Барлит В.В. Гидравлические турбины
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((n.
,q)"
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s
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(203)
(200)
.t
(201)
(202)
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orHocuTe.lbublx
florepb
no
AJIHHe
HarypHofi
ryp6uubl H
ee
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c
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qeM
y
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H HarypHble rI{AP9-
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(Re
>
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Re
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no
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oruocnre.nsnoft
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y
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floeroMy
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3oHe
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<
l";
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corJlacuo
(202i
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fiorepH
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norepu
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:
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n)*b-
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norepr
6 MolKer 6urr
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BbrlIHCJTeHHff COOTBeTCTByTOTTIHX
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h npH IOMOIiIH
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r{acrb
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To
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onpeAeJreHufl
xoaQQuuHeHTa
nepecqera
norepb HcIIo/Ib3yIor
sMnI4pH-
qCCKYIO
SABI,ICHMOCTb, NOTYTICHHYIO
HA
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I05
noAo6trbtx
MoAe.IIbHbIx
r1 uarypHfrx
rnAporyp6uH
THIIA:
paAHaflbHo-oceBoro
(204)
flo
HgeecrHblM
gHaqeHHflM
ornocr{TeJlbHblx
nyreBblx
norepb
MOAeJIH
r3BecrHblx
pasMepoB, noJlb3yffcb
saBncnMocrarrau-
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n
(204),
onpe'
. IITJ ff rra-rrnrtnt?,rrrn6rr-
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l-"t":(l-r")
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(205)
ron1nleua
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npeAnonox<eHHH,
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BCe
nOTe
pH
B rHApOtyp6HHe
flBflqlorce
rroTepflMH
no
AJIHHe.
Bnxpenue
notePn
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cJlos
or
odreKae
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u
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orcacblBalouefi
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cro
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us
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B
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pa6oueu
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cyurecrBeHHo
3aBH-
Puc. 47.
llorepn Ha
yrap
Ha
Bxo.4e
n
pa6o-
qee
No.rlec
o
p
a,uaJlbHo-
oce
eofi
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6
n u u:
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ua
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u:ffi:
v
cHT or
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typ6uHn
H
pe>KHMa pa6oru. flotepn
Ha
yAap
H
KogueBbre
noreps
oco6euHo
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e
pa6oI{HX
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c
HerloBoporr-
HIIMH
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Ha
pwC. 47
neo6paxenu
pa3flHqHble
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npn
H3MeHeHHH
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qepes
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rc
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n
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H
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(Vi
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106
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(206)
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ee
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fi
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17:
281.
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n
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s
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/
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(208)
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pexllMax
pa6orat
BsITIoJI-
HflIOTCfl
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(+)
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orHo[reHue
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typnofi
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Harypuofi
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He noAJIeX(aT
rlepecqeTy'
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e.
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10)
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qTo
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vs
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He H3MeHslorcs
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or
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K
HarypHoft
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v saBHcflT or
pexuMa
pa6orbl.
107
flpunUun
pa3AeJIeHLIq
rHApaBILrtIecKHx
noTepb Ha
-nepecqnTblBae-
Mbre
H HenepecqHTbrBaeMbre
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ur.ee
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typ6un
no
AaHHbIM
ucnur-auufi
nolo6Hblx Mo,(e.nefi
(ctu.
$
28).
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25. O6r,eMnbre
rorepn
Lns
yBenurreuns
KflA
rnAporyp6nHu
uporeqKn
BoAbI
s
o6xo4
pa-
6oqero
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(puc.
48)
aonxnu
6um
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K MHHHMyMy.
B
pa-
rHanbHo-oceBbrx
rl{Aporyp6unax
gToro
Aocrnralor
npn noMoIIrH
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ua BepxHeM
H HH)KHeM o6o,4ax
pa-
a,
Pnc. 48.
O6rcunne nporerlKll:
a- B
palflanbHmceBofi
ru4porlp6aue;
6
-s
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ryp6une.
a
oceBof, rn.Epo-
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nns
cpeAHe-
r{ BbrcoKoHaropubrx
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non-
crpyKrrun
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a
ux
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yc-
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Hx rHApaBnHqecKHe co[pornBJre-
;\rrfl,
a
yMeHbuaercq
xoa$QrauueHr
pacxoAa
p (puc.
