Woolrych Austin. Britain in Revolution, 1625-1660
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E N G L A N D
Carlisle
Newcastle on Tyne
York
Hull
Chester
Newark
King’s Lynn
Coventry
Colchester
Gloucester
Chepstow
Oxford
Bristol
Reading
Barnstaple
Exeter
Plymouth
Marston Moor
Preston
Adwalton Moor
Winceby
Rowton Moor
Nantwich
Hopton Heath
Montgomery
Powick Bridge
Worcester
Naseby
Cropredy Bridge
Edgehill
St Fagans
Lansdown
Roundway
Down
Newbury
Turnham
Green
Langport
Cheriton
Stratton
Lostwithiel
Nottingham
Newport Pagnell
London
Lyme Regis
Severn
S C O T L A N D
B
r
a
d
d
o
c
k
D
o
w
n
W A L E S
Corbridge
Scarborough
Leicester
Maidstone
Bridgwater
Pembroke
Pontefract Castle
Lathom House
Lichfield
Hereford
Winchester
Taunton
Portsmouth
Wardour
Castle
Arundel
Castle
York
London
Berwick
N
T
h
a
m
e
s
Battle
Siege
Major garrison
Map 4. Civil Wars in the three kingdoms (England).
epilogue.y8 27/9/02 3:22 PM Page 798
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
T
w
e
e
d
F
o
r
t
h
N
›
E N G L A N D
S C O T L A N DS C O T L A N DS C O T L A N D
S
p
o
t
t
B
u
r
n
Dunbar
Broxmouth
House
Pass over road
Doon HillDoon HillDoon Hill
LAMBERT
CROMWELL
PRIDE
MONCK
LESLIELESLIELESLIE
Field of Battle
Caithness
Carbisdale
Spynie
Auldearn
Inverness
Banff
Turriff
Balvenie
Strathbogie
Towie-Barclay
Fyvie
Strathdon
Alford
Aberdeen
Megra Hill
Dunottar
Blair Atholl
Careston
Montrose
Alyth
Dundee
Perth
Tippermuir
Spey
Don
Dee
Lochaber
Badenoch
Inverlochy
Ardnamurchan
Mingary
Morvern
Lagganmore
Inveraray
Craignish
Dumbarton
Loch Gorm
Dunoon
Dunyveg
Rhunahaorine
Irvine
Ayr
Dunaverty
St Andrews
Stirling
Burntisland
Inverkeithing
Kilsyth
Dunbar
Dunglass
Glasgow
Duns
Berwick
Coldstream
Hamilton
Kelso
Mauchline
Philiphaugh
Caerlaverock
Dumfries
Annan
Moor
Threave
Leith
Edinburgh
Musselburgh
Greenock
Lewis
Harris
Skye
Mull
Tay
Jura
Islay
Skipness
Battle
Town/Garrison
Dates of all battles can be found
in the index under ‘battles’.
Castle
›
Perth
Map 5. Civil Wars in the three kingdoms (Scotland).
epilogue.y8 27/9/02 3:22 PM Page 799
Sligo
DungarvanDungarvanDungarvan
Derry
Youghal
DuncannonDuncannonDuncannon
Limerick
WaterfordWaterfordWaterford
Galway FortGalway FortGalway Fort
Carrickfergus
Belfast
Charlemont
Enniskillen
Carlingford
Newry
Dundalk
Jamestown
Drogheda
Athlon
Dublin
Galway
Clonmel
Wexford
Cork
Kinsale
Bunratty
New
Ross
CarlowCarlowCarlow
Ballyshannon
Roscommon
Boyle
Coleraine
PassagePassagePassage
Benburb
Dungan’s
Hill
Rathmines
Carrick on ShannonCarrick on ShannonCarrick on Shannon
Kilkenny
N
Derry
Dublin
Battle
Siege
Major garrison
U L S T E R
C O N N A U G H T
L E I N S T E R
M U N S T E R
Map 6. Civil Wars in the three kingdoms (Ireland).
