Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений

f

tzaea IX.

Ceadnote

u

6epeeogKpenure/tbnwe

pa6oru

ruerl

Aalr(e

rrpu

orcyrcrBur.r

rpyHToBblx

BoA.

flputr,teHax

craJlbHolt

usyuT,

MOX{HO OTpbrBaTb

TpaHIUeH

C

BepTHKaJIbHbIMH

CTeHKaMLI,

He Onacagcb

pa3-

pyrueHl{s

coceAHux

3AaHHfi

LI

noAseMHblx

coopyxenurt

Aaxd

rrpu

rny6oxnx

Tpanrrreflx,

AHo

Koropbrx

Moxer

6um

3HaqHTeJIbHo HI,IlKe

noAoIuBbI

SFtaa-

Mesra

H ocnoBanr.rfi

-srux

sLa:euir a

cobpyxcenufi. Bo

usorux

cnyqasx'

npu-

MeHeHHe

craJrbuoro

run5firra

AJrrr

orpaxAeHut

crenoK tpauurefi

Aaer

3IIaqH-

TenbHoe

cHr{>KeHEe

cror.rMocTu

paepa6orKH

I{

SacbInKH

no

cpaBHeHHIo c rpaH-

uIe.rIMI{,

orpbrBaeMbrMu

B cyxux

HJrI4 ocyueuHblx

rpyHTax

c

orKocaMn

6es

KpenneHnfl

creHoK.

3ro

cHHlKeHHe

crouMocru elqe 6o.nee aQQexrznuo

IIpH

Pdc- 107.

flepe4auxsafl

ycraHoBXa

Ar:Ir

orHeeofi

pe3Kkl

csafr

c

-

cxeMa

pa6oru

J'craHoBKH;

6

-

nopaAox orHeaofi

pe3KH

cBafi

.Ilo

apMarypbl: /

-

eraxocrb

Ant

roprcqero: 2

-

euxoctr

Aas

oxtaxAalou{efi

Boabt: 3

-

o6oaosxa s

paMna

6ataonos

co

cxa'

TbIM Bo3Ayxox

HnH

a3oroM;

4

-

HacocH; 5

-

6alaonu co

crrarblM Bo3AyxoM HJIII a3oroM;

6

-

repuo6yp;

7

-

peara

caaH

H

yAaJreHHe

cpesaunoft

racru;

8

-

6ypenHe

urfiypa

B

6eroHe;

9

-

cBafl

c

osHuleHHofi

apuarypoft

npr.rr\reHeHltH

]\{eTaJrJrfir{ecKrrx

mnyHToBblx

orpa)KAeHHfi IIpH

pa3pa6oTKe

TpaH-

ueH B

rpyHTax

c rpyHToBblMH

BoAaMH.

VctpofictBo

lunyHToBbtx

orpa)I{AeHHIi

Halrunaercfl

c

ga6HBKH

Marrrnbrx

cBafi,

K

KoropblM

[pHKpenJlslorcfl HanpaBJrsrolqHe, npeAynpexAaroulrre

Hc-

KpHBJIeHLIe

B

nJIaHe

IunyHTOBOTO

pflAa

B

npoqecce

3a6HBKH.

MasqHrre

cBari

'

sa1P.Baror

Bo Bcex

yrnax

orpaxAeHHfl, a Ha npsMbrx

yqacrKax

-Ha

paccros-

HLIU

3-5 .ilt

otrHa

or

Apyroft.

B

eaeHcnMocrn

or

roJrrrl[Hbr

urnyHTa MaqqHbre

cBaH

pacnoJlaralorcfl,

LritLr

Me)KAy HaflpaB"Irgrorr{HMH,

fiJrH

c6oKy

or Hrrx.

3a-

r58

r-

t

I

tr

t

/IuHun

pesru

oeHe-

cmpydnoi

eopenrat

$

56.

fiPouseodcreo

u

nPo"t\n@

159

6HCXa

AepeBsHHOrO

nlnyHTa npoH3BOAHTCfl

rp-e6HeM

BnepeA;

IInoTHoCTb

COe-

AHHeHHfl

urnyHirEu

o6ecne.I'siercs

flpuxaTlieM-BepxHeIi

qactu

unyHTHHbI

K

paHee

galaroft

npfi

noMoIIIH

KJIHHa,

a

nuxuefi

'IactH

-

cnelIHaJIbIIoiI

3a-

tecrofi

H'rxHr,rx

KoHqoB

[rnyHTHH,

KOTOpas

o6ecne'rfisaer

llpflxarlre

rpyHToM

Kax(Aofi

'3a6I'IBaeMoil

unyutllHbl

K

paHee

3aouroH'

3a6usxa

rueTaflflHqecKoro

urriynta

Bce1o

Orpaxpeg4g

[pOH3EoAHTcq

TaKXe

c

ilpeABapLITeJIbHOft

ycTaHoBKOfi

Uanpae.nfiIoulux'

a

nJIOTHOCTb

Mex(Ay

ru TTyHTLIH

a

U

u o

6'ecneqHB

a

ercfi

KoH

CTp

yKqH

efi

runyHTI4H'

-"'

Iiil;u6""*a

AJTHHHOTO

Mera.rrJrr,rrrecKoro

urvHTa

KpOMe

ocHoBHbIx

Ha-

npaBJIflIoillLIx

ycTaHaBanBaIoT

Ao[oJIHHTeJIbHble

cxBaiKI'I'

IIps

3a6EBKe

rxnyHTOBbIx

OIpaIKAeHI'Ifi

TaK>Ke

BeAeTcfl

)KypHaJI'CBaiIHbIX

pa6oT'

flocne

uc-

noJrb3oBaHun

runyutoBble

orpall(Aegvfl,

pas6upaloT

flpu

noMolllu

Tex

>Ke

Kpa-

no"-"

u"6ponorpyxaTeJleH

c

HanpaB.rr-euueu

yctl[rnfl'

B

o6paTHyro

cTopoHy'

B

HeKoropbri

cnyqaflx

npHxoAr{rcrr

cpe3arb

cBaH

H

lunyHrot:t^1o--il:5.-

aanr".

3ra

cpesra

npol{sBOAI{TCf

KaK

BbIUe

ypoBHff

BOAbI'

TaK

H

IIOA

BOAOH'

,[,"pa""r"bre

cBar{

H

IIInyHTOBbIe

orpax{AeHl{fl

Cpe3aioTcfl

qHpKyJIbHbIMI{

nn-

jIaMi4HJII,Ic[eq[aJIbHbIMHIIHJIaMHcngenuaTl{I{ecKHlvlnpIrBoAoM,aMeTaJI-

JII{qECKHC

-

ABTOTEHOM.

Ha

pHc.

|07,

a

noKa3aHa

nep_eABl{x(Hafl

ycTaHoBKa

Aflf

oTpe3KH

KoHuoB

xieJre3o6'eronnr*

."ut

orHecTpyfiHblMl{

ropeflKaMH

paKeTHOIO

THna'

B

ga-

Br.rcHMocrH

or

ceqeH

uf

cBafi

u

pacnolo)KeHnf

apMarypbl

pe3Ka

npoII3BOAI'1T-

cfl

pa3HbrMr4

cnoco6aMr.r:

peSKa

c

AsYx

npoTHBOIIOJIOIKHbIX

CTOpOH

'[O

MeCTa

3aflo)I(eHl,IflapI\,IaTypblI,Ipe3KaapMlTygyc-qeTblpexytJIoBcBaucnpoxoA-

xoft

runypoB

Ao

apMarypbr

(pHc:

107,6).

Eerou,

-Harperblfi

npH

oTIIeBOIII

6ypenuri,'TepfieT

npouuocrb

!I

JIerKo

y1aJlfleTcs

ot6oftttutvtu

MoJIoTKaMH'

oT-

AeJIflflCb

or

apMarypbl.

Buecro

or6ofiuux

MojrorKoB

MolKIIo

B3pblBarb

He6orbulofi

sapr4

BB,

saKJIaAbIBaeMbIft

B

Ilrflyp,

KoTopblft

[po6yp]IBaercs

B

6eToHe

cBali'

fio.n.

p.,Kn r4

oroJleHun

apuaryplr

-lra

cBaflx

Ivto)KeT

6url

cAena'

po-

crBepK,

noJIOXeHbI

6anxw

unl4

IIJIHTbI'

^--..,^e. a, a, ^n,

---'hpn

ycrpoficrBe

runynroBbrx

orpaxAenHfl

rpaHixefi

I{

KorJIoBaHoB

rlo-

\

crosnHo

flpoBepqroTcq

coOTBeTcTBI4e

IIpoeKTy

[OJIoX{eHI'Ifl

Ka)KAOfi

unyHTpI-

\H' n

[JraHe

tr

ee

HanpaBJIeHHe

nO

BepiHKanI{.

BcsKoe

OTKJIOHeHI'Ie

B

[JIaHe

x;;"";";;o"r"*un" Aonx(Ho

HeMeArreHHo

HcrpaBJrsrbcff

B

npouecce

3a6HBKH,

;V; ori,oraru"r{

Bo3Mo}Krrocru

HcnpaBJreurrn

IIInyHTI{IIa

BblAeprHBaercfl

r

Ju'O""uai."

tuto"o.

f;ry6r4H

a

ga6vBKu

TaPKe

AoJIxGa

ToqHo

cooTBeTcTBo-

;*.I-;G*iy,

u"o

npoBepsercfl

ro

noMerKaM'

HaHeceHHbIM

Ha

cBalo

Io

ee

SaoHEKrr'

oo ^Tn^.^ 'pn6xo

)Barb

KaqecrBo

cBafiHblx

pa-

Efie

6o.rree

crporo

seo6xoAt'tMo

KoHTpoJII'Ipc

6Or,

xOrA

a

CBAV,

ffBJIsIOTCfi

.OCHOBaHI4SM

IIOA

COOpylKeHHe

H O6eCneqUBaIOT

eio'ycrofiquBocrb

LI

Ha4e)KHocrb

pa6orbl flpu

eKcnnyaralll{H'

b"snAe"enscrsoba'r{e

cBafiHoro

coopyxeHl{fl

HarII'IHaeTcfl

c

npoBepK'

cooTBeTcTBLrf

npoeKTy

pacnololKeHuq

cBafi,

a

TaKXe

I'IX

KOHTpOJIbHbIX

HC-

nbrTaHHft n""u*"uacxoir

H cTaTLIqeCKOfi

Harpy3KaMH.-

KOstpo'ttbHble

Hcnbl-

iui^

cnaft

npou3BoArrcfi

B

coorBercrB'Ilt

c

pOCT

5681-57.

flpn

npubMKe

cBafiHblx

coopy>Ke'Irft

flpeAbflBJlflercf

AoKyMeHrallufl'

Ko-

TOpafl

AoJIXHa

COAeplKaTb:

_

-r

a)'

aKTbr

reoAe3'r{ecKofi

pa36r4B*tr

cBaftHblx

coopy}KeHI'IH;

6\

AaHHbre

o

pe3yJrbrarax

reoJrorEqecKllx

ll

rHAporeoJlorHr{ecKHx

Hc-

cJreAoBaHHfi

U O6

afpeccl{BHocrl{

rpyHToBblx

BOA;

-

"l

p$yJrbrarbr

HcrrbrraHr.rfi

MarepHaJIoB,

npHMeHeHHbIX

AJIfl

I{STOTOBJIe-

uun

cnifi,.

r't

axrnt

nplreMKu

cBaft

Ao

ux

[orpyxeuufi;

r)

xypHaJI

npor3BoAcrBa

cBaIlHbIx

pa6or'

fip".nn'*a

oQopru.taercq

aKToM,

B KOTOp9M

yKa3bIBaIoT

BCe

AeQeKTbI,

Bbl-

flBJreHIIbIe

npu

npI{eMKe,

MeroAbI

I{

CpOKH

UX

ycrpaHeHHfl'

160

I'naea

IX. Coadnwe

u

iepezoVKpenure,nbruote

pa1orot

s

57.

KPEnJTEHHE

EEPETOB

H

AHA

flp

n

ycrpofi

cree

BoAo rIpHeMH

blx coopy>KeH

Hit,

nilor

uH,

3 arrrHTH brx

AaM

6,

KaHa.IIOB,

OCyIXHTeJIbHbIX KaIIaB

Ha nOJIfiX

OpOrUeHHfl,

BbrnycKoB

orrHilIeHHbrx

nd^rrYrr ^^4^--- --

cio'{iiblx

BoA

nplixoAlircfr

npoiisBoAtirb

paoorbi

no yKpe[JreHHro

orKocoB,

6e-

peroB

H

pycJr

uJrrl

AHa

orKpblTblx

BoAoeMoB

c

uenbFo

npeAoxpaHeHHs

Hx

or

paSpylrreHHfl

ABr{rKyqeficfi

BoAoft,

BoJrHaMH,

nbAou

u r.

A.

Tguu

fl

xapaiTep

Kpeflnenafi

saBHcsT

or

orlepraHux

6eperoB

B

nJraHe,

HanpaBteE?Ifl

H CKOpOCTH

TeqeHHff

BOAbr, r.rHTeHCflBHOCTr,r

neAoxoAa

I4 HanpaB-

JIeHHg

ABH>KeHHs.

JIbEHH,

aMnJIIITyAu

xo.ne6aHuff

ropl{3oHTa

BoAbr,

caJrbrBer-

pa

fi

BOJIHel;.lair,

BHAa rpyHToB,

cJlaraloulax

AHo

lr

orxocrr

6epera

HJrH

rIJIo-

TI{}IbI.

B sasncuMocra

or

nepeqHcJleuHblx

ycnonlu?

