Wilamowski B.M., Irwin J.D. The Industrial Electronics Handbook. Second Edition: Industrial Communication Systems

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

Running Software over Internet 64-11

expensive,.and.thus.restricted.only.to.industrial.or.luxurious.products..Continuously.decreasing.cost.of.

micr

oprocessors

.and.netw

ork

.inte

rfaces

.have.open

.addi

tional

.possi

bilities

.in.the.home.autom

ation

appl

ications.

64.4 Summary and Conclusion

 is.chapter.shows.how.to.use.the.new.opportunity.created.by.Internet.technologies.for.ecient.and.

plat

form

.inde

pendent

.usag

.of.sow

are

.appl

ications.

. e.pres

ented

.exam

ples

.are.just.exam

ples,

.but.

they.show.a.way.in.whic

.the.tech

nology

.can.be.impl

emented.

. ey.also.illu

strate

.how.signi

cant

.is.the.

impa

.of.the.part

icular

.data.ow.on.the.prog

ramming

.tool

.and.appr

oaches

.take

.to.impl

ement

.the.Inte

rnet

acce

.to.the.serv

.inst

alled

.sow

are.

. e.auth

ors

.are.conv

inced

.that.such.appr

oach

.will.spre

.and.it.

will.rev

olutionize

.the.gen

eral

.app

roach

.towa

.so

ware

.dev

elopment.

.appr

oach

.will.also.have.a.syne

rgetic

.eec

.on.the.deve

lopment

.of.bett

.sow

are

.appl

ications

since.the.mark

.will.incr

ease

.signi

cantly.

.Avai

lability

.of.sow

are

.appl

ication

.via.the.Inte

rnet

.will.

boos

.desig

.proc

ess

.in.many.new.comm

unities

.and.impr

ove

.our.educ

ation

.proc

esses

.at.univ

ersities

.by.

allo

wing

.stu

dents

.to.use.the.sam

.sop

histicated

.so

ware

.as.is.use

.by.lea

ding

.ind

ustries.

Several

.feat

ures

.make.the.sow

are

.run.over.Inte

rnet

.a.desir

able

.prog

ram.

.Only.one.copy.of.the.so-

are

.engi

.need

.to.be.inst

alled

.and.con

gured.

.One.mach

ine

.acts.as.the.serv

.and.othe

.mach

ines

can.simul

taneously

.acce

.the.serv

.engi

.thro

ugh

.netw

ork

.conn

ections.

.Remo

.acce

.to.serv

allo

.user

.to.run.simul

ations

.from.any.comp

uter

.on.the.netw

ork.

. is.may.be.from.home

.or.anot

her

oce.in.ano

ther

.bui

lding,

.or.town

references

[MW00].A..Malinowski.and.B..M..Wilamowski,.Web-based.C++.compilers,.ASEE 2000 Annual Conference,.

St..Loui

.MO,.CD-ROM.sessio

.2532,.June.18–21,.2000.

[MW01]

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.Ista

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.Turke

.pp..101–107,.

Octo

ber

.1–3,.2001.

[MWM02]

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ula

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Sevi

lla,

.Spa

in,

.pp..2870–2874,.Nov

.5–8,.2002.

[PY

W10]

.N..Pham

.H..Yu,.and.B..M..Wila

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.Neur

.netw

ork

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ugh

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uter

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orks,

24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications 2010,

pp..1203

–1209,

.2010

[U07]

.L..Ullma

.PHP 6 a

nd MySQL 5 for Dynamic Web Sites:

.Visu

al QuickPro Guide,

.Peach

pit

.Press,.

Berke

ley,

.CA,.Dec..29,.2007.

[W1

.B..M..Wila

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.Design.of.netwo

.base

.sowa

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.24th IEEE I

nternational Conference on

Advanced Information Networking and Application 2010,

.pp..4–10,.2010.

[WL04]

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ams

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.Web D

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.CA,.May.16,.2004.

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.Paper.collec

tion

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ation

.throug

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Proc

eedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,

.Denv

.CO,.

pp..1868–1873,.Nov..29–Dec..2,.2001.

[WM

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.B..M..Wila

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.A..Mali

nowski,

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.Inte

rnet

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.1266

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[WT08]

.L.. Wellin

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.4th. edn.,. Addiso

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Prof

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.Bost

on,

.MA,.Oct

ober

.11,.2008.

65-1

65.1 Background

Many.industries.have.introduced.a.new.set.of.requirements.on.the.manufacturing.in.the.fabrication.

and.asse

mbly

.of.prod

ucts

.and/

.proj

ect

.mana

gement

.of.larg

.proj

ects.

. ese.are.char

acterized

.by.

seve

ral

.feat

ures:

.they.requ

ire

.the.abil

ity

.to.supp

ort

.work.carr

ied

.out.at.site

.remo

.from.the.nal.

asse

mbly

.site.wher

.prim

ary

.mate

rials

.and.appr

opriate

.numb

ers

.of.suit

able

.skil

led

.work

ers

.are.avai

able,

.tran

sportation

.of.larg

.comp

onents

.to.the.remo

.fabr

ication

.site

.and.nal.asse

mbly

.of.thes

at.the.site

. e.asse

mbly

.site.also.need

.rapi

.cons

truction

.of.thes

.serv

ices.

