Барлит В.В. Гидравлические турбины
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PaanepHyB
onpeAeJIHTeJlb,
..IIoJIygaIor
(auQr-
a,9,r)
dr
*
(arQ,
-
r-u,Qr) rd7
*
(a,9,
-
wugr) dz
:
0.
(
108)
Ilpnr
HsBecrHbrx KoMnoHeHrax
cKopocrn
H
BHxpfl
r
noroxe
fipu
noMorrln
ypaBHeHI{s
(108)
onpeAenflroT
Qopt"ty
Jlonacru.
flpttttuuar
nocJreAoBareJlbHo
B
ypaBHeHuu
(108)
z
:
const,
f,
:
corlst
u
r
:
const,
iloryrraror
rpr4
yp
aBHeHHf
AJrfl
rrocrpoeHHfl
ropHSOHTaJIbHbIx,
paAHaJI b-
rrbrx
rI
qHJILrHApHrIecKHx
ceqeHnfi
.nonacru.
VpaeHeHkre iluHHH
ToKa
B
orHocHTeJrbHoM
noroKe
MoxHo raxlxe
IroryquTb,
paccMarprrBan
ABHxeHr{e
r{acruubl
x{HAKocr}I
B
pa6oueu xo-
irece
(pnc.
40).
3a BpeMfi
dt
uuetor Mecro .nuuefiHue
H yrJIoBbIe
nepe-
Pnc.
40. flepelteueHlle
qacrllqn
xnrlKocru
n
pa6oueM Ko.IIece:
4-CXeMa
nepeMeuleHHt
'{aCTt{qbI
xHAt<ocTH
BAOtb
tonacTH-3a Bpeut
dt:
6'-
yrrioaue
nepeMeu{eflus
qacrtsIlbl
sa
apeua
dl-
MeuleHus
qacruqbr:
bc;
dy
-_B
orHocHreJIbHoM
ABHxeHHH;
ab;
adt
-
B
nepeHocHoM
ABHx{eHIrH;
ac
:
ab
*
bc;
d0
:
dX
*
adt
-
s
a6co-
JITOTHOM
ABI4XCHHI,I.
Vrroeoe
lepeMerqeHne
qacrHubr
B orHocHTeJIbHoM
ABHxeHHH
onpe'
AeJrseTcg
IIo
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dx: do
-
adt
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dt
-
adt
:
(y
-,),t-
Orxy,ua
rzn
ds:
-^=
dv.
aur
-
r'@
'r
Kax
6uno
yKasaHo
Bbuue
(104),
trpH
noMoIIlH
nonyqeHHoro ypaBHe-
HHfl
Mox(Ho
nocrpoaTb
ceqeHur 6ecxoseqHo
roHxoti
aouacta
noBepxHo-
CTSMH
TOKA.
80
.llparrr.rqecKoe
rpuMer{eHue
saBncuMocrefi
o6paruofi
sa4aqv
Mn
p
acqera
paAHaJlbHo-oceBbrx,
oceBbrx
H
AuaroHaJrbubrx
pa6ouux
KoJrec
r{snox<eHo B
rJraBax
VI,
VII u VIII.
S
17.
Ocnonsrre
Bar;ncumogru
ueprAf,oEaJrbuoro
r
qtrplcynqEoHEoro
IIoTorcoB
B
qpororrnofi
qacTf,
rraporyp6npr.r
klcxoan
H3
paHee
cKa3aHHoro
(crrl.
$
9)
a6co.nrcrnsrfi
noroK
B
npo-
roquofi
qacrH
rr.rAporyp6nnu Mo>r(Ho
pasnox(HTb
Ha
uepu)uoruaaonuil
Lr t4upKA/tnuuoHHail
rrcroxu.
Cocraensrcr.que
noroKn Moryr
6urr
no-
crpo€Hbr r.4 nBoaHa.nH3r4poBaHbr
or-
AetbHo,
a
3aTeM
HaJrox{eHbr
Apyr
Ha
Apyra.