epilogue.y8 27/9/02 3:22 PM Page 800
Abbott, George, Archbishop of Canterbury
39–40, 73, 76–8
Aberdeen 95, 102, 115–16, 123, 142, 294,
499
the Aberdeen Doctors 106
Accommodation Order 300
Adwalton Moor 263
agitators (or adjutators) 358–63, 369–76,
381–3, 392–3, 410, 443
new agitators or agents (1647) 383, 393–4
Agreement of the People (1647) 385–90,
395–6, 410
second Agreement (1648–9) 423–4,
429–32, 434, 438–42, 643
‘third’ Agreement (1649) 445–6
Alford 321
Allen, William 358, 375–6, 385, 387, 390,
409, 662, 674
Almond, Lord (James Livingstone) 190
Alured, Col. Matthew 496, 609–10, 755
Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Ely, later
Winchester 39, 76–7
Annesley, Arthur 766, 778, 782
Antrim, Earl of (Randal MacDonnell) 107–8,
115–16, 128, 199, 296, 273, 279,
293
Archer, John 140
Argyll, Earl, later Marquis of; Lord Lorne
until 1638 (Archibald Campbell) 25, 94,
97, 104–8, 112–14, 124, 142, 144,
189–91, 270, 294, 342, 346, 349, 383,
399, 404, 419–20, 480, 489–90, 492–4,
499–500, 555, 783
Arminians and Arminianism 37–40, 49–50,
60, 75–83, 132, 200
army, parliamentary 229, 234
see also Eastern Association, Essex, Earl of,
and New Model Army
army of the Commonwealth 434, 454,
515–35, 563
in 1659–60 729, 738–42, 757, 768
see also army in Ireland, army in Scotland
army of the Protectorate 563–4, 566, 596,
609–10, 640, 652–3, 659–60, 686–7,
689–90, 700, 707, 709–25
see also major-generals
army in Ireland (1649–60) 462–79, 582,
668–72, 690, 727, 752–4
army in Scotland (1651–60) 572–3, 664–5,
689, 745
army, royal, in first Civil War 236–7, 308–30
passim
see also Array, Commissions of
army, Scottish, in England (1644–7) 272,
279, 281, 285–9, 294, 311, 324, 326,
329, 337, 349
army plots (1641) 178–83
Army (Spanish) of Flanders 207, 231, 345,
692–3
Array, Commissions of 225–6 274
Articles of Perth 46, 85, 90, 93, 104, 109,
113, 124
Arundel, Earl of (Thomas Howard) 73–4,
117–8, 120, 126–7, 175–6
Ashburnham, Jack 248, 314–15, 329, 394–5,
401
Ashfield, Col. Richard 714, 718–20, 741
Astley, Sir Jacob, later Lord 114, 318, 329
Aston, Sir Arthur 468–9
Aubrey, John 742
Auldearn, 311
Aylmer, Gerald 251
Bacon, Francis, Viscount St Albans 54
Baillie, Robert 118, 169–70, 272, 294, 570,
591
Baillie, William, Lieut.-Gen. 294, 406, 418
Balfour, Sir William 179, 240
Balmerino, Lord (John Elphinstone) 93, 95,
98–9, 404
Bancroft, Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury
45, 46, 76
Baptists 45, 444, 558–9, 582, 584, 689–90,
713
in Ireland 669–70, 752
Barbados 506
Barebone, Praise-God 540, 762
Barebone’s Parliament see Nominated
Assembly
Barkstead, Maj.-Gen. John 628, 781
Baro, Peter 36–7
Barrington, Sir Thomas 132, 230
Basing House 325
Bastwick, John 81, 168–9
Batten, Vice-Admiral William 411
Baxter, Richard 249–50, 585, 707, 789
Beale, Thomas 199–200
Bedell, William, Bishop of Kilmore 162
Bedford, fourth Earl of (Francis Russell) 126,
132, 144–5, 165–7, 172–3, 178, 185
Index
Index.y8 27/9/02 12:55 PM Page 801
Bedford, fifth Earl of (William Russell) 235
Bennett, Robert 515, 537
Berkeley, Sir John 308, 374, 378, 394–5,
399, 401, 461
Berkeley, justice Sir Robert 68
Berry, Maj.-Gen. James 685, 724, 731,
741–2, 755–6, 781
Berwick 120, 123, 145, 405, 408, 419, 746,
751–2,
Pacification of 122, 128, 142, 148, 159
Biddle, John 586, 612
bill for a new representative (1652–3) 519,
524, 526–7, 528–30, 532–5
