ttJIHTKIr, KoropbrMu o6.nltqoerIBanr

creHbr L{ rroJrbl B

gI.ankrnx

H

no-

il{eureHr{sx

pa3nHqHoro

Ha3HaqeHHfl

(.ua6oparopan,

ttoMeIqeHI{r

peareHT-

Hbrx

ycraHoBoK, MauIHHHbIe

3aJIbI

HacocHbtx craHIlLIfi).

flaurxu 6uream

caMbrx

pasnoo6pa3Hblx

Qoptvt,

pa3MepoB

H

uBeloB,

qrb

nogeoJrfleT

rryreM

coorBercrByrourero no46opa

AeJIarb

[oKpblTne noJra

HJru

creH

pHcyHrIarbIM,

noBblluafl

apxuTeKTypHbre KarlecrBa

noMerrlegufi.

256

fiasa XV.

Orde,,to.tHbrc

pa6orbl

B no4onpoBoAHo-KaHaJrH3auHoHHoN{

crponTeJlbcrBe,

a raKx{e

Arrr

or-

LeilKH

KyXOHb

14

CaHHTapHbIX

y3,'rOB B 3AaHHfX

pa3JrHqHOfO

Ha3HaqeHHf

HC-

noJIb3ytoT n.TIHTKH TOJTbKO CBerJrblx

ToHoB,

Ha Koropblx

6oflee 3aMeTHbI

nbrJrb

rr FnooL ?-^ ^-^^^Knrorror 6rrnrnnnlrr aLrqpIaurrn earno?uauttfi rt rtu A.ro+

f I t

yttJD.

v l

v

Lrlvvvvvr DJ

vl vurv

^

lr""^J H/rJrrvrrrr4

rl

rl^

uDrur

-

poMy yAaJIeHHro

Bo

BpeMfl

3KCnJIyaral,].hH

COOpyIKeHHI?.

!,nn

npwt<penJreHrdr

Kep a MHqecKkt

x IIJIHToK K

06rHrroBbrBaeMori

fioBepx-

FrocrH npux,reHflror

qeMeHTHbre

pacrBopbr

o6uqulte

u

KprcJlorocrofrKfie,

Ka-

3eHHOBbre fi

6LlTyMHbre

Nracrr,rKH.

qaue

Bcefo npHMeHqloT

o6brrrHbte

r{eMeH-

Tr{bre pacTBopbr

cocraBa

|

.4 nnu

I

:

5

ua

nopTJIaHAIIeMeHTe MapoK

400-

500. I(uc"norocror?KHe

ueMeHrHbre

Bepx

peixu

pacTBopbr,

irpr4foToBJrflex.fbre

Ha KHc-

JroToyrropHor\{

IIeNreHTe,

r4crroJrb3yroT

npH o6iiHrloBKe nJIHTKaMH

CTeH r,r no-

,[oB

B noMeiIIeHLIflX, fAe BO3MO]KHO

nonaAaHHe Ha

o6JrHqoBaHHbre noBepx-

HOCTr{ KHCJIOT ri"rH

Apyfrrx

afpeCCHB-

HbIX

BeIqeCTB.

KaserzFrosrie

MacrHKH ilpuMeHq-

roT npH o6,ruqonxe f/ra3ypoBaHHbrMtl

nJrHTr(aMH

CyXHX rIOMeUIeHI4ir,

TaK KaK

3Tr4

MaCTT{KH 6OsrCs B[rArH.

EUrynr-

Hyro MacTr{Ky

l{cloJrb3yroT

nper4Myule-

crBeHHO

npu

O6"'lauoBKe

[oJroB B

6a-

Frflx,

I]paqeqHblx

tr

APyrux

nporisBoAcT-

BeHHbIX

fior\{eil{eHHflX,

B KOTOpbIX

nJTHTKH

yKJraAbrBaFor

Ha acQaJrbroByro

noAfoToBKy, flB.rlfroLIIyIocfl

fHApoH3o-

rqrIHoHHErM CJTOeM

B nepeKpbrTHH.

I-lepe4 Har{aJroM n"rruTor{Hbrx

pa6or

Heo6xoAHMo

rrpoH3BecTr{

npoBepKy

rr

noAroToBKy

noBepxHocrerl, I]oAr'rex{aulHx o6,rlHqoexe. I(apnauHbre

cT'eHbr

AoJrlKHbr

6nrrr

BbrJrox(eHbr

BnycrollroBKy, a

6erouHole

AoJIX<HII

6bITb rrrepo-

xoBaTbtI\{H.

Ec"rrr

nocJleAHee

ycJIoBHe He BbIIIOJIHeHO,

TO nOBepXHOCTb

CTeI{

AoJr)r(Ha

6rrrr

HaceqeHa

nHeBMarHqecKHM

MoJrorKoM 6opos4avrn

r.rly6uHofi

2-3

,u,tt,

pacnoJrox(eHHbrMH

Apyr

or

Apyfa

Ha

paccroflHrlw

50-60

htht.Bcfl-

Klre

6oJrbrurie

BblnyKJrocrr.r

Aoa)KHbr

6rns

cpy6"neust, a

yrJIy6JreHHfl

gaAeJra-

Hbr

pacTBopoNl.