. e.manu

facturing

comp

anies

.are.oen.requ

ired

.to.meet.stri

.dead

lines

.on.cons

truction

.so.that.they.do.not.expe

rience

any.dela

ys,

.and.a.high.degr

.of.cust

omization

.of.the.prod

ucts

.to.suit.die

rent

.leve

.of.empl

oy-

ees

.and.die

rent

.terr

ains

.and.envi

ronmental

.cond

itions,

.whic

.can.some

times

.be.very.unfr

iendly.

 ese.requ

irements

.have.led.to.the.manu

facturing

.indu

stry

.seek

ing

.to.deve

lop

.new.mode

.of.oper

tion,

.whic

.must.allo

.for.(1).multi

site

.prod

uction

.of.comp

onents

.with.nal.asse

mbly

.at.a.remo

site.on.ever

.occa

sion,

.(2).a.high.degr

.of.reco

ngurability

.suit

able

.for.a.comb

ined

.cons

truction/

manufacturing

.indu

strial

.sett

ing

.capa

ble

.of.supp

orting

.the.prod

uction

.of.high

.cust

omized

.unit

or.prod

ucts,

.(3).an.abil

ity

.to.carr

.out.manu

facturing

.and.asse

mbly

.to.vary

ing

.leve

.of.gran

ularity

at. multi

ple

.site

.(4).crea

tion

.of.majo

.comp

onents

.thro

ugh

.asse

mbly

.of.subc

omponents

.sour

ced

from.die

rent

.prod

ucers

.or.fact

ories,

.(5).the.abil

ity

.to.moni

tor

.and.cont

rol

.the.ow.of.mate

rials

.and.

part

ially

.asse

mbled

.comp

onents

.with

.timi

.and.reso

urce

.cons

traints,

.(6).the.abil

ity

.to.trac

.and.

trac

.the.prod

uction

.of.a.part

icular

.cust

omized

.unit.and.to.info

.the.rele

vant

.sta.work

ing

.on.that.

unit.at.a.subs

equent

.stag

.in.the.proc

ess,

.(7).auto

mated

.data.coll

ection

.in.wide

.vary

ing

.situ

ations,

and.(8).ensuring.dependency.and.timing.constraints.are.fullled.for.feasible.and.on-time.delivery..

 ese.requ

irements

.can.only.be.met.thro

ugh

.new.cutt

ing

.edge.IT.and.Web-

based

.meth

odologies

and.tech

nologies.

Semantic Web Services for

Manufacturing Industry

65.1. Background.......................................................................................65-1

65.2

. Aims.

..................................................................................................65-3

65.3

. Appr

oach...........................................................................................65-3

Ontology-Driven.Architecture. •. Multisite.Issues.and.Rapid.

Recongurability. •. Customizations.of.Product.and.Materials.

Flow.Monitoring. •. Optimization. •. Data,.Process.and.Timing.

Consistency.and.Conformance. •. Customer-Centered.Design.

through.the.Concept.of.Customer.Value

65.4. Conclusion........................................................................................65-9

References...................................................................................................65-10

Chen Wu

Curtin University

of Tec

hnology

Tharam S. Dillon

Curtin University

of Tec

hnology

65-2 Industrial Communication Systems

Previous. methods. for. information-based. production. engineering. methods. such. as. client/server,.

bla

ckboard

.met

hods,

.etc

.hav

.not.add

ressed

.the.mul

tisite

.dis

tributed

.pro

duction

.dev

elopment

.env

ronment

.wit

.cha

nging

.na

.ass

embly

.loc

ations

.and.how.to.man

age

.suc

.dev

elopment

.ec

iently.

. ey

amo

.oth

.thi

ngs,

.req

uire

.(1).the.site.fro

.whi

.the.dat

.is.ent

ered

.is.rel

atively

.xe

.(2).the.pro

duc-

tion

.tea

.memb

ers

.are.col

located

.su

ciently

.to.be.abl

.to.com

municate

.fac

.to.fac

.to.res

olve

.iss

ues

and.hav

.a.simi

lar

.und

erstanding

.of.the.und

erlying

.ter

minology

.and.con

cepts

.and.rel

ationships

.wit

hin

the.dom

ain,

.and.(3).the.pro

duction

.tea

.memb

ers

.are.su

ciently

.com

puter

.lit

erate

.in.the.so

ware

sys

tems

.dep

loyed.

. e.fol

lowing

.sce

narios

.dem

onstrate

.the.nee

.for.a.mul

tisite

.dis

tributed

.pro

duct

dev

elopment

.me

thodology:

•

. As. the. development. project. proceeds. through. the. specication,. design,. and. implementation.

pha

ses,

.the.pro

ject

.and.con

tract

.dev

eloper

.who.pro

duced

.the.pro

ject,

.bui

ldings,

.and.wor

.spe

ci-

cation

.and.pro

posal

.for.sol

ution

.may.be.phy

sically

.far.rem

oved

.fro

.the.desi

.and.com

ponent

man

ufacturing

.tea

ms,

.on.eit

her

.a.reg

ional

.or.int

ernational

.basi

. is.phy

sical

.dis

tance

.cou

bec

ome

.a.cru

cial

.iss

.if.the.spe

cications

.are.not.com

plete,

.are.ambi

guous,

.or.are.con

tinually

evo

lving.