Billingsley, Captain 179
Birks 120–1
Birmingham 261
Bishops’ Exclusion Bill 191, 216–17
see also Root and Branch
Bishops’ Wars: first 115–22; second 143–8
Blake, Robert, Col. and General at Sea 308,
472, 502, 504–7, 511, 513–14, 611,
630–1, 676–8
Blasphemy Ordinance (1649) 349
Act (1650) 407, 453
Bolingbroke, Earl of (Oliver St John) 145
Book of Orders 70–1
Booth, Sir George 732–6, 766, 782
Bordeaux-Neufuille, Antoine de, French
Ambassador 514, 526, 534–5, 587, 595,
631, 634, 697, 728
Borlase, Sir John 164, 192–8, 204–5
Borthwick, Eleazar 103
Boteler, Maj.-Gen. William 628, 649, 687, 720
Boyle, Robert 467, 592–3
Braddock Down 244
Bradshaw, John 431–3, 437, 531, 597, 602,
611, 642, 727, 782
Bramhall, John, Bishop of Derry 162
Brandenburg 695
Bray, Capt.-Lieut. William 396–8
Breda; Declaration of 775
Bremen, Duchy of 681–2
Brent, Sir Nathaniel, Vicar-General 80–1
Brentford 240–1
Brereton, Sir William 252, 278, 289, 302,
308–9, 311, 431, 465
Bridgwater 321
Bristol 242, 255, 264, 322–3, 648
Bristol, first earl of (John Digby) 121–2,
147–8
Brodie, Alexander 492, 570, 667
Broghill, Lord (Roger Boyle) 467, 472, 477,
590–2, 650–1, 656, 664, 666, 685, 708,
721, 753, 766–7, 777–8, 782
Brooke, Robert Greville, Lord 44, 83, 120,
126, 132, 138, 145, 165, 176, 235, 241,
260–1, 605
Brown, Col. John 238
Browne, Maj.-Gen. Richard 350, 363, 620,
755, 782
Brownists see sectaries and separatists
Buckingham, first Duke of (George Villiers)
18, 23–4, 39, 51–2, 54–8, 72, 87–8, 89,
131
Buckingham, second Duke of (George Vil-
liers) 489, 498, 545, 691
Bunyan, John 453, 792
Burges, Cornelius 168
Burke, John 232
Burton, Henry 81, 168–9
Byron, Sir John, later Lord 208, 216–17,
237–8, 240, 264, 278, 282, 286,
311–12, 465, 619, 621
Cadez 54, 56, 118, 235, 648, 677
Callander, Earl of (James Livingstone) 414,
417–18
Capel, Arthur, Lord 259, 413, 418–19
Cardenas, Alonso de, Spanish ambassador
631, 635
Carew, John 348, 523–4, 537, 616–17, 661,
690, 781
Carisbrooke Castle 395, 399–401, 642
Carlisle 405, 408, 495, 745
Case of the Army Truly Stated, The 383–5
Chaloner, James 348
Chaloner, Thomas 298, 348, 435, 512
Chancery, Court of 550, 554–4, 557
ordinance for reform of 588, 604–5, 623
Channel Islands 506
Charles I 31, 33, 39, 49–84, ch. 4, 5, and 6
passim, 189–95, 198–200, 202–32,
234–7, 239–44, 250–1, 256–61, 264,
266, 268–70, 272–4, 281–4, 289–92,
300, 312–21, 323–4, 327–30, 341–51,
359–60, 363–4, 367, 372–3, 376,
372–3, 376, 378–80, 385, 391–5,
402–9, 419–21, 426, 432–3, 464, 481,
574
character and convictions 49–52
Charles II 442, 452, 461–5, 476–9, 480–5,
489, 492, 494–9, 504, 525–6, 568,
570–3, 635–7, 640, 643, 648, 668,
678–9, 685, 732–3, 735–7, 759, 767,
773, 775–6, 778–9, 783–91, 794–5
Charles X, King of Sweden 635, 681–3, 686,
694, 728
Charles Louis, Elector Palatine 74, 127, 212
Cheriton 280–1
Cheshire 252
rising in 732–5
Chester 252, 278, 280–1, 309, 311, 324, 621
Chevreuse, Duchesse de 128
Chewton Mendip 260
802 Index
Index.y8 27/9/02 12:55 PM Page 802
Chillenden, Lieut. Edmund 362, 381, 390
Cholmoley, Sir Henry 424–5
Chudleigh, Capt. James, later Maj.-Gen. 178,
259
Church of England (before Civil war) 33–45,
75–83
canons of 1640 141, 168
Church of Ireland 47–8, 162–3, 673–4, 786
Church (Kirk) of Scotland 26, 45–6, 87,
589–92
General Assemblies of 46, 91–3, 98, 100,
103–4, 106, 109–13, 122–4, 142,
159, 271–2, 569–70
