Болсуновская Л.М., Абрамова Р.Н., Матвеенко И.А. (ред.) Petroleum engineering. Teachers book. Нефтегазовое дело. Книга для учителя

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

b) Serious Accident

c) Fatality

5) How would you call being on Company premises, on Company

business, and while travelling on Company business, and being on a

location not owned by the Company where all or nearly all of the work is

being performed for the Company and the Company has a full-time

representative on site.

a) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

b) While at Work

c) Accident

6) A meeting on an operational site which takes place prior to an activity

which is especially hazardous or which is unfamiliar to the workers is

…

a) Toolbox talk

b) Action plan

c) Lost time accident

7) How would you call an injury that requires first aid, but is not

disabling injury or occupational illnesses which, following treatment,

do not result in lost time, or property damage and loss in excess of

$10,000?

a) Major Accident

b) Minor Incident

c) Minor Accident

8) An accident causing injury or occupational illness such that the person

concerned is unable to resume normal duties the next day or shift

(irrespective of field breaks, leave or holidays) is?

a) Lost Time Accident

b) Lost Time Incident

c) Fatality

Exercise 12. Read the introduction to BP’s 8 golden rules. Find the words

in the text that mean the same as the words and phrases below.

T. elicits what students know about the BP (British Petroleum) company.

Then T. tells students that they will be looking at BP’s 8 golden rules.

First, they should discuss in small groups what they think are important

safety rules for people working in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries

and note them down.

Conduct feedback. Discuss some of the students’ ideas with the whole

group.

Find words in the text that mean the same as the words and phrases

below.

- Ask students to read the introduction to the golden rules. Ask

comprehension questions to ensure general understanding, e.g. What

does the policy state? What happens before work is started? What must

be worn? When must people stop work?

- Set the task to find words and phrases in the text for individual work

and pairwork checking.

- Conduct feedback. Elicit answers with the whole group. Deal with any

other unfamiliar words such as conduct, potential, obligation, and

scenario.

Answers:

1. Harm

2. Enforced

3. Risk assessment

4. Competent

5. Site requirements

6. Emergency response plans

7. Commencement

8. Obligation

13. Write in a safety rule next to explanation.

- Refer Ss to the word box. Point out that this is formal language, e.g. in

general spoken English we would replace confined space entry with

going into small spaces.

- Set the task for individual reading. Advise Ss to scan the rules to look

for key words that they associate with them. Do the first one together.

The word permit is in line 3. Reassure Ss that they do not need to

understand every word to have a general understanding of the text.

- Conduct feedback.

- Allow Ss to choose five words from the text that are unfamiliar to them

and check the meanings in a dictionary. Pool their findings with the

whole group.

Answers:

1. Permit to work

2. Working at heights

3. Energy isolation

4. Confined space entry

5. Lifting operations

6. Management of change (MOC)

7. Driving safety

8. Ground disturbance

Exercise 14. A.



Listen to Bob describing an incident. Think of questions

you would like to ask about it.

Tapescript:

Bob: I cut my hand when I was working. I was changing a valve, and

while I was removing it, my pipe wretch slipped and cut into my hand. I

wrapped my hand in my handkerchief and got someone to take me to the

medical block. The doctor said I needed stitches, and I thought “Oh no!”

Then, when he was stitching up my hand, I fainted!

T. plays the recording for Ss to listen and compares their questions. Then,

T. elicits the questions Ahmed asked by giving prompts if necessary.

While eliciting T uses Past Continuous Tense in the second question. Why

were you changing the valve? T. highlights the form, drawing attention to

the use of the auxiliary were and the use of –ing.

Answers:

When did it happen?

Why were you changing the valve?

Who took you to the medical block?

Did it hurt?

What did the doctor do when you fainted?



Listen to Ahmed asking Bob about the incident. Were his questions

the same as yours?

Tapescript:

Ahmed: When did it happen?

Bob: Yesterday evening, just before the end of my shift.

Ahmed: Why were you changing the valve?

Bob: Oh, it was old and faulty.

Ahmed: Who took you to the medical block?

Bob: One of the roustabouts.

Ahmed: Did it hurt?

Bob: Not at first. It started hurting when I had the stitches, and it’s quite

sore now.

Ahmed: What did the doctor do when you fainted?

Bob: I don’t know! When I woke up, I was lying on the couch!

C. Work with a partner. Ask each other questions about the incident. One

person plays the role of Bob and one person plays the role of Ahmed.

T. sets the task for pairwork and monitors where necessary. Then asks

some pairs to repeat their dialogues for the class. Then T. Asks Ss to write

down the dialogues from memory.