•

. Whe

.the.dev

elopment

.is.dec

omposed

.bas

.on.spe

cialization,

.eac

.imp

lementation

.gro

.cou

resi

.at.di

erent

.site

. e.di

erent

.com

ponents

.hav

.to.be.int

egrated,

.and.di

erences

.in.the.

int

erpretation

.of.sp

ecications

.ca

.le

.to.in

compatible

.co

mponents.

•

. Sin

.suc

.dev

elopment

.oe

.use

.a.com

ponent-based

.app

roach,

.com

ponents

.may.be.dev

eloped

by.mul

tiple

.rem

ote

.tea

ms,

.and.the.int

egration

.tea

.who.ass

emble

.the.na

.pro

duct

.wil

.be.at.a.

rem

ote

.site

;

.alt

hough

.wor

king

.on.the.sam

.pro

duct,

.di

erent

.exp

ert

.gro

ups

.hav

.di

erent

.ter

mi-

nologies

.and.oe

.nd.it.har

.to.ove

rcome

.com

munication

.di

culties.

. is.is.exa

cerbated

.by.the.

fac

.th

.do

main

.ex

perts

.wi

.us

.so

mewhat

.di

erent

.te

rminology

.to.th

.de

velopers.

•

. Qua

lity

.ass

urors

.and

/or

.hum

.fac

tor

.eva

luators

.inv

olved

.in.lar

.pro

ject

.dev

elopment,

.qua

ity

.mea

surement,

.com

ponent-based

.tes

ting,

.sta

ndards

.pro

cedures

.aud

iting,

.use

.acc

eptance

.and.

usa

bility

.eva

luation

.may.be.loc

ated

.at.site

.rem

ote

.to.the.desi

gners

.and.man

ufacturers

.of.the.cus

tomized

.com

ponent

.dev

elopers.

.Usa

bility

.is.bes

.per

formed

.wit

.a.gro

.of.peo

ple

.who.res

emble

the.ta

rget

.us

ers

.(e

.g.,

.em

ployees

.of.th

.co

mpany

.fo

.wh

.th

.de

velopment

.is.ca

rried

.ou

t).

•

. A.recent.trend.for.large.project.contracts.is.for.the.project.managers.or.project.directors.to.be.in.

one.pla

ce,

.and.the.tea

.lea

ders

.and.dev

elopment

.tea

.to.be.spr

ead

.acr

oss

.sev

eral

.cou

ntries

.or.

cit

ies.

.It.is.cru

cial

.tha

.smo

oth

.com

munication

.can.tak

.pla

.to.all

.the.pro

ject

.man

agers

.to.

mon

itor

.the.pro

gress

.and.qua

lity

.of.pro

duction,

.so.tha

.the.who

.pro

ject

.can.be.del

ivered

.on.tim

and.wi

thin

.bu

dget.

•

. e.cli

ents

.and.the.dev

elopers

.may.als

.not.be.fro

.the.sam

.reg

ion

.or.cit

.or.the.sam

.cou

ntry.

 is.cou

.ari

.fro

.the.org

anization

.not.bei

.abl

.to.ide

ntify

.the.bes

.qua

lity

.tea

.in.the.loc

are

.or.the.sys

tem

.con

tract

.bei

.let.thr

ough

.a.ten

der

.pro

cess.

. e.cha

llenge

.is.to.get.the.rig

mod

.of.dev

elopment,

.spe

cication,

.and.sol

ution

.and.to.ens

ure

.the.end.pro

duct

.mee

.the.

cus

tomer’s

.ne

eds.

.nee

.for.thi

.mul

tisite

.pro

duction

.is.ther

efore

.of.con

siderable

.sig

nicance.

.How

ever,

.mos

.of.

the.pro

duction

.eng

ineering

.pro

cess

.mod

els

.tha

.are.in.exi

stence

.ass

ume

.a.cen

tralized

.app

roach

.to.

dev

elopment.

.As.sho

.in.the.abo

.exa

mples,

.ther

.are.man

.sit

uations

.wher

.suc

.an.ass

umption

.is.

ina

ppropriate.

. is.ass

umption

.is.als

.pre

sent

.in.man

.of.the.cur

rent

.pro

duction

.eng

ineering

.met

odologies,

.whi

.do.not.add

ress

.mul

tisite

.pro

duction.

.Mos

.pro

ject

.man

agement

.app

roaches

.do.not.

con

sider

.mul

tisite

.pro

duction.

.Fin

ally,

.we.see.tha

.man

.tec

hnologies

.hav

.not.yet.bec

ome

.mat

ure

.to.

fac

ilitate

.mul

tisite

.pro

duction.

. os

.pro

cess

.mod

els,

.met

hodologies,

.tec

hnologies,

.and.app

roaches

cannot.be.followed.linearly.for.a.multisite.situation.. erefore,.it.is.important.to.identify.the.key.issues.

and.solu

tions

.tha

.are.the.sub

ject

.of.thi

.cha

pter,

.whi

.mov

.awa

.fro

.thi

.“ce

ntral”

.ass

umption

.to.

all

.for.di

erent

.par

.of.the.dev

elopment

.tea

.to.be.at.phy

sically

.di

erent

.sit

es.

Semantic Web Services for Manufacturing Industry 65-3

65.2 aims

 e.main.aims.of.this.chapter.are.to.describe.a.highly.recongurable.multisite.production.system.that

. 1..Appr

opriately

.addr

esses

.the.issu

.of.comm

unication,

.coor

dination,

.situ

ation

.awar

eness

.for.

mult

isite

.manu

facturing,

.and.cons

truction.