Book of Common Prayer (1637) 92–6, 100,
102, 105–6, 108–9, 113, 124, 159
Cirencester 241
Civil War, English, first 5, 43, 101, 220,
229–30, 234–8
allegiance in 248–56
impact on civil population 276–8, 336–7,
401–2
casualties 335–7
material damage 337
Second Civil War ch. 13 passim
Clanricard, Earl, later Marquis of (Richard
Burke) 207, 218, 230, 269, 476, 478
Clarendon, Earl of, see Hyde, Edward
Clarges, Dr. Thomas 744, 751, 763, 769
Clarke, William 386–7, 429
Clones, battle of 273
Clonmel 475–7, 753
Clotworthy, Sir John 108, 120, 184, 352–4,
356, 371, 777
Clubmen 255, 309–10, 320, 322
Coke, Sir Edward 22, 54, 57, 59
Coke, Sir John, Secretary of State 73, 126
Colchester 230
siege of 413–9
Committee of Both Kingdoms 275, 281–3,
289–90, 305, 310–2, 340, 352
Committee of Safety (1642 f.) 228, 258,
274–5
Committee of Safety (1659) 742–50, 754–6
Con, George 100, 107, 127
Confederation of Kilkenny 231–3, 268–9,
272–3, 405, 464–6, 473
General Assembly of 231, 268, 327–8,
367–9, 464
Congregationalism see Independency
Connaught 121, 161, 232, 464, 479, 578–9,
753, 777
Conservators of liberty 749
Conway, Viscount 143–4, 146
Cony, George 624
Convention Parliament 772, 774–6, 778
Conyers, Sir John 217
Cook, John 431–2, 475, 780
Cooke, Sir Robert 137–8
Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley 540, 567, 612,
685, 687, 728, 747, 765
Coote, Sir Charles 205–6, 273, 465–6,
471–2, 476–8, 752–3, 766–8, 777, 782
Cork 218, 472, 504, 673
Cork, Earl of (Robert Boyle) 161, 467, 675
Cosin, John, Bishop of Durham 39, 59
Cottington, Francis 73–5, 126, 143, 178, 481
Council of Officers (1653) 537–40
(1659) 722, 729
Council of State (1649–53) 437–8, 442–3,
493, 495–6, 501, 502–3, 511–12,
520–1, 524, 527, 531
(1653) 537–8, 543–6, 551–4
under the Protectorate 563–5, 567, 583,
602, 613, 624, 632, 636–7, 646, 648,
696, 699–700
under the restored Rump 727–8, 730, 734,
742, 747, 755, 760–2, 766, 769
county committees 275–6, 403, 575, 700
court interest, the 22–4, 71–2, 251
Court of Castle Chamber (Dublin) 161, 164
Court of Session (Scotland) 86, 89, 91, 96
Courtney, Hugh 616, 690
Covenant, the King’s 109–11
Covenant, National, Scottish 96, 99–114,
119, 124, 142, 144, 420, 480
Cowling, Commissary Nicholas 381
Cradock, Walter 521, 528, 617
Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex 24, 52–3
Crawford, Maj.-Gen. Lawrence 299, 300
Crawford, Earl of (Ludovic Lindsay) 190,
783
Croke, Capt. Unton 621–2
Cromwell, Henry 579, 612, 658, 669–76,
679, 685, 725, 727, 752, 782
Cromwell, Oliver 12, 83, 155–6, 158, 168,
198, 215, 248
as Major-General of the Eastern Associa-
tion army 262–3, 265–6, 275,
279–80, 286–8, 291, 296–306,
310–11
as Lieutenant-General of the New Model
Army 313–19, 322–3, 325, 351–3,
359, 361, 363–5, 373, 378–9, 381–2,
384–95, 402, 408–20, 422, 424–6,
428, 430–3, 436, 443, 446–7, 462–3,
466–77, 482
as Lord General 483–98, 500–2, 512–13,
518, 520–39, 540–6, 550–3, 555–8
as Lord Protector 563–4 and chs. 18–24
passim, 707, 710, 781
see also kingship, and Protectorate
Cromwell, Richard 580, 685, 697–700, 702,
ch. 25 passim, 782
character 707–8
Index 803
Index.y8 27/9/02 12:55 PM Page 803
Cropredy Bridge 284, 296
Culpepper, Sir John 174, 183, 203, 211, 223,
292
Cumberland, Earl of (Henry Clifford) 242–3
Cumbernauld Band 144, 190
Davenant, William 178, 181, 595–6
Deane, Richard, General at Sea 502, 504,