Kpe[JreHHr

Mox<Ho

rroApa3-

AeJrLrTb

Ha Tpr{ ocHoBHbrx

BuAa:

I

)

KpenJreHur

orKocoB, pacnonolr(enubrx

Bbrilre

ropn3oHTa

BoAbr

rr

noA-

BepxeHHbrx

roJrbKo arnroc$epHbrl{

BosAeficreusu

(AoxAs,

Berpa,

uoposa),

nplr

HaJrHrrHH

rpyHToBbrx

.nu6o

,u,peHHpyeMbrx

BoA

c no.nefi

oporueunn

unn

Snnrrpauuu;

2) Kpe[JIeHHff

orKocoB,

HaxoAflIrlnxcfl

B [peAeJrax

xo.ne6asufl

ropg3oH-

Ta BoAbI

I{

[oABep]KeHHbIx

KpoI\Ie

lepevnc,reHHbrx

Qaxropoe

raxxe

eu{e

H

Aetictsulo

noroKa

Bo4bt,

Jrb4a,

BoJIH;

.3)

KpenJIeHHn

TIoABoAHbIX

orKocoB

r.r

AHa,

Koropbre

He noABeplKegbr

ar-

uocQepuuM

eoaAellcrBusM,

Ho

Moryr

noABeprarbcfl

pa3pyrrreHnro

6ucrp16r

TeqeHr.reM

BoAbr,

oco6enso B nep?roAbr

[aBoAKoB.

o4epnonxa.

.{.rra

xpenJleHrlff

HaABoAHbrx

oTKocoB

B

3aBl{cuMocrr{

or

HX

Bbrcorbr,

KoJrHqecrBa

arruocQepHbrx

ocaAKoB

r.r BHAa

rpyHTa

npgMegsror

I'UIH

SaceB

IIoBepxHocrH

orKocoB TpaBar\{u,

AarouItrMLI

nnornuft

AepH

(rn-

naoQeenxa,

KJreBep,

JrroqepHa

s

1.

A.)

,

rrnr

oAepHoBKy

(cn.rroruuyro

lrJrrr

n xnerxy).

oAepHoBKy

AeJraror

cnJrorrruyrc,

HHorAa

c nocaAKofi

vepenroe

HBbr, paKr{_

TbI,

JIOSbI.

Moulenue.

flpu

MHoroKparHbrx

ex{eroAHbrx

rone6asuffx

ropH3oHTa

Bo_

AbI

I{ nosAefictBHg

JIbAa

AJIfi

yI(penJIeHLIq

orKocoB

yKJraAbrBarcr

KaMeHb

no

noAcrIlJIaIouIeMy

cJIoIo

tts

Ue6Hs

HJIH

rpaBns

roJrulaHori

l5-25

cu.

Hasua-

eEtrl{e

erofo

cJIofl

-

npengTcTBOBaTb

BbIHOCy

rpyHTa

I{S-noA

cJIOff KaMHq

IIOA

Aertcrsuel.r

BeruHero

noroKa

BoAbr

(sacacrrnasr.r-e

qacrrlu

rpyura)

HJrrr

rpyH-

ToBbIx

no4

(HenocpeAcrBeHuufi

pasruun);

eror c"'lorl

sn.[qbicq

iaxxe

npoq-

HblM

ocHoBaHHeM

AJrfl

OAe)KAbr

oTKOCa.

B

uexoropbrx

coopyx(eHuqx

(n.noruuax,

HanopHbrx

4anr6ax)

floAcrrr-

.narculuti

c.nolt

cnyx(xT

AJrr

yren.lreHgff

orKoca

rr

npeAynpex(AeHgfl

ryr{eHgfl

rpyuTa

(r.nnHucroro),

noanro)KHoro

npH

npoMep3aHr.ru.

$

57.

Kpewteuue

6epeeoe u dna

I(aueHn, npuMeHflen4Hft

A.[q

KpenJreHr.rfl,

AoJrx(eu

6urs

Mopo3o-

H BoAo-

ycrofiuuuur{

H HeBbrBerpuBarcIqul\{cfl.

flpu

yxpenJIeHHH

HacbrnHbrx

orKocoB

rpyHT

Heo6xoAaMo

xopouo

ynJlorHflrb

Bo ug6exaHne npocaAox

u

paccrpofi-

cTBa

KpenJreHHfi.

Eeronsule suIHKH.

,{.rrn

xpenJreHarr

BepxoBoro orKoca

,u,an,t6rr

t{epeno-

BCIIKO|O

TfiAPOY3fiA IIPHMCHCHA

3AIIIHTA OT

PA3MbIBA

NPH KPYNHOM

BOJIHCHHH

B BHAe

JIerKoapMHpoBaHHbrx

6eroHuux

rulraKoB (pnc.

108) Ha

4eyxcnofiuou

Pnc.

108. O6qaft eul KperrJIeHHfl

oTKOCOB

KAMH

KaHaJIa

6erouHuua su{u-

Puc. 109.

[,era.nu

KpettneHnff

orKoca

KaHaJra

I

-

6eronnrte

fluurKH, sanoJrnetEhle KaMIreM; 2

-

6eronnufi

sv6; 3-necvano-rpaaafinax

clrecr;

4

-

rpaBHft orcoprltpoBaHHltfi; 5-

necqaHsrfi

orxoc;

6- [epeMeHHbtfi'pasnrep

Qu.rrrrpe

(puc.

109).

3ru

sulnxu

pasMepoM

l,sx

I

,5x0,4

n

c

ro.uurunofi

cre_HoK l0

cn

yro)KeHbl

B

lxaxMarHoM rl_opflAKe

Ha

orKoce

no

necrraHo-rpa-

nufiuotvly_cJIoIo

LI

3arIoJIHeHbr

KaMHeM.

VcraHoera

flrrltrKoB

npongBoALrqracb

KpaHoM.

KanreHl

B flrrlvrnLr

rIocJIe

I{x

ycraHoBKH

Ha

Mecro

noAaBaJrcs

s

6antfl.x

Tel\IH )Ke I(paHawu

nu6o

no

AepeBflHHbIM

JIorKaM,

o6ruuruu

MeTaJrJrr.rqecKHMH

!'IHCTaMII.

Eerosunrfi ynopusrfi

sy6

n snxnefi

qacrn

oTKoca

BbrrroJrHeH

Hg

n,roHoJrr.rrHoro

6eroua,

Ho

ero

Mox(Ho

AeJrarb

n

us

c6opHbrx

xeJreeo6eroHHrtx

6.[oxos.

Xeueso6eroHHbre

nJrnrbr.

Ha

conpeMeHHbrx

ruAporexHur{ecKux

coopy-

X(CHHSX-KAHAJIAX,

IJIOTHHAX,

4AU6AX

H T.

A.-AJIfl

KPCAJIEHHff

OTKOCOB

n-26

l6l

162

laaaa IX. Ceailnwe

u

fepeeollfipenuretbHoie

pa6orot

IIpfiMeHgIoT

xeJle3o6erougue

IIJIHTbI,

qro

He

roJIbKo

no3BoJlfler rxllpoKo

trc-

rroJrb3oBarb cpeAcrBa

MexaHH3at\krw,

Ho

H

pe3Ko

coKpaqaer

sHrbrpaIIHro

Bo-

Abr

rrepe3

rloKpbrTrre

oTKocoB

KaHaJIOB,

BeAylrlyrc

K 6ofibilrHM nOTeprIM

BoAbr

npH ee

ABr{}KeHr{H

no

KaHafiy.

Tar,

Ha

KaHaJIe

CeeepHi,ifi

Aoireii

-[oH6acc,

rrocrpoeurroM

AJrfl

cHa6x{eHl{q

B ocHoBHoM

nllTbenofi

noAofi 3arIaAHbIX

rr roro-

sanaAHbIX

pafioHoB

,[[,ou6acca,

Ha

riporfl)KeHl'In 15 rcn

AHo

H orKocbl noKpbl-

TbI xeJre3o6erougtIMu

nJIHTaMH.

Kpen.nenue

noABoAHbIx

orKocoB Bo

us6e>;r.aHre ycrpoficrBa

cneqna,rrb-

Hbrx

nepeMbrrreK,

Heo6xoAuMblx

npu

yKJIaAKe

KaMHff,

npon3BoAqr

xaMeHHoii

Ha6pocxo:ir

u

rrcSrKaMH

-

QaUnHHbIMH

Ir xBopocrrHblMu.

Kauenuas

Ha6pocxa

npuMeHffercfl

TaKlKe

AJrs

ycrpoficrna

noA soAofi

yfiopubrx

npH3M H

Arrfr

conpflxeuurfl. HaABoAHoro KpenJreHufi

c rnQaxamu.

Kpynnocrb

KaMHfl

A.na

Ha6pocKr{ Ha3Harlaercfl

B

3aBHcHMocrH

or

cKopocrr.r

TerreHufl

I,I JreAoBbrx

ycronufi.

Eo.rree ue.rrxufi KaMeHb HcrroJrb3yercn

Arrfl,

Hr.rx(-

Hrax

cJIoeB

ua6pocxt't.

Kpen.neHae

SaruvuublMn

H xBopocrflHbrMr,r

rrcSaxauu npor{3BoAflr B

}re-

crnocrnx,

rAe

ecrb

xBopocr

HBoBbrx

nopoA,

Aarculurl

ru6xue

H npoqHbre

rrpyrbfl

sHaquTeJrbnofi

A.uusrt.

OcnonHbr\ru aJreMeHTaun

rroQnxoB

flBJrflrorcrr

npyrflHbre KaHarbr,

Saruuuu

u xBopocr.

llpyrrHure

KaHarbr

AeJraroT

npousnornuofi

AJrr{Hbr, AHaMerpoM

l0-

14

cu Hg

roHKofo

xBopocra c

llepeBsgrofi

qepe3

20 cu rlBoBbiMH

BHrraMr{.

[.rra

nuu 6epercn tosxufi

HeosrIll xBopocr

6eg

sereefr.

Bpru.u

npr]

Bfi3Ke

cKpyqrrBaroT.

Oarunnu

6rtsarcr

oAHoKoMeJIbHbIe,

AByxKoMeJrbHbre

r{ Tflxiejrbre.

OAsoxoueJlbHble

$aruuurt

npeAcraBJlfilor

co6ofi

[yqKH

xBopocra

roJr-

lll,uuoft 25-30

clr'a,

cBflsaHHble

KoMd'IflMI{

B

oAHy cropoHy.

fnrana

lrx

6Heaer

or

2

Ao

2,75 n.

fl,nyxxovreJlbHble

orJlnqalorcfl

or

rrepBbrx

reM,

rrro

KoMJrr'r

xBopocTa

yJIox<eHbI

B o6a

KoHIIa

QauuHlt.

,[,auHy

Hx

rrprrHHMaroT

4-4,5 tt.

B rsxenux

SaruuHax

BHyrpb

AByxKoMe.ntuofi

Qaruuunr

KJraAyr

KaMeHb

AJrr

Jryquero fiorpyxeufifl,

yrx

B

BoAy.

.(,aarrlerp

vx o6uqso

cocraBJrRer

or

0,7

Aoln.

OAuoxoueJrbHbre

QaurnHnr

ilpuMeHsroT

Arfl

Bfl3KH rrc$nxon,

AByxKo-

MeJrbHbre

H TflxeJrbre-HenocpeAcrBeHHo

AJrfl

KpenneHurr

6eperoe

v

AHa

peKH

fJIaBIIbIM

o6pasonr B Tex cJlyqaflx,

KorAa

Bfi3Ka

H onycKauae

flo$nxoe

saTpyAHHTeJrbHbr

lr3-3a r{x

rpoMo3AKocTr{.

(Daruauuoe

Kpe[JIeHHe

rBtflercfl

AerrreBbrM

a HaAex(Hbrtu

cnoco6oM

npe-

AoxpaHeHprfi

[oABoAHbrx

orKocoB H

AHa

peKr{

or

pa3MbrBa.

Eo.nnnrunr

npe-

uMyulecrBou

QaruuH

ffBJIffIorcs ru6xocrb

H cnoco6uocrb

npilHuMarb

or{ep-

TaHHfl noKpblBaeuofi

utvtn

noBepxHocru.

Kpol,re

roro,

$aruuuuue

pa6orsr

ue

rpe6ynr rnanu$uqupoBaHnofi

pa6oueri

cr.rJrbr.

B oco6o

orBeTcrBeHHbIX cflylraflx

HJ;H npn rfl>KeJrbrx

JreAoBbrx

H rr4Apo-

reoJlotuqecKllx ycJloBprflx

npuMeHfltor

6o.nee

MoulHbre

r,r

Aoporocrorulae

rH-

nbl KpelJleuua

6eperoe.

K

HHM orHocflTcs: sa6ueKa

crrJrorrrHbrx

rxnynToBbrx

PflAon

y

[oAHo)KI4fl

orKoca,

noKpbITHe

orKocoB xe.[eso6eroHHbrrlru

nJrr.rraMri

c noAcrnnaloql.rM

cJroeM

B

BHAe

o6paruoro

Qn.ntrpa

H, HaKoHeu,

ycrpoftcreo

noAnopHblx creHoK-

fre"rreeo6eroHHble

.nJrHTbr IIpHMeHffJrprcb

AJrr

noBbr[reHr.rr

BoAoHeIIpOIIHIIaeMocTH

AHa

H

oTKocoB KaHaila

Ceeepuuft

,I[,oHeU

-,[lori6acc,

rr^^- f/__--^--^-^

r\apa-^yMcKutu,

a

'r'aKxe

APyrHx

KaHaJIoB

Ha

opocHTeJIbHbIx

clicTeMax

Ha-

ureft

crpauu.

s

58.

yCTPOHCTBO

nEPEMbTqEK

flepeuuuxa

ycrpauBarorcs

c

rreJrbro

orpa)KAeHHfl

or

BoAbr coopyxenafi

Ha BpeMfl

r{x crpor4TeJrbcrBa, Bo3BoAHMbrx

B BoAoeMax

(uanpulrep, BoAotrpn-

eMHbrx

coopy)KeHufi unn

4rcrepon).

$

58. Ucrpoilcreo

tlepeiluqeK

B npaxrure

crpor4TeJrbcrBa

Han6o.lee

qacro

Bcrper{alorcfl

lepeMbrrrKli

3errJrflHbre,

[rrryHToBue

(oAuoprAHbie

II

AByxpflAHue)

z

ptI]KeBbIe.

