Барлит В.В. Гидравлические турбины

0r*"

oTcacb:rBaroqefi

rpy6sr;

Bblr{Hcflfltor

noJIHyIo

AJIHHy

rpV6H

Loc

BAoJrb

ee

ocH

(cM.

ypaBHeH

""

(+iill.

np"

l-lsecrHHx

serH.ruHax

F3,

Fs

Hlo"

ueo6xoAurr'ro

npHHsTb:

oTHOIIIertuehlLoc

Mex(Ay

BbICOTOfi

oT-

cacblBaalqefi

rpy6rr

H

ee

A'rltluofi;

coorHoIIIeHHe

MexAy

srtcotol?

BxoA-

Horo

4uQQysopd

u

KoJreHa

B

3aBr.rcHMocrH

Ot

hlLn;

saKoH

pacnpeAe-

JIeHHs

nnoillaAefi

BAOJIS

OCH

OTCaCbIBaIoulefi

rpy6rr'

Ec'tltl

BbICOTa

V

Tr4tr

KoJreHa

np'Hflrbr,

Bbrcora

u*oa"oio

KoHyca

hp'H

ero

yroJl

B

onpe,lenn-

roTcfl

oAlro3HaqHo.

B oreqecrBeHHOft

npaKTHKe

npoeKrl{p

OBaHflfl'

nporouHoft

IIaCTH

r'Aporyp6uu

npu

oilpeAeJreIluu

pisnaepon..?r_cacblBalolq6x

rpy6

rIoJIb-

sy-rorctotpu*-"ubiivicrsHA'tloy,-1":"^i:*.::*l5#"f.t;l;;1"J#13

no

"tdopy

runa

orcacuearoulefi

rpy6u

AJIn

Ho-

MeHKaarypHblx

pa6ouux

KoJIec

H

orIpeAeJIeHHIo

ee

ocHoBHbIx

reoMerpl{qecKl{x

coorrloueuufi:

BbICOTbil,

AJII{HbI'

THna

KOJIeHa'

yrJla

BXOAHOTo

KOHVCa.

sKBHBaJIeHTHOTO

yrna

pacuHpeHHlo

noto*,

ll

AP.

1231.

flprarraeHreMble

rHnbl

KoJIeH

+-A

cepull'

(puc.

I75)

I{MeIor

orpeAerleHHble

reoMerpHqecKl'Ie

pasra6pu

(ra6"rr'

44)

H

-3aKoH

DacnDeAeJIeHHr

u"tloura.deft

BAoJIb

ocu'

@opult

i.on.it

'A-ft

cepuu

paspa6orauu

B

p$-yJlbrare

M

Horoqu

cJI

eII

HbI

x

ll cc.n

eAos

auuit

uoAe'n

efi

r

I'l

Ap

o-

rvp6Htt

(Hoeuft

otpac.neeofi

craHAapr

orcacbl-

;ffittd-

ipy6

guaqurcnbHo

PacunPeu)'

"---np;

u'oiooo"

Bblcorbl

orcacblBaloillefl

rpy-

!l

I

ii

ll

i,

Puc.

175.

Hopua.nuao-

Oo,lr-iy*o"ol

BaHHOe

KOJIeHo

A

cePHIr

HHflMI4'

U

OAH

BOAHr

K

yJIy'

(puc. 172);

c

1pyrofi

-

IIoBbIIrIaer

cl

floarouy

eu6op

ra6apurHblx

pasM{

AHTCfl

I{a

ocHoB

aHuH

TeXHI{KO-3KOH

rro

BoporHoJIoiI

acrHbix

ruAporyp6utl

AHaJIbHo-oceBbIX

h

>

2,6D1.

B

ocot

crouMocru

3AaHHs

l3C

nucory

orc

cropoHv:

AJIS

OTCacbIBanuHX

T[

P

__

8

--

10";

AJIfl

PaAHaJIsHo-oceI

Pas^,iepbl

orcacH-earcueft

rPY6u

parcT

B

coorBercrBHH

C

nP.HHITbIM

bt"ut

(crra. ra6.rr

.

44,45,

46).

Perorra

ht

:

D+

c

yrnoM

PacKPbITrrfl'

B

nJ

Ta6ru4a

44.

OcHosHue

pasMepu KorIeH

4-fi cepnu

(g.rn

rlp6uwu.

D1:l

'w)

az'

il

R"'

r+t

L,,

,1

84.

,t

4A

4C

4E

4H

20

1,1

1,17

1,23

L352

I,04

1,205

1,275

1,35

1,478

I,135

0,66

0,703

0,745

0,875

0,84

Ta6nuqa

45.

OcuoeHHe

pa3Mepbr

u3ornyTbrx

orcacbraarcrqnx

rpy6

noBoporrroJronacrHhrl(

ryo6nH

(no

.naxnuu

npou3Bo.rr.crBeHnoro odreruuennc

Ta6ruqa 46.

Ocaoanue

pa3mepbr

H3ornyrbtx

rpy6

pa4uaJrbuo-ocenux

ryp6un

(no

.qannurM

npongBollcrBeHHoro

o6tegunenxl

<JlcnunrpaAcxuft

MeraJrJrrrqecxufi

aaao4>)

Lk,

tl

Tnn

pa-

6oqero

KOJIECA

h$,

,t

h4,

,,

8",

,a

L,

,t

h,

,.

20

4E

4H

2,3

2,5

1,000

2,300

2,500

3,500

4,500

.1,500

2,170

2,500

2,740

1,040

I,230

1,352

1,040

I,230

1,352

0,510

0,617

0,670

1,410

1,590

1,750

0,937

I,200

1,310

POl70,

PO230,

PO3i0,

POI 15,

Pot70,

P045,

PO75,

POr

15,

POl70

Horo ceqeHHg

KoJIeHa npu

hn:

Da n

rlt6paHHbrx

Bblcore

orcacblBaro-

u1efi

rpy6sr

h

H

yrne

p"

onpe4eJrffercr

no

Qoprvry"re

r.r

Dsj-

(h-s)

2tSF

u4:W'

(462)

rAe s

-

paccToflHHe

oT

HHX{HeI{

TTJTOCKOCTH

HaflpaB"rrflioirlefo afifiApaTa

Ao

BXoAHoro

4uQQy3opa.

[1pu

hr

*

Dn

D+:2tgp (h-

hl-

s)

*

Do.

(463)

4rr.rir|

KoneHa

npHHHMaror

paBHofr

Le

=-< (1,3

--

1,6)

D4

t231.

Ans

BbrcoKoHanopHbrx

rulporyp6un

(H

>

200

n)

npnMeHflrcr

or-

cacblBalolqHe rpy6u ynpoUeHIIbIx

Qoprur,

o6ecne,ruBarorrlue MeHbrrryro

rxHpHHy

B n.iraHe.

Koneuo

orcacbrBarorqefi

rpy6u

BbrcoKoHanopuofi

ryp-

<JleuunrpaAcrufi

MeriurJrnqecrufi

saeo,q>)

325

6usu

(H

:230

--

700

.u)

o6rtqHo

BbInoJIHflIor

Kpyrnolo

ceqeHHs

H

no-

croflHHOrO

AHaMerpa.

€

Annna

BbrxoAHoro

p,HQSy3opa

saBHcHr

or

npHHsro6

AJIHHbI

orca-

""rruiour"ft

rpy66

H

TvIfla

xo"rrega:

pa3Mepbl

ero

BxoAHoro

I{ BblxoAgoro

ce.reHufi

HseeitHbl

(nxo4noe

ceqeHue

onpeAeJlseTcf

pa3MepaMg

npHHq-

TOrO

KOJIeIIa,

a

B6IXOAHOe

-

npI'IHfTOfi

cXopOcTblo

O6

Ha

BbIxoAe

H3

oT-

cacblBaloqeft

rpy6u).

SxnuBaJIeHrHbIft

yryn-Pacuupel{Hs

noroKa

B BbI-

*;d&

a,QQy^sope

nprrHHMalor

10

-+-

i4'.

Ilcaa

6oxoerte

creHKH

AH4-

Syaopa

nafa;i"rrenbHbr,

a

ero

ocHoBaHHe

fopl'I3oHraJlbHo'

yroJl

noAbelvla

noroJlKa

gu$Qysopa

paBeH

-eKBHBaJIeHrHoMy

ytJly

paclxupenufl"

flpll

r{a T{rToHHonn o.riou

ii"i,

nn$$ysopa

yroJl lroAbeMa

nplluuuaror

He

6o"uee

O

+

iZ;:

O""p;"e

6H.rKH,

ycranaBJIIEBaeMbIe

B

BbIxoAHoM 'u,Hdxpy3ope

np'

Bu

)

10;

12

u,

sblrionHslot

ro'nqu'ofi

6

:

(0'l

-:-

0'15)

85'

PaccroqHHe

or

nxolnoft

KpOMKH

6Uqxa

Ao

ocH

ryp6unn

AOnx(Ho

6urs

He

MeHee

1,4

Dr.

s

83.

OrcacbrBarotrIne

rpy6rr

rcaIICyJIbEbIx

rEApoafperaToB

t

gt.tpvO**

tpyd"t

BeprErc'aJrbubrx

rz4poryp6m

-

fIpHuIIHIIHaJIbHoe

ycrpofictgo

ropH3oHraJIbHbIx

KancynbHblx

ruApo'

arperaToB

H

HX

CpaBHeHHe

c

o6H.IHbIMH

BepTHKaJIbHbIMH

OCeBbIMH

Typ-

6ranaruu

paccMorpeHo

BO

BBeAeHHH

(Cr'r.

