Yanushkevich S.N., Wang P.S.P., Gavrilova M.L., Srihari S.N. (eds.) Image Pattern Recognition. Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics
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408 Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics
Carlos A. Coello Coello received the B.Sc. degree
in civil engineering from the Universidad Aut´onoma de
Chiapas, M´exico, and the M.Sc. and the PhD degrees in
computer science from Tulane University, USA, in 1991,
1993, and 1996, respectively. He is currently a professor
(CINVESTAV-3D Researcher) at the Electrical
Engineering Department of CINVESTAV-IPN, in
Mexico City, M´exico. He also chairs the Task Force
on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms of the IEEE Neural Networks
Society. He is a member of the IEEE, the ACM and the Mexican
Academy of Sciences. His major research interests are: evolutionary
multiobjective optimization, constraint-handling techniques for evolutionary
algorithms, and evolvable hardware. Dr. Coello has authored and
co-authored over 120 technical papers and several book chapters. He has also
co-authored the book “Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective
Problems” (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002).
Stephen J. Elliott is involved in a number of activities
related to biometrics and security. He is actively involved in
biometric standards, acting as Secretary of the INCITS M1,
the U.S. standards committee for Biometrics. Dr. Elliott is
also involved in international standards activities including
Testing and Evaluation. From 2003-2006 he was Vice Chair
of the International Committee for Information Technology
Standards. Recently, Dr. Elliott has been involved in
testing and evaluating commercially available devices as well as giving lectures
on biometric testing and product evaluation. Dr. Elliott has also given numerous
conference lectures on distance education, biometric course development, and the
results of the research at the Biometric Standards, Performance, and Assurance
Laboratory. He is a member of Purdue University’s e-Enterprise Center and the
Center for Education, Research, Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS).
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About the Authors and Contributors 409
Marina L. Gavrilova received Diploma with Honors
from Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1993 and
Ph.D. degree from the University of Calgary in 1999.
Associate Professor in the Department of Computer
Science, University of Calgary, Dr. Marina Gavrilova
conducts research in the area of computational geometry,
image processing, optimization, spatial and biometric
modeling. Prof. Gavrilova is co-founder and director of
two innovative research labs: the Biometric Technologies Laboratory: Modeling
and Simulation, sponsored by CFI and the SPARCS Laboratory for Spatial
Analysis in Computational Sciences, sponsored by GEOIDE. Prof. Gavrilova
publication list includes over ninety journal and conference papers, edited special
issues, books and book chapters. Prof. Gavrilova acted as a Co-Chair of the
International Workshop on Biometric Technologies BT 2004, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada, June 21-23 2004. In 2001, Prof.. Gavrilova founded the annual
International Workshop on Computational Geometry and Applications series, and
in 2003 she Co-Founded the ICCSA International Conference on Computational
Sciences and its Applications. Prof. Gavrilova is on the Editorial Board of the
International Journal of Computational Sciences and Engineering and currently
serves as a Guest Editor for International Journal of Computational Geometry
and Applications. Her greatest accomplishment, in her own words, is finding a
delicate balance between professional and personal life while striving to give her
best to both. Together with her husband, Dr. Dmitri Gavrilov, she is a proud
parent of two wonderful boys, Andrei and Artemy.
David J. Hurley founded Analytical Engines in the
early 1980s in order to exploit newly emerging electronics
and microcomputer technologies. The company was
named after the ingenious mechanical computing inven-
tion of Charles Babbage, an eccentric 19th century English
professor who held the same chair at Cambridge as Isaac
Newton. Analytical Engines played a role in the uptake
of the C programming language in the UK by marketing
the first low cost C compiler, initially for the CP/M operating system, and
later for MSDOS. This was before Microsoft and Borland had even entered the
C market. He believes that computer vision and its related technologies are
destined to be amongst the most influential technologies of the emerging century,
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410 Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics
especially as computer vision begins to take advantage of developments in high
speed electronics. He has both Master of Engineering and Doctor of Philosophy
degrees from the University of Southampton, where he demonstrated the viability
of the human ear as a biometric for the first time, although it had been proposed
more than a century before by the French biometrics pioneer Alphonse Bertillion.
David hopes to see machine vision evolve to match and even overtake its biological
counterpart during our lifetimes, and continues to work towards this goal in
collaboration with researchers and industrial partners around the world.