Ha.nox<eHue
rroroKoB
He
Moxer
6utt npousBoJlbrrhrM,
oHo
AOJIX(HO
yAOBJrerBOpsrb
yCIOBHIO
paBHoBecus
Bcex cun,
4eficrByloulux
vr=f
(n)
na .nrc6yrc
qacruuy
B IIoroKe. Hanpu-
=
Mep,
npH saAaHHoM MepHAHOHa.nb-
HoM noroKe
qupKyJrflrruoHHufi
notox
AoJrx(eH
6urt
npHHflT
Bnonue
onpe-
AeJIeHHbru,
o6ecnequBarouluM BbrnoJI-
HeHHe
ycJloBrrs paBnoBecufl
s
a6co-
r{rorHoM noroKe
I2l;
241.
Mepn4noHanrnufi
noToK.
Lns
pacrleTa u
a}JaJIuSa .nonacTHblx
cHc-
TeM
Heo6xo,qntvro sHarb
Qopt'ty
ro-
nepxHocrefi
ToKa
n
pa6oueu
KoJIece
(nnu
HanpaBJrflrcrqeM annapare).
Ec.nH
norox
rrpHHflT ocecuMMerpnrl-
HbrM,
TO
AJrf
OnpeAeJreHHfl
rroBepxHocTeu
ToKa
AocTaToqHo
nocTpoHTb
MepnAr{ona.nrnrrfi
iloroK.
flocrpoeHue
MepHAHoHaJIbHoro noroKa sa-
KJrroqaercs
B onpe,u,eJreHun nuruit
roKa H cKopocrefi. B o6rqerrr
cnyqae
rvrepHAuona.nsuufi
noroK
euxpenofi;
cocraBJlflIoulas
BHxpfl
d}u
+
O,
xapaKTepH3yroqar Bpaueuue
qacruu
x(HAKocrH BoKpyr
co6crsegHux
ocefi rrpH Hx
ABHxeHHH
BAoJrb nuuuit
roKa,
HailpaBneHa nepileHAuxy-
JIspHo K MepHAHoHaJrbHofi
n.nocxocru.
Ec.nu xe
Q,
:
0,
To MepHAIdo-
ua.nlHr,rfi rloroK noreHuua.nlHmfi.
PaccvorpuM
ABe
pa3HoBHAHocrH
Mepu,qnoHaJrbHoro
noroxa,
npuMe-
HreMbre
npu
pacqere pa6oqrax
KoJrec.
PaaHocKopocrn'ofi Mep
HLr4oHaa rsnfi noroK
npeAcraBilrer
co6oro
qacrHnfi
c.nyuafi
BHxpeBoro
MepHAHoHaJrbHoro
noroKa (perc.
41,
a),,
B KoropoM cpeAHHe cKopocru BAoJrb
paccMarpu-
sael\,lofi HopMaJIH
K JIHHLIflI\,I
roxa
a^
:
const; BeJIHIIHHa
Hx
Ha
paSnLIq-
Hbrx
HopMaJrsx saBHcHT
oT
pacxoAa
H flonepeqHoro
ceqeHHff noToKa
B
NOJIOCTH.
PanuocxopocrHofi
norox
xapaKTepusyer o.(HoMepHoe
TeqeHfie
B
noJlocru
rnAporyp6uHu,
B Koroportr
AeficreHe
qeHTpo6exHbrx
cHil
Ha
Psc.
41.
Mepn4noHasruufi
nbron
B no.,rocru
ru4poryp6uHn:
-
-
-
paBnocxopocraoE;
*
rrorourluaarHnfr.
8l
qacTr,rubr
npH.
[oFopoTe,
[oToKa H3
paAHaJIbHoro
HarpaBJ]eHHrr
B oceBoe
fle
yqHTbrBaeTcq.
S.neuenrapuufi
pacxoA
MexAy coceAHHMH noBepxHocrsMa
ToKa
AQ
:
2rr1L,n1a^
:
2*rzLnzam
:
.
. .
-,2rrr\,ngl*:
CoISt.
OrcpAa
noryqarcT
3aBucuMocrb,
xapaKTepu3yloqyn
pacnoJro)KeHfi
e
nulg'uft
roKa:
r1\n1:
rzLttz:
:rAni:
Coflst.
(10e)
C.[eAosareJlbHo,
B
paBHocKopocrHoM
floroKe JrHHr4H ToKa pacnoJlo-
lI(eHbI TaKHM o6paaou,
tITo
KoJIbqeBbIe
nJIoIqaAH
MexAy
HHMH paBHbI.