.Il,epenxHnbre

HacTr.rlrbr

vtilH nepefopoAKu Hs aHTHcenTupo-

BaHHOfi

ApeBeCI4Hbi

AOJrX(Hbr

6Urr

HeSbI6Xlr,VH.

.

O6.nrEqoBKy

creH nd'rr4TKaMu HaqHHarer

cHHsy.

Anq

no.qr,epx(aHuff

HH>K-

Hero

pflAa o6nnuoeoqHbrx rrJrr{roK

Ha noJly rro

BceMy flepni\,Ierpy

creH

yKJra-

AbrBaror

AocKy-pefiKy

(pnc.

184), BepxHss

noBepxHocrb Koropofi

AoJix(Ha

crporo

coorBercTBoBarb

npoeKTHoft oruerxe

rroJla IIoMeIIIeHlta.

llepeA

06-

JrHuoBr{orl

creH

Ha r{x noBepxHocru

ycraHaBJII4BaIoT

Maflr{Hble n.IIITTKH (vIap-

xn),

xoropbre

pa3MeilIaror

B

yrJlax

o6nzqoetreaelroft

creHbl

Ha

ypoBHe

BepxHero

pflna rrJrHToK

B 3aBuclrMocrr{

or orxryxarypeHHoli

qacrlr

rroBepx-

Hocru

creHbr,

ToJrrrIHHbr

rrJrHTKr,r

H

npocJloftxn

pacreopa

rIoA neft.

3ateM

Ta-

KHe )Ke

MafKH

ycraHaBdTHBaror

B

yfJIax

cTeHbI Ha

ypoBHe

HHlKHero

Pfl,qa

- ----^-: ^

-.,^':.

llJlll I uK,

paLrruJrdr

all

fln?tlnne rylaxr1'n I-la

uAnuzr

DcP r r,l^aJllr

L

t'EP^,fiYlryrn rr

[poBepflq

no

oTBecy

coBrraAeHHe BepTHKaJIbHbIX

pe6ep

H JIHIIeBbIX

floBepx-

Hocreli IIdTHToK.

MaqqHrre

nd'THTKH

npuKpenJrfltoT

K creHe

6lrcrpornepAelouluM

frznco-

BbrM

pacrBopoM.

Korla

MaflKH nocraBJreHbr

H

noBepxHocrb

Lrx

BbrBepeHa,

Mex{Ay HH)KHHMH

MasKaMpi

HaTqrHBaIoT

lxHyp-npuqarTKy Ha

ypoBHe

BepX-

Hero

Jrr.rueBofo

(nepe4uero)

xpan

HH>KHefo

pr.a,a nJIHToK.

I-lo aronay

[rHypy

BeAyr

o6lflqoexy

nJII4TKaMH

Hr.rlKHero

psAa, i(oropylo

HaqHHaFoT ToqHo c

cepeAuHbr creHbr

BnpaBo r.r BJreBo, crporo co6.flrcAaq

pa3lvleqeHHoe pacrroJlo-

xa

gpo0ne

vuc-

m0ec

no/t8

Pnc. 184.

O6auuonxa

creu rrJu.rrxaNru

c

yxna4xort rIoA

Hrr)KHnfi p"a

[o.TAep-

xaearcu1eii

pelixn

I

$

97. O6nuqolrco Kepatu.uqecvutwu

n/turKa.uu

cret u no/Loa

i*(eHple

KalKAofi nJrurrKH,

a raKx(e

BeprHKaJlbHocrb

tuBoB

B KaX(AONI

pflry.

3are:vt

cHHMalor

MaflI{Hbte

nJIHTKH, Tlr{areJrbHo

or{HularcT

rHIIcoBbIfi

pacreop

a

Ha 3TO MeCTO

yCTaHaBJIHBanr

nOCTOflHHyTO

IJII{TKy

Ha

qeMeHTHOM

paCTBO-

pe

fiilH

MacrHKe, rlpl,IMeHflenaofi

npa

o6.unqonxe

cTeH. funcoBrrri

pacTBop,

KoropblM

6lt.na npHI(penJIeHa

K creHe MaflsHafl

rrJrr{Txa,

seo6xoAl.rno

yAa-

JII'ITb,

TaK KaK

rIpH

yBJIax(HeHHH

oH

yBeJIHrrHBaeTcfl

s

o6teN{e,

qro

r\{o}Ker

'ilpHBecrH

K

BbrnyqnBaHuro ycraHoBJreHuorf

rrJrHTKH.

Bo_ntopoM

I{ nocJIeAyIoIrIHx

rro Bbrcore pflAax

cHaqaJra

ycraHaBJrHBa-

'or

xpaftnHe

n.lIHTKu.