Wai-Ki n Kong received the BSc degree in mathematics
from Hong Kong Baptist University with first class honors
and obtained the MPhil degree from The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University. During his study, he received
several awards and scholarships from both universities,
including scholastic awards and a two year Tuition
Scholarship for Research Postgraduate Studies. Currently,
he is studying at University of Waterloo, Canada for his
PhD. His major research interests include pattern recognition, image processing
and biometric security. He is a member of the IEEE.
Eric P. Kukula received his B.S. in Industrial Distribution
and M.S. in Technology with a Specialization in Information
Security from Purdue University. Currently, Eric is
pursuing his Ph.D. in Technology with specialization
in Computational Science and Engineering at Purdue
University. His research interests include the HBSI,
focusing on the interaction of ergonomic principles and
biometric performance. He has received numerous awards
including a graduate student teaching award, a summer research grant, and a
graduate student scholastic award from the College of Technology. Eric is a
member of INCITS M1, IEEE, and NAIT.
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About the Authors and Contributors 411
Qingmin M. Liao received the B.S. degree in radio
technology from the University of Electronic Science
and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 1984,
and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in signal processing
and telecommunications from the University of Rennes
1, Rennes, France, in 1990 and 1994, respec-
tively. Since 1995, he has joined in Tsinghua Univer-
sity, Beijing, China. Now he is a professor in the
Department of Electronic Engineering of Tsinghua University, and is the directors
of Visual Information Processing laboratory and Tsinghua-PolyU Biometrics
Joint laboratory in the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University. From
2001 to 2003, he served as the Invited Professor at University of Caen, France.
His research interests include image/video processing, transmission and analysis;
biometrics and their applications.
Guangming Lu graduated from the Harbin Institute
of Technology (HIT, China) in Electrical Engineering in
1998, where he also obtained his master degree in Control
Theory and Control Engineering in 2000. Then he joined
the Department of Computer Science and Technology of
HIT and got the PH.D degree in 2005. He currently
is a postdoctor in Visual Information Processing Lab,
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University. His
research interests include pattern recognition, image processing, and biometrics
technologies and applications.
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412 Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics
Shimon Modi received the B.S. degree in Computer
Science from Purdue University in 2003. He is a member
of the Biometrics Standards, Performance and Assurance
Laboratory in the Department of Industrial Technology.
He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Technology with
specialization in Computational Science and Engineering at
Purdue University. He received a M.S. in Technology with
specialization in Information Security at Purdue’s Center
for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS)
at Purdue University in 2005. He is a recipient of the Ross Fellowship awarded
at Purdue University. His research interests include impact of biometric sample
quality on performance, and use of biometrics in electronic authentication.
Mark Nixon is the Professor in Computer Vision in
the ISIS research group at the School of Electronics
and Computer Science at the University of Southampton,
UK. His research interests are in image processing and
computer vision. He has helped to develop new techniques
for static and moving shape extraction (both parametric
and non-parametric) which have found application in
automatic face and automatic gait recognition and in
medical image analysis. His team were early workers in face recognition, later
came to pioneer gait recognition and more recently joined the pioneers of ear
biometrics. Amongst previous research contracts, he was Principal Investigator in
Southampton’s part of the Fuzzy Land Information from Environmental Remote
Sensing (FLIERS) project. and he was Principal Investigator with John Carter
on the DARPA supported project Automatic Gait Recognition for Human ID
at a Distance. Currently, his team is part of the General Dynamics Defence
Technology Centre’s program on data fusion (biometrics, naturally). He chaired
the 9th British Machine Vision Conference BMVC’98 held at Southampton in
September ’98 (an issue of Image and Vision Computing containing some of the
most highly rated conference papers was published as Volume 18 Number 9).
The BMVC’98 Electronic Conference Proceedings remain online via the British
Machine Vision Association. Apart from being a programme member/reviewer
for many other conferences, he co-chaired the IAPR International Conference
Audio Visual Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA 2003) at Surrey, UK (the
conference has now transmuted to the International Conference on Biometrics), he
was Publications Chair for the International Conference on Pattern Recognition
(ICPR 2004) at Cambridge UK and with Josef Kittler, he co-chaired the IEEE
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About the Authors and Contributors 413
7th International Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition FG2006 held at
Southampton, UK in 2006. He has given many invited talks and presentations,
most recently at IEEE Face and Gesture 2004, EUSIPCO 2004 and MMUA
2006. He has written over 250 publications, including papers, authored and
edited books. His first book, Introductory Digital Design — A Programmable
Approach, was published by MacMillan, UK, July 1995 and is still in print. His
vision book, co-written with Dr. Alberto Aguado from the University of Surrey,
entitled Feature Extraction and Image Processing was published in Jan. 2002 by
Butterworth Heinmann/ Newnes, now Elsevier. It’s been reprinted many times
and a new Edition is in preparation. With Tieniu Tan and Rama Chellappa,
his new book Human ID based on Gait is part of the New Springer Series on
Biometrics, and was published late 2005.