49). B
noBoporHo-
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ryp6unax
rporeqKu BoAbr
HMeror Mecro
qepe
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H BTyJrxoft
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a
raKx{e Mexqy
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-u
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fl,nn
o6ecneqeHnq
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npH
pa3JrurrHbrx yrJrax ycraHoBKH
Jronacrefi
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pa6overo
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(unw
no.rrycQepuuecroft)
Soprrau.
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sa3opoB
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qero
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B rrpeAeJrax
A
-
(0,0005
+-
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paAr{aJrbHo-oceBbrx rr.rAporyp6wuax,
rAe
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ua
nonsufi
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eule 6o.ubrrre,
sa3op Me)KAy
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6urr
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1,5 *tu).
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u
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a raKx{e
K
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ee HanpaB-
nsrculero noAruHrrHHKa
npeAbflBJrfirorcs
noBhrluenHbre
rpe6oeauua.
108
Be.nuqasa
o6reuuoro
KIIA
onpeAerlflerci
npu IIoMoulI'l
Bblpax(eHHfl
(1e3):
Q-q
rlo:7-l-QlQ:l-(0,
rAe
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o6teunble
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saBHcHMocrH
or
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or
0,01
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rorAa
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ho
:
0,99 + 0,97.
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npouecce
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yr-
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pa6ouero KoJreca
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(puc.
49)
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npH
noMouII{
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(211)
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pa6ouero
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(212)
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CO CKOpOCTbIO
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109
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P=0,55+0,6
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ll
b
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t=I
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P=0,7'0.8
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pacxoAa HeRoABHlr(Horo
ynrotHeHfs
lto
BbrrlncJlfltor
no
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(213)
.
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norepu rpennfl;
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pa6ovura
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no
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6ilrn
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l}-6lDnrt,
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lon
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or 6ucrpo-
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corJlacHo
BbIpax(eHHIo
(193),
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s,
Lh
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:
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rAe
ro@uul{eHT
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ll0
Hs
paccMorpeHns
ypaBHeHun
(216)
c.ne4yer'
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rnxoxo1Hofi
ryp6unu
-rtreHrure,
qeM
6ucrpoxOAttofi.
y
THxoxoAHbIx
rgApsryp6Hn
i saBHcHMocrH
or
pelKLIMa
pa6oru
o6teunue
norepl'I/Mo'
ryT-
cocTaBlqrb
AoBonbHO
6olnrruyIo
BeflnqnHy
(o
:
1,5
-+
3,5Yo.
'
B
nocJreAnr{e
roAbr
paepa6oranbl
HoBbIe
KoHcrpyKIt4H
yfinorHelrHfi'
O6ecneqHBaIOIlHe
MHHHMaJIbHbIe
o6teusue
noTepI'I. OAsa
Il3
TaKI{X
Koucr
pyKI1H fI,
p
as
p
a6orau
H blx
KaHaAc
Ko fi
Qn
pr*lotl
<<.II,ouH
H HoH
Hnxn-
Hr.r
plrH), n
peAycMaTpr{
BaeT
ycTaHoBKy
cneIlHaJIbHbIx
noABHx(IIbIX
KOJIb'
qeBbrx
ynnorHeuufi-
(puc. 51).
llepeMelrlarcqaecs
(yran.nunaervrue)
yn'
JrorHnTeJrbHbre
xo.ntq'a
2,
conpnraeMble
c BepxHHM H
HHx{HHr,a
I o6o'
,u,aMH,
o6ecnequBaror
MHHHMaJItHnfi
gaSop
npu
pa3rI'IrIHbIx
ycJIoBHffx
- ^ a --- - ^ ^e^--^-^ r,A n^^d \./- rrnnrrrznalrl..rrE-ra
xffii;?
iH&;,;;H=6p#';;#;#;;
(
i\sjwz
pa3peHbIMH.