Ens,

npoBepKn

BepruxaJrbHocrr.r

Hx JrnqeBolt

noeepx-

Hocrt4

noJlb3ylorcff

BepxHI,IMH MaflqHbIMu

nJrr4TKaMH

u xpafiuuMu

nJrHTKarvrH

sH)KHefo

PfrLa.

lloc.ne

ycraHoBKIa

xpatiuzx

nJrHToK

HarflraBaroT

rxHyp

Ha

-vpoBHe

HX BepxHeri rpanu

r{

3areM

cra-

BfT

nJTHTKH

BTOpO|O 14 nOCJreAyrOUIHx

pfAoB,

ABHfaflcb

or

oAHoro

Kpafl x

Apy-

foMy

r{ cJreAs

3a

coBiiaAeHHeM

BepTH-

{iaJrbHbrx

Pfl,qoe

Bo Bcex

nJrHTKax Ka}K-

ACro

Pr.qa.

Oreecuocft sHnonHeHfiori

o6.[Hqoexn

creHbr

H

ee

poBHocrb

no-

crorr{Ho

rrpoBepsrcr

npaefinoM,

ypoBHeM

{,I BCCKOM.

O6.rrnqoexy

trpHMbrKanuli{x

creH

Bbrno.flHflroT

B

TOM

X(e

nopflAKe, HO

OAHO-

speMeHHO

C

pqAOeHMH

TTJTUTKaMH

yCTa-

aaBJrHBaroT

r.r

yrJIoBbIe

SacoHHbre,

a raK-

)Ke

r.{ HenoJrHoMepHbre

(uacrn) nJrr4TKr.r,

ecJIH

pa3Mepbr

cTeHbr

He

AonycKaroT

yc-

TaHoBKH r{eJloro

rIHcJIa.

HenonHouepHbre

'ilnHTKu

ycraHaBJruBaroT

Mex<Ay

xpafiHu-

MH

rIeJrbrMH

H

yrJroBbrMlr

QacouHuuH

{rJ[rTKaMr.I

CHMMeTpHqHO

Ha

Ka}KAOM

i(oHue

cTeHbr.

flpn

6o.ntrxax rJrotqaAnx

noBepxHo-

creft

creH BMecro nouryqHofi

oSnl.rqoe-

l:::.tt5'o6nHtlosxa

creH

c no-

.KH

nJrr.rrKaMr{

rrp'MeHqroT

oo""""nflia-

r\tollrblo

ma6roua ag 12 n'nnrox

aoAr{TeJrbHyro

H eQQexrunHyro

rexHoJro-

crrc

c

EcrroJrb3oBaHneM

rua6.nouon

(psc.

l85).

LUa6noH

npeAcraBnqer

co6ofi xectxyrc

paMy

H3

AepeBflHHbrx

peeK

r.r

flonepel{Hblx

Kpene)I(Hbrx

6pycxoe.

Tpn

cropoHbr

paMbr

o6runearcT

rroJroco-

aoll

crartro

30

X2

tvtu

c raKHM

pacqerolu,

uro6u

noJrocbr Bbrcry[aJrH

Han

rlJlocKocrblo

paMbl

sa

7-8

nn.

C

o6patrorl

cropoHbr

rua6"uoua

lrpuKpenafl-

^ior

ABe

pyrrKv.

B sasucuMocrrz oT

pa3Mepon

o6nurroBbrBaeMofi

creHul

fia6-

roHbr

AeJraror

sa

12, 16,

20 nJrr.rroK

H

.4ax(e

na

32

nilHTKH.

flo

AausbrNr

KoM6HHara

Kaparau,uauraxrocrpofi,

acnoJrb3oBaHue

raKHX

.rua6"rronoB

noBbrrxaer

npoH3BoAfiTeJrbHocrb

rpyAa

o6nurrosquKoB

B

2,5-

3

pasa.

Hactunxv

nJIHToqHbIx

noJIoB

nDoLI3BotrET

TaKMe rocJle rnernanplTeJ:rh-

I

--

"r-4"*r

,FIOLI

nOATOTOBKLI

H BbIBepKH

IOpI{3OHTaJTbHOCTH

HJLH

3aAaHHOrO

Vr(JrOHa

rrOA-

cruJlaloulero

cJlos rIpH

Aocratoquoti

ero roJrulnHe,

nocJre

qero

ycraHaB.[H-

BarcT

fl

oTMeqalor

noBepxHocrb

nJIHToqHoro

noKpbrrnn-

Oruerxy

sroft

no-

tsepxHocrH

BbrHocflT

npu

[oMouIH

HHBeJrr.rpa

B

BHAe

yc.noauofi

qeprbr,

npoBo-

lIamofi

Ha 1000 nivt

BbIIrIe ypoBHfl

noKpbITHr

Ha

Bcex

creHax

rroMeureHHfl.

ffoc.ne

groro

npHcrynapr

x

pas6HBKe

[oBep.xHocru

floKpbrrafl

fioJra

B

coorBercrBHr.r

c ero

pucyHKoM,

HaqHHaff pas6unxy

c BbrBepKH

npffMoyfoJrb-

T

331^i?[' -',',: :

: - : *:. :i]:^Ti"i

1T. .y : I r :

?

^{LT: l.',

ilr

.

n!

1

I :.?

-

257

Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.