. 2.. Prov

ides

.a.high.degr

.of.reco

ngurability

.of.proc

ess

.ows.and/

.manu

facturing

.work

stations

to.allo

.for.prod

uction

.of.high

.custo

mized

.prod

ucts

.as.well.as.inco

rporation

.of.new.mate

rials,

subc

omponents,

.tool

.and.met

hods

.of.pro

duction.

. 3..Allo

. info

rmation

. to. be. carr

ied

. on. the. requ

irements

. of. a. part

icular

. prod

uct

. duri

. its.

deve

lopment.

. 4.. Prov

ides

.mat

erial

.ow.mon

itoring

.and.con

trol

.acr

oss

.mul

tiple

.site

. 5..Enables.optimization.of.the.process.ows.

. 6.. Allo

.the.enfo

rcement

.of.cons

traints

.refl

ecting

.depe

ndencies

.and.inco

nsistencies

.for.a.give

time.or.betw

een

.diff

erent

.inte

rvals

.of.time

;

.thes

.shou

.also.be.able.to.take.into.acco

unt

limi

tations

.of.reso

urces,

.skil

.avai

lable

.at.a.part

icular

.site.at.a.give

.time

. 7.. Allo

.the.asse

ssment

.and.trac

king

.of.timi

.info

rmation

.rela

ted

.to.part

icular

.even

.and.

proc

esses

.incl

uding

.end-

to-end

.timi

ng.

. 8.. Dete

rmines

.the.conf

ormance

.of.the.prog

ression

.of.a.prod

uct’s

.deve

lopment

.agai

nst

.the.prop

osed

plan.of.prod

uction

.with.the.abil

ity

.to.reco

ngure

.the.prod

uction

.plan.if.nece

ssary

.to.meet.timi

and.qua

lity

.par

ameters.

. 9..Inco

rporation

.of.the.not

ion

.of.cus

tomer

.cen

tered

.desi

.bas

.on.pri

nciples

.of.cus

tomer

.val

ue.

. 10.. e.comp

osition

.and.func

tion

.of.the.vari

ous

.PEMF

.part

.are.furt

her

.disc

ussed

.in.the.foll

owing

subs

ections.

65.3 approach

65.3.1 Ontology-Driven architecture

To.resolve.the.above.issues,.we.use.the.development.of.a.base.ontology,.which.serves.as.a.structure.

for.an.unde

rlying

.know

ledge

.base

.allo

wing

.for.full.inte

raction,

.comp

rehension,

.and.custo

mization

.of.

prod

ucts

.betw

een

.remo

.team

. ere.are.two.main.reas

ons

.that.just

ify

.the.need.for.an.ontol

ogy-driven

arch

itecture.

.rst.is.the.fact.that.we.need.to.have.a.conc

eptual

.fram

ework

.that.enfo

rces

.an.agre

ement

.on.

how.info

rmation

.shou

.be.orga

nized,

.with

out

.losi

.any.of.the.exi

bility

.of.allow

ing

.peop

.to.

expr

ess

.and.view.part

.in.thei

.own.fami

liar

.expr

ession

.lang

uage

.(whi

.is.a.very.die

rent

.con-

ept

.comp

ared

.to.most. area

.of.expe

rtise).

.An.ontol

ogy,

.whic

.is. den

.as. a. shar

.conc

eptu-

alization

.of.some.doma

.[Gru

ber

.93],.will.perm

.cohe

rent

.comm

unication

.betw

een

.the.remo

team

.Unde

rstanding

.the.mean

ing

.of.shar

.info

rmation

.on.the.web.can.subs

tantially

.be.enha

nced

if.the.info

rmation

.is.mapp

.onto.ontol

ogy.

. e.base.ontol

ogy,

.whic

.enco

mpasses

.dive

rse,

.comp

lex,

doma

.knowl

edge,

.tech

nology

.and.skil

ls,

.will.ensu

.a.comm

.grou

.for.dist

ributed

.coll

abora-

tion

.and.inter

actions.

.seco

.reas

.why.ontol

ogy

.is.need

.in.this.envi

ronment

.is.to.allo

.Web.secu

rity

.and.con-



dentiality

.to.be.den

.more.conv

eniently

.at.the.ontol

ogy

.leve

.One.way.to.rest

rict

.user.acce

.to.

rele

vant

.info

rmation

.only.with

.the.base.ontol

ogy

.is.by.crea

ting

.a.sub-

ontology

.appr

opriate

.for.each.

user.pro

le.

. is.is.a.noti

.curr

ently

.used.more.freq

uently

.in.ontol

ogy

.rese

arch

.alth

ough

.the.nami

conv

entions

.vary.(e.g

.Ontol

ogy

.Comm

itment

.[Jar

rar

.02],.[Spyn

.02],.Ontol

ogy

.Versi

.[Kle

.02],.

Mate

rialized

.Ontol

ogy

.View.[Wou

ters

.02])

. us,.the.leve

.of.secu

rity

.and.acce

.can.be.den

.at.the.

conc

eptual

.leve

.(sub

-ontology

.leve

.wher

.the.sema

ntics

.of.rela

ted

.info

rmation

.and.docu

ments

.are.

kept,.ins

tead

.of.har

dwiring

.the

.at.the.ins

tances

.or.doc

ument

.lev

el.

