Болсуновская Л.М., Абрамова Р.Н., Матвеенко И.А. (ред.) Petroleum engineering. Teachers book. Нефтегазовое дело. Книга для учителя
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
11
Ss are to compose the dialogues using the information and expressions
from the text.
Exercise 17. Discussion.
T can ask Ss to find some additional information on each of the points.
Exercise 18. Role-play.
T should bear in mind that the students who take a TV/Radio Presenter
role should be involved into the discussion actively using the vocabulary
of the unit and also facts learnt from the text.
Exercise 19. Prepare a poster-presentation of your specialty according to
the model given in the text.
If Ss are of the same specializations as those mentioned in the text, they
may be given the task to extend the subject and to find additional
information. If the Ss are of different specializations (e.g. pipelines,
geoecologists etc) they prepare their presentation according to the model
given in the text.
12
UNIT 2
OIL COMPANIES
Lead-in. T. elicits the information from the Ss related to the theme of the
Unit. At the same time it is connected with their future job.
Exercise 2. Read the following word-formations, translate them into
Russian.
Market (n) – marketer (n) – marketing (n): Рынок – торговец – торговля,
маркетинг
Refine (verb) – refinery (n) – refinement (n): очищать –
перерабатывающий завод – очистка
Explore (verb) – exploration (n) – exploratory (adj): разведывать –
разведка – разведочный
Produce (verb) – producer (n) – production (n): производить –
производитель – производство
Dominate (verb) – dominance (n) – dominated (part. II): доминировать –
доминирование – доминирующий
Exercise 4. State whether the sentences are true or false. If true, add the
information on the statement. If false, correct the sentence.
1. T
2. T
3. F – Upstream includes exploration, recovery and production.
4. F – Midstream is included in the downstream sector (category).
5. T
6. T
7. F – Service companies work as contractors to the oil companies.
Exercise 6. Translate the following word groups into Russian.
Oil refinery – нефтеперегонный завод, pipeline company –
трубопроводная компания, market value – рыночная стоимость,
production activity – производственная деятельность, oil and gas
exploration – разведка нефти и газа, groundwater industry –
гидрогеологическая промышленность, software and information
management – управление программным и информационным
13
обеспечением, market leader – лидер рынка, private sector energy
corporation – частная энергетическая компания.
Exercise 7. Give the synonyms to the words from the text.
the whole = entire, to provide = to supply, to look for = to search for, to
include = to comprise, survey = acquisition, manufacturer= producer,
corporation = company, estimation = evaluation, benefit = profit.
Exercise 8. Classify the words into Business terms and Petroleum
Engineering terms.
Business terms: retail outlet, joint venture, market value, profit, share,
headquarters, vendor, offshore location, consumer, revenue.
Petroleum engineering terms: crude oil, refinery, pipelines, formation
evaluation, artificial lift, seismic acquisition, well completion, raw natural
gas.
Exercise 9. Translate from Russian into English.
сырая нефть – crude oil, вся нефтяная промышленность – the entire oil
industry, нефтеперерабатывающий завод – refinery, предприятия
розничной торговли – retail outlets, центральный офис – headquarters,
удобрения – fertilizers, синтетический каучук – synthetic rubber,
определение параметров пласта – formation evaluation,
принадлежащий государству – owned by the government, совместное
предприятие – joint venture, рыночная стоимость – market value,
наклонно-направленное бурение – directional drilling, сейсмическая
обработка – seismic processing, филиал – subsidiary.
Exercise 10. Fill in the gaps with necessary prepositions.
1. The oil industry is often divided into three major sectors.
2. The downstream oil sector is a term commonly used to refer to the
refining of crude oil and the selling and distribution of natural gas and
products derived from crude oil.
3. The upstream sector includes the searching for potential underground
or underwater oil and gas fields
4. Midstream operations are usually simply included in the downstream
category
14
5. The process of oil production, transportation, refinery and sale is
managed by oil companies
6. These are deeply involved in the oil business providing services that
help oil companies to carry out their operations.
7. The company's main business is the exploration for and the
production, processing, transportation and marketing of hydrocarbons.
8. Shell is incorporated in the UK with its corporate headquarters in The
Hague, its tax residence is in the Netherlands, and its primary listings
on the London Stock Exchange.