3eu,rsume

nepeMbrrrr(H

npeAcraBJrrloT

co6oft sellnqHoft

BaJr

c

noJrorHrurr

orKocarvilr,

Koropbre

o6paeyrorcs npH

orcblnKe

rpyHTa B BoAy. LIInpuHa

rrepe-

IrbrqKr{

rroBepxy

rrpnHuMaercfl He MeHee

I

z.

Otxocbl nepeMblqKLI rrpa

3Ha-

qrireJrbHbrx

cKopocrtx

TeqeHl{ff

BoAbr

yKperlJlflIotcn

QaurnHaMH.

Bc.neAcrene

6o.ntruofi

uHpprHbl

ttoHngy

BeMJIflHbre nepeMbrtlKn

3Har{HTeJIbHo crecHflroT

}Kr.r-

Boe

ceseHr{e

peKH.

Qr.r,urrpauufl

BoAbr cKBo3b

3eMJIflHbIe nepeMblqKH

6orruras

BcJreAcrBrre orcyrcrBuq

[InyHra. Vras aHHbre o6croqrerbcrBa orp aHHqHB aror

n

pHr\{eHeHue

3eMfl

qHblx

nepeMbIrIeI(.

Pnc. 110.

Pnxeeafl nepet\rblqKa

OAHopsAsar

rufiyHToBafi

rrepeMblrlKa

[peAcraBrqeT

co6oli

oAnno.rHmfi

ttrfiyrrroBbrft

p"a

c

3eMJrflHoft

orcunxoft co

cropoHbl BoAbI,

AByxpffAHafl

nepe-

tlibrrrKa

:

ABa

napaJrJreJrbHblx

[InyHToBbIx

psAa

c

gacltnxoft

rue)KAy HLrMr{

rpyrrra.

Paanrepu

flepeMbrrreK 3aBucflT or

Harlopa BoAbI.

llpe4e.rrlHafl

r.,-ry6rr-

Ha BoAbr,

npl{

Koropoft

soslro}KHo

ycrpofictso

raKax

nepeMbll{eK,

npr{Hr{r\{a-

ercfl

H3

ycJroBr{fl

flporrHocru

IunyHToBbIx

pflAoe

u

yctofiuuBocTrl

Tena nepe-

MbrsKH.

fpyHr

AJrfl

3acbrnKr-r

rrpHHrIMaIor BoAoHerrpoHl{Iraeruuir

-

cyrnaHoK

r.rJru

rJrr.rHy.

Jlyuure npllMerlflrb

Mqryro TJIHHy

I,IJIH

cyrJluuox.

B rJrr.rHy

peKo-

rvreHAyercs

\o6asnflTb

necoK, TaK KaK npu

HacbIureHI,Iu

noAofi

oHa nJroxo

yrrrorHflercfl.,

a

npu BbrcbrxatLrv

pacrpecKuBaercfl.

Arq

orcHnKH

nepeMbrqxa

Epr{roAeu

u

necoK,

Ho

ToJrbKo ue.nxufi, npurreM lxHprrny

nepeMbrqKn

B sroru

cfiyqae cJreAyeT

yBeJIHqHBaTb.

Pqx<esHe flepeMbrrrKu

(puc.

I l0)

o6uqHo [puMeHflroT

B ToM cJryqae,

KorAa rpyHT

AHa

BoAoeMa

He

AonycKaer

ga6usxz

csaft u unyHToB.

Ho uuor-

La

HX

yCTpaHBarOT

OAHOBpeMeHHO

CO

IxrryHTOBbrMr.r

OrpaX(AeHHflMH-

.

PsxH

lreJrecoo6paaHo

ycrpaHBarb

raM, r,(e rpe6yercfl

rroBbrrrreguaff yc-

rofi

.rusocrb

nepeMbrqeK.

Ps>reerle

nepeMbII{KH cocrorr

us 6peneuqarbrx

pRxeli, pagAeJreHHbrx

Ha

K.rreTKH

(nu1uxn,

6auwu) o6nrqHo

pa3rvreporu

2)(2 tu,

c

AHHuIeM

ne

6peseu nnn

nJlacruH.

Knerxn

3arpyxarcT KaMHeM.

nnF_

AocrHx{eHHfl

BoAoHenpoHHrlae-

MOCTH

IIepeMbrqKH

AeJIaIOT

AS

AByX

napa",lJl9r'rbHbrx

nUUUit

pn>rer?,

flpoMe-

x(yroK

IvIelKAy

l{oropbrMH

3acbrrraror rpyHToM.

PqxH

o6uruearcT

c

BHyrpeH-

Heft

cropoHbr

AocKauvr,

a

ecJrn rpyHT

AHa

BoAoeMa

MRrxHfi, To sa6usaror

tililylrrbl,

Koropble

npllKpenJrflror

K

pflxail{

6o.nraun

qepeg

MaflqHbre

cBaH.

B sexoropbrx

cryqasx un)/Hr

eaSHearaT

BrrepeAri

pRxeli,

a

ilepeA

Hr{r,r

AeJraroT

oTcbrnKy rpyHT'a.

Psxpr

[plIMeHflIoT

He

roJrbKo

AJrfl

ycrpoficrea

nepeMbrr{eK,

Ho H

Aaff

co-

opyx<eHnr

oforroBxoB BoAorrpueMHbrx

rpy6oupoBoAoB

(puc.

lll), KorAa rpe-

6yerca

3ail{HTa

rpy6onpoBoAoB

or

c.irytlsflHbrx

nJrbrByurux

no BoAe ttpeAilre-

I63

TOB,

CyAOB,

TTJTOTOB

u T.

A.

Py6xy

pax<er:r

flpor{3BoArr

Ha nnAy

(ctane.rrnx)

Ha 6epery. foronbre pflx(H

ll*

HJIH

HAKJIOHHbIX

HI,I3KIIX TIOAMOCTffX

cnycKaloT

Ha

BoAy

co

craneJlefi

ua

164

fttaea IX. CaailruoLe

u 6epeeoqtpenurenbuorc

pa6orot

Tpocax

npH rroillorrlH Jre6eAoK.

Pflx(fi

6yxcupyror

K Mecry

ycraHoBKr4

Kare-

poM

HJrH fle6eAKor?.

Pa6otsr

B

[epeMbrqKax

Heo6xoAI4Mo

3aKaHrIHBaTb

Ao

BeceHrrefo naBoA-

vo rlna-n.r., nrf,rarurr DAnv, TTAnAI\t]-TUAra r{telrtucra\T rre \rnrnalrq urn6rr vnn-

I\q. rrvJIvIuJ

vrlvrvrl\J

uvy/rs

rqrvr

rrr

JvtlvurrtL,

rrvvur

avr

JIOBaH He

SaTanJIHBailCfl

TOJIbKO

JIHBHeBbIMH

lilrll

OCeHHUMT.I

TIaBOAKaMH.

Ecnu

)Ke

rro

ycJro'Br.rflM

npoII3BoAcrBa

pa6or

coopy]Kenne

He

Mox(er

6urr

3AKOHIICHO

AO

BECCHHETO

NABOAKA, TO

AONYCKAIOT

3ATOIJIEHTIC

KOTJIOBAHA

B naBoAoK,

HO

npeAycMaTpHBalor

cneql{aJrbHbre

Mepbr no

yKpenJreHHro

nepe-

MbIr{KLI

H 3aIIIHTe

ee

OT

"rIeAoXoAa.

tlo

I-I

Prrc. lll.

PgxesHe oroJIoBoK rr onopbr BoAorrpHeMHux

rpy6onpoBoAoB

.

VcrpoficrBo

rrepeMblqeK, oco6euHo

AepeBsHHbrx,

cBfl3aHo

c 6o.noruunr

pacxoAoM

MaTepr.raJroB H cToHT or{eHb

Aoporo.

lloarolry K

ycTpoLicTBV

Hx

Hyx(HO

IIpH6eraTb ToJIbKo B

Tex

cJlyrlasx, KorAa

sro

o6yc.noBJreHo

rioHcTpyK-

qHeI?

coopylKeHnfi utu KorAa

HeJIb3r npHMeHHTr

6o.nee

3KoHoMurruufi

cnoco6.

3a

noc.neAHlle

roAbr

B

Halxeri crpaHe nocroflHHo yBerur{HBaercrr

npor{3-

BoAcTBo cTaJlbHofo ilrnyHTa, xoropntfi

ucnoJlb3yeTcn

AJLF.,

ycrpoficrna

Ko.rrb-

I{eBbIx nepeMblqeK

npn

crpoHTeJlbcrBe ruAporexHrrqecKr.rx

coopyx(eHrrft.

B

ne-

Koro

pbIX

cflyqa

qx

np

H

crpoaTeJlbcrBe BoAonpueMHbrx

coo

pylKeH

rzrl

np ulr eu e-

HHe

cTaJlbHoro

unyHTa

/.Jrfl

ycrpol?crBa

orpaxAesr.rrl xornoBaHa

Mox(eroKa-

3aTbcfl

BnoJrHe

parIHoHaJIbHbtM.

S

59.

TEXHIIKA EE3OTIACHOCTH

NPH

TIPOH3BOACTBE

CBAYIHbIX

I,I

6EPETOYKPETIHTEJIbHbIX PAEOT

flpor.raeo4crBo

cBarlHbrx H 6eperoyxpenHTetlbHblx

pa6or

cBfl3aHo

c [prr-

MeHeHr4eM

pa3Hoo6pa3Hblx

I\{arulrH, MexaHH3MoB,

ABl4fareJrerl,

c

Hc[oJIb3oBa-

HHeM 3JreKTpO3HepfHH,

napa,

CXaTO|O

BO3AyXa

H [OAbeMOM

AJTHHHOMepHbTX

II

TrrlKeJlbrx cBafi,

xeneso6eroHHbrx 6;10xoe, TrlKeJlbrx

KaMHeii,

qro

rpe6yer

$

60. O6uaue

coedeuu.a

o KsileHHom

pa6orax

noBbr[reHHoro

BHnM

aHHfl

H

CTpOfOfO

CO6TIOAeHHfl

yCTaHOBJIeHHbTX

npaBHJr nO

TexHHKe 6egonacHocur.

JIe6eAxu,

ABr.rrareJru,

nn6ponorpyxareJl14 u

r.

A.

Heo6xoAr.rrvro

npor{Ho

IIpliKpeIIJIflTb K

paMaM

HJ1H CBafiM,

L

BAI'tbr

lIiecTepeii,

nepeAaTOqHble

peMHlI

HaAex{Ho orpa)I{Aarb.

Pa6oqne

H rrpoMelKyroriHble nJroxlaAKr.r

JIecTHHI{br Konpa

AoJr}KHbr

6urn

orpax{AeHbr

nepuJlaMv, a.Ha rrJroulaAKax

l(onpoB

He.nb3fl

ocraBJrfiTb HHcrpy-

MeHTbr,

6orru H

Apyfr.re

npeAMerbr

flpn

upou3BoAcrBe

pa6or

no

yKpenJreHaro pycJra

peKH

r.rJru noABoAHbrx

qacrer?

coopyxeHufl co

JrbAa

Ar'rfl

npoxoAa

pa6oqux

yKraAbrBaercfl

Aoura-

ruft uacrHJI

cnel{Ha.nlsofi

KoHcrpyKIIHrr

B

3aBrlcr.rMocrH

or

roJnrluHbr JrbAa

H xapaKTepa

npor.rsBoAaMbrx

pa6or.

flpu

noAar{e

Ha orKoc

KaMHfl,

6peeen u

Saurnn

pa6ouue

AoJr)KHbr

6urr

BbrBeAeHbr

lrs

palioHa

Bo3Mo)KHoro

naAeHHfl

MarepnaJroB.

Mecra

pa6or

no

yKperrJreHHlo

orKoca

AoJr)KHbr

6rrrl

o6opylonaHbr crpe-

MflHKa-rvrH

AJrrr

trpoxo4a

pa6ovrrx.

Py6xa

paxeri

npoHsBoAHTcs

Ha craneJrrx.

B

Haqa.ue

py6xu

prrxu

AoJr)<-

Hm

6urn

npuBff3aHbl Tpocaruu

x

cro.n6alr,

npoqHo

3aAeJraHHbrru

B

rpyin

6e-

pefa-

3anpeulaerca pa6outrrr'r

HaxoAaTbcfl

Ha cnyueHHor\r

B

BoAy

pfl)Ke

Bo

Bpel\{q

nOABOAKLI

eIO K

MecTy

ycTaHOBKII

B

IIepeMbIqKe.

FIpu

paxeBbtx

pa6orax

neo6xoAnMo

Hi\,rerb

AocraroqHoe

KoJrr{qecrBo

cnacareJrbHbrx

npHHaAJrexnocrefi

(rpyru,

floqca,

JroAK]r), pa3Merrlaq

rrx Ha

BprAHHx

H

Ao(_rrynHbrx

Mecrax,

a

pa6ouHe

AoJr)KHnr

6urt rpouHcrpyKTupoBa-

HbI

B

OTHOIIIeHLIH [OJIb3OBAHHfl

U\\IH.

TJIABA

X

KAMEHHbIE

PAEOTbI

s

60.

oEllIHE

cBEAEHUfl O

KAMEHHbIX

PAEOTAX

KairaeuHue

I(oHcTpyKuLIH

BbrnoJlHsloTcfl

r.r3

oTAeJIbHbrx npHpoAHbIX

HJrH

HcKyccrBeHHbrx xauuer?, coeAuHfeMbrx B

oAHo

-rleJroe

reJro

npI,t rroMoIrIH pac-

TBopa,

[puroroBJrfleMoro r{3

KaKoro-"uu6o

Bfl>xyulero

Marepr.raJra,

3arroJrrrtr-

reaefi I{ BoAbI.

Pacrnop, 3arBepAeBat, cBff3brBaer

orAeJrbHbre

KaMHLT

B npoq-

unrri

uoso.uurnuri Maccr.rB.

PasrIrrIHbIe coopylKeHLrfr.