I-f .rr.Art rr rr
q
ft r rrI-rrl lr arr rr rr rr ar rJ a n l. rrI-r r? nn r^ v
rl v
r v rr r{
rl
q
dr D rl 4 n
rvl v
y
rt
l\
rL v tr
q
rl u
r^
lI rr
tI v I v Ir
{Q,
:
0)
(puc.
4t,6).
Ec.uu KoMrroHeHr
f)4 npHcoeAuHeHHbrx
BHxpe-
Bbrx
JrHHufi
panen
HyJrro,
JronacTH
pa6oqero
KoJreca
He
AoJrxHbr
oKasbr-
BaTb BogAeficrBnfl Ha
Mepr{Ar{ouanbHbrft
floroK. floreHquaJrbHbrrl Me-
pr4&kro:g.anruufi
noToK
xapaKTepHSyeT
AByMepHoe
TerreHHe B
[oJrocTH
rHAporyp6uHu.
CneAosareJrbHo,
sHaqeHHr cKopocrefi
o^ H
AaBneHI{fr
pn
P.AO.lb HOpMaJrefi
x .uunuffM ToKa
HeoAHHaKoBbr.
S.neueHrapHbre
pacxoAbr
Mexqy
coceAHHMH noBepxHocrsMn ToKa
orrpeAeJrfl roTcq rro
BbrpalKeHHro
OrryAa
AQ
:
2tcrlAnpmr
:2rcr2Ln2am2:
const.
rld'flgs*1:
fz\nzttm2:
. c .
-f
.L,nia^;:
CoIlSt.
Taxuu o6pasou,
B noreHqnaJrbHoM
MepHAHoHaJIbHoM
noroKe
nJro-
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MeX(Ay
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rOKa
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MepHAr,IoHaJIbHbrM
cKopocrrlr. B
golre
floroKa, rAe
3HaqeHufl trm MaKcH-
MaJIbHbr,
JLUHHH
ToKa pacnono)KeHbr
ryqe;
y
BTynxu
pa6oqero
KoJreca
MepHAHoHaJIbHbre
cKopocru MHHHMaJIbHbT
(uro
cJleAyer vs
ycnoBufl
o^Q'
:
const),
a BeJrHrrHHbr orpesxos
An
uas6o.nruue.
Onpe4e.nuM
3a-
BHCHMOCTb
Me)r(Ay paSMepaMH
qqeeK
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Kax
H3BecrHo,
B
rroreHrrr.raJrbHoM r{epHAHoHaJrbHoM
rroroKe
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onpeAeJlfleTcs
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q
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C
apyrofi
cropour,t,
corJracuo
ypaBHeHHIo
HepaspblBHocru,
AQ
2nrL,n
IlprapaeuuBan
rpaBbre
qacrr
ypanueuufi (lll) H
(112),
noryrlarcr
#:
r.o#-r.const.
(l
l0)
(1t
l)
(
il2)
(l
13)
Vqursreas
Aeficrslre
qeHTpo6exslrx
cHJI
Ha
qacrurtbl,
onpeAeJrflror
pacfipeAeneune
cropocrefi
BAoJrb
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auHnn
tL
-
n,
82
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i: ;*.
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qacrH[y
(pfi6r.
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df,
dC:J-at{:Lo,dq.an&.
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p,
gr*-*.. p,,
rAe
p'-
paAHyc KpHBHsHbr JIHHHH
rOKa.
IpaaueHT
AaBJreHHrr
B
rroroKe
B,u,oJrb HopMaJiH
n
-
n
dp*:#:+
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(1
r4)
(l
r5)
fl^^tt^ tr ftit rtanrtflytn Eo [LuLtr: nnrn u nnttttdr nn-Arrrrrra Er rrr tir att6n -
lI\Jlvr\\Jrrr.Dr\J
rYlgPrrAllvltclJlfrllDlfr
rlvrvn
rrPr-I_.n7rr
rrVlf.nU.fr(l.tl.Efl.OIIYrt
JfllP-
rHg
B
HCM IIOCTOgHHA:
(r
l6)
(l
17)
(1
r8)
.Il,uQQepenqupys
Bbrpalr(eHue
(l
l6)
raolb
Hopr\{anw
n-n, noryrraror
dp^
,
u^do^
^
Ev.