9. Shell's revenues of $318.8 billion in 2006 made it the second-largest
corporation in the world by revenues behind only Exxon Mobil. It
operates in over 140 countries
10. Rosneft conducts oil and gas exploration and production activities on
Sakhalin island, in Siberia, in the Timan-Pechora province, and in
southern Russia, including Chechnya.
11. Its plant in Tuapse, on the Black Sea, focuses on refining high-gravity
oil from western Siberia.
12. According to its website, it seems to be completely owned by the
Russian Federation.
Exercise 11. What do the following abbreviations stand for.
RTS – Russian Trading System
NYSE – New-York Stock Exchange
ABO – Asset Based Organisation
NLG – Natural gas liquids
GD – General director
HSE – Health, Safety and Environment
LSE – London Stock Exchange
HR – Human resource department
Exercise 12. Read the following statements and decide if they are correct or
not. Use (C) for correct sentences and (F) for false ones, give your correct
variant.
1. False. It is the downstream oil sector that touches consumers through
thousands of products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil,
asphalt, lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers, antifreeze,
pesticides, pharmaceuticals, natural gas and propane.
2. False. It is oil companies or producers that manage oil production,
transportation, refinery and sale.
15
3. Correct.
4. False. Shell tax residence is in the Netherlands.
5. Correct.
6. False. Shell has five core businesses: besides Exploration and
Production, Refining and Marketing, Chemicals, and Trading/Shipping
it has also Gas and Power business.
7. Correct.
8. False. Although Rosneft is an open joint stock company, according to
its website, it seems to be completely owned by the Russian
Federation.
9. False. Schlumberger Limited is the world's largest oilfield services
corporation operating in approximately 80 countries, with about 70,000
people of 140 nationalities.
10. Correct
Exercise 13.
Listen to the tape and answer the questions given below.
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
Tapescript
ConocoPhillips uses its pioneering spirit to responsibly deliver energy to
the world. This purpose transcends all of ConocoPhillips’ operations. As
the third-largest integrated energy company in the United States, based on
market capitalization, oil and natural gas reserves, the company
understands its responsibility to deliver energy in a safe, environmentally
and socially responsible manner. ConocoPhillips is known worldwide for
its technological expertise in reservoir management and exploration, 3-D
Seismic technology and sulfur removal.
Approximately 32,500 ConocoPhillips employees work worldwide. With
operations in nearly 40 countries, ConocoPhillips is committed to
contributing to social, economic and environmental improvements.
16
ConocoPhillips centers its business on one core purpose: to responsibly
deliver energy to the world. To do this, the company finds, produces,
refines, markets and ultimately supplies energy resources to individuals
and businesses worldwide.
The company’s four core worldwide activities include:
Exploration and Production As of June 30, 2007, the company had
exploration operations in 22 countries and production in 16 countries.
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation
Natural Gas Gathering, Processing and Marketing
Chemicals and Plastics
Headquartered in Houston, Texas, the company has assets of $173 billion.
ConocoPhillips stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol "COP."
ConocoPhillips has had a presence in Russia since January 1992 when the
Polar Lights Company was established. As part of a larger strategic
alliance, ConocoPhillips entered into an agreement with LUKOIL in 2004
to create Naryanmarneftegaz, a joint venture to develop oil and gas
resources in the northern part of Russia’s Timan-Pechora province. As of
Dec. 31, 2006, ConocoPhillips had a 20 percent ownership interest in
LUKOIL based on its authorized and issued shares.
Two key people of the company are: John A. Carrig, who is an
Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer and who
joined the company in London in 1978 as a tax attorney; and Ames J.
Mulva who is a Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer at the
same time.
17
Exercise 14. Fill in the chart with the information on domestic and foreign
oil companies. Use additional resources: for example, www. Wikipedia.ed.
Name
Type
Founded
Headquarters
Industry
Products
Description
Mobil
Public
1999
1911
1911
1870
Irving, Texas
Oil and
gas
Fuels,
Lubricants
Petro-
chemicals
Exercise 15. b.
Listen to seven people talking about their work and
decide which department each one works for.