flo4
sogAeficrBl'IeM
AaBJIeHI{s
BoAbr,
HaxoAfltrIeiqcs
B [a3yxe
Merl<Ay
ynnor'
HHTCJIbIIbIM
KOJIbIIOM
U
HH}I(HHM
KO.IIbIIOM
-.^,?rnF onnan4t.na ^al?rt1nlr linlfnT-
HauPalflr)lrurr\(;l\,
4rrlrqyqrqr
vvrlrvr4
HuTellbnoro
KoJIbua
npH)I(HMaIorcs
x 6yptau
KOJIbUA
3
H O6CCNCqHBAIOT
MHHHMAJIbHbIE
3A-
sopbr
MexAy
BpaularcIquMncs
o6oAaun
u
yn-
JIorHHTe.[bHbIMH
KoJIbuaMH.
Ec.nu
no
KaKHM-
Pnc. 51.
Koncrpyrwa
uo'
IBH}I(HOTO
ynJIOTHemg
p&
6oqero
KoJIecaS
,
-
nExEEfi
060A
pa6olero
KoJreca;
2
-
lnauanaaerroe
Korrbqo;
3
-
nnrrnee
KoJIbqo
EanpaBJltlouleno
auuapaTa.
cneqr4Tb
BeJTHTIHHy
3a30pa,
paBHyIo'
IIpHMep-
Ho, OAHOfi
rpern
HopMaJIbHorO
KSHSTpyKTHBHOTO
3a3opa
Hen6ABH)KHOTO
yn"rrotneuui.
OHa
o6naAaer
cneAyIoqI{MH
npeHMyI[ecrBaMH
no
cpaB'
nen"rO
c O6uqsbIMH
KoHcTpyKIIHtIMH
ynJIOTHeHnfi:
o6ecneseuue
Tpe'
6yeuoro
sa3opa
npn
neo6srqHblx
ycnoBHsx
pa6otu
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
(i
an
pnrr,rep,
nonepeuurre
uE6paUnH
poropa)
;
yueulureHue
H3
Hoca
ynJIOT'
HeHHq
H
IIpeAorBpaII\eHHe
BbIXoAa
ero
-H3
CTpOn;
MHHHMaJIlnuft
3a3op
npn
HOpMaJIbHbIX
ycJIOBHflX_pa6Otu.
Kar
[OKa3bIBaIOT
OnbIrHbIe
Hc-
cJreAoBaH^^,
y""i^qe'He
KnA
paAnaJlbuo-oceeofi
ruAporyp6":o,t.ru
p$yJIbTaTe
npHMeHeHHfl
TaKOfo
ynJIoTHeHHff
COCTaBJIfleT
OKOJIO
V'+"/o'
S
26.
fimcrcoBbre
rrorepu
B
pa4aaJlbuo-oceBblx
ruAporyp6unax
o6oAlt
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
co'
npHKacaIOTCf
c
soAofi
HeTOJIbKO
BHyTpeHHHMH
nOBepxHOCTflMId'
HO H
Ha-
pyxuuvrn.
Kportre
TOro,
BoAa,
HaXOAql[afl.cfl,
B 3a39pax
Me)I(Ay
HHX{HHM
g-
nepxnau
o6oAauu
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
u
HeIToABH)I(HbIMH
gJIeMeHTaMH
ryp6ranU,
yBJIeKaeTCfl
O6OAalrau
BO
BpaIqaTeJIbHoe
ABHIKeHHS'
Ha
qTO
TaKxe
pacxoAyeTcf
qacTb
sHeprHH,
-coo6utaeuofi
rIoToKoM
pa6ouelty
KoJrecy
tll;
221. CornacHo
onbrrrrbrM
AaHHbIM
yrJloBaff cKopocrb
Bpa'
1qeHgs
BoAbI
B
na3yxax
(Dl
:
a
l/K,
rAe
o
-
yrnoBaf
cKopocrb
(216)
lll
BPauesus
pa6ouero
KoJreca:
K
:
0,25
-i
0,5
:,
.onsrrsufi
xoaipQH-
uHeHT.