Hg ecrecrBeHHbrx

KaMHefi,

y.noxeuHbrx

6es

pac-

TBOpa

H

KpenJIeHLtIi, BOSBOAHJIHCb

rvrHofo Tbrcflr{

JreT Ha3aA

H

HeKoTopbre

1r3

HI{x

cyxlecrByloT

H IIoHbIHe. Ho y>xe

B

ApeBHeM

Puue Bo3BoAHJrHcb

BoAorrpo-

BOAHbre

COOpylKeHUn (SUaUeHUrlrrl

purrtcxuri

axne4yx)

c

npHMeHeHHeM pac-

TBopoB,

a B

cepeAltse

XIX

B.

tIoflBHJILIcb

rl{ApaBJrr4rrecKue

BrriKyrrlue

H

cra.rr

uapor(o

npuMeusrbcfl

KI,IpnI{rr, Koropbrfi

nocreneHHo

HaqaJr

BbrrecHflTb

H3

ynorpe6nenHs

ecrecrBeHHbre

Ka

MHrr.

[Ipu uHreHcLIBHoM

pagBurlru

MaccoBoro

[poMbrrrrJreHHoro,

rpaxAaHcr(o-

rO

A

)T{HJIHIUHOTO

CTPOI{TCJIbCTBA

H

IIPI,IMCHCHI{II

B

CTPOHTCJIbHOM

IIPOH3BOA-

crBe I|{aIUHH

H MexaHI{3MoB

KHpnHq

raKxe

craJr MaJrogQQeKTHBHbrM

MarepHa-

JI0M

xltfl

Bo3BeAeHnfi

KaMeHHbrx

crpoeHufi.

Ha.raJracb

Hacroliqusbre

rroHcKH

HoBbIx

NIarepHaJIoB,

Koropble

3aMeHHJrH

6u MaJropagMepHrtr?

Krrpnuq.

Ho

c

yBeJIIrqeHIleM

pa3MepoB

LlcKyccrBeHHbrx

xauuefi

cHJrbHo

Bo3pacraer

HX Bec,

nogToMy

Arq

H3roroBJIeHHfl

TaKHX

KpynHopa3MepHbrx

HcKyccrBeHHbrx

KaM-

ueff-d.rroxoB

craJIH nplrMeHffTb

MarepaaJrbr

c

orHocr.rreJrbHo

MaJrbrrrr o6teu-

HHU

Becolr

r.r

MaJrbru

xosQQurIHeHToM

TenJronpoBoAHocra.

flpu

AanrHefiuux

PASBIITHH

TEXHHKI,I

UPOI'3BOACTBA

CTPOHTCJIbHbIX

MATCPHAJIOB

H

IIOHCKAX

HO-

165

166

lraaa

X. Ka'ueruruote

Pa6orot

BbTxBHAOBJIe|KHXHfipoqHr'lxcTeHOBt'lxl',IaTepI{aJloBcTa'rII{IIpHt{eHflTbA'rltl

u3fOTOBJIetr",apyn"or,-.

ara"Ountx

6"tOttOB

H

naFIL'"rleli

pa3JInqHble

nOpKCTbIe

vraTepIlaJIbI.

B Hgrotoe"TeHlnr

HoBbtx

BHAoB

cTeHoBbIX

I\{aTepHaJIoB,

a

TaKiKe

[I

B

npo-

rHll(eHepbl,

TeXHI'IKH,

MacTepa

I{

pa6o-

'

rH

I{

npeAJIo}KHJII'I

HOBble

opHfHHaJIb-

IrH

HayqHble

pa6orHI4KI{

B

COApy)KecT-

IILI

HOBbIe

nplruunnu

Kal\{eHHOfi

KilaA-

KaMeHHbIX

pa6or-

Macrepa

KaMeHHOt?

,Ie

npHeMbI

H

Cnoco6bl

KJIaAKI',I'

HOBbIe

lqarculHe

rpyA

KaMeHIIIHKa

I'I.

yBeJIH-

loeercxue

ctreIrHaJI14crbl

pa3peruunLl

npo6JreMy

KaMeHHOft

K.TIaAKLI

B

3HMHee

Bpel\{fl,

qTo

IIO3BOJII'IJIO

nepefiTll

Ha

KpyrJioroAr,IqHoe

npoLI3BoAcrBo

pa6oT Ha

oTKpbIToM

Bo3AyXe

B

caMbIX

cypo-

Bbrx

KJII,IMarHqecKtx

pafioHax

Halxeft

crpaHbl'

B

HacrOsilIee

BpeN{f

npOII3BOACTBO

KaMeHHblx

pa6OT

I'I

OpraHII3aUItfl

TpyAa

KaMeHil{HI(oB

B

CCCp

HaxoAfTcfl

Ha

BbIcoKo['I

TeXHI'IqecKoM

ypoBHe'

dolnon""HHe

6oJlbtuofo

o6teua

)KI'IJIIIu{Horo'

fpa}KAaHcKofo

u

ill?Mblrrld'Iei{-

HofocTpoHTeJIbcTBaocyuecTBJlfleTcflcIIpul{eHeHHeMKoMnJIeI(cHoHMeXaHlI.

3aI{flI'I

rpaHcnoprHpoBaHtrn

MarepHung:

9-T^-Y:-":i?-

HX

3aroroBKH Ao

iuecra

yKdraAKH,

c

Bo3BeAaHHer{

3AaHHfi

Ii

coopy}KeHI'II?

H3

6eToHHbIX

H

KI4pnHr{Htrl\

6.noxon,

Kpy[Hopa3MepHblx

)Ke.[e3o6eToHHbIX

fiaHeJlefi,

npoKaTHbIX

Ilepefo-

poAoqHbIX

IIJII,IT

H

npHIIeHeHLIeM

BbICOi(onpoH3BOAHTeJIbHbIX

MeTOAOB

Opra-

IJlH3aL\krU

TpyAa.

PasnHqaroT

creAyloulue

ocHoBHbIe

BIiAbI

KaMeHHOfi

KJIaAKH:

l)

Kr.rpnuqHafl.

KilaAKa-I{3

KpacHoro

M :i!"KarHoro

KI4pnHqa;

2)

6yroean

KJraAKa

-

H3

npuboAHblx

KaMHefi

HepoBHoI?

Qopunt,

6o;tu-

UIefi

qacrblo

H3BecrHtKa

I'lJlH

flecqaHlII(a;

3)

TecoBaq

KJraAKa

-

I4g

IIpHpoAHbIx

KaMIIeft'

xoropulM

nyTeM

oIII{JiiI-

r,aHnfr

(o6nruno

npr4

Ao6brqe

KaMHs

B

Kapbepax)

-ilpHAaHbI

IIpaBIIJIbHbie

Oqep-

ra'fln;

raKas

KrraAKa

ruprpoKo

rpr4MeHr;tcn

s

Kpltrury_I]

Otl.:Tlo6racrn'

rAe

r{CnoJrb3yeTcff

paKyueqHI,IK,

B

Apueuu_u,

rAe

ucIIoJIb3yeTCfl

TyQ'

H

T'

A';

4)

KJraAKa

ri3

MeJTKHX

r{

Kpyil;blx

6;loxoe

r

I'IcKyccrBeHHbIX

KaMHefi,

tsbrpa6aTbIBaeMbIX

LI3

THApaBJII{qeCKI'IX

Bflx(yIIIHx

MaTepIIaJIOB

I'I

KaKOTO-JIH69

sanonHureJlfl'qallleBceloAoMeHHbIXItKoTeJIbHbIxlIIJIaKoB.

B noAorrpOBoAHo-KaHaJILI3aqHoHHoM

cTponTeJIbcTBe

AJIS

ycTpoI?cTBa

Ka-

HaJIH3auI{oHHbIx

KoJIJIeKTopoB'

cMoTpoBbIX

KoaoAIIeB'

a

TaKxe

cTeH

3,u.aHI.Ili

HaCoCHbIx

CTaHUHfi

npHMeHflIOT

B

6CHOBHOII

KpaCHufi

xnpnuq'

CI4IHKaTHblft

KI,IpflHrI

MOX{HO

HCIIOJIb3OBaTb

TOJIbKO

AJIfl

KJIaAKH

CTeH

aAMI'IHltcTpaTI{BHbIX'

x{Hrrbrx

H

cKrraA;;;

;A;";fi.

Eyronylo

KrIaAKy

npI'IMeHflIor ArIs

ycrporicrBa

QyH.uanreHToB

noA

creHbl

3gauuk,

a

raKxe

AJIfl

creH

capaeB'

cKJIa'iI'cKH\

noMeuleHHfi

rE sa6opon.

kls 6noxoB

Bo3BOAflT

)Kr{drrbre

tr

KoHTopcK?Ie

3AaHI'Ifl,

CapaH

H

gKJIa.l'CKI{e

noi\,IeqeHHt,

a

raI(x(e

3a6opbl.

flepeur.rc.rreHHbre

coopy)KeHHq

B

KOHCTpyKTI{BHOM

OTFIOIileHIIH

pa3AeJIf-

roTcf

Ha

Tpn

ocHoBHbrx

3JIeMeHTa:

l)

QyuaaMeHTbI,

cTofl6bl

HJIII

OTAeJIbHbIe

.. o\

amas.t-

?\

,nI{H

cRoIIhI

H

JIOTKH.

u"'Pfi;;)r;;;'^il";;;;';t;;ruio,"

nunt"efi

cnoxnrb

npoqHblr't

uaccttn,

xo-

TopbII:I

uor

6sl

BocIIpliHHMarb

AeilcrBJ/Ioilrue

Ha

Hero

ycvrltrtfl''

Heo6xo'II'HMo

npii

*nulxe

co6.nrcAarb

o[peAeJIeHHbIe

ycJIoBHff,

Ha3blBaeMble

npaBH'rIarlLI

pa3pe3Klr

Kar,reHHofi

K.qaAKH:

flpanu.rra

3TH

3aKJlloqalorcfi

B cJleAynqel\I'

I(aueuuyro

*nu,q*y

ueo6xoAnMo

npol'I3BOAI'ITb

CJIOfiMI',I'

OfpaHI',IqeHHbll\{ll

cBepxy

H

cHpl3y

nrlocKocrflMH,

nepnenA"-1y^{1P-1brMl'I

HallpaBaefir',Irc

Aeficr-

Byroulero

ycr{Jrr{fl.

Vro.r

Me}KAy

lltipqry.HueM

AeficrByloqero

vcHJIHf

I{

Bep-

TI{KaJIbIo

AollycKaercff

He 6o"lee

l5-17''

$

60. O6ur,ue

cee}enu-q

o KatreHHow

pa6ora.v t67

flprz

xna4Ke

creH

ra cror6oe

IIJIocKocrH cJIoeB KJIaAKH

AoJrxHbr

6rtrn

ro-

pr.r3oHraJrbHbrMu.

flrocxocru

pa3pe3Ka apoK

H cBoAoB

AoJIx(Hbr

6orrr

uop-

MaJrbHbrMH

K

KpHBofi

Aan.nesuq.

O6trquo orLI

IIJIocKocrI{

Ae.rlaroT

HopMaJrb-

HL,TMH K

BHyrpeHHer?

HalpaBJrflouleil

nonepxuocrll apKr4 LrJrH

cBoAa;

TaKHM

o6pasou,

rrpH

KpyfoBoM

or{epraukrr

cBoAa

HJIH JIorKa, KaK

sro

6Hsaer,

Ha-

npr{Mep,

npH

KJraAKe KIIpIIHr{Hbrx KoJIJIeKTOpOB UnU O6Ae,/IKe JTOTKa

npH rrIU-

ronofi

npoxoAKe,

nJrocKocra

pa3p$KH

HanpaBJIflroT

no

paAHycaM.

B

raxAona

c.r-roe

KaMHH

AoJrxHbI

6urn

yJro)KeHbr

tax,

uto6br

oHH He cABH-

raJIHcb B oAHoM

cJroe,

a

KaMHrr,

HMeIoIqHe

6oroeHe nJlocKocrn,

HaKJIoHHbIe

K

fopPr3oHTy, He Mof,rruI

pa3ABrrHyTb

coceAHr4e

KaMHH.

BepruxanbHbre

lrBbr

AoJr)KHbr

pacnoJrararbcff

BnepeBfl3Ky,

TaK

KaK

B

npo-

THBHOM

CflVr{ae BO3MO>KHO

paCCJrOeHfie

KJTaAKH

IIO BepTHKaJrU.

PqAH

KilaAKLL

yJIox{eHHbIe

BAoJrb uapyxHori

r,rJrr.r

BHyrpeHneft

cropoHbl

cTeH, Ha3bIBaIOTCfl

BepCTaMH.

Kauuu,

yJrox{eHHble

BAoJrb creHbr

A.nuuHofi

rpaHbro, Ha3brBarorcfi Jro)K-

KaMH,

a

KoporKotlr

-

rH.Irarvls.

Ec.irr.r

c Hapy>r(Hofi

noeepxHocrn

creHbr 3Aa-

HHq KHpnnrJH

yrox{eHbl

BAoJrb

cTeHbr Jrox(KaMH,

PflA

HaSHBaeTCfl JION(KOBbrM,

a ecJrlr rbrrrr(aMu

-

TbrrrKoBuru.

Pa4,

B KoropoM

c Hapyx(Hofi

nonepxHocrH

cTeH

yI(JIaAbIBalOT

irCOqepeAHO JIOX(KH

H TrrqKH,

HaSbrBaeTCfl

cMerlaHHbII\t.

flpocrpaHcrBo

i\{ex(Ay KaMHqMH, 3a[oJrHeHHoe pacrBopoM,

Ha3brBaerct

IIIBOM.

LUnu n 6ytonofi

KJIaAKe

I4MeIor

HeoAIrHaKoByro

roJnrlr.rHy

Hs-3a

Herrpa-

BLIJIbHOH

nOBepXHOCTH

KaMHfi;

TOJI-

UIHHa

UrBa He

AOJTXHa

npeBbrrrraTb

2 ca. llpn

xzpnu.rHor? KJraAKe

roJrrrlu-

Ha ruBa

B

cpeAHeM

pasnaerca

I c.u,.