Luke Olsen received his Bachelor’s degree in Computer
Science from the University of Calgary in April 2004. He is
currently completing a Master’s degree at the University
of Calgary under the supervision of Dr. Faramarz
Samavati and Dr. Mario Costa Sousa. His thesis topic is
multiresolution techniques for arbitrary-topology surfaces,
and research interests include sketch-based modeling, real-
time rendering, and computer vision.
Jim R. Parker is a professor of Computer Science,
specializing in pattern recognition, machine perception,
and computer games and multimedia. He is the author
of books on computer vision and game development, as
well as over a hundred technical articles. He has worked
on biometrics since 1992. Dr. Parker received his Ph.D.
from the State University of Gent, Belgium with greatest
distinction. He has been a member of the IEEE, the ACM,
and the International Game Developer’s Association. He is interested in teaching,
and among other things created, designed, and implemented the first course in
computer game programming at a Canadian University — the Computer Science
585 course in Calgary, along with Radical Entertainment of Vancouver BC. Jim
is the director of the Digital Media Laboratory at the University of Calgary, and
works also in the Sport Technology Research lab in that school’s world renowned
Kinesiology faculty.
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414 Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics
Eur. Ing. Phil Phillips, C.Eng. MIEE, FBCS
Formerly National Information Security Adviser, NHS
Scotland (2001–2004), now Head of Information Security
for a UK Government Department. Phil has spent over 40
years in IT, Communications security and general security
as a risk manager and consultant for various Government
Departments and other business sectors. As President of
the BCS Information Security Specialist Group, he has
endeavoured to encourage closer security cooperation across the public sector
and utilities in support of CNI and the E-Government programme and fosters a
strong link between academia, industry and IT Security.
Denis V. Popel, PhD, Member IEEE, is an Associate
Professor in the Computer Science Department, Baker
University, KS, USA. He has a Master’s degree with
Honors in Computer Engineering (contextual support in
document understanding systems, and biometrics) from
the State University of Informatics and Radio- electronics,
Minsk, Belarus, and a PhD with Honors in Computer
Science (information theory, logic design, and decision
making) from the Technical University, Szczecin, Poland. Dr. Popel held
teaching positions at the University of Wollongong, Australia-Dubai campus,
and at the Technical University, Szczecin, Poland. He has over 10 years of
experience working in the area of knowledge discovery including data mining,
decision making, data representation, biometric data retrieval, and biometric
data manipulation. Dr. Popel participated as the PI and as a senior person
on a number of decision making and pattern recognition projects, and published
articles and papers in these areas. He also runs a consulting business that helps
small and medium companies with research and development projects.
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About the Authors and Contributors 415
NaliniK.Rathais a Senior Member of IEEE and co-
chair of IEEE Robotics and Automation Society’s AutoID
TCIBM’s. He is organizing the third IEEE AutoID
Workshop, and is co-organizing a Tutorial on Biometrics
at ICAPR 2001. Before joining IBM, Dr. Ratha completed
his Ph.D. (1996) in Computer Science, Michigan State
University, East Lansing. He was a member of the
Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Lab of Dept.
of Computer Science. His thesis involved mapping computer vision algorithms
onto FPGA-based custom computers. Mr. Ratha’s advisor was Prof. Anil K.
Jain. He recently co-chaired a special session on robust biometrics at KES 2000.
He co-organized tutorials on biometrics at CVPR’99 and ICPR’98.
Bill Rogers is the Publisher of the Biometric Digest and
Biometric Media Weekly newsletters (U.S.A.) reporting on
biometric identification tech nology covering fingerprint ID,
voice, hand geometry, facial recognition, iris scan and other
methods. Bill moderates several national conferences on
biometric technology and is a frequent speaker on this
subject. He is also associate Editor of Credit Union tech-
talk and CU InfoSECURITY newsletters. He has more
than 40 years experience working with financial institutions nationwide. Bill
most recently was CEO for a national data processing firm serving credit unions.