$

7)-

onnvtM

H3

rIpeHMyIIlecrB

npoto""ofi

nu.tti

KancyJIbHbIX

I'I'IApoaIperaToB

sBJIffeTCfi

npqMoocHas

orcacbrBaroulafl

rpy6a,

iot"p"

snepfrau

B

Kompofi

sHas'TenbHo

MeHbrue'

Puc.lT6.Cpaerreune3HepreTl{qecKl{xHKaBHTaqHoHHbIX

1

-

eepruxa""X#';:il"i0:?#Xl';'"0

ryp6'

ur'r'

rreM

B

H3orHyrofi

orcacltsaFolqell

rpy6e'

3]?-ggttoflreJlbcrBo

tlo3BoJlfler

cyqecrBeHHo

yBeJHTIHTb

tlponycxnyro

cnoco6socrb'

I{oiqHocrb

n

KflA

ryp6uHrr

(puc.

176).

,'JTyu*'.,"'4puBJIHqecKIje

XapaKTepHcTHKI{

HMeeT

II

p f

M o

o

c-

Has

KoHHrIecKafl

orcacblBalouas

rpy6a

(puc'

177,

a),

oAHaKo

ee

[pHMeHeHHe

cBfl3aHo

c

AonoJIHHTeJIbHbIMH

cTpon-

TeJrbHbrMH

pacxoAaMg

B

cBs3H

c 6onlursu

o6leuou

pa6or

no.coopyll{e-

HHro

sAaHHs

fOC

npu

ycraHoBKe

BeprHKaJIbHbIx

ruAporyp6un'

llptl

326

Aocrarorrsofi

AauHe

I

>

(4,5

+-

6

\

D,

u onrHMaJIbHoM

yrne

paclxH-

peHHfl noroKa 0

:

12

+

14"

ee

KlI,f

MaKcnr\{a.nnHufi

no

cpaBHeHHIo,

cl4pyrr.rrrrH

THTIaMH

rpy6.

Ha

coepeMeHHbrx

Hu3KoHarropHbrx

f3C

ycra-

I{aBJrHBarcr

o6uqHo'

KancyJIbHbIe

rlrApoarperarbr

c

K o

u 6

u

H

r.I

p o

-

B a H

Hbr rrr H orca

cbrB aIoIrI H M

H

Tp y

6 a

uu,

roropue

6o*

Jree

ilpocrbr

B

H3roroBJIeHuH.

Taxas,

orca.ornuoutu"

rpy6a

(p".. 177,.

6,

e)

cocrouT

H3

HaqaflbHoro

KoHyca

./

se6o.nnuofi

AnnHti,

nepeXo,rlHoro,

yqacrKa 2,

rge ceqeHue

rpy6rr

H3MeHflercs

or

KpyrJroro

Ao

npflMoyroJrb-

Horo, H BbrxoAHoro

,qaQQysopa

3

npsMoynoJrbHoro

cerreHufl.

Puc. 177.

Orcacuearculue

rpy6u Kancy,'rbHbrx

ruApor],p6uu:

a

-

KoHaqecKas;

6i

o

-

xou6nsu*r"T;:,Xt^ffi

lXlffi;Sl

Kosyc;

2

-

nepexolsofi

yqacroKl

AuQQysopHocrb

xov6uHHpoeaHHofi

orcacbrBaroueii

rp1'6nr

cyuie-

CTBeHHO MeHgeTCfl

nO

ee

AJIHHe

H

MOX{eT

COCTaB"-IflTb

B

nepeXOAHOM

y,{a-

crKe BeJIHtIHHy nopflAKa20

+-

28o,

n

ro

Bpelv{s

KaK

B

KoHuqecxofi

rpy6e

npa

paBHbIX

3Ha.reHris* L, Dr, Fu

era

BeJrHr{HHa nocrosHHa

H

paBra

20

+-

13".

Eonruas

1H@ysopHocrb

rpy6u

Moxer

ilpuBecrH

K

yxyA-

IrreHur,o

gHepreTurrecKux

KarrecrB

ee H rHAporyp6unbr

B

rleJrorr.

B

psAe

cryqaeB

TaKoe

peIxeHHe

cquTaercfl

aKoHoMrlrIecxH

o6ocHoeaHr{brl\{,

TaK

KaK

xou6sunpoBaHHyio

orcacbrBarou{yrc

rpy6}' c

nepexoAoil{

Ha

npflMoyroJlbHbre

ceqeHHff MoxHo

BbrnoJrHHTb ua

c6opuoro

>KeJre3o-

6eroua

H TeM

caMbrM

yMeHbIxHTb

crouMocrb

ee coopy;*(eHH.rr.

IIpu

pas-

p

a6orxe

orcacbrBalorqux rp

y6

xou6uH

a

poBaH

Ho fi

Qop

nrsr

sau6o

nee

Bax{-

HbrM

flBJrfiercfl

nur6op

AnIHH

HaqaJlbHoro

H rrepexoAHofo

yqacrKoB.

OurtrHuuu

HccneAoB

aHHflMH

ycraHoBJIeHo,

rrro

ArHHa

rrepexoAHoro

327

G,7

Bu1 A

yqacTKa

3HaqHTeJIbHO

BJIHSeT

Ha BeJIHtIHHy noTepb

3HeprHH

B

oTcacbr-

Barou1efi

Tpy6e.

CpannureJlbHble HcubITaHHs

orcacbrBaroulux

rpy6

c

pa3rHrrHbrMu

AIHHaMH

rrepexoAHoro

yqacrxa

Lo.r:

(l

,24

+3r7)

DL

fl oKa3aJrH,

qTo

nyqru

He sHepreTHrlecKHe xa

p

aKTep

HCTHKH

LrMerOT

OTCacbI-

Barourue rpy6rr

c

65.rruunM

sHaqeHHeM

Lnep.

Oxogqare.nbubre

peKoMeH-

AaUHH

no nu6opy onruMaJlbHhrx

AJIHH

yqacrKoB

orcacbrsarcqefr

rpy6u

noKa

oTcyTcTBYroT, TaK KaK

Hx BeJIHqHHbI

SaBHCflT

TaKX(e OT

THIra pa-

6o,rero xo.neca-H

pexsMa

pa6oru

ryp6unrr

[61.

B

npaKrHKe

crpor.IreJlbcrBa

el.anufa

f3C, o6opy,uoBaHHbrx

BepTH-

KaJrbHbrMH

peaKTHBHbrMH ryp6rEnar{H, npuMeHflror

B ocHoBHoM H3orHy-

Tbre

oreaebrBarotque

rpy6u.

O4saxo

Qoprraa

H3orHyrbrx oreaebrBaroulHx

Tpy6

AoBonbHo

cJIo)KHas,

rrro

yAopox(aer

crol{Mocrb noABoAHofi

.Iacrn

s,qanus.

C

ue.nrrc

ynpotrlenur

Qopu

orcacbrBarorqux

rpy6 H

yAerrreBJre-

tr-ufr,

crpoHTenbcrBa

s

AaHHfl,

p

asp atioraHbr

Ta K

H

a3brBaeuwe

panmpgd

note

v

m.caxbntalo t4ue m

p g6w.

Pacrpy6r.as,

orca-

cbrBarcrrlafl rpy6a

or-

JIHIIACTCfl OT KOHHqCCKOfi

QOP.

uofi

KpuBoJrunefisux

creHoK,

KOTOpbIe OtIepTIHBaIOTCff

nO

On-

peAeJreHHofi

saBrdcnMocru

(puc.

178). Taxas,

rpy6a

sHaqHrerrb-

HO

pacruHpflercs

KHHsy;

ee

BbrxoAHafl

rlacTb

pasMerqaeTcfl

B oTBoAflulefi xauepe

cneqvaJrb-

Hofi

Qoprrasr.

flp"

6o.nsurux

BbICOTbI.

B

nocleAHl{e

roAbl

BeAyrcfl

HccJIeAoBaHHfl

no

pq!}pa6otre

sKoHoMHq-

Hbrx

oTcacbrBaroulux

rpy6

noHHX(eHHOfi

eUCOrnr.

flpocToe

yMeHbueHHe

AeJqercfl

no

QoPuYne

(464)

s0a

Psc.

178.

Pagau,rHbre

runbr

pacrpy6uru

orcacbrBaroulux

rpy6:

au

6- 6es xosou.q,a;

6-c

Kogos,qou.

pa3Mepax

ryp6uuu

pacrpy6-

Hafl

orcacbrBaroqan

rpy6a

orrHpaeTcf Ha

6sr.rxu.

Pacrpy6Hafl

orcacblBaloqan

rpy6a

o6.naAaer

cnoco6nocrbro

Boccra-

HaBJIHBaTb

KHHerI,IqecKyIo 3HeprHIo

Bparrr.aroqerocfl

rroroKa.

3ro

npe-

HMylqecrBo pacrpy6uofi

rpy6u

no

cpaBHenHro

c HsorHyrofi

orcacbrBaro-

ureft rpy6ofi

Aocrnraercs

3a c,Ier 6oruuofi

rrrupnHbr

orBoAflrrlefi xaueprr

B rIJIaHe.

MeHruraf

Bblcora

pacrpy6Hofi

rpy6u

o6ecnequBaer

sKoHoMHro

cpeAcrB npn

coopyx<eHun

rroABoAHofi

.racrH

sAaHHq

fOC. Besyc.noeuo

Ha

Hfl

yTIUJI{MH

I r,rAp

aBr

HrIecKHru H xa

p

aKTep

H crrrr{a vm o6na

Aaer

o6srq

H aq

KoHuqecxar

rpy6a L

:

(4,5

-+-

6) Dr, Ho eenpr{MeHeHue

Ha

Beprr4KaJrb-

HbIX ryp6wuax

cpeAHefi u

6onrirofi

uoulHocru

aKoHoMHrrecKH HeorrpaB-

AaHo,

TaK

KaK cBfl3aHo

c 6o.rsurun

sar"ny6JreHueM

ocHoBaHvfl,

sp.aHrs,.

nns

yMeHbuIeHHs

sacrofiHoll 3oHbr,

o6pasyrolrleficn

B

rroroKe Ha

HeKoropbrx pe)r{Hvax

pa6oru

ryp6uHbr,

B

rreHrpe

rpy6u

ycraHaBJruBaror

Te-no

BparqeHHs,

TaK

Ha3brBaetvrstit

rcouou). B erol,r

cJryqae

pacrpy6Hyrc

orcacblBarcrqyro

rpy6y Ha3brBaior

x.ouou)attonort. Tax

xax

pacrpy6Han

orcacbrBarouafl

tpy6a r,rox(er BoccraHaBJrHBarb

3Hepru[o

Bpaulaloue-

rocfl

noroKa

nocJre

pa6ouero

KoJreca,

ee [pHMeHeHue

6onee

qe.necoo6-

pa3Ho

c

pa4r4a[rbHo-oceBsrnan

pa6oqHMH

KoJrecaMH.