1g
-
floc.ne
ilorcraHoBKn
B
ypaBHeur.re
(l
17)
snaueHnr
dp* *rz
Bbrpaxe-
uua
(l
16)
,12
4an
+
o^
da*:g
gp'
g
'tL
14
BbrnoJrHeHnfl
npeo6pasoBannfi
roJryqaror
.uuQSepeHrluaJrbHoe
ypaB-
HeHHe,
XapaKTepH3yroqee
H3MeHeHHe
cKopocTE
Am BAOJTb
HopManH
dn
,
dts^
n
_:v.
p'
am
B
peeynbrare
HHrerpupoBaHHfl
ypaBneur.rq
(l
l8) BAoJrb
HopMaaI4
n-n ycTaHaBJrHBaror
cooTHorueHHe
Mexqy MepHAHoHaJrbHbrMH
cKopo-
crsMH
Ha rpaHuqHbrx
KoHrypax
(o6oa
H BryJrKa
pa6ouero
xo.iieca)
BT
1numo6:(9=
u*u,
J-
P'
t
oo
H
saKOH pacilpe.{eJreHHfl
cKopocTer'{
BAoirb HopMaJrH
Omo6: Omai
(l
re)
tIre
Amo6
-
MepIIAHOHaJIbHafl
CKopOcTb
B
TOTIKe
nepecerleHHg HOpMaJIH
c
o6oAoMi omn
-Mepr{AHoHaJrbHafl
cKopocrb y
BTyJrKra.
Kax
c.neAyer
H3
ypaBHeHHfl
(l
l9), MepHAHoHaJrbHaq
cKopocrb
y
o6o4a
6o.nlure,
qeM
y
BTyJIKT,I.
3Ha.re.Hufl cKopocrefi
u HX
rrsr\{eHeHue
AT
(0"
JP,
po6
83
aAonb
HopuaJleft
d:
n"
3aBIlcfT rof
oqepTangfl
KOHTypoB
npOTotIHOH
Pu'9
Po+dqu
,u'*
Pnc.
42. I{upryanaxounufi
IIoroK
B rOJIocrIl
ru4poryp6unsr:
a
-
K onpel€JreHHn
qeurpo6or<nofi
cEnu,
neEcrayroq,ef
Ha
qacTaqy
x(ll,4-
iocra; 6'i;'il;;t;;m*f
UU:ti#
;59,il:o
E cooannqrcqeft
a6co'
Ha
qacrrrqy
x(HAKocTH
Maccofi
dn
(puc. 42.,
a)
npn
ee BpeIIteHHH
coKpyr
ocH
rHApotyp6uHbl
co
cKopocrbtu
au
4eficruyer
qeHrpo6ex<Haq
,clf{.ila
o2
,2"
d.F6:
am-i
:
Pbr
dadr
|
.
r
(l2o)
Blrglrsaeuas
AeficrBr{eM
Ueurpo6exuofi
cHJIbI
dFc
cvna
AaBJIeHHt
.dF
p,
4efi
creyroqafl
Ha noBepxHocrb
paccMarpl'IBaeMoro
sJIeMeHra'
onpe-
AeJrflercfl
no
Qopuyne
dF
e
:
@,*
dp,)
(r
*
dr)
bda
-
Pubr
da
-
-r(0,++)bdr
sinf
'
flpe,ne6pefas
BeJIHtIHHaun
6o.nee
BblcoKoro
nopfAKa
MaJIoCTH'
fly
qarcr
(l2r)
no-
z
84
dF
o:
br
da
dPu-
(r22)
BosnHrarcque
B
uupr(ynfluuouHoM
norsKe
ueHrpo6ex(Hbre
cl{Jrbr
ypaBHoBeIIIHBaIorcfl cHnaMH
AaBneHHs,
T. e. dF,
-
dFc.
HcxoAn
H3
sTOrO
yCJTOBHfl HaXOAsr rpaAHeHT
AaBJreHHff
B
paAHaJrbHOM
HanpaBJIeHHH
(norox
HessgxHfi,
4eficteueM
cn.n
rflx<ecrl{
npeHe6perarot):
Bnpax<enne
(123) ycranaBJll{Baer
saBHcl{Mocrb MexAy pacnpeAe-
neHHeM
cKopocrn
uuH
Aawtenl{fl
p4
B
IIoroKe
BAonb
paAnyca.
ilns
npu-
HfiTOTO
saKOHa
in3nreUeHHfl
OKpy)KHOfi
CXOpOCTH
Ou
-
f uJ
npH
flOMOITIH
ypaBHeHan
(123)
orpeAeJlstor
pacnpeAeJlenne
AaBJIeHHf
B
roroKe H,
Hao6opor,
gaAaBrur{cb
o[peAeJIeHHbIM
gaKoHoM
HsMeHeHHs
AaBJIeHI{fl
BAon
b
p
a4wy
ea, onpeAeJrs
ror
p
acnp
eAeJI eHLIe oKp
yx(tto
fi
cocrana srcqe
fi
cKopocru
ou:
f
0.