LUerr KJIaAKIT 3arroJrHflror

rrJrac-

THTIHbIM

pacrBopolr,

xoropsrft rocre-

rreHHo npuo6peraer

cocroflHue

rBep-

Aoro

reJra. Pacrnop

cBr3brBaer

rvrex(Ay

co6ofi orAe"{bHbre

KaMHH, rrpenflrcrBy-

eT HX

B3aHMHOMy rIepeMeIrIeHHrO, BbI-

paBHHBaer

rrocreJrr.r Lr o6ecuequsaer

paBHoMepHocTb

rIepeAarrH

AaBJreHHfl

no eceil

onopHoir

n"rrocKocrr,r

KaMHfl.

llpa noMorrrfi

pacrBopoB

orAeJrbHbre

-

Kal,[HH

Hlrpt KVpnHgH CBtSbIBaIOTCfi

Me-

)KAy

CO60k

raxwrvr

o6pasou,

rrro

Bcfi

KnaAKa

o6pa3yer

MoHoJrHTHyro r(oHcr-

pyKqHIo.

flpn

xHpnuqsori

KJraAKe

npr{MeHff-

roT

pacTBopbr

Tflx(eJrbre, ilpl4foToBJlse-

MbIe Ir3

CMeCH

Bfl)KyUIefO

C

npHpOAHbr-

MU

necKaMH,

nOIyqeHHbIML npH

eC-

recTBeHHoM

Apo6reHHu

rBepAbrx

fopHblx

nopoA,

H

JIetKHe, IrpHfoToBJIf-

eMbre

c

ilpHMeHeHveM

[ecKoB, noJly-

qeHHblx

rlyreM

Apo6fieHnr

urJraKoB.

rreMsbr H

Apyrvx

Marepr4aaoe. Pacrso-

pst

6unaror

rreMeHTHble,

H3BecrKoBbre,

I{e IvI€HTHO-H3BecTKOBble

v

UeMeHTHO-

fJrHHffFrbIe. Pacreopbr

Ha3blBanr

cMe-

IIJaHHbIMH, KOrAa

HX

npHfOTOBJIfltOT

C

HCNOJIb3OBAHHCM

ABYX

BHAOB

B'I>KY-

lllHx.

Prrc.

112. Cacreuu

[epeBfl3Kn

ruBoB

a

-

IIenHaq; 6

-

cucrenu

Oxluura:

a-MHo-

roptAHat

168

I-naaa

X.

Kauenruote

pajoru

I-Io

npouHocru

pacrBopbr

Aeflqr

Ha

AeBflrb

MapoK: 4, 10, 25,

50, 75, 100,

150,

200

n 300,

a

no Mopo3ocrofiKocru

Ha MapKH:

10,

i5,

25,35,

50, 100,

150, 200

n 300.

t{uc.nonoe

3HaqeHne

MapoK

tro

npol{Hocru

xapaKTepr.r3yer

npoqHocrb

pac-

TBopa Ha

cx(arve

B

Kflcilz

na 28-ir,

AeHb

ero rBepAeHHfl,

a

tro uopoeocror?-

KOCTH

-

qHCJIO

BbIAep>KHBaeMbIx

HM

UHK,'IOB

nOnepeMeHHOrO

3aMOpa)KHBa-

HHfl. H

orranBaHraa.

Mapxu

pacrBopa, Koropblfi

Ao.nxres

6ntrr npHMeIIeH npu

KJraAKe

Kuprthqubrx

l{oHcrpyrqllfi,

yKa3blBalorcfl

B

npoeKTe.

llpu

eoaee4eHur.r

KHpnHqHbIx

creH

npHMeHfiIorcfl

cJreAyrorrlue

cucreMbr

nepeBs3Klr

ruBoB:

qenHafl,

KorAa IIocJIe Kax{Aofo

.[o)KKoBoro

pgAa

BbrKJraAbr-

BaeTcfl rHqKoerrft

pflA,

cucrenra

OguuHKa,

KofAa

rblr{KoBrrfi

pn4

BbrKJraAbr-

BaeTcq nocJre

Ka)KAbIx

Tpex

Jlox{KoBblx

pgAoB,

r{

MHofopfl.I.Hafl,,

KotAa

Tbrr{-

xosnrrl

pffA

Bbrr{JraAbrBaercq

rocre

nffTr.r Jro)KKoBbrx

prAos

(puc.

ll2).

S

6I.

IIPOH3BOACTBO

KI,IPTIHqHOH

II MEJIKOEJIOqHOPI

KJIAAKH

B

sanncaNrocrrr

or

Ha3HarIeHLIfl

u

yc"ronuft

3KcrrnyaraL\HH

Kupnuqnbre

creHbI

AeJIaIor

ro.nquHofi

n l,

l

llz,

2,21f

2

v 6onee xupnaueft,

cqtrrafi no

AJr,r{H-

uori cropoHe Knpnrrqa.

flpouecc KHpilHqHoft

xna1xu

cocrouT H3 cJreAyrorqux

ocHoBHbrx

one-

paunrl:

a)

ycraHoBKH

rropt{AoBoK, HarflfrrBaHr.rff

npr-iqaJrKH

H BbTKJTaAKH

[raflKoB;

6)

rroAroroBKr{ nocreJrlr, r]oAarrn

r{

pa3paBHHBaHHfl.

pacrBopa;

n)

yKJTaAKH

xupnauefi Ha nocreJrs c

o6pasoBaHzeM

rxBoB;

r) flpoBepKH

npaBuJrbHocrn KJTaAKH rro

ypoBHr,o

?r

orBecy;

A)

pacur{BKr{

ruBoB npx HeorxryKarypuBaeuofi

iloBepxHocrr{

creH.

flopqAoerr4

ycrauaBJIHBalor

Ha

yrJrax

KilaAKL1

B

Nrecrax nepeceqeHr.iq

creH rz Ha

nprrMbrx

yqacrKax

AJrr{HHbrx

creH

He

pexe

qeM qepeo

12 u. A{ex<4y

nopffAoBKaMLI

HarffrHBalor npnrlarKy

Lrs KpyqeHoro

rrrHypa

ro.nurusoil

2.----3

utx, BAoJrb

xoropoii BblKJraAbrBarorcfl

Hapyx{Hbre

H

BHyrpeHHHe

Bep-

crnt; uro6br

rtpuqarKa

He

flpoBr{caJra,

rroA Hee

qepe3

Ka)KAbre

4-5

n

yKJra-

AbIBaIor

Ha

pacrBope

MaflqHbre Knptrvqla

rrilfi

AepeBrHHue

6pycxn, Bbrcry-

I]arcII{He

3a IIJIocKocrb

creHbr Ha 2-3

cu. llpuua.nxy

cBepxy

npH)KrrMarcT

KrlpilHqoM, yJrox(eHHbrM

Hacyxo Ha

MaflK.

Ha uapyxnbrx

JrurqeBbrx Bepcrax

[puqaJrKy ycraHaBaHBaror

AJrfl

Ka]r(-

AO|O

pfiAa

KJraAKr.r,

a

Ha

BHyTpeHHHX-

qepe3

TpH-rreTbrpe

pflAa.

I(zpulzu yKJIaAbIBaercfl

B

creHbr

pa3flnrrubrMi.r

npveMar\{H:

Bnpr.rcbrK,

B[pHcbrK

c

[oApe3Koli

n nnpn>Kr.rM.

llpa

r"na,aKe

BrpucbrK

KaMeHqrar

6eper

Klrprnq

pyxofi

H,

Aepx(a

ero

HaKJIoHHo,

ABHraer

K

panee

yJroxeHHbrM

KHp[uqaM,

3anpe6as

qacrr

pacrBo-

pa.

flpn

ycraHoBKe

KHpnHqa

Ha Mecro BepruKaJrbnufi

ruos Mex(Ay

Hr4Nr H

pa-

Hee

yJrolKeHHbrM

KHpnHrroM

AoJrlKeH

6rITl florrrti

3aloJrHeH

pacrBopoM-

IIpa

xnaaKe

BnpucbtK

c

no4pesrofi

KaMeHrrrHK

cpe3aer

xe.nuuoir

(no-

narxorl) I43JrHilreK pacrBopa,

Bbrcrynarorqrlfi

Hapy)Ky.

flpuer,rou

BnpHcbrK

c noApe3Kot?

selyr

KJIaAKy

creH,

He

noAJrelKarrIHX

orrrryKarypHBaHuro.

Ecnlr

)Ke

creHbr

AoJrlKHbr

oruTyKarypuBarbcfl

HJrH

o6.ilHr{oeuBarbcs,

To

KnaAKy

IIaAo

Becru

npHeMoM

BnpucbrK

6ee

no,upe3Ku,

ocraBJrffl

nroB

Ha noBepxHocru

cTeHbr

nyeTbrM.

llpa

yr.naAKe

BtrpHx(HM

KaMeHilrHK

o,unofi

pyrofi

6eper KHpnHq,

3areNr

apyroti

pyxorl

cABufaer

xe"unnroft

pacrBop,

a 3a

Hr,rM noABr.rfaeT

H

yx.rraAbt-

naeuufi

KLIpnHrI.

IIIgu

fioflyrraercrr

coBeprueHHo

3anoJrHegHbrr\{

Aa)Ke

npn

)KecrKoM

pacrBope.

Sror ilpneM npuMeHflroT

qau{e

Bcero

npx

Bo3Be.trenun

cTeH,

He

noAJrex<aulHx

oruTyKaTyp[B aHHro.

Vxna4xy

Knpnlrqa

B creHbr BeAyr

pa3Hbrlru

cnoco6alrH:

rropflAHbrrlr,

AByx-

pflflHbrM

fi

cTyneHqaTbrM.

$

62. Egroaaa

u 6gro6eroHH&n

rcaa)rca

flpu nopnAHoM

crroco6e

xax<Auri

HosHft

psA

yKJtaAbIBalor nocJle

BbIK-

JTaAKH

BepcT

LI

3a6yTKH

npeAblAylllerg

pffAa no

eceli ropgsoHTanrsoft

no-

BepxHocTI4

cTeHbI.

Ilpu

Xnyxps,EHoM

cnoco6e, npe,qJIOlKeHHoM

KaMeHuIHKOM

Op.nosbtttt,

AJrfl

r.(e[Hor?

nepenn3Klr

BbrKJraAbrBalor

rblqKoBylo

H

JIo>KKoByIo

Bepcrbl Ha-

pyxnOft

nOBepxHOCTH

cTeHbI,

3aTeM

BHyTpeHHeft, a

noc.ne

3TOFO

yx(e

np6us-

BoAflr ea6yrxy.

creHbI.

flpa

cryndH.raroll cnoco6e,

IIpHMeHneMoM

npfi

MHoropsAuoft

neperas-

Ke, [pe]KAe

Bcefo

BbIKJIaAbIBaIOT

HapyxHble

BepcTbI

-

oAHy

TbIqKoByIo

LI nflTb

JIO)KKOBbrX,

SareM

BHyTpeHHpIe

-

c

flocTe[eHHbIM

SanoJIHeHLIeM

3a-

6yrxu.

flpeurrryrUecrBoM

3Toro

cnoco6a

rBJlflercn ro,

rITo

npu

BbIKJIaAKe Ha-

pyxffiux BepcT

KaMeHIItHKy He

MeilIalor

pa6orarn pflAbI

KJIaAKH

c

BHyrpeH-

Hefi cropoHbr

creHbl

3a

xaqecrBoM

Ktrpnuqsoft

Kila!.Krr

BeAercr cllcreMarllqecKoe

na6nrcAe-

HI{C B TCI{CHHE

BCCIO

NPOUCCCA

CC BbIIIOJIHCHHfl,

Pacurasxa

rrrBoB

rIpoHgBoAHTcfi B

KHpnHrIHot?

xlaAxe

s4aunfi, He

IIoA-

Jre>KaIquX olxTyKaTypHBaHHIo,

a

TaK)Ke Ha

BHyTpegHefi

noBepxHocTn

K?Ip-

nHr{HbIX

KaHaJrH3aIrHoHHbrx

KoJIJreKTopoB.

fopusonraJlbHble

ruBbl

pacrrrnBa-

rorcr

pacur{BKolt

npu

noMorrlu .nnHefixr.r, a

BeprHKaJIbHbIe

IIIBbI

-

6es

rlauefi-

xu.

[,nn

pacur.rBKu

IITBoB

ueMeHTHbIM

pacrBopoM

rIpH

KJIaAKe KHpnHqHbIX

KoJrJreKTopoB

yrrorpe6"rqmcs

pac[rr4BKr.r

c

rroJrofuM

HsrH6oM

pa6oueft

qacru,

a

AJrfl

pacrrrnBKu

rrrBoB

s4auuft

H3BecrKoBbrM

pacrBopoM

HcnoJrb3ylorcq

pac-

ruHBKr{

c

KpyTbrM

H3JroMoM.

K;ra,uxa

creH fi3

TecaHoro

KaMHfl

-

paKylueqHr.rKa,

TyQa, H3BecrHffKa

HJrn ug 6eronHrtx,

urnaro6eroHHbrx

r4

I(epaMHqecKHx

6roxoe HeaHaqkrreJrbHo

orJruqaercfl

oT

KJTaAKH

creH r.r3

Kr{pnuqa.

Vx.uaAKa KaMHefi seAercs

no npH-

qaJrKaM,

HaTfHyTbrM

MexAy npeABapHTeJrbHo

ycTaHoBJreHHbrMH

noprr-

AOBKAMI,I.

S

62.

EYTOBAfl

V

EYTOEETOHHAq

KJIAAKA

Kna4xy

H3 ecrecrBeuHblx xauHefi

HerpaBnJrurofi

Qopuu

(6yra)

HcnoJrb-

3yror B HcKJrroqr.rreJrbHbrx

cJryqaffx npeHMyrrIecrBeHHO

npH

ycrpoftcrae

syH-

AaMeHTOB,

ecJrr.r

Her

BO3MO>KHOCTH

trpHMeHr.rrb

Qyn4arr,reurHbre

6noxu. kls

6yta

ycrpanBator

raKlKe

creHbr noABaJrbHbrx

noMeuleuuli

u

cKJraAoB,

orpax(-

AeHUq

reppr.rroprcrr,

creHbr

KaMep neper.urcvenurl

u

Apyrux

coopyx<enuft,

K

BHeruHeMy

Br.rAy Koropbrx

He

npeAbffBJrffercff

crporfix

rpe6onanufi.