HsnecrHo,

tITo

pa-

AI{aJrbHo-oceBbre

ryp6uuu, KaK

ryp6uHtr

oAuHor{Horo

peryJlupoBaHufl

,

uMercT

6o"rrluryro

BeJrHrrHHy 3aKpyrKH rrorcKa

ga

pa6ounrrr

KoJIecoM Ha

HeorrTHMa/I

bHbrx pex(HMax

32a

rAe

0

-

no.nutrfi

yron

pacrlgpeHuf

IIoroKa;

Z:

zJ\

-

oTHocHreJIb-

Hoe

paccrorHue

paccMarpuea6ir{oft

ToTIKH

or

BxoAHoro

cetleHns AI{S-

Sygopa; b

-

+-

orHocHTeJIbHoe

AaBneHHe

B noroKe.

L J

pa"l2

Pacqerst,

BbInoJIHeHHbIe

npu

nol\'loulu

SaBHcHMocTu

$6\'

floKa3bl-

BarOT,

IITO

rpaAI,IeHT

AaBJIeHHfl

BO

BXOAHOM

CeqeHHH

KOpOTKofi

xOnuqe-

cxofi

rpy6u-e

l0

pae

6o.nlrue,

qeM

B BblxoAHorra.

llpu

yBeJIIIqeHHbIx

yr-

nax

pacmupe:fl:,/..s,

noToKa

HMeeT

MecTo

HHTeHCI';IBHOe

HapacTaHHe

norpa-

HHqHOTO

CJIOg,

ero

oTpbIB

H

p$KOe BO3paCTaHHe

BHyTpeHHHX

IIOTepb

sHeprrln

B

KoporKofi

xosnqecrofi

rpy6e.

Onrirnue

HccJIeAoBaHHfl

rloKagbtBalor,

qro

KoporKue

npqMoocHble

orcacblBalourHe

rpy6u,

paccql{TaHHble

npH

ycJIoBHH

o6ecneqeHHr

rlo-

croqucrBa

rpaAHeHTa

AaBJIeHHtI

BAoJIb

ocu

tpy6u

+:

const.

d.z

(465)

HMeOT

MeHbIIIHe

[oTepu

3HeprHIc.

B

raxofi

rpy6e

o6ecnequBaeTcs

orpe-

AeJIeHHbtfi

saxoH

H3MeHeHHn

nJloulal.efi

BroJIb

ocH

rpy6bl'

tIpH

KoropoM

nJIOIIIaAb

IIOTOKa

He3HaqHTeJIbHO

yBeJIAqHBaeTCfl

B

Har{a"[e

v 3Haql'l-

reJrbHo

B BbIXoAHoli

qacru

rpy6lr.

Eonouot.

creHKH

pacrp

y$rcfi

rpy6r't

noJIyqalorcfl

I{pI{BoJIHuefinnivH

(pnc.

166,e);

npu

3roM

AllaMeTp

'rlrc6oro

ceqellHfl

rpy6u o[peAeJlqercs

H3

Bblpa]KeHafl

(466)

3n

D3

VW

12

z-204

D-

/BeJrHrrHTb

qacToTy

Bparlle:H4fr pa6oqeno

r

o6ec[eqHBaeT

BbrcoKr{ft

cpeAHesKcrrJry-

brx Harpy3Kax

ryp6uH

rracrb

corrJr

or-

ronJl

,(oJI)KHo

6ntrs

rlerHbtM;

eo

Hs6exa-

oAurHrrH}r

r{r.r

rHApoarp

eraTa

BbrKJrroqaTb

na.

B

p$yJrbrare

ynyqueHar

nporoq-

p6nH

yBqnuqeHa

6ucrpoxoAHocrb

Ha

arropoB.

rqeHur

pa6ouero

KoJreca

Bo3pacraer

pHBaeMbrfi

nporvrexyroK

BpeMeHH.

@ax-

efiuree

IroBbrrIIeHHe

qacrorbl

BparlteHnfl

,

D

r) iiau'i'uxijice

ijpeMfi

Aol-lycKaeTctt

Ao

MHHyrbr

(npu

uecrH

corrJrax

r4

rracrore

]elluqeHue

rracJra

yAapoB

Ha

KoBrrr

o6e-

run

ryp6r{Hbr

H npHMeHenae

6onl[rero

B

pesy"rrrrare

Bec

H croHMocrb

fnApo-

)frrlee

BpeMfl

BepTHKaJrbHbre

KoBrrroBbie

I

IOpH3OHTaJILHbre,

TaK KaK

ycTaHoBKa

er

eu6part

6o.ntruyrc

qacrory

Bparue-

rHMocrb

reHeparope,

H

noryrruTl

6o.ur-

poafperara

npn

MeHbrutix

ra6apllrax

xeHHro

crouMocrr

3AaHHfl

fAC.

E

pa4aa:rbno-oceBbrx

ru4poryp6nn

Poqeccrt

paAHa/rbHo-oceeofi

H

KoBr.rro-

o

orJrHqarorcq

Mex{Ay

co6ofi

[

18;

271.

.,.

Hsn-eo

JlenuHrpaAcKoro

yHHBepcH-

e npeAyclvlorpeHbl

cnHpaJlbHafl

KaMepa

BOpOTHbTMH

JIOnaTKaMH,

KOTOpbIe

B

3a-

MCHflIOT

BEJIHIIHHY

PACXOAA

H

qHPKY-

.ee

Kolreco.

flosroMy

BeJrHqHHa

AaBJre-

rIIp&BJi€HHe

B

noTor(e

nepen

H sa

pa6c-

)xoAe

or oAHofo pex{HMa

pa6orsr

K

Apy-

pacxoA

BoAbr

r{epe

pa6ouee

Ko"rleco

peAeJrfleMoro

noJrox(eHaeN{

Hf,.rrbr.

llprn

)pocTH

H ee

HanpaBJreHHe

npaKTHrrecKH

iB rrofoKe

rrep$

pa6ovee

KoJreco

raKx<e

,

KaK

rrpaBnJro,

paBuo

aruocQepHoMy.

,y

crpyefi

w

palouuM

KoJrecoM yMenb-_

eprHfl

[oToKa.

o-oceeoi?

ryp6raHu

AaBneHHe

B

noroKe

)fo

npoIBHlKeHHff

or

crrr4pantnofi

xa-

acbrBaroqeft

rpy6sr.

B

xoeuloeofi

ryp-

rra

B BHAe

ceo6o4usrx

crpyrt,

rocry-

qpnvecxoe

HsMeHeHHe

AaBJreHHfl

B rrpo-

yp6nu

noKasaHo

Ha pxc.

61, d, 6.

HmrterraJleMblM

gJIeMeHToIlt

[pororrsofi

qacra

peaKTaeHoft

ryp6auu

flBJIfleTCf oTcacblBaloulaq

rpy6a,

B

KoTopoli

xunerHqecxas

Os €prufl

nO-

ToKa Ha tsbrxoAe

us

pa6oqero

KoJreca

npeo6pasyercfl

B.lonoJrFrr

r4TeJIbHoe

pa3pexeHHe

no.II. HHM.

B xoeuonofi

ryp6uHe

BoAa

c

pa6o,ler-€ KoJreca

nonaAaer HerIocpeACTBeHHo

B HH)KHafi

6r@,

rrosroMy

qacrb

E- anopa

Ha

ryp6uue B

BHAe

pa3HocrH

orMeroK

TorrKH

KacaHHq

crpyH

K

-€-peAHeMy

AHaMerpy

KoJreca

H HH)r(Hero

6l@a

repflercs.

fIoAsoA

BoAbI K

KoBIrau

pa6overo

KoJreca

napuHoHaJrbrr

:--rfi,

r.

e.

B BHAe

orAeJIbHbIx

crpyfi,

qITo

orpaHuquBaer

Hx

yAe.ilbHyro

trrE{aorrlHocrb

u 6srcrpoxoAHocrb.

B

peaxrHsnor?

rlzp6aHe

noroK

rroABoAHrcfl

1ro

BceMy

rrepHMerpy

paooqero

r{oJreca.

B

Auaua3oHe

HanopoB

H

-

200

-+

700

n Bo3Mo)KHo

rrp--r

MeHeHHe

BhI-coKoHarIopHbIx paAHaJIbHo-oceBbIx

H

KoBirroBbrx

fr,rApoTyp

6uw.

He-

o6xoAnuo

per.xHTr,

xaxofi

run

ryp6unu

o6ecneqHT

6onee Bbrcr-----r r(r4e

rex-

HHKo-sKoHoIv{HqecKHe

rIoKa3aTeirH

3HeprerHqecxoro

o6op>,,rZoBaHHs

vr

3AaHHfl fAC. B

ceuglr

c oTHM

npn

npoeKTapoBarruH

Bbtco-: oHarop-

nux

I-3C u nu6ope

ryp6rEnHoro

o6opy4oBaHHr

Ha

yKa3aHHbr-

Haropbi

cJreAyer

npHHHrllarb

Bo

BHHMaHHe

CJreAyrouue

coo6p&r{eHHf,

PaAHa.nlHo-oceBbre

ryp6uHbr

r.rr.rercr

pgA

npeuMyulecrB

rrc>

cpaBHe-

HHIO c KOBITIOBbIMH,

a HMeHHo:

6darnas

6ucrpoxoAHocrb

E-f/p6uyut,

o6ecue.rHBarouag

MeHbIrIHe

Bec H ra6apzru

ruApoarperara,

-JTo

oco-

6eHuo BaxHo rIpH

crpoureJlbcrBe

rroAseMnux

f3C;

Oon-ee

Bbrcor-

rafi

KIIA

B

AI{aIIa3oHe

Harpy3oK

80

-+

100%

or pacqeruofi

MouIHocrH

r-=/p6uHu;

6onee noJIHoe

HcnoJIb3oBaHHe

Hanopa

ua

f3C

npn

ycraHoBxe

fr

a6oqero

Koneca

HaA

ypoBHeM

HHx(Hero

6teQa.