65-4 Industrial Communication Systems

In.general,.four.aspects.of.multisite.production.can.be.distinguished:

•

. Com

munications

.ref

ers

.to.the.basi

.abi

lity

.to.exc

hange

.inf

ormation

.of.any.req

uired

.for

.in.the.

col

laboration

.pr

ocess

.be

tween

.th

.pa

rties

.in

volved.

•

. Int

egratability

.rel

ates

.to.the.abi

lity

.of.com

ponents

.fro

.di

erent

.sou

rces

.to.mes

.rel

atively

.sea

lessly

.an

.th

.ab

ility

.to.in

tegrate

.th

ese

.co

mponents

.to.bu

ild

.th

.n

.pr

oduct.

•

. Coo

rdination

.fo

cuses

.on.sc

heduling

.an

.or

dering

.ta

sks

.pe

rformed

.by.th

ese

.pa

rties.

•

. Awa

reness

.and.coo

peration

.ref

.to.the.kno

wledge

.of.the.pro

duction

.pro

cess

.of.wor

.bei

per

formed,

.pro

gress

.ach

ieved,

.and.dec

isions

.mad

.by.oth

ers.

.ont

ology-driven

.arc

hitecture

.pro

posed

.red

uces

.con

ceptual

.and.ter

minological

.con

fusion

.by.

pro

viding

.a.uni

fying

.fra

mework

.wit

hin

.an.org

anization

.thr

ough

•

. e.nor

mative

.mod

el,

.whi

.cre

ates

.a.sem

antic

.for.the.sys

tem

.and.an.ext

endible

.mod

.tha

.can.

lat

.be.re

ned

.and

.whi

.all

ows

.sem

antic

.tra

nsformations

.bet

ween

.di

erent

.con

texts

.fro

di

erent

.sit

es.

•

. e.net

work

.of.rel

ationships

.tha

.can.kee

.tra

.of.pro

gress

.and.mon

itoring

.qua

lity

.and.pro

duc-

tivity

.fr

.de

velopment

.te

ams

.in.di

erent

.lo

cations.

•

. Cre

ating

.co

nsistency,

.it.pr

ovides

.un

ambiguous

.de

nitions

.fo

.te

rms

.in.th

.pr

oduction

.sy

stem.

•

. All

owing

.int

egration

.by.pro

viding

.a.nor

mative

.mod

.and.int

egration

.of.com

ponents

.dev

eloped

in.di

erent

.pl

aces

.ca

.be.ac

hieved.

.int

egration

.of.a.numb

.of.(ex

isting)

.onto

logies

.for.oth

.dom

ains

.can.be.use

.to.aug

ment

.the.

fun

ctionality

.of.any.fra

mework

.usin

.the.bas

.onto

logy.

. is.bas

.onto

logy

.wou

.in.gen

eral

.ter

ove

rlap

.wit

.the.ext

ernal

.onto

logies.

.A.dis

tributed

.wor

kow

.tec

hnique

.acr

oss

.mul

tiple

.site

.wit

.app

ro-

priate

. sha

red

. rep

ositories,

. an. abi

lity

. to. enf

orce

. pre

conditions

. and. pos

t-conditions

. on. dev

elopment

act

ivities

.and.the.art

efacts

.dev

eloped,

.plu

.tas

.tra

cking

.wil

.assi

.wit

.ove

rall

.coo

rdination.

.As.the

are.se

veral

.ai

.th

.mu

.be.ad

dressed,

.in.wh

.fo

llows,

.we.wi

.di

scuss

.th

.ap

proach

.ta

ken

.fo

.ea

.of.

the

.ai

.in.tu

rn.

65.3.2 Multisite Issues and rapid recongurability

 e.multisite.issues.will.be.addressed.through.the.use.of.an.ontology-based.approach.. e.three.ontolo-

gies

.th

.ha

.be

.id

entied

.as.ne

cessary

.ar

.as.fo

llows:

. 1..A.pr

ocess

.on

tology

. 2.. A.pr

oducts

.on

tology

. 3..A.co

mponents

.on

tology

.pro

cess

.onto

logy

.dev

elops

.a.rep

resentation

.of.the.di

erent

.typ

.of.pro

cesses

.inv

olved

.in.man

facturing/construction.

.Pre

viously

.tax

onomies

.for.man

ufacturing

.pro

cesses

.hav

.bee

.dev

eloped

.by.

[Ho

lland

.00].and.re

ned

.by.[La

stra

.04]

. es

.ide

.wer

.ext

ended

.to.an.onto

logy

.by.[De

lamar

.06]

.wer

.lar

gely

.rel

evant

.for.mec

hanical

.pro

duction

.pro

cesses

.at.a.sing

.site

.Spec

ically

.the

.did.not.

inc

lude

.con

struction

.act

ivities

.nor.did.the

.all

.spe

cication

.of.act

ivities

.at.mul

tiple

.di

erent

.site

We.int

end

.to.use.par

.of.the.tax

onomies

.pre

viously

.dev

eloped

.and.ext

end

.the

.to.inc

orporate

.join

man

ufacturing/construction

.pro

cesses

.as.wel

.as.all

.for.mul

tiple

.site

. e.pro

duct

.onto

logy

.wil

rep

resent

.the.di

erent

.typ

.of.pro

ducts

.or.uni

.tha

.wil

.res

ult

.fro

.the.man

ufacturing/construction

act

ivity.