Part II

UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM

Chapter 1

GEOPHYSICS

Д.А. Терре

UNIT 1

GEOPHYSICS. GENERAL INFORMATION

Lead-in. T. elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things

connected with Geophysics and make collective mind map (spidergram) on

the board as the ideas are suggested, so that they can see how T. draws out

the aspects of the topic. The reasoning behind mind map is that Ss do not

think in an ordered or linear way, but rather explore a topic by moving

between its various aspects.

The next stage in this procedure may be division of all items suggested into

groups and explanation of Ss’ associations.

This activity will prepare Ss to work with the topic of the Unit 1.

Exercise 4. Form adjectives from the following words.

seismology-seismic; elasticity-elastic; remanence-remanent;

homogeneity-homogenous; density-dense; accuracy-accurate;

detection-detective; quantity-quantitative; prospecting-prospective;

physics-physical; magnetics-magnetic; exploration-exploratory.

Exercise 5. Match the words from the first column with their synonyms

from the second.

1. H 2. E 3. F 4. I. 5. B 6. G 7. A 8. C 9. D

Exercise 6. Match the verb with the noun to form collocations. Add a

preposition where necessary.

locate bodies

consider factors

measure dimensions

utilize natural fields of force

consist of measurements

survey ground

necessitate introduction

cover depth/ distance

decide a drilling programme

give indication

determine properties

be of irregular shape

Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps.

1. (to measure dimensions)

2. (particular features)

3. (detection and determination of physical properties)

4. (geological both)

5. (geophysical survey)

6. (economics, logistics)

7. (elasticity, electrical conductivity, density, magnetic susceptibility,

remanence, electrical polarizability)

8. (degree of radioactivity)

Exercise 8. Make up sentences using the following words.

1. Many geophysical factors govern the choice of method for particular

survey.

2. Magnetic survey can be a preliminary stage for seismic shooting in oil

prospecting.

3. Economic and scientific factors are considered in deciding a drilling

programme.

4. A combination of magnetic and gravity data help to detect

concentrations of valuable metallic ores.

5. Geophysics is not necessary for civil engineering which deals with

small depths.

6. Exploratory drilling on a large scale requires much money.

Exercise 9. Give English equivalents of the given Russian words.

1. of both/ and; 2. necessitates; 3. bedrock depth/ sites; 4. particular/

heterogeneity; 5. remanence/ determined to a greater extent; 6. electrical

conductivity/ indication; 7. on the other hand/ inaccuracy/ substantial/

carry out exploratory drilling); 8. seismic surveys/ same / prospecting/

civil engineering.

Exercise 10. Replace the underlined words or word-combinations with their

synonyms from your active vocabulary. In some instances you have to

change the structure of the sentence.

1. The accuracy of measurements is very essential for surveys.

2. Some subsurface rocks are characterized as materials with high

electrical conductivity.

3. The homogeneity of the formation determines the choice of

geophysical method.

4. One more method of seismic survey is called seismic shooting.

5. Geophysical exploration makes use of phenomena which can be

interpreted through the fundamental laws of physics.

6. Great depth and simple geology of the formation necessitate

application of geophysical survey.

7. Employment of more than one survey method in oil prospecting helps

to detect indications of valuable metallic ores.

8. Irregular shape of rock of complex structure makes it difficult to make

quantitative interpretation of a particular structure.

Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps with the given words.

1. prospecting; 2. necessitates; 3. deciding; 4. makes use; 5. essential; 6.

electrical conductivity; 7. quantitative interpretation; 8. civil engineering;

9. substantial, seismic survey; 10. particular

Exercise 12. Translate into English.

(Suggested translation)

1. The extensive application of seismic surveys is evidence of their

essential role in prospecting for oil. 2. In choosing sites for spudding

wildcats almost every oil company makes use of results from seismic data

interpretation. 3. Although in many instances the results of seismic survey

allow to detect geological structures but not to find oil directly, the

possibility of a success is substantial enough to cover expenses for seismic

operations. 4. Seismic surveys are of the same importance for

underground water prospecting in the civil engineering. 5. By using them

it is possible to measure bedrock depth, the knowledge of which is

necessary for constructions of big buildings, highways and ports. 6. They

are also applied to determine whether you will need shootings while

building roads in case if you can meet such potential dangers as caverns,

abandoned mines below the chosen prospects. 7. During these operations

the specialists detect if in the profile there are disjunctive interruptions

which can be dangerous for atomic power stations. 8. On the other hand,

seismic methods are rarely applied in direct mineral prospecting as they

cannot give sufficiently reliable results when the boundaries between the

rocks are extremely irregular.

Exercise 13. Comment on the sentenses.

