Xin Q. Diesel Engine System Design
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750 Diesel engine system design
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
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11
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) in
diesel engine system design
Abstract: This chapter addresses NVH characteristics in diesel engine
system design. By focusing on engine noise – a critical performance
attribute for engine competitiveness, this chapter provides a comprehensive
coverage of the NVH issues that a system engineer can evaluate by using
engine system design/analysis tools. The chapter starts by introducing the
fundamental principles of powertrain and diesel engine NVH, and establishes
a three-level system modeling approach to engine noise. It summarizes the
noise characteristics and noise-reduction design measures for both the overall
engine and individual subsystems such as the noises from combustion, piston
slap, valvetrain, geartrain, cranktrain, auxiliary, and aerodynamic sources.
Key words: noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), noise identi cation,
transient noise, engine NVH variation, combustion noise, piston slap,
valvetrain, geartrain, cranktrain, intake and exhaust noise.
11.1 Overview of noise, vibration, and harshness
(NVH) fundamentals
11.1.1 Basic concepts of NVH
NVH refers to an engine performance attribute represented by noise, vibration,
and harshness. Sound is generated by a travelling wave of the uctuation in
the ambient air pressure. The speed of a sound wave is given by
vR
vR
T
s
vR
s
vR
ound
vR
ound
vR
gas
vR = vR
vR · vR
·
vR
k
vR
11.1
where k is the ratio of speci c heat capacities (k = 1.41 for air), R
gas
is the gas
constant of air (R
gas
= 287 J/kg.K), and T is the ambient air temperature in K.
The speed of sound is approximately 340 m/s at normal ambient temperatures.
A sound pressure is generated when the sound wave propagates.
Most engine noises are originated by a source of energy (e.g., combustion
of the fuel), generated by the vibratory motion of the solid surfaces of
various engine components with high oscillatory accelerations, radiated to
the surrounding air, and perceived by the human ear. Some other engine
noises are produced aerodynamically by inducting the intake air into the
engine and discharging the exhaust gas out of the engine tailpipe.
Vibration is an oscillatory mechanical motion. Engine vibration is excited
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