Eytonute

QyH4altenrbr

ycrpar.rBaloT

HrrLr B BHAe

orAeJrbHbrx

rlraccuBoB,

HJIH

B

BI,IIC CNJIOIIIHbIX

JICHT.

flepe4

HaqaJIoM

pa6or

na 6ponxe

Ha oAHofi

cropoue

rpaHruen

3aroroB-

JIflror orAeJIbHo xpynuuft

z

ue"nxHr? KaMeHb,

a Ha

Apyrofi

cropoue ycraHaB-

pacrBopoM,

rrocrre

qero

npo"sio,u"t pu.ut.oe""v,

ir*;;;trril;;;-;;;,

r{To

B rlycrorbl

MexAy

KaMHaMH

ga6unam

JTeTKHMH

yAapaMr.r

MoJiorKa

MeJr-

xnfi

xaueHb

HJIH

u1e6eHn,

a 3areM

gaJlaBaror

KJraAKy

>KHAKI,TM

pacrBoporlr

Ao

3ANOJIHEHHfl,

UM

BCCX

NVCTOT.

flpr'r

xna4xe

nepno.o

(uuxuero)

npyca

cnaqaJra

BbrKJraAbrBaroT

H3

Kar\,r-

Hff

nepBbrPr

prI.;

rrpH

sToM

noA6uparor-6onee

KpyrrHbre

nocreJracrbre

KaMHH,

r{oropbre

yr(JraAbrBaroT

HaCyXo

HenocpeAcTBeHHO

Ha fpyrir

c urlare.nrsofi

r2-%

169

170

fnasa

X.

Kauenuote Pa6orot

yrparvr608Kori,

pacqe6euxori

ta

3aJrHBKoir

)r'HLKHM

pacrBopoM

.II.o

3anoJIHe-

HHH

Bcex

nycror.

3arelr

BbIKJIaAbIBaIoT

BepCToBbIe

p_sAbl

QyU4aueuTa'

qepe-

Ayr

yKJraAKy

JiolKKoBbrx

r.r

TbIrIKoBbIx

KaMHefi

n

co6.rrrcAafl rlepeBfl3Ky.

fIpH

sTOM

MO}I(HO

npori3BoAHTb

KfiaAKy

ABi/X

BepcToBbIX

PsAOe

B

C.rIeA]/IOqeM

rrHB

KraAKy

3a6yrKu

gTHx

AByx

pfiAoB

c

saJIHBKoIi

pacrBopoM,

HaqHHanr

KJraAKy

AByx

cJreAyrorrlHx

rro

Bblcore

BepcroBblx

pflAoB,

rlpoABHraflcb

no

Qpos-

ry

pa6or B o6parHoM

HanpaBJIeHI'IH.

-

Heo6xoAnlruri

p'nfl.

sa6yrKu

pacrBop rIoAaIoT

rlo

JIoTKy

HeIIocpeAcrBeH-

Ho Ha

r.naAl(y

B

<<KOpbITO)>, o6pasyrcilIeecfl

MelKAy

AByMfl

BepSTOBEIMH

pflAaMH.

-

B HeKoropbrx

cryqaflx,

Kof.4a

Heo6xoAltIvto

fioryrrllTb 6o.nee

flpoqHylo

n

c

6o.nee

rlaAxofi

noBepxHocrbro

creHy,

6ytonar

KJraAKa

3aMeHqerc.a

Ha

6yro6erouHyro,

B

xoropoil orAetbHble

KaMHI.r BTanJILIBaIorcfl

noc.nofiso

e 6e-

roHHylo

Maccy.

hm

no,'ryr{eHur

ponuofi rroBepxHocru

6yro6erousofi

creFIbI

ee

Bo3BoAHT

e

bna.uy6re,

KoTopas

AoJIxHa

6lttl

nnotuoft

H

npoqHoli'

T. e. He

AoJIx{Ha

HMerb

rueneii u

nporn6arncn

lrpH

yKJIaAKe

u

y[JIorHeHuH

6yro6erounofr

Maccbl.

K;raAra

BeAercff

caeAylouluM

o6pa3oM.

B

y.noxeHHurl

c.nofi

6erona

rorulusofi

15-20

ci4

BTaililI{Balor

KaMHLI

c rrpoMex(yTKaMI.I

4-.6

cu ?I

ynJIoTHflIor

nn6paTopoM.

Ha

c.noft

KaMHfl

yKJIa-

AblBaror

Hossrfi

croft 6erora,

B

xoropnrfi TaK)Ke

BTaIIJII,IBaIoT

KaMHH

I4 onflTb

ou6papyror,

H

TaK

Ao

rex

[op,

noKa

creHa ne

6yAet BosBeAeHa

Ha

Hy]KHyIo

BbrcoTy.

Pacxoa

ueMeHTa

ua

6yro6eroHuylo

x.rraAKY

tto

cpaBHeHHIo

c

6yronotl

loBbrrrrae

rcfl

,

a rpyAoBbre

3arp

arbr coKp

aulatorcn.

llpouHocrb

6yto6eroHnofi

KJTaAKH BbIIrIe,

uerr,r

6yronofi.

S

ffi.

OPTAHH3AIIHfl

NPOUECCA

KAMEHHOPI

KJIAAKH

.

KalaeHHaE

KJIaAKa

BbInoJIHfleTcfl

rpyn[aMH

-

SBeHbsMH

pa6orIHX,

B

co-

cTaB

Koropblx

BxoAflT

KaMeHITIHKH

pasnofi

xnannQnraL\fiu

(pasuux

pa3ps-

.a,on),

garrrrbre

He[ocpeAcrBeHHo

Ha

KJIaAKe

KHpnHqa vIlrr4

KaMHt B

KoHcr-

pyKqHH, u

nOAcO6ttue

pa6Ouue,

AOcTaBJIfIoIIIHe

K

MeCTy

yKJIaAKH Kupnuq,

KaMeHb,

pacTBop Id

Apyfl{e

MaTepI'IaJIbI.

Koag.IecrnenHufi

cocraB

aBeHbeB

3aBrlcI4T

or

BHAa

BbI[oJIHfelublx

Ka-

rlreHHblx

pa6oT,

MeToAa

Kilag.Kr4

U O6beMa

IpOI'I3BOAHMbIX

pa6Ot-

B conpeueHHbrx

ycJroBuflx

crponTeJlbcrBa

KaMeHTJIHKH

pa6oralor

no no-

ToqHoMy

MeroAy

c

pacqreHeHueM

npoqecca

xaueuHoft

KJIaAKI'I

Ha onepaUHI'I

MelKAy

orAeJ-Ibnbiluill

pa5o.iriMli B

stseiie

c

j-qeroivi

KBaiIIr+ltKaIiIltl

Ko,tl"Aofo

H3 HHx. flpu

taxoM

[ororrHo-pacqreHeHHoM

MeroAe

pyKoBoAI{TeJIb

3BeHa

-

uau6olee

xna;ru$rauupoBaHHbrfi

xaueHuIHK-BbIIIoJIHfler

uall6o,nee

cJIolK-

Hbre r{ orBercrBeHHbre

pa6ornr: HargfllBaer

npHqaflKy,

BbIKJIaAblBaer

Bep-

cToBbre

pgAbr KJTaAKH,

npoBepfleT

ropH3oHTaJIbHOCTb

PflAOS

H BepTHKaJIbHOCTb

cTeHbr

r{

yrJroB, TorAa

KaK

MaJloxna.nuSr,rUupoBaHHblfi

xarueuultlx

(nonco6-

uufi

pa6ourafi) neperonaqHBaeT

B

flrrIHKe

r.r

paccTr.IJIaeT

IIo

cTeHe

pacTBop,

pacKJraAbrBaer

Ha

cTeHe

KHprIHq

Aaq

BbIKTaAKH

Bepcr'

yKJIaAbIBaer 3a6yTKy

$

64.

Ilpouseodcrao

KaileHHbuc

pa6or B

suwHee

Bpeiln

Lr

noMofaeT

KaMeHIIIHKy

HaTffrHBaTb

[pHqaJIKy

H

npoBepflTb

npaBIIJIbHOCTb

KJIAAKH.

'

Kut"H"u

fl,

KilaLKa

BbInOJIHfieTCf

3BeHbflMH

pa6O'iHx,

COCTOflUIHMI'I

u3

rDrry

'Fnor.

rrtrThlnex-

nfiTl'l-

IIIeCTH

H

AalKe

ceIiIH

I{eflOBeK'

3geHo-AeoftXa

CO-

;;J#

;r"?";;;"d;dp;;;;;"

*u*"nur"ra

4-5-ro

pa3pnAa

H roAco6so-

io

-

z-a-.o

puip"]i.-

3".no-Asofira

rpoH3BoAHr

KrIaAKy

creH

ronrqunoft

"i

Oon""-lr12

iupiwa

fiilLr

creH

c 6onrurun

KoJIHqecrBoM

npoeMon,

cro.n6on,

irynuau,

norxon'u

cBoAoB

Kupflrirrubrx

KaHaJIH3aIrpIoHHbIx

KoJIJIeKTopon.

IIpH

pa6ote 3BeHa-ABofixu

xalteHIIIHK-MacTep

BbInoJIHfleT

KJIaAKy

Kuptruqa'

a

noA'

iyunrtfi

KaMeHuII{K

fiepeJlonaqllBaer

H

paccTnJlaer

pacrBop

H noAaer

KHpIII4tl

lls

xoHrefiHepa

K

Mecry

yKJIaAKI'I

B

KoHcrpyKIrHu'

..

llpu

x.rra4Ke

cTe;

-c

vuoropsAsoft

cncrennoft

repeBff3KH

IIIB9B

pa6ora

npoH3BoAHTcff

3BeHoM-IIJecTepKoq,

no

cyqecTBy

cocroquluM

fi3

Tpex

sBeHbeB-

ABOeK,

r,r3

KOTopbIx

IIepBafl

ABOI?Ka

BbIKJIaAbIBaeT

HapyxHyIO

BepCTy'

BTO-

pafl

-

BHyrpeHHIoIo

Bepcry

K

rperbq

nponsBoAur

sa6yrxy.

3neHo-ulecTepKa

beg,er

KJIaAKy,

nepeMeulaffcb

HenpepbIBHbIM

rloroKoM

no 3axBarKe'

I{ ecJIH

3axBaTKa

aHuutranouOft

npOrnXeHUOCrA'

TO

Ha

Hefi

uOxHO

pa6OTaTb OAHO-

BpeMeHHO

AByM-rpeM

3B_eHbqM

I',tJIH

AByM-TpeM

noroKaM

c

paspblBoM Mex(Ay

eBeHrgN,ILI

6-,8

ltt.

Taroft

MeroA

HagbtBaercfl

norol{Ho-KoJIbIIeBbIM'

H

oH

rlacro

HC[OJIb3yercfl

IIpfi

KJIaAKe

Cres

6onruHx

sAaHHfi'

flpu

nunOJIHeHHH

KaMeHHOft

Kila4lru

cOCTaB

3BeHbeB'

OpraHg3aqgfl

pa-

6oru

l.r

pa6ouefo

Mecra

AoJr)KHbr

o6ecnequsarb

HaI{6oJIee

BbIcoKyIo

[poH3-

BoAHTeJrbHocrb

rpyAa

r{

noJrHoIIeHHoe

I4cIIoJIb3oBaHHe

Kax4ofi uuuyrbl

pa-

6oqero

BpeMeHH

Kax(Aoro

KaMeHIIII{Ka

u

noApyqHoro'

3rol,ry

B 3Har{HTenlnoft

Mepe

cnoco6cTByer

sa6.taroBpeMenHaff

pa3pa-

6orxa

TeXHoJIoruqecKLIx

Kapr

I,I

KaJIeHAapHoro

nJIaHa-rpaQuKa

BbI[OJIHeHHfl

KaMeHHoft

KJIaAKu

c

yqeroM

peaJIbHbIX

yc.nonufi [poI'I3BoAcrBa

pa6or'

Xopouro

npoAyMaH

HAfl

H

BbrnoJrHeHH

af

opraEKsar\Lrfl.

fipoqecca

KJIaAKH

no 3apagee

pa3pa-6oTaHHoMy

rpaQr.rry

o6ecnbqr.reaer

BbIcoKyIo

Bblpa6orry

a BbrcoKoe

KaqecrBo

pa6or.

s

64.

IPOH3BOACTBO KAMEHHbIX

PA6OT

B

3HMHEE

BPEMTI

B

CCCP.ycneuHo

npHMeHsror

crroco6

BbInoJIHeHHf

3I4MHefI

KJIaAKI'I

KHp-

nlrrlHbrx

creH

Ha

oTKpbrToM

BO3AyXe,

AonycKaq

3aMopax{[BaHHe

pacrBopa

B

paHHeM Bo3pacre

HJrH

rrpnMeHrrs

pacrBopbl

c

xI4MIzqecKuMH

Ao6aBKaMH,

noH

H>KaIOilII4

MI{

reM

fiep

aTy

py

3 aMep

s aHHfl

p

a cTBop

a'

Olnofi

u3

BalKHbIx

oco6euuocTeil

paHHero 3aMopaxflBag6fl

pacTBopa

fBJrfleTcfl

IIOBbIIXeHHaf

c)KHMaeMocTb

ero

B

IIepHoA

nepBoto

oTTaHBaHI'Is'

llo uepe

oTraHBaHHfl

pacTBopa

rpoHcxoAHT

ero

ynJIorHeHHe,

KOTOpOe

MOX<eT

loii".'uro

l-2

1tu

ua^xaxAnrfi

ubrp

Bblcorbl

6yronor?

KJIaAKH

u 0,5-l

t4-ilt-

vI

!v vHvrrvr

I---

-f

npotlHocrb;

n) MapKa

3HMHerO

paCTBOpa

nocJle oTTaHBaHHfl

CHHX(aeTCfl

Ha oAHy

HJrlr

HecKoJIbKo

cryneueli

;

r) cqenJreuue

pacrBopa

c

KupnuqoM,

ulJlaro6eroHotvt

lI

ApyrHMH

KaMHq-

MH

noHHX(aeTCq;

A)

cxHMaeMocrb

pacrBopa Bo

BpeMfl ero

nepBofo

orraHBaHHfl

noBbl-

uIaeTcfl.

l2*

t7l

t72

f naaa

X.