. ey.wil

.inv

olve

.cla

ssication

.of.the.pro

ducts

.by.fea

tures

.as.wel

.as.capt

uring

.the.geo

metrical

lay

out,

.whi

.is.par

ticularly

.imp

ortant

.for.con

struction.

.Her

.the.rel

ationships

.inv

olved

.and.the.lay

out

con

gurations

.wi

.al

.ha

.to.be.ca

ptured

.by.th

.pr

oduct

.on

tology.

.com

ponent

.onto

logy

.wil

.pro

vide

.a.rep

resentation

.of.all.the.com

ponents

.inv

olved

.in.the.man

facture/construction

.act

ivity

.at.the.di

erent

.lev

els

.of.gra

nularity.

.As.eac

.lar

.gra

nularity

.com

ponent

is.lik

ely

.to.con

sist

.of.sub

components

.its

elf

.and.so.on,.it.is.imp

ortant

.the

.are.all.rep

resented

.wit

hin

Semantic Web Services for Manufacturing Industry 65-5

the.ontology..Here,.again,.it.will.be.important.to.specify.the.functionality,.geometrical.aspects.and.the.

sou

rce

.of.the.com

ponent

.whe

ther

.in-

house

.fab

ricated

.or.ext

ernally

.sou

rced.

. e.rs

.ste

.is.to.und

er-

stand

.the.con

cepts

.and.req

uirements

.of.an.onto

logy

.for.a.mul

tisite

.pro

duction

.dev

elopment

.env

iron-

ment,

.or.st

ated

.an

other

.wa

.th

.on

tological

.co

ntent.

First,

.we.beg

.by.pro

perly

.de

ning

.the.con

cept

.of.a.val

.ont

ology

.in.the.spe

cied

.doma

in.

.We.

nee

.to.ens

ure

.tha

.the.de

ned

.ont

ology

.con

ceptually

.rep

resents

.the.per

ceived

.doma

.kno

wledge

thr

ough

.its.con

cepts,

.att

ributes,

.tax

onomies,

.rel

ationships,

.and.ins

tances.

.How

ever,

.in.add

ition

.to.

thi

.oth

.pre

viously

.deve

loped

.tax

onomies

.for.eac

.of.the.man

ufacturing

.wil

.als

.pro

vide

.imp

ortant

inp

uts.

.Nex

.we.als

.nee

.to.de

.the.res

trictions

.tha

.nee

.to.be.appl

ied

.to.the.abo

.de

nitions

.in.

orde

.to.ens

ure

.tha

.it.is.pra

ctically

.usa

ble.

. is.is.a.re

nement

.pro

cess

.of.the.hig

.leve

.abs

tractions

de

ned

.ear

lier.

Secondly,

.the.mos

.app

ropriate

.rep

resentation

.to.mod

.the.onto

logies

.is.nee

ded.

.OWL.wil

.be.use

ful

at.the.imp

lementation

.lev

el;

.how

ever,

.it.wil

.be.nec

essary

.to.use.a.gra

phical

.rep

resentation

.of.onto

logies

at.a.hig

her

.lev

.of.abs

traction

.to.mak

.it.easi

.for.the.dom

ain

.exp

erts

.to.und

erstand

.and.cri

tique,

.and.

imp

ortantly,

.thi

.mod

.sho

uld

.be.abl

.to.capt

ure

.the.sem

antic

.ric

hness

.of.the.de

ned

.onto

logy

.In.our.

pre

vious

.wor

.we.hav

.dev

eloped

.suc

.a.not

ation

.[Wo

ngthongtham

.06].and.uti

lized

.it.suc

cessfully

for.the.dev

elopment

.of.sev

eral

.onto

logies

.inc

luding

.the.Tru

.and.Rep

utation

.Dom

ain

.[Ch

ang

.06,

07],

the.So

ware

.Eng

ineering

.Dom

ain

.[Po

rnpit

.05,

06],

.the.Dis

ease

.Onto

logy

.[Ha

dzic

.05]

.and.the.Pro

tein

Dom

ain

.[Si

dhu

.05,

08].

.We.int

end

.to.uti

lize

.thi

.for.our.rep

resentation

.lan

guage

.for.the.mod

eling

.pha

se.

 e.implementation.will.then.be.carried.out.using.OWL.classes.

Next,

.we.de

.the.onto

logy-based

.arc

hitecture.

. e.onto

logy-based

.arc

hitecture

.is.gro

unded

.on.the.

not

ion

.of.a.bas

.onto

logy

.sub

-ontologies

.[Wo

uters

.02,

03]

.or.com

mitments

.[Ja

rrar

.02,.Spyn

.02]

. es

sub

-ontologies

.are.use

.as.ind

ependent

.sys

tems

.(in.fun

ctionality)

.for.the.var

ious

.dec

entralized

.dev

elop-

ment

.te

ams.

. i

.wo

uld

.al

low

.fo

.a.ve

.ve

rsatile

.an

.sc

alable

.ba

.fo

.mu

ltisite

.pr

oduction.