'
I
Ens
npn6.nux<eHHoro
Bbrrruc.flennfl,
AHcKoBbrx
noTepb
MoxHo
Eoc-
noJlbsoBarbcs
sMrr.rpurrecxofi
Sopuy.noft
HacococrpoeHnq
AMo:Lliff
ptasra,
n@f
rle
Re
:
;
-
qr{cJro
Pefiuonrlca
noroKa B
ynJrorHeHHH;
l, r
-
Atr4Ha
a
pa4ryc
pacnoJroxeHur
yn.trorHeHuft
na o6oAax.
Be;ruqrsa
AHcKoBbr-x
norepb
sarlr4c:aT
or
pasMepoB,
xoHsaryparrr4l
o6oAoe
H rlucrorbl
I{x
o6pa6orxu.
[,nt
BhrccKcuanop.'rrrx
ryp6au,
r{Mero-
I
ruax
pa3BuTbie
o6oArt, BeJrr{rIr{H
a
AHcKo-
Bbrx
fiorepb
nan6onu]rafl,
u
Moxer
cocraBJrsrb
gHaqHTe.[bHyIo
AoJIIo
g
o6-
tqeu 6a.naHce
norepb
eHeprr{H
r ryp6u-
ge.
Coreacnc
orrbrrlrblM
AaHHrIM
Be.rrn-
qHHa
orHocHTeJrbHbrx
AHcKoBbrx
noTepb
(r
:
N
/
N,
saBacrrr
or 6ncrpoxoAHG,
crn
ryp6uubr;
AJrfl
TuxoxoAHbrx
palu-
aJrbHo-oceBbrx
ril.4poryp6nu
B
3aBHCH:
MocrH
or
pex{HMa
pa6oru
ea:0,015-i
+- 0,03.
C
ue.nrrc
4a.ntuefiruero
noBbrIIreHHs
roJrHoro
KnA
ryp6nHu
sa
crrer
yMeHb-
z
xaHHqecKrrM
florepflM" rr{Aporyp6un
orHocfiT
norepH
n ryp6nurroM noA-
rrrHrrHr{_Ke
H
ynnorHeHHsx
BaJra,
a
raKxe
noJroBHHy
noTepb B noAnsr-
HHKe.
Ha
npeoAoJreHHe
MoMeHTOB
TpeHr{s
B HarpaBJr-srcqeM
ryp6un-
rIoM
IIoAruHnHHKe,
noAnsrHHKe
u
y[norHeHHsx
pacxoAyeTcff
rracrb
noJresnoft
MoulHocru
ryp6HHn.
Benuqusy
MexaHI{qecKLIX
norepb
MoxHo
BbrrrHcJrHTb
npu
troMouln,
BbIpax{errHs
Aly'""":Mrpo,
(218),
rAe f{rp
Cymrapnufi
MoMeHT
TpeHHfl
B
OnOpaX E
ynJroTHerrHflx;
(,)
-
yrnoBafl
cKopocTb Epau{e-
HHff
poropa.
BenH.IHHa
orHocRTeJIbHbIx
MexaHHqecKHx
noTepb SHeprHrr
paBHa
AA/
(*e*:#,
(219)
rAe
tr/"
-
ruApaBJrurrecKar
Morrl-
Hocrb
ryp6unrr.
MexaHuqecxufi
KnA
ryp6H-
HbI
rluex:
I
-(,rr"*.
(220)
MexanuqecKue
norepn
Ha-
rypHofi ryp6unu
npu
ycJroBHH
ee
rpaBunruofi
c6opxrn u6anan-
cHpoBKH
poTopa
MoryT
cocTaB-
Jrsrb
or
0,3
Ao
1,5%
BsaBHcH-
MOCTH
OT
TI4NA
KOMTIOHOBKH
arperara, MorrrHocrH
ryp6r4Hbl,
pelKHMa
ee
pa6orbr
H r.
l.