547, 571
C-in-C Scotland 569, 571
decination (tax) 627–8, 650, 701
‘Declaration of Dislike’ 354–6, 360–1
rescinded 369
Denbigh, Earl of (William Fielding) 285, 289,
304–5, 430, 437
Denmark 598–600, 604, 634, 679, 694–6
Derby, Earl of (James Stanley) 229, 236,
252, 278, 495, 499
Derby, Countess of (née Charlotte de la
Tremouille) 278–9, 282, 336, 506
Derby House Committee 352–6, 411
Derby Petition 738–9
Dering, Sir Edward 171, 183, 201, 211
Derry 196, 673
Desborough, Col., later Maj.-Gen., John 527,
567, 611, 622, 625–6, 650, 653–4, 659,
685, 698, 708, 710, 713–14, 720–2,
731, 739, 741–2, 755–6
D’Ewes, Sir Simonds 258
Dickson, David 96–7
Digby, George, Lord (from 1641) 170, 174,
214, 274, 292, 313–15, 319, 326, 465
Digby, Sir Kenelm 172, 328, 344
Diggers, 434–5, 449–50
Digges, Sir Dudley 62–3
Dillon, Thomas, Viscount 195
Dissenting Brethren 297–8
divine right of kings 20–1, 52, 141
Donne, John 42
Dorchester, Viscount (Dudley Carleton)
61–2, 64, 73
Dorislaus, Isaac 508–9
Dorset, Earl of (Edward Sackville) 203, 742
Dort (Dordrecht), Synod of 37–8, 77
Downing, George 694–5, 728, 781
Downs, the naval battle of 511
Dowsing, William 339
Drogheda 196, 206–7, 466, 468–9, 471, 753
Dublin 192, 194–5, 207, 219, 268–9, 345–6,
367–8, 467–8, 673, 676, 753–4, 767
Trinity College 162, 676
four courts 670–1
Dunbar, battle of 485–7
Dundas, Walter 488, 492
Dunes, battle of the 692–3
Dungan’s Hill 368–9
Dunkirk 631, 679–81, 692–4
Durham House (‘College’) 39–40
Dutch war see Netherlands
Dyve, Sir Lewis 378, 391
Eastern Association, army of 262, 279, 281,
285–8
Edgehill 239–40, 242, 773
Edinburgh 86, 90–106, 111, 116, 122, 125,
142, 182, 189, 271, 404, 420, 480–1,
487–8, 492, 569, 746, 776
Edward, Thomas, author of Gangraena 350
Eikon Basilike 450–2
ejectors 584
Eliot, Sir John 54, 60–4, 68, 631
Elizabeth I 10–11, 34–5, 37
Elizabeth, Princess and Electress Palatine 18,
64, 73
Engagement (between Charles I and the
Scots) 400–1, 404–6, 419–20
Engagement (to be faithful to the Common-
wealth) 452, 518, 533
England and Wales, political and social struc-
ture before Civil War 9–24
Erle, Sir Walter 138
Essex 69
in second Civil War 410–9
Essex, Earl of (Robert Devereux) 118, 144–5,
166, 173, 175, 177–8, 198, 203, 212,
215, 229, 234–42, 258, 261–6, 275,
279–80, 282, 289–91, 296, 301–5, 341,
347–8
Eure, Thomas, Lord 685
Evelyn, Sir John 240
Evelyn, John (diarist) 596
Everard, Robert 385, 387
excise 276–7, 522
Exeter 242, 244, 260, 266, 308, 329
Exeter, Earl of (David Cecil) 145
Eyre, Col. William 395
Eythin, Lord (James King) 285–8
Fairfax, Ferdinando, Lord 242–3, 262–3,
285–9, 290, 302
Fairfax, Sir Thomas 242–3, 252, 262–3, 266,
278, 281, 285–9, 304–7, 312–23, 325,
351, 353–7, 362, 369–74, 377–98,
403–15, 418–19, 422–7, 430–1, 437,
446–7, 449, 452–3, 462–3, 465, 482–3,
496, 691, 727, 750–1, 758–9, 764, 778
Falkland, third Viscount (Lucius Carey) 170,
183, 191, 211, 223, 247–8, 266
Falkland, fourth Viscount (Henry Carey) 734
fast sermons 168
Fauconberg (or Falconbridge), Thomas, Lord
684, 697, 708, 710, 718, 722
Feake, Christopher 521, 555, 564, 581, 661,
690, 723
804 Index
Index.y8 27/9/02 12:56 PM Page 804
Feoffees for Impropriations 79
Fiennes, Nathaniel 132, 146, 264, 374, 382,
656, 685, 688, 711, 721
Fifth Monarchists 434–5, 448–9, 516–17,
521, 526–7, 532, 537–8, 542–3, 581–2,
602, 604, 614, 616–18, 661, 690