.our.int

ention

.is.to.wor

.wit

.num

erous

.sub

-ontologies

.tha

.pro

vide

.cus

tom

.por

tals

.for.di

er-

ent

.exp

ert

.gro

ups

.to.acc

ess

.inf

ormation

.and.com

municate

.wit

.oth

.gro

ups

.(at.di

erent

.loc

ations),

.a.

sol

.rep

resentation

.bec

omes

.cru

cial

.as.eac

.sub

-ontology

.can.be.vie

wed

.as.an.ind

ependent

.fun

ctioning

onto

logy

.[Wo

uters

.02,.Jar

rar

.02]

.all.of.the

.hav

.the

.own.dis

tinct

.rep

resentation,

.whi

.is.rel

ated

.or.

simi

lar

.to.the.ori

ginal

.but.not.nec

essarily

.the.sam

.and.pos

sibly

.not.eve

.a.str

aight

.sub

set

.of.ele

ments

of.the.gen

eral

.base.ont

ology.

.Our.pre

vious

.wor

.has.pro

vided

.a.rig

orous

.bas

.for.doi

.thi

.[Wo

uters

.02]

A.numb

.of.key.iss

ues

.are.giv

.her

.and.som

.sma

.exa

mples

.of.how.ext

ensions

.are.add

.to.the.bas

onto

logy,

.whe

ther

.new.ele

ments

.or.exi

sting

.ext

ernal

.onto

logies.

. es

.sub

-ontologies

.de

.the.ess

en-

tial

.el

ements

.of.th

.on

tology-based

.ar

chitecture.

Awareness

.of.wha

.wor

.is.bei

.don

.by.othe

.bec

omes

.a.pro

blem

.in.a.mul

tisite

.env

ironment.

Di

erent

.te

ams

.mi

ght

.no

.be.aw

are

.of.wh

.ta

sks

.ar

.ca

rried

.ou

.by.ot

hers

.po

tentially

.le

ading

.to.is

sues

suc

.as.two. gro

ups

.per

forming

.the. sam

.tas

ks,

.or.tas

.not.per

formed

.at.all

.or.inc

ompatibilities

bet

ween

.tas

.(ig

norance

.of.who.to.con

tact

.to.get.pro

per

.det

ails

.abo

.a.cer

tain

.tas

k).

.If.eve

ryone

wor

king

.on.a.cer

tain

.pro

ject

.is.loc

ated

.in.the.sam

.are

.then.sit

uational

.awa

reness

.is.rel

atively

.str

aight-

forward

.but.the.ove

rheads

.in.com

munication

.to.nd.ans

wers

.to.the.sam

.ques

tion

.in.a.mul

tisite

.env

ronment

.can.bec

ome

.ver

.lar

ge.

. e.pro

posed

.bas

.ont

ology

.wil

.dea

.wit

.thi

.on.a.con

ceptual

.lev

el.

Not.onl

.mod

eling

.the.dev

elopment

.pro

cess,

.but.als

.the.dev

elopment

.met

hodology

.is.the.key

.In.thi

cas

.it.wou

.mea

.tha

.the.ont

ology

.not.onl

.pro

vides

.the.low

.lev

.con

cepts

.(su

.as.a.com

ponent

tha

.nee

.to.be.dev

eloped)

.but.it.als

.mod

els

.con

cepts

.and.sem

antics

.on.the.lev

.of.the.int

eraction

.of.

the.dev

elopment

.tea

.suc

.as.Tas

.Res

ponsibility.

.In.pra

ctice,

.thi

.all

ows

.tea

.to.alw

ays

.be.awa

.of.

who.is.per

forming

.eac

.tas

Secure

.acc

ess

.con

trol,

.whi

.is.ano

ther

.iss

ue,

.con

siders

.the.app

ropriateness

.of.gro

ups

.to.acc

ess

.dat

 is.is.als

.a.majo

.iss

.in.the.sing

.loc

ation

.dev

elopment,

.but.an.iss

.tha

.is.easi

.to.con

trol,

.as.the.

phy

sical

.clo

seness

.auto

matically

.all

ows

.for.a.tig

.mon

itoring.

.In.a.mul

tisite

.env

ironment,

.it.is.eas

.to.

los

.tra

.of.wha

.the.exa

.res

ponsibilities

.are

.and.who.sho

uld

.or.sho

uld

.not.acc

ess

.cer

tain

.par

ts.

. e.

mon

itoring

.tha

.is.oe

.tak

.for.gra

nted

.in.a.sing

.site.env

ironment

.can.bec

ome

.a.hug

.pro

blem.

65-6 Industrial Communication Systems

Even.if.the.environment.manager.is.still.aware.of.who.should.not.have.access,.ensuring.that.it.happens.

is.ano

ther

.iss

ue.

.Aga

in,

.onto

logies

.and

.mor

.spe

cically,

.the.use.of.a.bas

.and.sev

eral

.sub

-ontologies,

pro

vide

.a.sol

ution

.to.thi

.pro

blem.

.By.int

egrating

.an.acc

ess

.con

cept

.(re

lated

.to.all.typ

.of.inf

ormation/

tasks/components

.in.the.pro

ject)

.in.the.bas

.and.sub

-ontologies,

.it.can.be.spe

cied

.tha

.cer

tain

.gro

ups

do.no

.ha

.ac

cess

.(r

ead,

.wr

ite,

.no

.or.al

.to.sp

ecic

.pa

rts

.of.th

.pr

oject.