Cne-
AyeT
oTrvreTuTb, rrTo
KoHcTpyK-
UHH
onop MoAeJrr4
n uarypHoft
ryp6v uu
cyurecrBeHHo
orrHqarorcs. flp" oAHHaKoBbrx
pelr(HMax
pa6orrr
orHocuTeJrbHbre
MexaHurrecKHe rrorepH
gHeprHH
MoAeJrr,r 6o.nn-
rue,
qeM
HarypHofi
rHlporyp6unsr. Iloerorray nepecrreT Mexar{HlrecKr{x
norepb Ha
HarypHyro
ryp6uHy
npaKrr{qecKti
HeBo3Mox{eH.
Ans
uc-
KflIOqCHH
fl BJILIflHHfl,
MCXAHHTICCKI4X TIOTCPb HA
BCJIHIIHHY
KNA
MO-
Ae.IIH
npHMeHflror
cnerrnaJrbHbre
KoHcrpyKrlnlr
MoAeJrbHbrx
ryp6uu,
Koropbre
r{Meror
4eofiuyro
(unu
Aaxe
rpofiuyro)
cucreuy
oropHbrx
rr
ynop-
HbIX
roArlrnHnKon
(pac.
53).
Taxafl KoHcrpyKrlrrfl
orrop
poropa
no3Bo-
'JIfler
saMepflTb
Ha B3Ber.rruBaprqeM
ycrporicrBe
cyMMapnuri
uorr,reHr
(nao-
MeHr Ha
pa6oueM
KoJrece rz MoMeHT
TpeHHs B onopax)
vr
onpeAeJrsrb
rHApaBJIHqecxur?
KnA
MoAeJrH
(e
nepeorvr
npu6.rrux<e*krr4, 6es
yrrera
o6tevuux Lr
AHcKoBbrx
norepn). Eure 6o.nee
coBepruenHbrMH flBJrflrorcfl
rHApocTarHrrecKHe
IIoArxHnHHKH, npH KoTopbrx
TpeHHe B
onopax npaK-
THqECKH
TICKJIIOqACTCfl
.
(2171
I
\t-E
Psc.
52.
Vueulueune
.qacKoBbrx
norepb
rngporyp6r.lnu:
9JIeMeHTaMH
ALICKOBbIe
rroTeprr yr\.reHbrxapTcq
[IpraMepHo
Ha
noJroBHHy.
Moquocru
KoMfl-peccopa,
noAarourero
ctnut"ifi
ror4y*,
cocraB,rrffer
oKoJIo
l0o/o
or
o6uero yBeJHqeHHs
MourHocrH
ryp6uribr
B
pesyJibrare
yMeHbrxeEufl,
nKcKoBbrx
noTepb
sHepf
ulr.
$
27.
\f.exanrrrecrcrre
rorepa
MexauuqecKue
norepu
3Heprr.ru
rHApoarperara
3aBwcflT
or
KoH-
cTpyKI{HH'
paciloJlo)KeHHfl
Ha[paBJIqrOilIHX
IOAIIIHIHHKOB,
IIoA[flT-
HHKa
H
ynJrorHeuui?
BaJra.
B uacrofl[ree
BpeMs
npnMeHqror
pa3JruqHbre
cxeMbr
KoMnoHoBoK
r.HApoarperaroB,
B Koropbrx
ryp6nHa
H
reHeparop
HMeror
HarrpaBJrrpqne
roArrrHnHHKH
H
o6urnfi
noAnsrHHK
tlll.
i(
n,td-
112
PHc.
53.
Mo4e.nruaa
typ6uua
c caMoyqeroM.
Tperrnfl
B
onopax
poTopa:
1-
nepBbrft
ptA
onopHo-ynopHbrx
rIoAruHnHr{KoB;
2
-
aropoit
p.q,q
noAuIHnHsKoB; 3
-
ravaroulaaca
t'rrJlb3a,
coeluueulrar
co
B3BeItrRBaroIrlEM
ycrpoft-
crBoM; 4
-
aa6parop.
r t3,
9rO6U
conocraBnTb
sHaqeHns
MexaHHqeQKHx
KnA
M9Ae.IIH
v, Ha'
TypHoft
ryp6HHbI,
a
TaKx(e
npoaHaJII{3HpoBaTb
BJIHfl_H-H_e
pexfiMa
pa-
66iu
na
i6.nHqHHy
rl""*,
npeo6pa3yeM
Bblpax(eHHe
(220)
cJIeAyIoIuHM
o6paaou:
liuex:r-1#.s
-r-ffi-l-
-M,rnnor??l/-H
-
t- tol'f
.