He was previously a Vice President with CUNADATA Corp., a national credit
union data processor, and a Regional manager with Electronic Data Systems.
Bill was with EDS for six years prior to forming his own company in 1988. Bill
moderates and sponsors several technology conferences for credit unions. Prior
to joining EDS, he was with the Missouri Credit Union League for over 19 years
as Vice President of Credit Union Support Services and Manager of the League’s
data processing division for more than 14 years.
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416 Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics
Faramarz F. Samavati received his Master and PhD
degrees from Sharif University of Technology in 1992 and
1999 respectively. He is currently an Assistant Professor
in the Department of Computer Science at the University
of Calgary. His research interests are Computer Graphics,
Geometric Modeling, Visualization, and Computer Vision.
He has authored papers in Subdivision Surfaces, Sketch
based Modeling, Multiresolution and Wavelets, Surface
Modeling, Scientific Visualization and Biometric.
Vlad P. Shmerko received both M.S. (1976) and PhD
(1984) degrees in electrical and computer engineering from
the State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics,
Minsk, Belarus, and Habilitation (1990) in computer
science from the Institute of Electronics, Riga, Latvia.
He joined the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada, in 2001. He
is a Senior Member of the IEEE, a Fellow of the IEE (UK),
an IAPR Member, and an IEE (UK) Chartered Engineer.
Vlad was a James Chair visiting Professor at St. Francis Xavier University
in 1997 (Canada), Honorary Professor of the Technical University of Szczecin
(Poland) and of the State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics
(Belarus). He has been a team-leader for about 20 industrial projects related to
CAD design of hardware and software systems for recognition, identification, and
training of personnel. In particular, his Controlled Stochastic Process Generator
was presented at industrial exhibitions worldwide.
His interest in biometrics began during the 1980s when he was developing
simulators for training pilots and astronauts. Vlad brought his experience to the
Biometric Technologies Laboratory at the University of Calgary which specialises
in synthetic biometrics. His current research interests include biometric-based
security system design using artificial intelligence, decision making support, and
logic design of nanostructures. He has served as a Guest Editor and Board Editor
of several International journals and as the general chair and co-chair for about
20 International conferences, symposia, and workshops. He is the author and
co-author of more than 300 technical papers and research reports, including 45
patents and 11 books.
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About the Authors and Contributors 417
Sargur (Hari) Srihari’s research and teaching interests
are in pattern recognition, data mining and machine
learning. He is involved in three research projects: (i)
interpreting handwriting patterns to determine writership
— which is a project of relevance to forensics where there
is a need for scientific methods of examining questioned
documents, (ii) studying friction ridge patterns, such as
those found in latent fingerprints, to determine extent of
individualization — which s a topic of relevance to both forensics and biometrics
where the degree to which a fingerprint is unique is being established, and (iii)
developing methods for searching manuscripts written in the Latin, Arabic and
Devanagari scripts — a topic of relevence to questioned document analysis and
historic manuscript analysis.
Srihari joined the faculty of the Computer Science Department at the State
University of New York at Buffalo in 1978. He is the founding director of the
Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR). Srihari
is a member of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Library of
Medicine. He is chairman of CedarTech, a corporation for university technology
transfer. He has been general chairman of several international conferences and
workshops as follows: Third International Workshop on Handwriting Recognition
(IWFHR 93) held in Buffalo, New York in 1993, Second International Conference
on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 95), in Montreal, Canada, 1995,
Fifth ICDAR 99 held in Bangalore, India and Eighth IWFHR 2002 held in
Niagara-on-the-lake, Ontario, Canada.
Srihari has served as chairman of TC-11 (technical committee on Text
Processing) of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR). He
is presently chair of the IAPR Publicity and Publications committee.
Srihari received a New York State/United University Professions Excellence
Award for 1991. He became a Fellow of the Institute of Electronics and
Telecommunications Engineers (IETE, India) in 1992, a Fellow of the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1995, and a Fellow of the
International Association for Pattern Recognition in 1996. He was named a
distinguished alumnus of the Ohio State University College of Engineering in
1999.
Srihari received a B.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics from the Bangalore
University in 1967, a B.E. in Electrical Communication Engineering from the
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 1970, and a Ph.D. in Computer and
Information Science from the Ohio State University, Columbus in 1976.