Білецька Л.В., Білецький О.В., Савич В.І. Економічна теорія: політекономія, мікроекономіка, макроекономіка

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average cost (long run)

—

    

average cost (short run)

—

    

average-cost pricing

—

    

average fixed cost

—

  

average physical product

—

  

average propensity to consume (APC)

—

 %%  /

average propensity to import (>+)

—

 %%  

average propensity to save (APS)

—

 %%  D/%

average propensity to tax (APT)

—

 %%   

average rate of taxation

—

  

average revenue

—

 

average revenue product

—

  

back door

—

« »

back-to-back loan or parallel loan

—

<  % 

backward integration

—

 

bad debt

—

# #

balanced budget

—

# #&/

balanced budget multiplier

—

% # #&/

591

balance of payment

—

/ #

balance-of-payment equilibrium

—

 / #

balance of trade

—

 #

balance sheet

—

#

balances with the Bank of England

—

   C >

bank

—

#

bank deposit

—

#% 

bank deposit creation or credit creation or money

multiiplier

—

 #%  #   #

 %

bank for international settlement (BIS)

—

C / 

banking system

—

#% 

bank loan

—

#% 

bank note

—

#

bank of England

—

C >

bank rate

—

#  #

bankruptcy

—

#

bank statement

—

#% 

bar chart or histogram

—



barriers to entry

—

#’< /

barriers to exit

—

#’< 

592

Barter

—

#

base rate

—

# 

base year

—

# 

basing point price system

—

    # 

batch production

—

# #

bear

—

«%»

bear market

—

 «»

bearer bonds

—

   ’

beggar-my-neighbour polycy

—

  

behavioural theory of the firm

—

  

benefits-received principle of taxation

—

    

Bertrand’s duopoly

—

 C

bid

—

1.   &; 2. 

bid price

—

 

big bang

—

«  ()»

bilateral flows

—

 

bilateral monopoly

—

 

bilateral olygopoly

—

 

bilateral trade

—

 

bill

—

1. %; 2. ; 3. , #%

593

bill-discounting interest rate

—

%  

bill of exchange

—

 %

black economy

—

% 

black market

—

 

board of directors

—

 

bond

—

#

bonus scheme

—

% 

bonus shares

—

% 

boom

—

#

borrower

—

%

Boston matrix

—

C% 

boycott

—

#

brand

—

 

brand loyalty

—

% (/)  

brand proliferation

—

 #%

brand switching

—

 &

brand transference

—

  

brand value

—

%  

break-even

—

##%

Bretton Woods system

—

C-;% 

594

bridging loan

—

 

British technology group

—

C%  

budget firm

—

#&/ 

budget (government)

—

/ #&/

budget (household)

—

#&/ % 

budget deficit

—

#&/ 

budget line or consumption possibility line

—

#&/  #  / /

budget surplus

—

#&/ 

buffer stock

—

 (#) 

building society

—

#% 

Building society act, 1986

—

>  #% , 1986

built-in stabilizers

—

# #

bulk buying

—

 

bull

—

«#»

bullion

—



bullion market

—

 

bull market

—

 «#»

Bundesbank

—

C#

burden of debt

—

 #

burden of dependency

—

< /

595

burden of taxation

—

 

business

—

#

business cycle or trade cycle

—

  #  

Business expansion scheme

—

  <

business strategy

—

 

buyer

—

%

buyer concentration

—

 

buyer’s market

—

 

by-product

—

# 



called up capital

—

 

call money or money-at-call and short notice

—

  

calls in arrears

—

«  #»

Cambridge equation

—

:#/% 

CAP

—

. Common agricultural policy

capacity

—

# /%

capital

—



capital account

—

1.   ; 2.   

capital accumulation or capital formation

—

 , 

596

capital allowances

—

 (%)  /

capital appreciation

—

D  

capital budgeting

—

 

capital consumption

—

/ 

capital deepening

—

# 

capital gain

—

% 

capital gains tax

—

  % 

capital gearing or leverage

—

/

capital goods

—

% #

capital inflow

—

 

capital-intensive firm/industry

—

 /%

capitalism

—



capitalization issue or scrip issue

—

# 

capital-labour ratio

—

#<%

capital loss

—

% 

capital market

—

 

capital movements

—

 

capital outflow

—

 

capital-output ratio

—

<%

capital stock

—

 

597

capital widening

—

 

cardinal utility

—

% (%) %

cartel

—

%

cash and carry

—

«  »

cash drain

—

 

cash flow

—

 

cash limits

—

 

cash ratio

—

. cash recerve ratio — <  #

census

—



central bank

—

% #

centralization

—



central planned economy or command economy or

collectivism

—

   #  -



Central statistical office

—

@%  

certificate

—



certificate of deposit

—

 

certificate of incorporation

—

   

certificate of origin

—

  /

chain store

—

 

Chamberlin, Edward

—

M#, !

598

Chamber of commerce

—

 

cheap money

—

  

cheque

—



cheque card

—

 

Chicago school

—

M% 

Chinese wall

—

:% 

choice

—

#

cost-insurance-freight (CIF)

—

 «-»

circular flow of national income model

—

% # % 

City code

—

 $

City (of London)

—

% $

classical economics

—

  

clearing bank

—

 #

clearing house system

—

  

closed economy

—

 

closed shop

—

« »

club principle

—

« #»

Cobb-Douglas production function

—

#  :##-=

cobweb theorem

—

# %

coin

—



599

collateral security

—



collective bargaining

—

   

collective products

—

 #

collectivism

—



collusion

—



COMECON

—

. Council for mutual economic assistance

command economy

—

 

commercial bank or clearing bank

—

 #

commission

—

1. ; 2. 

commodity

—

1. #; 2. 

commodity market

—

 

common agricultural policy (CAP)

—

<   (!>)

common external tariff

—

<  

common law

—

% 

common market

—

% 

communism

—



community charge

—

. local tax company formation —  

company laws

—

  

company registrar

—

< 

comparability

—

%

600