(Suggested answers)

1. Geophysical survey is essential for oil production.

Oil production is impossible without prospecting for hydrocarbons. In

this respect it is difficult to overestimate the importance of geophysical

survey. It is aimed to locate subsurface geological structures or bodies,

to measure their dimensions and necessary physical properties. It can

help to detect such structures as anticlines that are usually associated

with oil and give information on bedrock depth which is essential for

site constructions.

2. Geophysicists should take a lot of measurements.

To tell the truth, geophysical survey represents particular

measurements that are conducted on land, at sea, in the air, and in a

borehole. The processing and interpretation of this data helps to define

the strategy for oil extraction and field development.

3. There exist different kinds of geophysical survey.

There are gravitational and magnetic surveys that use the natural field

of force. Geophysical survey involves seismic and electrical surveys

which necessitate introducing energy into the ground. Airborne

magnetics and radiometry that make use of particular properties of

rocks. Sometimes it is necessary to combine all these methods to detect

indications of ore deposits.

4. There are a lot of rock properties substantial for geophysical works.

Geophysical survey methods are based on detection of characteristic

and contrasting properties of rocks such as elasticity, electrical

conductivity and so on.

5. We should think a lot before doing a geophysical survey.

In prospecting and site investigation there is always a choice between

exploratory drilling and geophysical survey as the later costs a lot and

requires complex technique. In civil engineering where the accuracy

should be high it will be more cost effective to do without geophysical

survey. On the other hand, where a large area must be covered in detail

(especially in oil prospecting) but high accuracy is not essential,

geophysical survey can be used. Besides, the choice of the particular

geophysical method requires consideration of a number of geological,

economic, safety, security factors and taking into account

environmental concerns.

Exercise 15. State which words the following nouns are formed from.

Seismology-seismic, volcanology-volcano, meteorology-meteo,

oceanology-ocean, measurement-measure, composition-compose,

difference-differ, determination-determine, formation-form.

Exercise 16. Form adjectives from the following nouns.

Gas-gaseous, density-dense, gravitation-gravitational, magnetism-

magnetic, essence-essential, subsurface-subsurface, elasticity-elastic,

seismology-seismic, atmosphere-atmospheric, detection-detectable,

volcano-volcanic, ocean-oceanic, geophysics-geophysical, conductivity-

conductive, application-applicable-physics-physical, significance-

significant, suit-suitable.

Exercise 17. See the correct arrangement of the text in exercise 21.

Exercise 18.



You are going to listen to an interview with Steve

Holbrook, Professor of University of Wyoming (UW), Geology Geophysics

Department. The notes on the information from the interview are given

below. For gaps (1–10) you should fill in words that are missing. No more

than two words can be used.

1.active source, 2. earth makes, 3. acoustic, 4. enthusiastic, 5.methane

hydride, 6. climate change, 7. composition, 8. oceanography, 9. image, 10.

fine arts, cultural

Tapescript

My name is Steve Holbrook. I am a geophysicist here at the department

and the kind of work I do – is seismology, particularly active source

seismology which means … the two types of seismologists, the kinds that

listen for the sounds that the Earth makes, earth seismologists. The second

kind which I am, which is the kind of seismologists who do not wait for

the sounds but make their own sound. They listen for the acoustics to

come back, their way back to figure out what’s down. That’s what I do.

What I like about working here? Well, a lot of things. I like the people.

First of…. formers… We’re really high-quality department. We have a lot

of really good students and the students who could be anywhere but who

have chosen to be here. And they are really enthusiastic that just brings a

lot of energy to the whole place, you know, having motivated faculty,

motivated students around working together or after small class research.

We have great facilities. The research that my group does and right now I

have I think four graduate students. The things that we want to do now are

gas hydrides, methane hydrides. This is a form of methane and it is very

widespread in the world’s oceans and might have played a role in the

climate change cause methane is a very risky gas.

We have a big project on array now in Costa Rico (right there) looking at

the volcanic arch. I’m trying to figure out what its origins are, what the

composition of the magma is, magma flux and things like that.

Recently we’ve just taken a very exciting turn into so-called seismic

oceanography. When conducting a seismic survey in the ocean sending

sound waves down typically through the ocean into the Earth to image the

Earth it turns out if you listen carefully enough, turn on the volume up,

you can record subtle weak echoes coming from inside the ocean.

Laramie for me is a very good place to live. I love living here. If you like

outdoor stuff which I do then it just has. But for the town of the science it

is luck on Earth because of University, it’s really science university. So

there are a lot of fine arts events, cultural events and suppose enough

indoor games too. Get down and catch a ball game and that sort of thing.

Exercise 20. Tell about geophysical survey according to the given plan

using words in brackets.

1. Geophysical survey is used to locate subsurface structures and

determine their dimensions. It also detects anticlines as oil is usually

accumulated there. Most geological formations have irregular shape as

a result in geophysical surveys the emphasis is on detection of both

their structural and physical properties.