Kaueunote

pa6orot

Be.(euue

KHpnHI{Hoft

xna/..xu

c

flocneAyrotrluM

3aMopaiKaBaHgeru

pac-

TBopa npHBoAHT

K

Toi\{y,

qro

sacrnrrHo

orBepAeBruarl pacrBop

B

nep6oA

AaJrb-

ueliruero

SaMopa>KHBaHHfl.

flepecraer orBepAeBarb

H rrporrHocrb

efo

rorrrac

x(e

[OcJIe

oTTaHBaHHfl

ocraercfl

npl'IMepuo

rarofi

xe,

xaxofi

ona

6nr"ta

lepe,q

3aMep3aHHeM.

onuru

u

ua6nrcr,eHufl

noArBepxAaror

HeKoropyrc

norepro

npoqHocra

pacrBopoB,

3aMopox(eHHblx

s

6onee

no3AHHe

cpoKn

nocJre

HX

H3roroBJreuufl,

lpHqeM

TeM

MeHbuYrc,

qeM

rlo3)Ke

npol{3oru,rlo

3aMopa)KHBaHI4e,

T.

e.

Mapr(a

pacrBopa

nocne

orrarBal/^Hq cHHxaercff

Ha

oAHy

cryrreHb

H

AalKe

6o.nee

B

3a-

BI'TCHMOCTA

OT reM[eparypbr

Bo3Ayxa,

Hprr

Koropoir

uaxoAr{Jrcfi

pacreop.

Mu-

HITMaJIbHo

ueo6xoAHMaq

ilpoAoJIX(HTeJIbHocrb

Bbr3peBaHHs

pacrBopoB

rrptr

TTOJIOXHTE.NTHOfi

TEMNCPATYPC

AO

HX

NOCJICAYIOECTO

3AMOPAX(

HBAHH,I

AOJIX{-

Ha

IIpHHHMarbcq

panloii

roft,

npu

xotopoir

flocJreAyrotrlue

noTepl,1

flporrHocrg

He rrpeBbrrrraroT:10%

npoqHocrr.r

r4x

MapKr.r

H He

co3Aaercfl

ycnoeuir

A.rrfl

Ha_

pyrueHEq

cuerrJreriHfl

MexAy

pacTBoporr

H KaMHeM.

flpr.r

npon3BoAcrBe

pa-6or

Ha

orKpbrroM

Bo3Ayxe

cnoco6orr

3aMopaxti-

BaHVfl

CTeHbI

BbIKJIaAbIBaIOTCfl

H3

XOJTOAHOTo,

Ho

oquueHHofo

oT cHefa

H

Jrb/ia

KEptrHr{a

UIIH

KaMHfl

c HcrIoJIb3oBaHr.reM

noAorperbrx

pacrBopon

Ternrne-fr-

Typa

pacTBopa

B

Mor\{eH.r.

ero

npHMeHeHHr

Ailn

KJraAKr

no cnbco6y

3aMopa-

xHBaHHff

AoJrxHa 6uru

He

HHIKe:

npH

reMfleparype

Bo3Ayxa

Br,rue

_10

oC.

.

l0

"C

ro

x(e,

or

-10

4o

_20

"C

.

lS

.C

-

TIpu

crporrrenbcrBe

BoAonpoBoAHo-KaHaJrH3arrHoHHbrx

coopyxeHnfi

cno_

co6ou

.SaMopax{LrBaHHfr

B

cJlyqae

ueo6xoAlr*oa""-"oaBoAqr

creHbr

KHpnHq-

Hltx

glaHafi,

npe4ua3HarIeHHbIX

AJrrr

)KHJrbfl,

KoHTop,

HacocHbrx

craHqul'r,

cre'Kr'r

cMorpoBbrx

KoJroArreB

H

AalKe

BoA.Hanopnlix

6auen.

KraAxy

*"

KflPtrfiIIHbIX

KAHAJII,3AUHOHHbIX

KOJIJICKTOPOB

NPU

HHSKHX

TCMNCPATYPAX

HC-

o6xoAunao

Becrn

B

TenJrfiKax.

!,nn

envuefi

xnaAra

creH

u

SyH4anreHToB

er,auuir

cnoco6ou

3aMopalKa-

BaHIjfl

AO[yCKaeTcff npHMeHerrHe

r{eMeHTHbrx

r{

cJro}KHbrx

pacTBOpOB

MapKH

ne

Huxe

10,

a

Ailfl

KJTaAKLT

HeCyUux

cro.n60B

r.r nepeMblr{eK,

a

tanxe

A.rrs

creH

BoAoHanopHbrx

6aures

_

He

Huxe

50.

rrpol{SBoAcrBo

KaMeHHbIx

pa6or

B 3I{MHee

BpeMfl

cBfl3aHo

c

Her(oropbrM

yBerHrIeHHeM

Hx

croHMocru,

tto'coKpaueHHe

cpoKoB

crpoqTeJrbcrea

sAaHHfi

H

c_oopyxeuutl

u

6o.nee

paunnfi

BBoA

Hx

n

excnnyarar{Hro

AaroT

sHar{r.rre.[b-

xurfi

gxo'oMrrqecK'ft

sQ$err,

pr

nosroMy

n

naruefi

crpaH_e

KaMeHHbre

pa6oru

BeAyrct

B

rerreHae

r(pyuroro

rona

89

ncex pafionax'CCCp.

io"i*o

crpog_

TeJIbcrBo

KI{prIHqHbIx

KoJIJIeKTopon

o6rtuHo

npuypoqaBaercfl

x

6o.nee

TenJrbrM

ilepHoAaM

BpeMeHH,

TaK

KaK

ycrpolictno

rennqkbB,

?rx

ororrJreHHe

n HeyAo6-

crBa

B

pa6ore,

BbI3blBaeMnre

Hanpr.IHeM

TenJItKoB

I.I oronJleHr.rfl

B

TpaHtrleflx,

3HaqHTeJIbHO

tIoBbIIlaIoT

He

roJIbKO

CTOHMOCTb

pa6or,

Ho

H ux

,pyao"nn*ocrb.

s

65.

tIpoBEpKA

KAT|ECTBA

KAMEHHbTX

pA6oT

KauenHnte

gAaHHr.

H

coopylKeHufl

paccqllTbrBarorcfl

Ha

no.nro,rerHnfi

cpol(

cJlyx{6u.

KaqecrBo

MarepHailol,

npHMeHfleMbrx

npfi

cTpouTeJrbcrBe

ra-

KHx

3AaHwtt

u coopyl*eHwit,

H

KaqecrBo

pa6or

Ao"[xHbr

nocroffHHo

npoBe-

pflTbcq

B

coorBercrBww

c npaBHJraMH

npuerur(H

MarepnaJroB

ll

pa6or.

To.nlxo

npH

TaKofi nponepxe

Mox(Ho

o6ecnequrb

AoJrroJrerr{e

BbrcrpoeHHbrx

s\aHuk

H

coopyiKeunri.

flonrnuo

nocroflHHoft

nponepKr.r

KaqecrBa

KaMeHHofi

x.naAxu

B

npoqec-

ee ee BbrnoJrHeHHfl

cJreAyer

npou3BoAHTb

raKx{e

rexHHqecKoe

ocBHnereJrbcr-

$

66.

Texnurca

1esonacuocru npu

npousaodcrle

KaileHHbtx

paSor

BoBaHrre

cr(pbrrblx

pa60r

c cocraBJreHHeM

coorBercrByroulux

AoKyMeHTon

(ax-

ToB

Ha

cKpbrrbre

pa6oru).

flpu npueMKe

BbITIoJIHeHHbIx

KaMeHHbtx

KoHcrpyKurlli

nponepflrorcfl

aK-

TbI Ha

cKpblTbte

pa6orrt,

a B

cryrrae

Bo3HHKHoBeHI{fl cousesull

-

lr

co6crBeH-

lro

cKpbrrue

pa6orH.

Ka,recrBo

npLIMeHeHHoro

Kupnr{qa,

6roxoe

H

Apyrnx

usAenr.rfi

ycraHaBJluBaercfl

Ha ocHoBaHr.ru

nac[oproB

Ha sru

Nrarepr.raJrbr,

Bbr-

AaBaeMbrx

3aBoAaMH-H3roroBI,ITeJrflMH, a

KaqecrBo pacrBopon

u

6eroHoB

-

rro

AaHHbrrrr

.n a6op aropHblx

ucnuranur?.

flpn

npneMKe KaMeHHbIX

KoHcrpyKIl,zfi, nornoJrHeHHbrx

B 3r,rMHee BpeMfl,

KpoMe yKa3aHHoro

Bbrure

npeAbflBJrrercfi xypHaJr

3HMHHX

pa6or.

B

xyp-

HaJIe

pa6or

elKeAHeBHo

He

l(eHee

3

pas

B.cyrKl4

AoJrx{Hbr

orr\{eqarbcfl:

TeM-

neparypa

HapyxHoro

Bo3Ayxa

HIIln B

TenJrrKe

B nepuoA

rrpou3BoAcraa pa6or,

Tel!{[epaTypa

pacTBopa

B IvroMeHT ero

yKJIaAKI4,

TeMnepaTypa

KJraAKr{

rpH

ee HcKyccrBeHHoM nporpeBe

H

T.

A.

B

>rypna.ue

pa6or

raK)Ke

oriu€qaercq

cocroflHr{e

Kai\{eHHbrx

KoHcrpyKrllrfi

e nepHoA

orranB

atttr H

Apyrue

Qamopu,

BJrHfiIou{He Ha

Kaqecrno

pa6or.

TexuuqecKuMH ycJIoBHTMII

Ha npoH3BoAcrBo

H npHeMKy

Kar\{eHHbrx

H

neqHblx

pa6or

ycraHoBJIeHbI

Ao[ycKaeMbre

orKJioHeHHfl rrpH xameriHoft

KJraAKe

QyHaaueuroB,

creH H cro.rl6oe

uz 6yra, KHpnHrra,

xauuefi

n Kpyq-

Hnrx

6roxos.

3ru

,qonycruMble

orKJIoHeHufl

or rrpoeKTHbrx

pa3MepoB

no

roJrurnHe,

or-

MerKaM

o6peson u eraxer?, urHpHHe

npocreHKoB

H

rrpoeMoB,

cMerrreHlrrc

nx

ocer? u

ocer? xoucrpyxur.rrt

u

yrJroB

KJTaAKH

or

BeprrrKailH

HJIH

pflAoe

KJraAKrd

or ropIr3oHTaJIIl HT.

A.

ycraHaBJlnBalor

ror ilpeAeJr,

rrepexoA

3a Koropbrfi

rpe-

6yer.nHeceHr,rs

ficnpaBJreswfi

n BbrJrolKegHyro

KoHcrpyxullro.

Meroaoi lrcnpaB-

.neuatl

AonyuIeHHbIx

HerorlHocterl

KJTaAKH

yKa3brBarorcfl

B TexHHqecKr.rx ycno-

BHsx,

Hanpr{Mep

o6napyxeHHbre

orKJroHeHHfi

(e

npeaerax

Aonycron)

-ncefi

KoHcrpyKuI{Lt

AoJIx{HbI

ycrpaHffTbcfi

B

ypoBHe

Mex(Ayora)KHbrx

neperpurnft.

Ec.nIE

)Ke

orKJIoHeHufl BbIxoAflT

3a

[peAeJrbr

AonycKoB,

To BbIJrox(eHHaf

Ka*

MeHHafl

KOHCTpyKT{rrfl

AOJr}KUa

6UTb

paso6pana

H cJro}KeHa

3aHOBO.

Toquo

raK )r(e

H ilpLt KJraAKe

creH H3

KpynHbrx

6roxoe

AonycKarorcr

He-

KOTOpbre

oTKJTOHeH rifl

.

To.nnro

npa

co6.nIoAeHIIH

ncex

rpe6onasnfi

TexHuriecKHx

ycJroBrafi

sAa-

IrHe,

cMoHTHpoBaHHoe

LIs Kpy[Hbrx

6floxoe

rrJrrr rraHeJrefi,

6yAer ycroliuunuu,

npo!{Hblr\{

r.r

AoJrroBeqHbrM.

s

66.

TEXHHKA EE3OTTACHOCTH

IIPH

ITPOH3BOACTBE

KAMEHHbIX

PA6OT

K

pa6oraM

rro xaueHHor? KJraAKe

AonycKarorcR

pa6ouae,

flporueAupe

TeXIITHHHMyM H o6yueHuue rrpaBuJraru rexHHKH 6esonacHocrn

rrpu

npoH3BoA-

crBe

KaMeHHbrx

pa6or.

Ao

Ha,rala

H

Bo BpeMff

npou3BoAcrna pa6or

no KJraA-

re

QyH4aMeHToB

noA

creHbl sAaHuIt HJrH

KuptHqHbIX

KaHaJrH3auHoHHbrx

KoJr-

teKTopoB seo6xoAuMo npoBepflrb

ycrofi.rueocrl

H

rrpoqHocrb

xpeu.neuHft,

cocrorHue

H npaBHJIbHocrb

orKocoB

HepacKpe[JreHHbrx

rpaHruert

u

KorJro-

BAHOB.

flpn

pa6orax

c

BoAoorJIHBoM

HJrH

B

AoxAJrHByro

noroAy

HaA3op

3a

co-

croflHneM

Kpen.neHHli

AorxeH

6urn

ycHJreH.

B

c.nyuae

o6napyxe*Hfl

Kannx-nu1o

AeQeKToB

B

r{penJreHHqx

HflH noA-

BItx(KH

orKocoB

B

HepacKpe[JleHHbrx

rpaHrxerx

LrIrLr KorJroBaHax

pa6oru

B Hrrx

AoJrx(Hbr

6urs npeKpaqeHbr

H

pa6ouue

HeMeAJTeHHO yAaneHbr-

_

Bo BpeMs noAar{H

Knpnur{a,

KaMHfl,

pacrBopa

H

Apyrux

MarepuaJroB pa-

6oqne He

AoJIxGbI

HaxoAnTbcfl

B 3oHe nepeMeureHus

cTpeJrbr

xpaua.