C

4pyrofi

cropoHbl,

KoBIIIoBue

ryp6uHbr

HMeror

cBoH

npegM--.

rr\ecrBa:

IvleHbruee

noBblrrleHlce

AaBJIeHufl

B

HanopHou

rpy6onpoBo,(e

ll---> H

LIgMe-

HeHHH

Harpy3KH

ua ryp6uHe;

npu

HaJIHqHH

B3BeureHHbrx

rB€p,---u-s-6rx

qac-

Tl{U

B BoAe HgHoc

conJla

Id KoBIIiefi

sua.IHreJrbHo

MeHbIrIe,

qe--qg

HgHoc

ynJlorHeuufi_padoqero

KoJIeca

paAuaJrbHo-oceeofi

ryp6uHu, flosroMy

cHHx(eHHe

KnA

xoeuiosofi

ryp6uHu

B npouecce

ee oKcnJr

>laraL\Lrvl

lu-gggrrre.

Kporra-e

rofo,

ilpH

MaJrbrx

Harpy3Kax

ua

ryp6uHe

3- €JrTrqHHa

Kn.4

KoBLIIoBoft_

ryp6uHu

6o"nlrue

no

cpaBHeHuro

c

paAHaJrbHO

-

asgsofi.

PacxoAll

Ha o6c"nyxHBaHue

xoeuroeofi

ryp6nnrr

MeHb[re,

e-

ocMorp

H

pervroHT

rrpoue.

S

86.

llcuo.rrrsoBaHtre

anepruu

rrororca

B rcoBrrrorofi

ru4poE=p6une

flp" H3yrreHHH pa6ov_ero

npo{ecca

KoBrxoBorl

ryp6uubr pag-cMarpa-

BaFor

cH','IoBoe

B3aHluoAeficrsue

r'IelKAy

crpVeft

H KoBIUoM,

ollpeJe,rr.aloT

oIITHlvIaJIbHyto

qacrory

BpalIeHHs

pa6ouero

KoJreca,

BeJruqitfy

Kn.il

r{

rHApaBrHr{ecKHe

rrorepa

3HeprHH

B rgAporyp6aHe

t27l.

Llc-steAoBa-

HHe BbinoJlHsror

rIpH

onpeAeJleHHbrx

AonyueHusx.

B

.racruocr=

,

rroJla-

falor'

tlTo

AHaMeTp

cTpyu

do suauHTeJIbHo

l\4eHbrue

AHalteTpa

pr

-6oqero

KoJIeca

Dr,

u

pac[peleJleHHe

cKopocTH

B

flonepeqHoM

ceqeHHlI cTpyH

paBHoMepHoe.

Clr"rry

B3aHMoAeficrsug

crpyu

c KoBrroM

onpefle.irflbr,

'Hcrr€Jrbsye

TeopeMy

o6

HsN{eHeHHH

KorHrlecrBa

ABHx{eHHs

rroroKa

Ha

yqacrrle

crpyH

if

i

t

I

f

I

Tar

KaK

ABHx(eHHe

crpyH

ycrar{oBuBllleecfl,

AJrfl

onpeAeneHl{fl

BeJrlIqlIHnt

d

(ma)

Aocraror{Ho

BbIqHcJII{Tb

pa3Hocrb

sHaqeHufi

KoJIHqe-

crBa

ABHIKSHLIS

o6teuoB

x{HAKocru

I-l'

vt I I-l1".

llo H3BecTHofi

se'

JrHqHHe d(ma),

BbrtlHcJlessoft

BAoJIb

ocu X

-

X

(Hanpae.neHue

ABH-

^^(^-^-^ t ^-o^^\ ^Ena[andr-r.\T arrqfvo:o:rz a D -, t Q.q'T.ol\t nrt nl.l D--

la\Er:lrllt

P4vLr'1EI

lJ

n\-rlrt-u(r/t

vrryLAvr/rrv

I rr^qlvrrrrv

3

\

I;t

q

vq r

Puc.

183.

K

onpeAeJIeHHIo

cr.IloBoro

ngauuoAeEcrBu.fl

MexAy

crpyefi

H

KoBIrIoM.

BO3AefiCTBHn

CTpy14

Ha

KOBlrr.

I4SN,reHeHHe KoJlr{qecrBa

ABI,IX(eHHfl,

yKa-

3aHHbrx

o6reMoe x(HAKocrLI,

onpeAeJlseTcfl

H3 Bblpax(eEnfl

d'(mu)n-rr,

-

d(ma)pr'

:

m(az,-rtsrr):ff@4-@t*).,

(468)

fAe

(!)zx:

ratCOS

pr;

(!)L*:A

-U

-

ts-

[pOeKIIHH

OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX

cxopociefi

norora

Ha HarpaBJIeHue

repeMelqeHus

KoBlIa

X

-

X.

I,lcno"rssyfl ypaBHeHprr,

(467)

u

(468),

roryqalor

tOdt

ff

a

(cos

p,

-

1)

-

Rdt,

oTI{yAa orIpeAeJIflroT

peaKIII{io KoB[Ia Ha cTpyto

Me)KAy

ceqeHuflMn

I-I 14

I L

I I

(puc.

183).

I4snectHo,

qro

H3MeHeHHe

KoJrr{qecrBa

ABH)KeHHI

rloroKa

d(ma)

3a HeKoropufi

npoMex(yroK

Bpe

MeHH

dt

panuo

paBHoAeilcrByloqeft

R

ecex

CHJI,

AeficrByloillilx

Ha

pac-

cMarpHBaeMylo

Maccy

iloroKa

3a ro x(e BpeMfl:

d(ma):

Rdt.

B

cnyuae

BblxoAa

ryp6unbl

B

pa3roH

(u

:

u) cI4JIa

Bo3AefrcrBufl

crpyH

Ha

KoBIII

np[lvlepHo

paBHa HyJiIo.

-

Moqnocrb,

pa3BuBaeMaff

ryp6uHofi

y'/'o:

PJt:f

O

-

u)(l

-

cos

P2)

a'

Be.rg.rraHa

rr4ApaBJrgqecKoro

KIIA

ryp6uusl

//ro

te

w

-

u) u

(t

-

cos

pr)

|

,,,

1r

:

i

:

d

:

fu

@

-

u)u(l-

cos

Pr)'

(473)

,II,.nr

onpeAeJreHu

r

MaKcprMaJrbHoro

KilA

BbltlucJtslor

qacrHyto

rtpo'

H3BoAHyio

BbipaireHux

(473)

fia u

ii

iipirpaBHuBaior ee

H)ifiIo:

(l

-

cos

Fr)

(u

-2u)

_ n

T-\'"

r{acrsas

[poHsBoAHafl

paBHa

HyJi]o, ecJI[

a

-

2u

:

0.

C"[eAoga'

TeJrbHo,

onTHMaJIbHas

qacToTa

BpaIqeHHa

pa6ouero KoJIeca'

npu

KoTo'

pori

KIIA

ryp6unsr

MaKcuMalluufi,

paBHa:

u

LL--;.

z

floAcraeuB

3Haqelve

u H3

ypaBH eHwfl,

(474)

B

ypaBHeune

(473)r.onpe'

AeJrsror

MaKcuMa;rluufi KIIA

ryp6unn

?ir

max

:

#(t

-

cos

p,)

("

-

+) +:

h(t

-

cos

p,)

f;.

G75t

Ec.nu

6u

cTpys

noBoparluBaila

B KoBIIIe Ha

yI'oJI

Pz:

180",

To

LI3

ypaBHeHH

n

$75)

?lrmax:1

(rax

xaxo:{ffi)^.npqqFreKaHHH

IIrIocKofi

nJracTuHbr,

nepneHAal(yJlflpsofi

x cTpye,

yIoJI

P,

:90",

tE

npH

ycJIoBHH

u

:

$

KnA

paBHnrrcn

6n

romxo

,l:

+.

flo.rrycqepHuecran

$oprrta

KoB[ra

o6ecneqaBaeT

noBopor

rloroKa rtoqrll

Ha

180"

H

TeM

caMbIM

3HarrHTeJrbHo

yBeJniqr{Baer

[epeAa,Iy

3HeprI{I4

crpyH

pa6ouemy

I{o,Tecy.

B

4eficreuTe,TbHocrr4

noBopor

crpyu

B KoBrrre

ocyqecrBJlreTcfl

Ha

yro/l

P,

:

173

-:-

776".

Kpoue

roro,

npoqecc

npeo6pasoBaHufl

B conJle

noreH-

uiia,rrlnoft

gHeprHH

B l<uueruqecKyto

ocBfl3aH

c

norepflMl{.

C

yuerola

CKa3aHHOfO

IuO)KHO

3aIIHCaTb

uon,

1iH

'Ilrmax

<

l-

VcraHaeJruBaror

3aBncaMocrb

MelKAy

Berutlunofi

KllA

H

fHApaBd'lH-

qecKHMH

norepflrru

B

KoBtrroeor?

ryp6liHe.

!.ns

gTofo

ABHX{eHHe

xoelrrefi

pa6ouero

KoJreca

3ar,{eHfror

npfir,{o"nuueussrM

nocryrlareJlbHblM

ABHX{e-

HHeM

oAHoro

3KBHBaJIeHTHoTo

KoB[ra,

Ha

Koropufi

nocroqHHo

eosAeii-

crByer

crpyr.