1 E Finance
2 G Research and Development
or R& D
3 A Marketing
4 B Public Relation or P
5 F Production
6 D Personnel or Human Resources
7 C
Information Technology or IT
Tapescript
Speaker 1:
Every six months we produce a report showing how the company is
doing. This past week, we’ve been busy with our accountants preparing
the results that will be included in our next report.
Speaker 2:
I’m a member of a team of engineer and we’ve just finalized the design of
our new portable computer. This model will be more powerful and more
adaptable than our previous one. We’re constantly looking for new ideas
and experimenting with new products.
Speaker 3:
Before selling our latest product, our department must decide in which
regions it will be the most successful and what types of consumers we
want to reach.
18
Speaker 4:
Communication is a key aspect of my department’s work. We answer
enquiries made by our customers and are also in contact with the press to
inform them of our new products and changes within the company.
Speaker 5:
We’ve been having problems with the quality of certain electronic parts
made in our factories. So several members of the department have got
together to talk about ways of improving some of our manufacturing
techniques.
Speakers 6:
Our company is going through a difficult period and we have to reduce
the number of employees in several departments and to review salaries
throughout the organization.
Speaker 7:
In today’s changing work environment, computer systems play an
essential role in how the company is run. In our department we not only
ensure that all systems are working properly, but we also design and
develop new applications to make it easier for our employees to exchange
and share information.
Exercise 17. Match the job title with the definition.
A. 6
F. 3
B. 8
G. 9
C. 5
H. 10
D. 2
I. 4
E. 1
J. 7
Exercise 21. Read the text and discuss the after-text questions. See
Appendix 3 (pg. 63–64 ).
The given text contains a number of unknown words that can be explained
by the T.:
Comments
19
Revenue is a business term for the amount of money that a company
receives from its activities in a given period, mostly from sales of
products and/or services to customers. It is not to be confused with the
terms "profits" or "net income" which generally mean total revenue minus
total expenses in a given period. In Europe (including the UK) the term is
turnover. For individuals, the equivalent term is income.
Net income is equal to the income that a firm has after subtracting costs
and expenses from the total revenue. Net income can be distributed among
holders of common stock as a dividend or held by the firm as retained
earnings. Net income is primarily an accounting term used in the US; in
other countries (such as the UK) profit. Additionally, in the US net
income is often (though ambiguously) called just income.
The items deducted will typically include tax expense, financing expense
(interest expense), and minority interest. Likewise, preferred stock
dividends will be subtracted too, though they are not an expense. For a
merchandising company, subtracted costs may be the cost of goods sold,
sales discounts, and sales returns and allowances. For a product company
advertising, manufacturing, and design and development costs are
included.
Profit generally is the making of gain in business activity for the benefit
of the owners of the business.
RDSA/RDSB are the ticker (stock market) codes for two types of shares
that can be bought in Royal Dutch Shell. These shares have the same
value but RSDA shares are subject to Dutch tax law and RDSB shares are
subject to British tax law. The reason for this double share offering is that
until 2006 “Shell” contained two companies (Royal Dutch and Shell
Trading) that both traded separately on the stock exchange. In 2006 these
two companies merged under the name Royal Dutch Shell but because the
majority of the shareholders either pay Dutch or British tax the two types
of shares were issued.
Exercise 21. Discuss the questions.
20
1. What does an Asset Based Organization consist of? An Asset Based
organization consists of asset teams looking after and responsible for
all assets.
2. What does a Functional Based Organization consist of? A Functional
Based organization consists of several departments where all
specialists of one function work together and support the company’s
assets.
3. What are advantages and disadvantages of an integrated asset based
organization? Integrated teams are more effective than the functional
approach. The Asset based organization allows management to
allocate budget, set targets and manage improvements more effectively
because each Asset Manager is responsible for his Asset. The
disadvantage of an Asset based organization is that it is difficult to
maintain the technical level of functional specialists
4. What are advantages and disadvantages of a functional based
organization? The advantage of this system is that by working closely
together within the function, specialists maintain a high level of
technical expertise. The disadvantage is that integrated team work is
absent and responsibility for a single asset is held only at the General
Director level this system is that by working closely together within
the function, specialists maintain a high level of technical expertise.
The disadvantage is that integrated team work is absent and
responsibility for a single asset is held only at the General Director
level
5. Give your own examples of organizations of both types.