-eortfaaiii-'
nlnlnQi
I..nn
uo,4elluofi
ryp6r'rnu
(Dt
:
const;
H
-
const;
/()Ol\'6?"rrtrraar Drrw
n'
(rior"*)"-
I
-r("ool\['p
#,
rAe
/(ror
:
]-:
corst.
3\DiH
nns
noAo6nofi
Harypnofi
ryp6nun
(Dt
:
const;
n
+
const)
ypaBHeHHe
(221)
nepenuuleM
B raKoM
BI{Ae:
(T.u*)"
-
I
-,
- \:tl,':'?'".=^=
=,
so1r
{E
VE"'DlDlQi'
(r""*)"-r-o"W,
rAe
K":ffi:const'
(22r)
n
;*
const)
(222)
:
Consti
H
+
(224)
(225)
(223)
I4s
corocraB
fieuI4n
nnpaxeHHft
(222)
H
(224),
a raKxe-
(223)
H
(225) crleAyer,
qro
Mexasuqecxufi
KnA
HarypHol
Typ6t"nt
6o.nltue,
"u*
*a*
K,
k
/{r.
Kportae
rofo,
3aBHcHMocrb
roe(pQaqHeHTa K"
or
pexfl.rMa
pa6oru
(Q't,
ni)
orlatlaercfl
oT saBHcHMocTH
xoarpQuUHeHTa
Kn
or
rex
>Ke
IIapaMerPoB.
.II..ns
o[peAeJIeHHfl
BeJIHqHHbI
t'lMex
rgApgarperaTa
H
ryp6uHU
Ha
f3C
npoBoAflr
crleunaJlbHble
HcIIbIraHHff
.
Ec.nu
poTop
ot6a.nauczpoBaH
MexaHI'IqecKH
H
oTcyTclByef,
rHApaB-
.rrHrreci(Hfi^
le6i.lanc
(ueocecuuMerputlHufi
noroK
Ha BxoAe
n
pa6ouee
xo.neco), norepu
B
HanpaBaflrorrlux
[oAnIHnHLrKax
MaJIbI;
ocHoBHbIe
Me-
xaHlrrrecKne norepu
gHeprHH
ruApoarpefara
HI\{ercT
N{ecro
B noAflsr-
HHKe. florepu sHeprHH
B rroArrsrHHKe
onpeAellslor
npH
rloMoulH
TerIJIo-
Boro
6anauca.
Lnn
grofi
ueJru
saMepflror:
KoJIHrIecrBo
BoAbI,
rIoABo,u,H-
uofi
x
MacJIooXila1vrT1-;11fl,M
BaHHbI
noAnflTHHKa;
TeMnepaTypy
BoAbI
Ha
BxoAe
H
BbrxoAe
H3 oxJraAHTeJIr.
KonH.IecrBo
orBeAeHl{oro
reIIJIa
rrepe-
crlnTbrBaror
B MexaHHqecKyro
sueprHro,
Koropas
upeAcraBJlfler
co6op
norepu
B
noAnrrrHnKe.
Ans
upu6raxenuofi
oIreHKI{
norepb
slreprafi
ll4
B HanpaB;s1orrlHX
noArur{nHHKax
H"
ynnoTHeHHsx
3aMepffroT
MoulHocrb>
Heo6xoAuMyro
Anff
BpaueHns
poropa
B ocyueHsofi
rporoquofi
qacru.
Pasnocrb
MexAy ee
BeJlnqusoft H
norepflMH
B noA[flTuuKe,
gaMepeH-
HbrMH
npu
rroMorqu
TerrJloBoro 6anauca,
npn6.uux<eHHo xapaKTepusyer
rrorepu
B HarrpaBJlflroltrHx [oAIxHnHHKax
H
ynJIorHeHHsx
t261.
S
28.