Cnn-

MaTb

cTponoBKy

pa3peuaeTcfl

ToJIbKO

nOCJre

ycTaHoBKH

OnyUIeHHOTO fpysa

Ha

noAMocTsx HJrH

AHe

TpaHrrreH.

t73

t74

lnaaa XI

. Eerouuble

u lrcerteso1eroHtble

pa6orw

fIpoUaao,UHTb

KJIaAKy

cTof

Ha

cTeHe,

a

TaK)Ke xOAHTb

no

cTeHaM

3anpe-

ilIaercff.

flpr.r

x.na4Ke creH

3AaHHfi

Heo6xoAHMo

ycrpal{Barb

HapyxiHble

3aulur-

IIbIe

KosbIpbKLI

uupHHoI?

He

MeHee

i,5

u c

yKJIoHoM

K

cTeHe

20'; x.paneHue

Marepr{anoB Ha

Ko3brpbKax,

a

raK}Ke

nepeABHxeHHe

IIo HHM

JIIOAeI?

3anpe-

ulaercff.

f JIABA

XI

EETOHHbIE

H

XEJIE3OEETOHHbIE

PAEOTbI

s

67.

o6u{HE

CBEIEHHfl

O

EETOHHbIX

H

XEJIE3O6ETOHHbIX

PAEOTAX

Berouou

Ha3brBaroT

oKaMeHeBIrIyrO

B

peSynbTaTe

TBepAeHlIfl

CMecb

u3

rIeMeHTa,

necKa

H

rpaBHr

u.rru

qe6sfr

c

Ao'aexolt

eoAbl

B

ycTaHoBJIeHHbIx

nponopufisx-

Eeros

xopotuo

BbIAepxuBae-T

HarpygKy Ha c)KarI,Ie,

Ho

nJloxo

couporuurqercfl

pacrrrfr,rBaolIraM

u

usrr6aroulllM

ycl{JlIasirt.

lloaroMy

e 6e-

TOHHbre

KOHCTpyKTIHH,

rroABepfarcIquecfl

pacTfl)KeHulo

unu ugrn6y,

AJIfl

Boc-

rr ayqHJrucb

yBeJrHqr{BaTb

llpoqHocTb

6erounux

KoHcTpylquli nyreu

BBeAeHHf

B

HIIX CTaJIbIIOH

apMaTypbl.

B

saurefi

crpaHe

6u.nn

BogABHrHyrhr

BbIAaIoIrIHecr

AJIfi

cBoero

BpeMeHH

>releso6e,roHuble

coopyx{eHl4fl

(Hanpalrep,

MaqK

B Hnxo.naene,

nopToBble

coopyxeH

ufl

Ha

tlepHorvr

u BantnfrrcKoM

Mopffx

H

Ap.)

._

'i{o

oco6eHHo

ruupoKo

crpoureJrbcrBo

x<eJleso6eroHHblx

coopyx<euuri

n samefi

crpaHe

craJro

fipoBoAr]Tbcfl

c

Haqafia

HHAycrpHaJIH3aUHH crpaHbl.

CoeercxuMu

yqeHbrrurE

6una

paepa6oraHa reopus

pacqera

cJIoxHbIx xeJle-

Lr

KoHcrpyxqufi.

C6opHue

xe.neeo6eroHHbre

r(oHcrpyKllrru

IIrHpoKo npuMeHnlorcfi B npo-

MbrrrrJreHHoM,

rpaxAaHcKoM,

XHJIIIUIHOM,

AOpOX(HOM

H

ApyrHX

Br4\aX CTpOH-

TeJrbcrBa.

Ouu raxxe rrpuMeHflrorcff

B BoAorIpoBoAHo-KaHaJIHgaIrHoHHoM

crponTenbcrBe

rrpn

ycTpoficrne

cMorpoBbrx

KoJroAqeB I{

KaMep BoAo[poBoA-

Ho-KarraJrH3arlnoHHbrx

cerer?,

KoJrJreKTopoB H rouuereft,

sAaHHft HacocHblx

r.r

Sn.nurpoBa.rrbHbrx

craHqrEfi, nplr crpouTeJlbcrBe

BoAoHa[opHbIX

6arueH,

pe-

3epByapoB

r-r orctoftnnKoB.

flpu

nosneAeHnH

MoHoJrHTHbrx

>KeJreso6eroHHHx coopylKeuufi

B

KoMn-

JreKc )r(eJrego6erousrrx

pa6or

BXoAffT cJreAyrcque

flpotleccbl: rloAroroBKa,

ycrauoBKa

H

cHflTHe

ona.rry6xlr,

H3roroBJIeHHe

H

ycrauoBKa

apMarypbl, npu-

roroBJreHne,

TpaHcfloprrzpoBaHlre,

yKJraAKa

r.r

yrIJIorHeHue

6erosnotl

cMecn

?t

yxoA

sa 6eroHorvr.

Vcuemroe

BbrrroJrneHue

xeJre3o6eroHurtx

pa6or

3aBucI,IT

or

ssanl4Holi

yBfl3KH

OTAeJrbHbrX

npOqeCCOB

H MaKCHMaJTbHOTO

fiCnOJrb3OBaHHfl

CPe.U,CTS

$

68.

Onattg6ouuote

Pa6orot

JTHTHblx

xeneso

6eroHHbIX

KoHcrpyKunfl

x.

s

68.

onAfivBoqHblE

PABOTbI

NJTOTIIHbI.

Aonxga

6url

sKoHoMr,rqsoft

xax

B

I,I3foroBJIeHHLI,

TaK H B

3Kcnnyaraul{H,

o6ecne.rnnaq

MHoroKparHocrb

ee

r{cnoJlb3oBaHllfl

(6o"rrturan

o6opauunae-

nnocrn).

B

xoHcrpyKTuBHoM

ornorxeHHu

oga.ny6Ka,

HcnoJlb3yeMaff

rlpIr crpou-

TeJrbcrBe

KoJrJreKTopoB,

p$epByapoB, 6aruen,

orcrofiunxoB,

noApa3AeJlflercn

Ha cJreAyroulne

ocHoBHbIe

BIaAbI:

pa36opHo-repecTaBHat,

paa6opHo-nepe-

ABI,IXHa

ff

,

CKOJIb3fl

II{ Afr.,

HIIL|

nOAbeM

Ho-nep

eAB

H}KHafl'

H

CTaqHOH

a

pH

a

q.

P

as6o

p

tto-ne

p

e cr

a*Han onaJty

6rca cocrol{T

H3 orAeJIbHbIx 3

apaHee 3aro-

ToBJreHHbrx

IqI{ToB,

xopo6on

H

Apyrux

sJIeMeHTon,

co6upaeMblx u

paa6upae-

Mbrx

MgofoKparHo

B

npoqecce

Bo3BeAeHHr

creu,

nepeKpblTttit, 6anox,

KoJroHH

r{

ApyrHX

I(oHcTpyKrHBHbIx

sJIeMeHToB

npH coopyxeHuu

p$epByapon,

Qu.tllt-

poBaJrbHblx

crasuaft

H T.

A.

Ha

pnc.

l l3

noxasaua

pas6opHo-nepecraBHafl

onaay6xa 6es6afloqullx

nepeKpbrrr.rfi,

xoropbre

npuxoALlTcrr

ycrpauBarb

IIpH crponTeJlbcrBe npoli3-

BoAcrBeHHbrx

3AaHr{ft,

Qu.rrrrpoBaJIbHbIX

crauqufi,

pe3epByapoB

H T.

a.

B

o6-

tr1uft xonr[JreKT raxoli ona"ny6xn

BXoAqr

pas6opuure

Aerad'IH

ona.ny6xH

xo-

JToIIH c

KanlITeJIflMH, croeK,

uII{ToB Lr r.

L.

Bce

gflel{eHTbl

orlaJly6xu

3aroroB-

Jrflrorcff 3apaHee B

AepeBoo6Ae.[o,{HrIx

MacrepcKux, MapKupytorcn

rr

ornpaB-

Jrflrorcfl

K

Mecry

ycraHoBKH, rAe

npou3BoAtrrcr

Hx

c6opxa flepeA

6eroHlt-

pQBaH

HeM COO

py)KeHI{f

.

I( tqvnrrr, \r/6 Trrn\r noa(nntrn-n6na^ToDEnri nna ntrAvrt nrun^rrrnq

u

t\Ylq-

I\

rqr\vrYrJ

Jr\v

rrrrrJ

HqJvvyrrv

rruyvvrqDrrvlr vrrqdrJvr\rl vrllvLrrrv/r

rr vrrq

ny6xa

Kpyrd'rbrx

pesepByapoe.

Taxaq

ona"ny6xa

npuMeHtercfl nplr Bo3BeAe'

HHr.r

KpyrJrbrx

pe3epByapoB,

MeraHTeHKoB r,r

r.

n.

rrpz Bbrcore crer{

Ao

12

nt.

Pas6opruo-nepedouutHafl

onattg6rca

cocrouT

H3 orAeJIbHbIX

LUitroB, onn-

parcrrlgxcfi

Ha

paMbr.

Taxas

oilaay6Ka

nepeABllraercfl

nptl

noMourH

TeJIe-

iKeK,

AoMKparoB

H

Apyrux

npucnoco6lesufi.

flput'neHflercfl

oHa Ha

crpon-

TerbcrBax

xe"neso6eroHHbrx

rouHe.net?

v

KoJIJIeKTopoB 6o.nnuroro

nporn-

)KeHI4q.

l/c

t76

f

naaa

XI. Eerouubte

u ilcelteso6erouruore

padorbl

Ha

puc.

I l4

noxasaHa

pa36opHo-nepeABHlKHafl

onaJry6Ka

Arq

roHHereri

nprMoyroJlbHoro

ceqeHuff. Cexqua

9Tofi

olaJly6xn

ycraHaBJrHBaroT

Ha

AHH-

IIl€,

KOTOpOe

npeABapHTeJrbHo

6eroHupyror

B

o6brrrHofi

onaJry6Ke B

BHAe

IIII'ITOB.

Cexqau

BHyrpeHHetl

ona;:y6Kt4

ycra*aBJruBarcT

Ha

onopHbre KJrHHbs,

yJrolKeHHbre

Ha

JrafH.

crconosnuqaa,

unu

nodbentHo-nepedBuacuan,

onana6Ka

(pnc.

I lb)

co-

crol{T

u3

noABl{xffioli

Qoptr,tu

B BI{Ae

AByx Aorrlarbrx,

Saueputix

HlH

Meran-

JIAqeCKHX

CTeHOK, TIOAHI4MaeMbIX

BBepX IIpu

noMoII{H

Cner{HaJrbHbIX

fipucno-

Pnc.

ll3.

Pas6opno-nepecraBuaa ona.uy6ra

6es6aroqHoro

nepexpblrnfl

pe3epByapa

1-xopo6-.KoroHHbr;

2-crofira

pasABux.rafli

3-oroaosHr.rxi

4-raru;

5-pacruHBKa:

6-6onr

uonraxnnf,;

7-KrHHbs, napHble;8-onaay6xa

Kanrire,rrH

KoJtoHHbr;

9-nporoiu;

/0-uturu

ona-

'

Jry6xn

naaru; .f,l

-

Qpusoaar

AocKa;

/2

-

,qaepqa

npouucruoro

oraef

crHa

co6.rrennfi

ito

Mepe

6etoHupoBaHHfl

coopyxeHr{rr

(crno"rra

BoAoHanopHori

6autrw,

pe3epByapa,

orcroilru.Ka,

AbrMoBorl

Tpy6br

r{

T.

A.).

Aocxu

creHoK

Lrntvt

JrLrcrbl ToJIcroI?

SaHepor

cKperfirrrcTcfl

npn

noMouIH

KpyxaJI,

KOTopbIe

B

cBolo

oqepeAb

Kpe[frCs

K

fl-o6pasusrlr

noAbeMHbrM

AoMKparHbIM

paMau.

'Il,orr,IrparHble

-

P_arvrry

pacnoJrararorcr

IIo

oKpy]KHocrH

6eronupyeMoro

coopy)KeH{r

qepes

1,5-2

tvt

u

y^ep>KHBarcT

creHKH

onaJry6-

KH- HMgloflrlre Bblcorv l-l -2 u-

na

HeHRMer{HnM nqenrnquvu

Tl nq

n<..o--,,o

J

-

,l-{srlr

vvgrvl

aL-

HI4ff

noAbeMa

orlaJly6xu

AocKH

naJIy6bI

o6eux creuoK ycraHaBJrnBaror

raK,

qro6u

paccroflHl.re

Me)KAy

HHMpr

BHH3y

6nr.no

na 8-10

ilr+L

6orrue,

uenr

BBepxy.

flonepxuocrb

AocoK

na.ny6u,

o6pauleuuafl

K 6eroHy,

IoJr)Kna 6urt

ocrporauuofi.

BuHroerre

AoMxparbr,

cJry>xaulr{e

AJrfl

noAbeMa

cKoJrb3flrrlefi

ona.ny6xa,

YKPETTJIflIOT

HA BEPXHHX

NONCPCIIHHAX

AOMI(PATHbIX

PAM

CTAJIbHbIMH

AOMKPAT.

}IbIMH

IIJIAHKAMH.

$

68. Onang1o+nue

pa6orw

x

o

F

o

x

'&

T

@

F

o

F

C'):l

r*i

x h>

t^

::

'>a

.X

sE

vo

>r aitr

(! a)x

O

sH

E=

c(

pA

g

E.F

it .,l{

r

Er

rrl

!8.

x

x'|a

o-

E=

c)

,.9

F

lo.

O6r

oro

o

\o

c!

,SE

o

.:@

E

dE

nI:

a!

o

?,

e

*.

s

t.

S

I

o

E

a

s

5

c\

el

q

\

a

.\

\s

q<

s\

:.-'s

x

it:

iF--:--=

a

t

5

$

Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.