finance and taxation (England) 16–18, 64–9,
166–7, 184, 276–7, 402, 522–3, 588,
640, 738
Finch, Sir John, as Speaker 60
as Lord Keeper 133–6, 168
Firth, Sir Charles 695–6, 697, 794
Five Members, the 211–13
Fleetwood, Charles 235, 348, 359, 453, 498,
522, 544, 550, 567, 569, 579, 582, 625,
642, 654, 659, 668–71, 685, 688–9,
697–8, 707–10, 713–14, 718–25, 731,
737–9, 745, 748, 752, 755, 781
Fleming, Col. Christopher 407–8
Fleming, Sir Oliver 594
Fletcher, Anthony 217–18, 629
Forced loan 53–4, 68
Fortescue, Col. Richard 633
Four Bills (Dec. 1647) 398–400
Fowke, John 204
Fox, George 453, 594, 617–18, 696
France 5, 33, 56, 64, 120–1, 128–9, 504–5,
507, 510–11, 514, 551, 604, 630–1,
634–7, 678, 692–5
see also Richelieu, Mazarin
Frederick V, Elector Palatine and King of
Bohemia 18, 32–3, 53, 64, 73, 118, 125
Freud, Sigmund and Oliver 640
Gabbard, battle off the 541, 551
Gage, George 126–8
Galway 207, 478, 673
Gardiner, Samuel Rawson 2, 98–9, 120, 211,
297, 539, 634, 794
Gell, Sir John 261
General Council of the Army 370, 373–6,
380–9, 396, 443
General Council of the Army and Navy
(1659) 745–6, 748–9, 752
General Council of Officers 423, 426,
429–30, 431–2, 438–42, 463, 522–3,
527, 529, 596, 719–21, 769
see also Council of Officers (1653)
Gentles, Ian 306, 384
gentry, English 11–13, 130–1, 251–4, 794–5
Gillespie, Patrick 569, 591–2
Glamorgan, Earl of (Edward Somerset)
327–8, 345
Glemham, Sir Thomas 288
Glencairn, Earl of (William Cunningham)
553–5, 569–73, 590, 746, 751, 783–4
Gloucester 242, 264–5, 282, 338–9
Gloucester, Duke of (Prince Henry) 408, 430,
521
Glyn, John 275, 651, 656, 685
Goffe, Lieut.-Col. William 371, 388, 391–2,
408, 649, 654, 720, 781
Good Old Cause, the 709, 715–16, 722–3,
779
Goodman, John 172
Goodwin, John 521, 782
Goodwin, Thomas 603, 716, 782
Gookin, Vincent 579
Goring, Sir George 178–9, 181, 248, 262,
282, 286–8, 292–3, 308–9, 311–12,
315–16, 320–2, 324, 326
Graces, the 160–3, 193–5, 207
Grand Remonstrance 192, 199–202, 218
king’s answer to 209–10
Grandison, Viscount (William Villiers) 207
Graves, Col. Richard 351, 356, 363
Great Council (1640) 147–8
Grenville, Sir John 732, 734, 773, 775
Grenville, Sir Richard 219, 289, 308–9, 322
Grimston, Harbottle 133, 230, 420
Gumble, Thomas 743
Gurney, Sir Richard, Lord Mayor 203, 213
Gustavus, Adolphus, King of Sweden 73–4,
118, 239
Hale, Matthew, law reformer 517, 522,
549–50, 582, 788
Hamilton, James, Marquis, later Duke of 74,
89, 104–9, 111–16, 122–3, 128, 142,
173, 190–1, 270, 343, 346, 349, 383,
399–400, 414–19
Hamilton, Sir John, of Orbiston 104
Hammond, Col. Robert 313–14, 395, 406,
425–6
Hammond, Lieut.-Gen. Thomas 357, 378
Hampden, John 68–9, 132, 138, 145, 166,
177, 200, 211–14, 216, 236, 239,
261–2
Hampton Court 214, 373, 526, 594–5, 619,
696, 766
conference at (1604) 37, 43
Harcourt, Sir Simon 207
Harley, Sir Robert 248, 691
Harrington, James 597, 728, 730–1, 742–3,
771
The Commonwealth of Oceana 644–5,
687
Harrison, Col. Thomas 235, 315, 348, 371,
453, 482, 496–7, 512, 516, 519–20,
523, 525–8, 530, 532, 537–9, 550,
552–3, 555–6, 563–4, 581, 606–7, 609,
616–17, 661, 710, 780
regiment of 396, 404, 445
Harsnett, Samuel, Archbishop of York 36, 79
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Haselrig (or Heselrige), Sir Arthur 176–7,
208, 211–13, 275, 281, 302, 428,
435–6, 455, 485, 512–13, 520, 524,
527, 531, 535, 602, 605, 611, 685,