Ilepecuer
KIII *ro,q€nru
Ea
Earl{pnyro
rufiporyp6ury
B
S
24 6rr.no
orMeqeHo,
qro
6.rraro4aps
6ontuuM
pagMepaM
H Hano--
paM HarypHbrx ryp6nn llo
cpaBHeHuro
c MoAeJITMH
qacfla
Per?Ho.urAca.
noroKoB
H
orHocuTeJrbrrbre
ruepoxoBarocrn
Hx nporoqnbrx
,Iacrefi
pa3-
Hbre. BcreAcreue
gToro
orlrocuTe-Jlbubre rl{ApaB.nr{qecKr.re norepu
Tpe-
nufi, sa HgoronaJrbHbrx
pex(HMax
pa6oru
B HarypHofi
ryp6HHe MeHbIrIel
rreM
y
MoAeJrn
(crra. ypaBHeHHe
(202)).
Pocr
Knn,
HarypnoIl ryp6rEun
npH
yBeJrHrreHHH
ee
pa3MepoB
r{ rranopa
Ha3brBaror
Jvtacwma5uou,t
eQfrerc^
mont.
3uaqeuue KIIA
HarypHofi ru4poryp6unu Ha
pasilHqHblx pe>KH-
uax
pa6orbr onpeAeJrrror
no
AaHHbrM
p$yJlbraroB
ucnarcala:afr noAo6-
Ho
fi nro.ueJr
H, non
bgys ct
Qop
trtyJl a MH n epecrl era .
Onpe4e.neHHe
KnU,
HarypHofi
ryp6uHu
Ha
pasJIHvHbIX
pex(HMax
pa6oru
BbrnoJrHsror
npu noMoulu cnerruaJrbHoft rueroAHKH,
npHqeM H3
MHoror{HcJreHHbrx
Qopuy.rr
nepecqera HaAo nu6parr raKylo,
Koropaq
sBflqercfl
AocraroqHo
o6ocHosaHHofi
TeoperutlecKr4 I{ npoBepena
sxcfle
pHMeHTaJrbHo.
Buue 6u.ro
orMeqeHo
($
24),
qro
[epecqery
noAJrexar
ToJIbKo
norepu
no
AJrHHe,
a BuxpeBbre,
o6reuuue r.r MexauuqecKue
no-.
TepH
(n
rortr
qr{cJre
H
AHcKoBue)
ne nepecqr.rrbrBarorcs. flosroMy
B
nep-
BoM
rlpu6luxenuu
npI{HHMaIor,
.{to
o6teMHble
KnI[.
MoAeJII{
I{ Haryp-
nofi
ryp6uuu
paBHbr,
a
MexaHr{rrecKlle
norepl{ MoIeJII{ cBoAfr
K
MHHHMyMy.
flpm
noMorr\H
Qopuyn
nepecqera no.nHsrfi
KIIA
HarypHbrx
ruAporyp--
6utt
onpeAeJlflercfl
npu6.nux<eHHo.
flponepxa
AocroBepHocru
pacqer-
Hbrx
3HaqeHnfi
KnA
Mox{er
6um
ocyulecrBJreHa roJIbKo
no
AaHHbIM
Ha-
TypHbrx
gHeprerurrecKux
ucnurauufi.
OAuaxo
cpaBHeHHe
BbrrrncreH-
Hbrx H iloflyqeHHbrx
aKcnepurueHraJlbHo sHa.IeHHfi
KnU,
narypHofi'
ryp6unrr
ycJIoBHo,
TaK KaK
roqHocrb
onpeAeJleHnfl
KnX
HarypHblx
ryp6au ua
f3C
HaxoAurcq B
rrpeAeJlax
;[
|
+-
2o/o
(n
BaBHcHMocrH'
or
runa ryp6uusr
H H3il{epnreJrbHbrx upu6opoe).
Beraquua
iloJlHofo
KIIA
HarypHofi
ryp6uusr
ln
:1"
*
41,
(226)
r.{e
{ru
-
KnA
MoAer'IH
HZ HsoroHaJIbHoM
pe)KHIue;
Aq
-
iloilpaBKa
KIIA,
yqHrbrBarouas
pasnble
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