C.{liraror,

qro

rrocry[areirbHafl

cKopocrb

SKBHBaJI€HTHOTo

KoBrxa

paBHa

oKpylKHofi

cxopocrrE

pa6ouero

KoJIeca

Ha

paAuyce

R,

:

?.

flpe4no"rraf

aroT

TaKx(e,

rrTo

qacTHrlbr

xHAKOCTH

rrepeMeqaroTcfi,

B

KoBrrre

B

rrJrocKocTflx,

napa/IJIeJIbHbIX

ocH

crpy[

TT

TrJIocKocTH

pa6o'

qero

KoJreca.

Kportre

roro,

[peAnoJlarator,

IITo

clofi

]I{H,4KocrH

BHyrpI{

337

(467)

(46e)

(470)

drlr

0u

(47z',)

(474)

tO

R"

:

ti

(,

-

u)

(cos

pr

-

1).

b

B

ceorc

oqepeAb,

cr4[ra eosAeftcrBafl

crpyr

Ha KcBIrl

p,:

-,R,

:

LS

@

-

u)

(l

-cos

pr).

Onpetrenrror

cTpyH

Ha

KoBru B

JJO

MaKcur{a"rlbrr\1to

Be"[Hr{HHy

P,

cw"rybt eosAelAcrBug

IIpeA[oJIox{eHIil{

tt

:

0 u

F,

=

l80o:

2tQo

(7

b

tI

D

r

rmax

-

(47r)

KOBIUa

AOCTaT9IIHO

TOHKHfi,

a

uaCrH[bI

)I(HAKOCTH

ABHx(yTCg

11O

oAHHa-

KoBbrM

rpaeKroptflM

1271. AeficrenreJlbuoe

reqeHxe

noroKa

B

KOBIIIO'

eofi

ryp66He

3gaqr.rreJrbrro

cloxHee.

OAnaxo

3aBHcI'IMocrH,

norytleH-

rrbre

c

HcnoJIb3oBaHHeM

nepequcJeHHblx

AorIyUeHHfi,

KaqecrBeHHo

coulacyloTcg

c

p€yJIbTaTaMH

OIIbITHbIX

HCCJIe,U,OBaUIIfi-

An;

onpeAeJIeHHf

3aBLlcI{MocrH

Me)KAy

IHApaBJIHqecKHM

KflA

qn

H

norepsMg

sHeprr4r

hi-.z

B

pa6oqeM

KoJIece

HcnoJlb3ylor

ypaBHeHI{e

/I. 3fi"riepa

AJrrr

iyp6orraalrrqg

(78)r{

ypaBHeHHe

3HeprHH

ArIs

orHocH-

:reJrbrroro

noroKa

(59)

(cna.

$

ll;

l2).

Vpaanenne

sHeprHH

orHocnreJlb-

HO1O nOTOKa

saIIHCbIBarcT

AJIS

BXO,I,HOTq

fl

B6IXOAHOIO

CeqeHl{fi:

Pi

1- z; I 4

-i

:Pz

+ z^

-r-

*:

-i

* o, 6.

(4TG)

T

,

zLtZg-E:T-zz--f-

ZE-'Zg=tLr-z'

B

AauHoM

cryqae

ri:

rr:T

H

/ro:

r'o:Lt.

I4s

paccMorpeHnq

rpeyrorlbHHKoB

cKopocreft

(puc. tS9)^lg

BX^o+e

H

BbIxoAe

H3

pa6oqero

KOJreCa:

Ar

:

Uu,i

0u,

:

4

-

@zcos

(180"

-

Fz):

vuutltnax,

iITo

Pt:

:

pz: pawi

ttr:

Itzi

Zi:22,

H3

ypaBHeHHx

$76)

no/ryqarcT

3aBHCH-

MOCTb MeXAy

OTHOCHTeJTbHbTMH

cKopocTflMH

noToKa

Ha

BxoAe

I{

BbIXOAe

I{3

KOBIXA

&)2--{t1-rror-r-

tell/

L

-'+:

lrt)r. (477)

vt,

C

ApyrOfi

cTOpoHbI,

oTHocHTeJIbHafl

cKopocTb

noToKa

(!)z

:

eu;r-:

:

(

(o,

L

u),

orKyAa

onpeAeJrflror

oKpyx(Hylo

cocraBJlqrcilry.Io

a6co'

,rrorno* .xopocttl

"u

BbIXoAe

E3

KoBIIIa

uu,

--_U

i

(

(rt-

rz)

cos

pt.

floAcrasJlfffl

3HatIeHHfl

ou,

Lr I)u,

B

ypaBHeHHe

JI.

3fi"nepa,

noJlyqarcT:

lbgH

:

n

l(ao,

-

u)

- (,

(ai

-

u)cos

prl

:

u

(ai

-

u)(1

-

(

cos

pt),

orKyAa

roflyqarcr

Bblpax(el{He

,4Js

KIIA

ryp6nuu

u(ai-u\(l-(cosPr)

.rn

-

gH

OrsocnreJlbHble

BbIXoAHbIe

rlorepH

L,,x:+:e

tr4a

paccMoTpeHHs

BbrxoAHOrO

rpeyroJlbHl4Ka

cKopocTefi

a7

:

uz

+

sf

-2uarcos

(180

-

F)-

vuurlrnat,

rrTo

r/.2

:

€

@,

-

u)

It BbInoJIHHB

npeo6pa3oBaHHff'

iloJIyqalor

af,:uit.9'+

('(1

-t1i)'-2{

(l

-.p)

(cos(180'-

Fr)l'

(483)

floAcraegB

3Harlettue

o2,

e

ypaBuenue

(482)'

HaXoAfT

Bblpax{euue

BbIXOAHbIX

OTHOCHTeflbIIbIx

ilorepb

(n,x:

o'[9t

+

(2(1

-+)'-29(1

-9)

(cos(180'-Fe)l'

(484)

tlro6m

onpeAeJrHrb

BeJrlrqr{H}

rponr, ilPH

xoropoft

B-bIxoAHbIe

lloreprl

M.HHHMaJIbH6I,

BbIr{HcIsIor

npoH3BoAHyIo

Bblpaxeryut,

(484) iloQ

u

npY-

paBHHBarcT

ee

HyJIIO:

d("or*

-.r\2 ro t. or2 1 o,t,rZ of nnc / I Rno

-

p^'l

-L

;;l-

:

@2

Pq

-2e2

+

2+('

-21cos

(

180"

-

P')

*

+

4(q cos

(180"

-

Fr)l

:

0,

orKyAa

onpeAeJlflior

orIrHI\{aJIlHsIfi

xoaQQuUHeHT

oxpyxHofi

CKo-

pocrH

.

(t

+

q

cos

(180o

-

F")

yonr

-

fi

yz

*

2(

cos

(190"

_

Fr)'

llpnuHuar

[

:

1,

H3

ypaBHeHHn

(485) HaxoArr

I

:

0t9'

c

yuerou

ro,fepb

3Hepfr4H

e

pa6oueM

Ko,Iece

e

+

l-H npH

Fz

s'

180"

iloryqaIoT

r2t r f

qT\:

f

....._

-:--:-

yonr-

tJ- fzJ_9f

1_Lf-'

t

-l

5

I

&5

b

CorlacHo

ypaBHeHHIo

(477)

(

<

l,

ilosroMy

gonr: 0;46

-+

0,49.

E39

flo4craeJlltlor B

ypaBHeHue

(478)

eupax<eHufl

cKopocrHoro

xoaS$ra-

IrHeHra

u

xoaQ$HqgeHra

oKpy)KHofi

cxopocru:

(478)

(47s)

(480)

(482)

(485)

o-

"t

:

1/2gn'

,!:

L

Y-

ui

aVEtr'

floc.ne

npeo6paaoeaHl'Ifi

ypaBHeHHe

(a80) npHHHh'{aer

BHA

2u,a,

(,

-

lf

) tr

-

(

cos

flz)

1r

:

2

(l

-

q

cos

pr)

o'q

(t

-

q).

(481)

He

paccrraorpeHHs ypaBHenun

(481)

c^ne4yer,

qro

THApaBJIH'recxHfi

KilA

xbsuoeofi

ryp6iribl

saBHcHr

or

BerIHqHHu

xoaQ$HqueHra

6,

xo-

338

(486)

q,:

(478)

Cxopocrnofi

xosQQlluneur

xapaKrepHsyer

rlorepn_sHeprl{H

B

coIUIe

H B

crpye

Ha

yqacrKe

or

conJla

Ao

p969uero

KoJIeca.

Ero BeJIHqHHa

Ha'

xoAHTcfl

B

npeAeJlax

@

:

0,97

+- 0,98._CyqecTByeT

3aBHcHMocTb

MexAy

xoaS$rnt1raeiroror

(D

u

KnA

conJra.

KnneruqecKas

sHeprHff

crpyn

Ha

BbrxoAe

I{3 coll.na

(488)

rA€

4c

-

KnA

conJla;

Hn-

BeJIHTIHHa

Ha[Opa

Ha BxOAe

B

ConJIo'

p_aBgag

pa3HOCTH Ha-

ropa

Ha typ6uue

H

H Iiorepb

A,H

n

KoJIrIeKrope

(fl

-

LH).

Hs

ypaeHeHnn

(488)

c.rleAyer,

qro

q:{mn-o[8T".

Orxyla

o

-

{'*.

KIUL

conJra

3aBucr{r

or

orHorrrenuq

AHaMerpa

crpyH

K

AHaMerpy

conna

doldi;

llc

:

0,95 +-

0,98.

Kpoue

rHApaBJrHrrecKHX

norepb

B KoBlrlonofi

ryp6uHe

HMelorcs

Me-

xaHrrqecKr{e

noTepH

B

no,{IIIHnHHKaX,

BeHTHJIflqI{OHHbIe

nOTepH

Ha Tpe'

IrHe Bpalqaroqerocn

pa6ouero

Ko.IIeca

o Bo3Ayx

u o6leussle

noTepu.