Paccuorpau
ocHoBHbIe
saBI{cHMocrH
rlHpKynt-
utllutttt.bl,ll ttu'l\rttuE .
floreHrr uail
rsufi
BHxpr
(pnc.
42,6). B Hepa6oqeM
no-
ToKe Heeggxofi
)rffiAKocru
yAeIIbHafi
gneprHfl
noroKa nocrorHHa:
:
CoIlSt.
(r24)
flpoauSQepenq4posan
ypaBHeHI{e
(124),
dPq
*""d"t
-
0.
1g
onpeAenfleM rpaAHeHT
AaBJreHvfl
B
noToKe
dpu
pbv'"dr
dq,
:
br
da
dp;
t ,r2
1Pu:o-o.
dr'r
floActasnqfl 3Haqenae
dpo
n
ypaBHeHHe
(123)
r.tuduu:
$-
6,
H
r{r{rerpnpyfl
nonyqeHHoe
auQQepeHqnaJrbHoe
ypaBHeHHe
fu--d'.
aaf
Puro?
^t-29
(r23)
(t25',)
(126)
:
-
f,
o,dao
T
g
ycraHaBnHBaeM
3aBHcHMocrb
Anfl
noToKa,
HbIM BHXpeM:
Uur
:
COnSt.
Taxxrra o6paaou,
B
[oreHrIHaJrbHoM
UHpKyJIsIIHoHHoM
rloroKe
luo-
MeHT
cKopocTu
-
BerHtIHHa
[ocroflHHafl.
Taxoe
pac[peAeJleHHe
oK=
pyx<uofi
cKopocrr{
B
rloroKe
Mox{er HHAyuHpoBarb
euxpeeofi
UHYP,
pa3Meqesuur?
Ha ocn
ruAporyp6uHu.
H e
nor
eH I{
H aJI b
HsI
fi
B
H x
p
b, onucblBaeuufi
saKoHoM
vuf
-
const
(pnc.
42,6). B
qacrnoM
cryqae
nptl sHar{eHHH
n
-
-l
85
o[HCbIBaeMOrO
nOTeTIIIHaJIb-
(127)
BpaqeHl{e
}KIIAKOCTH
HHs rBepAoro
reJla:
BoKpyr
o6qefi
ocn
noArluHflercfl
au
-
('):
const.
f
saKoHy Bp.aue-
(128)
(t2e)
IIpa
eroM
rpaAHeHT
AaBJreHHt
B
noroKe
dp
:Pai
:
oa2rz
.,
dr
r
'
,
-Po,-r'
flpn
pacrlere
nporoqHoft
qacru
ruAporyp6uss
Heo6xoAHMo
npunerb
TaKoe
pacilpeAeJleHue
cKopocTefi
oo s
UHpKynf[HoHHoM
IIoToKe,
nps,Ko.
TopoM oH
H,
6y4yuu
cJrox(elrHbrM
H co cKopocrg
l\{I{
MepHAHoHaJI bHoro
noro-
xa,
o6ecne.rar
ipe6yeruue
x ap aKrepr.rcrHxll
rnAporyp6unu.
B upaxrta xe
[poeKTHpoBaHHfl
JIolaToK
HanpaBJlffIolqeto
annapaTa
H .nofiq9refi
pa-
6o,rero
xb"rreca
rufipoKoe
npHMeHeHHe
HaxoAHr
noreHuHa.nrHrtfi
IIHpK].
nsqsousufi
roroK
a{
=
const.
B a6co;uorHorrt
rroroxe
rgAporyp6usn
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paBHoBecue
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s :
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noroKoB:
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(130)
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flpnnrenseMbre MeroAbr
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22].
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e
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III)
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ra Crpyxann
Re
:
idem;
Fr
-
idem;
Eu
:
idern;
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:
idem.
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(135)
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l.
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(137)
3. OrHoureuus cHJI
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u,ryp6uHu.
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