687–8, 712–13, 718, 724, 727, 729,
731, 737–41, 747–8, 754, 756, 759–63,
774, 781–2
Hay, Sir John 95–6
Heads of (the) Proposals 373–6, 378–81,
439, 538, 557
Henderson, Alexander 99, 111–12, 158,
173–4, 271–2, 341
Henrietta, Maria, Queen 53, 58, 74, 83, 126–8,
172, 181, 185–6, 211–12, 214, 217, 219,
228, 243, 260, 262, 269, 283, 289, 328–9,
347, 412, 461–2, 480, 492, 504
Herbert, Sir Edward, Attorney-General
211–12, 215
Herbert, George 42
Hertford, Earl, later Marquis of (William
Seymour) 131, 145, 203, 226–7, 243–4,
259–60, 621
Hewitt, Dr John 691
Hewson, Col. John 357, 398, 469, 475, 685,
748, 781
High Commission, act abolishing 184
High Court of Justice (1649) 429–33
subsequent High Courts 419, 582, 619,
690–1
Highnam 259
Hispaniola, expedition against 631–4
Hobart, Sir Miles 64
Hobbes, Thomas 1, 3, 597, 645, 794
Holland, Earl of (Henry Rich) 74, 118, 121,
215, 348–9, 412–14, 419, 502
Holles, Denzil 60–1, 63–4, 211–13, 240,
248, 301, 304, 347–8, 352, 354–5, 371,
379, 420, 782
Holmby (or Holdenby) House 350, 363–4
Hooker, Richard 42–3
Hope, Sir Thomas, of Craighall 96–7, 111–12
Hopkins, Matthew 589
Hopton, Sir Ralph 174, 242–7, 258–60,
263–4, 266–7, 280–1, 289, 322, 329,
461, 481
Hopton Heath 261
Horton, Col. Thomas 407–8
regiment of 445
Hotham, Sir John and his son Captain John
215, 220, 242–3, 262–3, 295
Howard, Charles, later Earl of Carlisle 544,
590, 685, 700, 720
Howard, Edward, Lord of Escrick 145, 455
Hull 214–15, 219–20, 229, 243, 262, 266,
621, 745, 759
Humble Petition and Advice 651–60,
698–700, 709, 711
Huntingdon, Earl of (Henry Hastings) 253
Huntley, Marquis of (George Gordon) 106,
115, 124, 142, 270, 324, 499–500
Hutton, Ronald 781
Hyde, Edward, later Earl of Clarendon 6,
174, 183, 191, 203, 209, 220, 222–3,
248, 461, 481, 540, 630, 676, 693, 767,
773, 775
iconoclasm 187, 238, 339
impeachment 54–5
of Strafford 164, 169, 173–6
of the Five Members 211–13
of 11 MPs (1647) 375
Impressment Bill (1641) 108, 217
Inchiquin, Earl of (Murrough O’Brien) 207,
230, 273, 368, 405, 464, 466–7, 471,
478, 575
Incident, the (Scotland, 1641) 190–1
Independency (congregationalism) 145, 270,
297–300, 397, 516, 570, 584–5, 667,
716–17
independents (political) 296–7, 340–3, 352
Ingoldsby, Col. Richard 714, 720, 722, 732,
773, 780
Instrument of Government 557, 563–7,
604–9, 612–13, 698
Inverkeithing 494
‘invisible college’, the 592–3
Ireland, pre-war political, social, and ethnic
structure 27–31
under Charles I 47–8, 156, 160, 182
rebellion (1641 f.) 192–9, 204–8, 218–19,
268–9, 272–3, 278, 326–8, 343–5,
367–9, 405, 462, 464–5
Cromwellian conquest and after 468–80,
574, 668–76, 709–10, 727, 752–4,
766–8, 776–8, 786–8, 793
legislation affecting land settlement 230,
232, 480, 552, 574, 576–7, 579,
786–8
see also army in Ireland, Church of Ireland,
Confederation of Kilkenny, Court of
Castle Chamber
Ireton, Henry 235, 315–18, 348, 351, 359,
369, 371, 373–9, 382, 384–93, 418,
422–32, 437–8, 440–3, 448, 463, 477
Ireton, Sir John, Lord Mayor 737–8
Jaffray, Alexander 492, 499, 570
Jamaica 633, 640, 676, 696
James I and VI 11, 16–18, 20–3, 25–7, 32–3,
37–40, 45–8, 49–51, 85–6, 100,
110–11, 113, 589
James, Duke of York 68, 635
Jephson, Maj.-Gen. William 682, 695
Jermyn, Henry 181, 248, 461
806 Index
Index.y8 27/9/02 12:56 PM Page 806
Jessey, Henry 555, 558, 661, 669
Jewel, John, Bishop of Salisbury 35