B

gasncrMocrr{

or

pa3Mepon

pa6oqero KoJIeca,

conJla

u

6ucrpoxoAl{o-

crH

nonusrft

KnA

KoBruoBbrx

ryp6un

Mox(er

Aocrnrarb

BeJIHIIHHbI

1

:

9lo/0.

S

87.

Ocnonsrre

rEApaBJrRrIecKrre

rapamerpbr

r 6rrcrpoxoAHocrb

Bupaxeu

r1fl,

AJtr.

npHBeAeHHbrx

BeJIH.IHH

pacxoAa,

o6oporon

H

IvIouI-

Hocrg,

a

raK)Ke

6srcrpoxoAHocru

AJrfl

KoBIrIoBbIx

ryp64H

IloJlyr{anr,

lrc[oJlb3yfl

BbIBeAeHHbIe

paHee 3aBHcHMocrLI

(q"r.

$

20,22).

ff

puee)ettnoui

pa.cxod oflpeAe.rqror,

BbIr{HcJIHB

BHatlare

pacxoA KoB-

urOeoft

ryp6nnu

C OAHHM

pa6ovtlt*l KoJIeCoM

H

OAHI'In{

COIIJIOM:

BerHqHHa

xoeQQuuHeHTa

gor,'

sasHcHT

TaKx(e or,

pelKHMa

pa6oru

ryp6unu,

xapaKrepu3yeMoro

pa3HbIMIt 3HaqQHHTMH

t?r

npH H3MeHeHHH

rrailopa

Ha

typ6nHe:

xDn

0.0118

,

:ffin:-,-n''

rAe do

-

,(H8M€Tp

crpyH.

340

OrxyAa

nPuee4euuslfi

PacxoA

Qi:ffi-ry(#)'

fAe

Kz:+:3'48'

Ltrs

MHorocrpYfinoir

rYP6nuu

Qi

:

K2o,zo(+)"

t/Le

zo-

tIHCro

crpyft'

II

pune)eHHbrc

o5oPomw

.-,

nD,

_

oowl/Wo,

-6oVTe

e

ui

:

rlr:v-n

rL

-

01

:

/(r@Q,

(493)

fAe

Ks:ry:84,b.

Il

puse}eHHafl

nloulHocmb

,a,

rQf

'r

looo.

3,48120@

/g"\'

-

/vi:-m:-T

\D;/

:34

\zoo_(*)'

E otcmpoxod

uocmo

mg

P6uuut

ns:

B,Gbni

{dfi:

(1oq,,K;/@n+:

K+WA'

(4e5)

rAe

Kr

:

3,65; K:

KrKr@

VKftq'

Kar

cleAyer

I43

paccMorpeHHfl

3aBHcPIMocrra

(495),

6ucrpoxoAuocrb

r1,p6i.rHrr

npouopUuoHarrbna

Bo'IHTIHHaM

K,

dolDL

H

pacrer

no

Mepe

yBe"rgqeH

uf.

s1c'ila

Cotwt

Zs.

nnn

KoBIxoBoft

ryp6unbl

C

9AHHM

coIIJIoM

(zo

:

l)

ornoureHue

(+)'',"

-

6

-+

7, uto

coorBercrByer

ns:

37

---

43'

Arn

MHorocrpyirnux'

KoBIrIoBslx

ryp6un

(puc'

184):

nPH

Zn

:

2 tls

:53

--:-

6l;

>

Z-o:

3

ftr:

65

-+

75;

n

Zn:4

flr:75+-87;

>

Zo

:

5

ftr:93

-- 97;

>

zs:

$ fts:91

-+

106.

rleu

ueHbrrre

ornorrreHue

DLldo,

reu

6onuure

6blcrpoxoAHocrb

Typ-

6un

(crrr.

ypaBHeHHe

(a9b).

OAuano

ilpH

3Harrelr'sx

+

a6

+-7

KnA

341

:

K,o(fi)"

(4e

1)

(4e2\

zr=t\

d

\

\\

\

ll

rl

__t

t

f

I

20

30

405070ns

(494)

Psc.

184.

Bu6oP

q'c'ra

COIIJI

B 3ABHCI{MOCTH

OT

6ucrPoxo4Hocrn

tYP6unu'

H,M

I

l

-t000

500

400

3w

200

100

N

60

LO

fr

l0

+:r"Hn,

-s2

iu

Q:

#

@y' 2gH,

(4e0)

pesxo

cHHx(aercs.

Iloarouy

.oup"t.nnt. ryp6uunr

npoeKrupyror

AJIfl

nsmax:60

"

(+\

:

10-'-,

18,

r{ro

coorBercrByer

6ucrpoxo4-

\

4o

/onr

HOCTH

Ha

O,4HO

COIJIO

fts:

14_-26.

Onrtrnrte HccJIeAoBaHHfl

noKagblBalor,

rITo

AHaMerp

crpyu

cJleAyer

qpHHHr{arb

He

MeHee

do

:

55 un; B KpynHbrx rHAporyp6HHax

AHaMerp

crpyH t{oxer

6urr

do:

500

nn rI

Aax(e

6oature.

$

88. Onpe,4eneurre ocuoBbrx

pailMepoB

rcoBmoBofi rn4poryp6unrr

flp"

ilpoeKTHpoBaHHH ryp6uHu 3aAarorcfl HarropaMr.r Hmin, Hr,

H^

*,

eAHHHrrHofi rrroulHocrbro arperara H

qncfloM

arperaroB

Ha f3C.

B

xoAe

npoeKrnpoBaHLrfl orpeAe"rqror:

AuaMerpbr

pa6ouero

KoJreca

H crpyu,

qucJo

corrJr,

qacrory

BpaureHHfl Lr

rrn

ryp6untr.

tlro6H

ebr-

6pars

oIITHruaJIbHbrfi BapHaHT,

paccMarpHBaror

HecKoJrbKo runoB

rHApo-

ryp6HHHoro

o6opyloaaHrrs

Ha saAaHHbre

ycJrosus,I22;

271.

D,ns

npel,-

BapHTeJIbHoro

ou6opa

runa

ryp6uHu Mox(Ho

BocrroJrbgoBarbcs

HoMo-

rpauruofi

(puc.

181).

Maxcuua.nrsufi

pacxoA

qepes

ryp6uHy

Aafl

3aAaHHbrx

pacqerHbrx

r{oIIIHocrH

H Hanopa orpeAeJrflror no

Qopnay.ne

BO3pacraloT.

Als

oKoHrlaTelbHofo

nu6opa

runa H

pa3Mepoe

ryp6HHbI

cpaBHH-

Ba19r

sHepreruqecKr4e

rroKa3areJlu

pa3ruqHltx

pa6oqHx

KoJIec

AJIfl

3a-

AaHHofo

AHaIIa3oHa

H3IueIIeHHf

HaIIopa

u MolIlHocTH

Ha

ryp6uue.c

Y-qe

roM

BpeMeun

pa6oru

ryp6r.rHbl

npa

pa3IHrIH_bII- Harpy3Kax.

tlro6u

o6e-

cneqaTb

BbIcoKHft

cpeAu$KcrlJlyaraUuouuufi

KnA

ryp6HHbI,

p€KoM€H=

.qyercq

rrp H

HH

Marb

n

p

HBeAeHHbIe

p

acq€THble

o6oporbl

HecKoJIbKo

6oJIbIrI

e

orrTHMaJIbHbIX.

flpunra

BeJiHqHHy

nip

u cI{HxpoHHyIo

qacToTy

Bpaqe-

rrr{cr vrorrHqror rrHaluerD oa6ocero

KoJIeca:

D,

:

oi'V

H

o

-

---"'r

J

--

----

-

U

fl ep eou

a

qaJI

bHo

p

a cxoA

lep

g

ry

p6-H

Hy

6rtn

sH'I

H c.rl

eH

n

p

I'I 6JI

H)KeH

Ho

npg

npHHsroM

sHaqeHIlH KnA

Typ6HHbI.

OcranoBl,IBruIlcb

oKoHqa-

roroft

BpatqeHus.

Heo6xoAHMo

n

pa6oveu

KoJIece,

TaK

KaK

c

TeJrbHo

Ha

onpeIeJIeHHOft

BeIHTIHH

e

AHa-

Merpa

Harypuofi

ryp6uubl,

npu

noMouln

yHnBepcantsoil

xapaKrepl'IcrHKH

MoAe-

JIH

yroqHftoT

llH H

nepecrIHTbIBaIOT

pac-

xoA-.

Aa"nee

yroqHslor

AI{aMerp

do

c{pyu'

nocJle

qefo

npHHHMaIOT

BbIXOAnOfi

AVa-

Merp

conrla

'

d

-

(1,1

+-

1-,2)

d-0,

Ha

3a,{,aHHbIe

Hanopbl

Hmin,

Hn,

H*u*

H

TAKXC

OIIEHHTb

BCJIHqHHY

HANPfl}KCHHH

yMeHbIIIeHIaeM orHoIrIeHHfl

Dtldo

ouu

ZtAafi12t4LI,%

do,tltl

zn

rJU

10

(4e6)

rAe

Krut

ryp6unu

:npunuuaror

I,

:

0,86

+ 0,9

-

e

saBHcHMocrH

oT ee pa3MepoB

H THrra.

.Il,uauerp

crpyu

BbrrrHcJrsror

rrpn noMoulH

3aBHcHMocrH

(a90):

Q-,*:##,

do:{fu:0,545{m,

Psc.

185.

OnPe4eleune

nonPaBKIr

K|IA

AI

:

f

@ol

ronuoeoft

tYP-

6nHu.

npHHfrble

napaMerpbl

ryp6uuu

crpoflT

sKcrrJIyaTaUHoHHyIo

xap

arrepucrury

HarypHofi

rr'llpotyp6uust'

IIoJIb-

s

y

fl

cb

y

H

H Bep

ca.rr

lHo

fi_

{g

gaKrep

HcrI{

Koft

MoAen

I{'

"

/].n^

uttutlcnenus

KIIA

ryp6HHrr

npu

pa3nl{tlHblx

pex{HMax

Hyx(Ho

3HaTb

IIonpaBKy

An,

-KoTopylo

orpeAeJInIoT

cJleAyloulnrvr

o6pasoM' Ans

Ka)KAoro

3HatIeHHfl-ni

sa

yHHBepcallnofi

XapaKTepHcTHKe

MoAeJIH

Ha-

xoAsT BeJrr4rIHHu

rlr,r v

Qi

H BbIqHcJIfltoT

AHaMeTp

cTpyu

MoAeJIH

do*:0,545D1l/q,

(4e8)

rAe

ei

-

rrpHBeAeusufi

pacxoA,

rrpprxoAflg\raftcn

Ha

oAHo

conJlo.

Ec.nn

flonyr{eHHafl

".ttu"ni

dr*

<55

u*t,

npu

rIoMorIlH-{Puaofi

Aq

I

f

@r)

1fnc.

185)

onpeAerlnror

nonpaBKy

Aq, a

sareM KIIA

sa-

,yir"o*

ty'pOrrlt

AJrfl

paccMarpr.rBaeMoro

pelKaMa

?i*

:

CI"

*

At.

Eclx

do*

>

55

'ttu,

Atl

:

0

u

1'

:

1r*r.

Ha

saxarcqHreJtbuofi

craAHIl'en6opa

rgna

I{

napaMeTpoB

typ6uttlt

Ueo6XOAl.tMo

rIpOaH

aJILI3rIpOBaTb

KaIIHTaJIOBJIOx(eHHfl

Ha

CTpoHTeJIbcTBo

f3C,

.rounno.ib

aKcrIJIy

arar\t4vr

H

peMoHra'

HaAelKHocrb

o6opyaoBanufl'

HT.A.

$

89.

Brr6op

aJreuerrroB

rporoqnofi

qacrE

Paarraeplt

H

Qopirra

noABoAflulero

KoJIeHa

oAHocor"roeofi

ryp6uHu

t4lrt

KoJIJIeKTopa

luHorocortnoeofi

A6JIX(HbI

6ltrs

nst6pault

TaKI{MH'

qro6sl

o6ecneqtlTb

MHHHMaJIbHbIe

rHApaBJIHrIecKHe

IIoTepH

H

paBHOMep-

Hoe

pac[peAe,'IeHHe

cKopocTu

Ha BXoAe

B

conJlo-

Ans

SToro

cKopocTb

noToKa

Bo

BXOAHOM

CeqeHHH

KOJTJIeKTOpa

He

AoJIIKHa

npeBbIIIlaTb

ollpe-

Aenesuofi

BeJrHr{HHbru

:

KVEH,

rA€

K

-(

0,09

(ueru

6o.nlule

Hanop'

u3

(4s7)

rAe

z0

-

rrucJro

conJr;

@

-

cKopocrHofi

xoeQQuuueHr,

BeJruqHHa

Ko-

Toporo

0,97.

Tax

xax

qHcJIo

conJl

I{ orHoIIreHHe DLld0 rroKa Heu3BecrHbr,

IreJIe-

coo6pasHo

BbrnoJIHHTb BbrrrHcJIeHHfl

AJrfl

psAa

suaqeHrafi; 20

:

I

-+6

u Dtldo:

10

+-

18,

a sareM ett6parr orrHMaJlrurtfi BapHaHr.

Onpe4errrcr

caHxpoHHyro

qacrory

BpaureHHs

fuAp-oarpefara,

sa-

AaBLIrHcb

o[THMaJrbHbrMH

rrpHBeAeHHbrMH

o6oporault nt

:

39

o6l-uun.

flpr

paccMorpeHaH pasflHqHbrx

BapHaHroB KoBruoBbrx

ryp6rau

npH-

HHI{arcT

Bo BHHMaHHe cJreAyroqee.

Vne"[H,reHHe

qnc/ra

conJr

H

yMeHb-

IileHHe

orHomeHun Dr/do

flpHBoAHT

K

coKparrreHuro

pa3Mepon ryp6uHu,

ee Beca

H crouMocru

(Ho

npH

groM

rpe6yercq

6o,'ree

crox<Hsrfi

KoJiJieK-

rop);

oIHoBpeMeHHo

yBelxqnBaercfi

qacrora

BpauIeHH

n

ryp6urnr.

Bec

feHeparopa

o6paruo

rponop[HoHaJreH KBaApary

qacrorbr

BparqeHufl,

no3Torry

rrpH yBeJruqeHHH

rracToTbr

BparqeHHs Bec

reHepaTopa H

ero

uaxoebrft

MoMeHT

cyrqecrBeHHo

cHHx{arorcff

.

C.ne4onareJlbuo,

AJrs

yMeHb-

ileHHs

pa3MepoB

H cror.rMocrx oHepferHqecKoro

o6opyAoBaHH s, H

g&a-

utis.

f3C

ue.necoo6pasHo

npHuqrb

BapHaHr

ryp6uurr c

6o.ururefi

qac-

u2

Puc.

186.

I(

nur6oPY

QoPuu

COIIJIA

II

gTJIbI.

TeM

MeHbrrre K).

Pasuepu

nonepeqHblx

ceqeHufi

xo.nneKTopa

onpele-

31qnT

HcxoAg

ils

ycaosur

nocroqHcTBa

cKopocTH

ncp

:

const

BAoJIb

"rO

ap"Anefi'.rrsnU

V utrtvt.

gpI{HHMaIOT

BeJIHtIHHy

OcP

Bo3pagTaloqefi'

BXoA-

nofi

AraarraeTp

ConJIa

[pLIHLIMaIoT

B

3

-.-

3,5

paSa

6o.nlure,

tIeM

Ha BbIXOAe

",

""ro.

flbetorray

Aaxe

npLI

MaKcHMaJIbHoM

pacxoAe

-qepes

ryp6uuy

cpeAHff

cKopocTb

noroKa

B

KoJIJIeKTope

npl{MepHo

s

l0

pa3 MeHbue'

qeM

Ha

BbIXoAe

H3 Co[JIa.

E,narOAaps

gTOMy

IIoTepH

gHeprHH

B

K9IJIeK-

TOpe

HeBeJTHKU.

Ha

ocHoBaHr4U

no.4po6Hblx

gKCnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX

HCCJe-

Aoe

aH

H fi

p

asp

a6ora

uu

Qo-p^uu

KoJIfi

e

Krop

o B'

yAoBJI erBop-f

rolllue

II

peAb-

fl BJIteMbIrra

rpe6onaHufl

M

L27

l

-

Keu 6s-no oTMeqeHo

BbIlUe,

HanpaBJIqrOU-lifi

anfiapaT

KOBIIIOtsOft

ryp-

l\glr vsrurv

v

6unst

cJryx(HT

AJrs

npeo6pasoBaHHfl

IIOTeHUHaJIbHOfi

sHeprHl',l

IIOTOKa

o

B

KHHerHrIecKylo

3HeprHIo

crpyH

rI

peryJllr-

poBaHHs

pacxoAa

IIpH

H3MeHeHHH

Harpy3-

KH.

flo3ToMy

KoHTypbI

conJla

H

HTJIbI

cJIe-

Ayer

3aAaBarb

TaKHMH,

tITO6bI

o6ecneqgrl

rrJIaBHOe

H3MeHeHHe

pacxoAa

rlpil

[epe-

MerrleHI4H

HrJibI

Ha

xoA s.

Kportae

Toro'

Ha

Kax(AoM

OTKpbITHH

CKOpOCTb

noroKa

AOJI-

x{Ha

H3MeHflTbCfl

TIJIaBHO

BAOJIb

OCI4

COIIJIa'

Oueprauufl

conJla

noa6rapalor

AJIfl

nrt6pau-

Hbrx

Bxo,u,Horo

H

BhlxoAHoro

ero

AHaMeTpoB'

yquTbrBafl

npu

oTOM

Soptuty

HfJIbI,

KoHcrp_yKIlHIo

MexaHHsMa

ee

[epe-

MeUleHHs

u

AP.

Lns

nu6opa onTuMa;lsot:t

Sopult

conJla

paccMaTpu-

BaIOT

HeCKOJIbKO

BapHaHToB,

AJlfl

KOTOpbIX

CTpOflT

noTeHuHa.tlbHble

no-

TOKH

npH

pa3flHqHbrx

oTKpbrTr.r'-.xH

rrpoBoAflT

MOAeJIbHbIe

HCCJ{eAOBaHHfl

-

Lnn

ofipasouuHns

Kol\,Inaxrsofi

crpyl4

seo6xoAnrao

o6ecneqHrb

Aocra-

TOTIHOC

CYX{EHHC

IIOTOKA

HA BbIXOAC

H3

COUIA'

qTO

AOCTHTACTCfl

3A

CIICT

npI{HsTHfl

oilpe,D.eJleHHolo

qeHTpaJlbHoro

yrJla

coIIJIa

1.

Mox<Ho

pelg-

MeHAoBaTb

cJIeAyIoIIIHe

BeJIHT{I'IHbI

yrJIoB

coIIJIa

?

I{

HTJIbI

a

(puc'

186):

yla

-

60"/45",

90"i60',

80"/55'.