Jews, readmission of 638–40
Johnston, Archibald, of Wariston 95–9, 108,
111, 121, 125, 144, 158, 191, 272, 275,
484, 489–90, 728, 783
Jones, Inigo 71, 126, 325
Jones, Col. John 752–3
Jones, Col. Michael 367–8, 465, 467–8, 472,
477
Jones, Col. Philip 455, 537, 567, 685, 700,
795
Jonson, Ben 71
Joyce, Cornet George 362–4
Justices of the Peace 18–20, 55, 69–71, 276,
515, 582–3, 626–7, 701, 728, 747
introduced in Scotland 667
Juxon, William, Bishop of London 75, 92
Kelso 121
Kent 253–4
in second Civil War 410–12
Ker, Col. Gilbert 488, 490–1
Ker, Harry, Lord 190
Kiffin, William 444, 558–9, 661, 690, 713
Kilkenny 195, 218, 236, 464, 475–6, 673
see also Confederation of Kilkenny
Kilsyth 321
kingship, act abolishing 450
proposals to confer on Cromwell 525, 612,
651–60, 696–7
on Richard Cromwell 718
Kinsale 442, 472, 504
Kintyre 108, 115
Knightley, Richard 131–2
Knocknanusss 368
Lambert, John 278, 357, 415–16, 418, 420,
425, 482, 486, 494, 496–7, 501, 521–2,
525, 537–8, 556–8, 563, 567, 569, 603,
609, 643, 646, 650–1, 653–4, 659,
662–3, 698, 700, 710, 713, 724–5, 728,
731, 735, 737–42, 750–1, 755–6, 759,
764, 769, 773–4, 780–1
Lanark, Earl of (William Hamilton) 190,
349, 383, 399–400, 414
Langdale, Sir Marmaduke 311, 316–18, 405,
412, 415, 417
Langport 321
Lansdowne Hill 263–4
Lathom House 278–9, 282, 336
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury
39, 50, 59, 74–5, 92, 100, 103, 114,
126–9, 132–3, 140–1, 145, 162, 168,
172, 182, 249, 295, 554
Lauderdale, Earl of (John Waitland) 97, 273,
361, 399–400, 414, 499, 783–4, 794
Laugharne, Maj.-Gen. Rowland 403, 407–8,
413
law reform 454, 517–18, 548–50, 557, 647
Lawes, Henry and William 71
Lawrence, Henry 636, 649, 685
Lawson, Vice-Admiral 611, 642, 690, 754–5,
749–50, 769–70
Leeds 242–3, 255, 262–3
Legge, Capt. (later Col.) William 214–15,
310, 314, 326, 401, 732
Leicester, sacked by Rupert 312–13
recaptured 319
Leicester, Earl of (Robert Sidney) 192, 198
Leinster 195, 232, 367–8, 464, 468, 472,
479, 753
Lennox, Duke of (James Stewart) 89, 95–6
Lenthall, Sir John 549–50
Lenthall, William, Speaker 60, 213, 376–9,
427, 521, 588, 605, 623, 650, 656, 685,
725, 741, 753, 755, 774, 781
Leopold, Archduke, later Emperor 695
Leslie, Alexander, later Earl of Leven 118–19,
121, 129, 138, 144–7, 159–60, 190–1,
272, 279, 285–8, 290, 311, 321, 349,
404, 419, 483, 499
Leslie, David 116, 279, 286–8, 309, 324,
404, 406, 419, 480, 483–9, 494–9
Levellers 225, 355–6, 381–98, 409–10,
421–6, 429, 434–5, 438–50, 463, 520,
602–3, 613–14, 616, 643–4, 794
see also Agreement of the People, debates,
Lilburne, Overton, Putney, Walwyn,
Wildman
Leven, Earl of, see Leslie, Alexander
Lichfield 260–1, 339
Lilburne, Lieut.-Col. Henry 394, 396, 416
Lilburne, John 169, 290, 355, 373, 381–3,
390–1, 410, 416, 429, 438, 442–6, 520,
545–7, 554, 643
Lilburne, Col. Robert 357–8, 392, 394, 495,
571–2, 591, 621, 719, 745, 758–9
Limerick 476–7, 613, 753
Lindsay, John, Earl of (Robert Bertie) 229,
239
Lisle, Viscount (Philip Sidney) 269, 465–6,
540, 544, 567, 575, 599, 605, 646
Lisle, Sir John, royalist commander 413,
418–19
Lisle, John, Commissioner for the Great Seal
588, 623
Littleton, Edward, Lord Keeper 63, 176,
222
Llwyd, Morgan 516, 661
Lockhart, Sir William 590, 635, 678–9, 685,
692–3, 727
Lockyer, Nicholas 384, 387
Lockyer, Trooper Robert 445
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