@opnra.4eQ.rrexropa

14 noJrox(eHue

ero

ocu

rloBopora

AoJIx(Hbl

o6ecne-

qHTb

MHHHMaJItsrtfi

MOMeHT,

4elicrnyrcufrail

Ha

Hero

co cTopoHbl

cTpyl4'

Cepnonaorop,

ynpaBJrflrourr4fi

no"noxeHuel,l

AeS,lexropa,

lihleer

rIpI4

3ToI{

ilau\lelibluue

pa3N{epbl.

llpurtreHflroT

pa3"'rHqHbIe

cnoco6bl

npeAoTBpa-

ilIeHHf

BbrxoAa

ryp6HHbI

e

paa.ou:

4eQ,rexrop,

pa3AeltffroUrrfr

crpyro

Ha

ABe

qacTH

(Olna

qacTb

cTpyll

[poXoAHT

I\{HI\'IO

pa6ouero

KOJIeca,

Apy-

tar- HanpaBJIseTCf

Ha

TbIJIbHylo

noBepXHOCTb

KoBIIIeIi,

qTo

Bbl3bIBaeT

6ucrpoe

ropMox{eHne

pa6ouero

l{oreca);

B

I{rJIe

npeAycllarpHBaIor

cne-

UHaJIbHbIe

JIoIIaTKH,

KoTopble

BbIcTyraIoT

B

tIoToI(

IIpH

pe3KoM

c6pcce

Harpy3I{H

(npll

3ToI{

Crpyf

3HarlllreJlbHo

3aKp}'tlHBaercfl

u

pacunpn-

eTCfl,

a

ee

3Hepflifl

paCCeHBaeTcf);

yCTaHoBKa

CneIII4aIbHoro

oTpax{a-

TeIf

Ha

KoX(yXe

ryp6uHu,

rlpn

nOMoUl.Il

KOTopOTO

cTpYf

'

OTBoAHIUafl

Or

pa6ouero

KOJIeCa

IIpH

yBeIHiIeHliH

qaCTOTbI

ero

BpaI[eHHfi'

oTKJIOHfl-

ercq

Ha rbrrbHyto

cropoHy

KoBlxell.

trnn

npo$u"rlupoBaHHs

KoBrIefi

pa6ouero

KoJIeca

HcnoJlbsylor AaH-

Hbre

peueHuq npgaofi

u

o6paruofi

sb1aq

(cr'r.$ 15,

16).

!.nn

peueHuq

nparrlofi

3aAarIH

AOJIIKHbI

6urr

3aAaHbI:

Qopua

KOBIIa'

eIO

IIoJlo)KeHHe

344

oTHocHTeJIbtloKoJIeCaHcTpyH'qacToTaBpaIqeHI,IgKoJIeca14cKopocTr,

;ttt;.

B

peeyrbrare

pelrleHufl

npruofi

3ap.atrr

onpeAerqlor

pacnpeAe-

JreHHe

cKopocre

frr u

laineH's

B

noroKe

Ha

KoBIlIe.

IIpu'

noMoIqH

o6par-

Hofi

saAaqu

orpeAen"ot

Qoprury

KoBuIa'

o6ecneqaBaloulyrc

MI4HIaMaJIb-

Hbre

norepH

oHeptLIH

npl

B3aHMoAeficreHH

crpyH

c KoBIIIoM

npu

3aAaH-

HbIXqacroraxBpalrleHHflKOJIeCaHcKopocrHcTpyl',I'-Co"p.t""tu,.Sopn'ruHKoHcrpyKuHHKoBuefi-t3:t19-"::HblBpe-

3yJIbTaTe

MH9TSJIeTHHX

SKcrlepuMetrra.nlgutX

HCCJIeAOBa:n4f,i"

MOXHo

Puc.

187.

OcHoeIiHe

pa3Mepbl

KoBma

pa6ouero

Koneca'

peKoMeHAoBarb

cneAyloque

-ocHoBHbIg

pa3Mepbl

KoBIIla

(prac'

187):

";^:"d:C

i

i)

ao;

L

-

10,7

;9,9)

{i

^

h;

(0,25-+-

0'3)

B;

b

-

:

l,2do+

5

*ii',

I

1o,S

-*

t-,2'1'ao-

t{uc'no

KoBIuefi

z

pa6oqero

Ko-

JIeCa

3aBLICI'IT

oT

npHHflTOrO

OTHOIUCHUfl

Drldoi

Drldo

6

8

l0

15

20

25

z|7--2C|8-+22|9---2722---2727-+3026+33

flprannroe

qHcJIo

KoB[Iefi

Z

AoJIx(Ho

6utr

AocTaTorIHO

6o'nruutrt'

r{To6br

HcKJrrorrHTb

npocK

a:xnBanue

orAenbHblx

qacrH[

crpyH

MHMo

pa-

6o.rero

KOJreca.

Onrlaua.nbHoe

qHcJIO

KoBuIeft

oKOHqaTeJIbHO

yCTaHaB-

i-IHB?IOT

OIIbITHbIM

nYTeM'

Typ6nHHUfi

noxyx

CJIyX(HT

AJIfl

OTBoAa

BoAbI'

cxoAflIllefi

c

pa6oqefo

KoJreca

B

HHIKHHfi

6seQ.

Bo.qa

or

pa6ouero

KoJIeca

OTBOAHTCS

TaKI{rr'r

o6-

;;;;

*oOt

HcKJIIotII4rb

ee

repeceqeHHe

c

pa6oql4M

KoJIecoM

u

crpyflMu'

Pa:-veprr

no*y*u

ntr6uparor

MHHHIVIad'IbHO

BO3MOX(HbIMH'

IIOCKOJIbKy

oHH

oilpeAeJlflror

ra6apurbl

ryp6HHbI

H

BflHfIoT

Ha

ee

Bec'

AJII

ropl4-

3oHTa,TbHbIX

H

BepTHKaJIbHbIX

^ryp6uH

tipHlleHflIoT

pa3JluqHbie

Sopiulu

ryp6uHnot"

non

y^"o".

B

rOpH3OHTa,TIbHbIX

KOBiIIoBbIX

ryp6uHax

BepX-

Hf

fl

qacTb

KOlKyxa

HMeeT

npocTble

oqepTaHH

fr'

u

HavlMeHb[IHe

pa3Mepb[

Bo

H36ex(aHI4e

yBeIHqeHI4f

BeHTHJIflUHoHHbIx

llorepb'

Ha

euyrP:::.:g

noBep

x

HocTH

KOX(y

Xa

ycTaH aBJI

I{B

a}oT

oTp

a}KaTeJI

H

OTKJIOHseMbIx

cTpy

H

Orpax{aTeJIH

AJIfl

npeAoTBpaqellHf

3axBaTa

Bo3Ayxa

u BoAbI

B

Bepx-

Hlolo

qacTb

KoN{yXa.

B

uapt"*aJIbHtIX

KOBIIIOBbIX

Typ6HHaX

qacTb

BOAsI

Or

pa6oqero KoJIeCa

OTB9AH

Tc5.

B

BepXHtotO

qacTb

KOlKyXa

14

AaJIee

B

HlIx{-

;;r!

-6;.S.

gto6or

orpeAerl4rr

$opuy

KolKyxa'

Heo6xoAHMo

npoaHarll'i-

;np.;;ti

a6co.nrcrHoe

ABHX(SHHe

rloroKa

IIocJIe

pa6ouero

Koreca

H

no-

CTpoHTb

Tpael(TopHH

ero

qacr6q.

B

neprHxaJlbHblx

KOBIIISBbIX

ryp6uUax

npgMeHsto,

putn"qHble

$OprrlU

KOlKyxoB

B

3aBHcI'IMoCTI'l

OT

reoMeTpvul

KOBrXeft

pa6ouero

KoJIeca'

345

gg*-

aF-

Til

oS

{*

63

€t

sql

\=

dq)

(YJ

d

()

\)

ll

rc

- C\f

F'O

o

tl

ll

s

nL-

b€_

!Do)

_ll

E

tl

ll

r:

\)

Ec

.

c\t

-O

ll

cE

<)@

Uoi

*ll

()

o.}

\6

.(u

ll

$R

rr

!\

c\l

F.<O

CQol-

-=

tl

-i r-

;Fa

ll

r1

t.

mfi

-M

@-.o

o)

co

rr

\

rl

o

3tt

5<;

Us

a)

t-

C)

E

o

L

E

(J

I

c)

(\)

la

c\

o

d

tl

ok

(ul-

saI

c\

O

il

ltt

L

cl|

t

ilI

oi'

la

sc\l

*-O

<O

tl

.3

(\t

14

c\l

o

tl

x

E{

(}

O

F

,

E

'r

€-

O)

tl

()

$

sc

I

ilQ

dral

()I

E

.la

-

.,o

1*

@

s.l

oi

-ll

aa

+

E

o

tl

QI

l\,)

16

el+

<l

E{

@-

O)

t!

*

(t

(u

t

9qr

,69

E

a

v

a)

'r

cr,

E

L.

14

'T{

Y

HL

AAF

i'ttP

c.Ex

*J

E

F-

*l

lor

E lt=

Eli

=|il

slr

F

GI

F

o

a.)

Fa

tg

*n

={

r

djl

(E

a.

F

q)

E

u

o

\1

(E

d

X

a)

()

I

il€

EE

dx

.tr(

r+r

-ll

O

U'

0.)

c,

o

E

c)

ca

(!

L)

trf

F9

r(J

.Q O)

9)

's

ax

>E

^tE

9sE

:H

E3

iH

t-

E

(.)

*H

o*

!o

o

A o.F

qioP

o.=E

c)

5a

c0!

oE

>N

rd

R

$

(\)

t

q)

1,1

r l<1.

3l+

scl

t

$

(\)

:c

*

(u

sa

\t

q.

F-

tl.

dl

F

l-.

^r€

\t r

l\

*)

a_

t-

I

<\rl

ql

r-i I

I

9;

-F

lEl

l>,i

6l

ul

I

0)l

|.nl

i

I

,o

I

€H

I

R.E

I

>*

I

,

x

rr

E

il>

c&

Q^

.

qir

(.)Na

c-

d5

ri

x0)

t+

c)

()

a-

cl

()

q)

se

HflI

E I e I I

€Hl€

I

e

I

Esg

'?tr

*

I

ts <rJ

>,\o

bq

I+O

F.

.oo

io

6*

ts(C

ri

\o

^'F

-F.

(!(J

F

Oc)

UL

a^

.n

!E

Frs

t(

t{

E=

14fl

aro

FgT

OY

H\

E$

&R

trE

t-

o

Барлит В.В. Гидравлические турбины

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.