The

.sec

ond

.iss

.rel

ates

.to.rap

.rec

onfigurability

.(ai

m2)

.and.thi

.has.two.dim

ensions,

.nam

ely,

(1).rec

ongurability

.to.bri

.abo

.rap

.pro

duction

.of.a.cus

tomized

.set.of.pro

ducts

.dem

anded

.by.the.

cus

tomer

.for.del

ivery

.in.a.com

pressed

.tim

eframe

.and.(2).int

roduction

.of.new.pro

cesses

.and

/or

.com

po-

nents

.of.a.di

erent

.le

vel

.of.gr

anularity

.or.ma

.fr

.ne

.ma

terials.

Previously,

.in.ord

.to.add

ress

.dim

ension

.one

.a.con

siderable

.amo

unt

.of.wor

.has.bee

.don

.on.ex

ible

.man

ufacturing

.sys

tems

.(FM

S).

.How

ever,

.the

.sys

tems

.are.ina

ppropriate

.for.the.rap

.pro

duction

of.cus

tomized

.pro

ducts

.bec

ause

.the

.hav

.onl

.a.xe

.numb

.of.pro

cesses

.tha

.are.in.pla

.and.the

wil

.pro

bably

.be.ina

dequate

.for.the.ran

.of.cus

tomization

.of.pro

ducts

.tha

.mig

.be.req

uired

.in.pro

uct

.con

struction.

.In.add

ition,

.FMS

.fre

quently

.abs

orb

.con

siderably

.mor

.res

ources

.tha

.are.nee

ded

.to.

pro

duce

.the.spe

cic

.pro

duct

.cur

rently

.bei

.pro

duced.

.For.the

.rea

sons,

.the

.has.bee

.a.ten

dency

.in.

rec

ent

.res

earch

.to.mov

.to.oth

.mea

.of.ach

ieving

.rec

ongurability.

.In.thi

.cha

pter,

.we.exp

lore

.the.

two.di

erent

.app

roaches,

.nam

ely,

.(1).use.a.comb

ination

.of.the.onto

logies

.and.mul

ti-agents

.[Ha

dzic

.07].

and.(2).use.the.sem

antic

.Web.par

adigm

.thr

ough

.a.comb

ination

.of.ont

ologies

.and.Web.ser

vices

.[Wa

.04]

[Di

llon

.07a

,07b].

.In.app

roach

.(1)

.onto

logies

.wil

.be.use

.as.com

mon

.kno

wledge

.bas

.by.age

nts

.wor

king

at.dierent.sites.. e.agents.themselves.will.be.goal.oriented.and.will.collectively.or.individually.seek.

to.ach

ieve

.the

se,

.upd

ating

.rel

evant

.ins

tances

.of.onto

logy

.cla

sses

.whe

.app

ropriate

.to.all

.mon

itoring

of.the.sta

tus

.of.var

ious

.pro

cesses

.thr

ough

.thi

.Our.pre

vious

.wor

.on.So

ware

.Eng

ineering

.Onto

logy

[Wo

ngthongtham

.06].and.Pro

ject

.Man

agement

.Onto

logies

.[Ch

eah

.07].wil

.hel

.pro

vide

.imp

ortant

inp

uts

.on.the.way.thi

.can.be.ach

ieved.

. e.app

roach

.ado

pted

.for.the.desi

.of.Sem

antic

.Web.ser

vices

wil

.use.fur

ther

.ext

ensions

.of.the.RES

TFUL

.and.Web

-based

.app

roaches

.and.mak

.use.of.onto

logies

.to.

hel

.in.the.ide

ntication

.of.Web.ser

vices

.tha

.wil

.be.spe

cied

.thr

ough

.the.use.of.the.tri

ple

.com

puting

par

adigm

.[Di

llon

.07a

,07b].

.Not

.thi

.wil

.not.use.the.WSD

L-based

.des

cription

.but.the.use.of.a.tup

spa

.to.loc

ate

.the.req

uired

.Web.ser

vice.

.Pre

vious

.stu

dies

.[Pi

lioura

.04]

.[Ba

naei-Kashani

.04].sug

gested

tha

.the.exi

sting

.Web.ser

vices

.arc

hitecture

.bas

.on.rem

ote

.pro

cedure

.cal

.(RP

.is.not.ind

eed

.“We

ori

ented”

.bec

ause

.RPC.is.mor

.sui

table

.for.a.clo

sed

.loc

.net

work

.and.rai

sed

.con

cern

.tha

.“We

.ser

vices

do.not.hav

.muc

.in.com

mon

.wit

.the.Web

”

.[Bu

schmann

.96]

.and.lea

.to.pot

ential

.wea

kness

.suc

.as.

sca

lability,

.pe

rformance,

.e

xibility,

.an

.im

plementability

.[P

iers

.03

Good

. man

ufacturing

. sys

tem

. arc

hitecture

. is. cru

cial

. for. mul

tisite

. pro

duction.

. But. how. to. de

“go

od”

.or.“ba

d?”

.In.the.key

note

.pap

.[Di

llon

.07a

,07b]

.at.IFI

P NPC 2007 Conference,

.we.rev

iewed

fou

.mai

.arc

hitectural

.sty

les

.for.SOA.app

lications,

.nam

ely,

.mat

chmaker,

.bro

ker,

.pee

r-to-peer,

.Web

oriented.

. e.Rep

resentational

.Stat

.Tra

nsfer

.(RE

ST)

.[Fi

elding

.02].use

.a.res

ource

.ide

ntier

.(UR

.to.

pro

vide

.an.una

mbiguous

.and.uni

que

.lab

.for.one.par

ticular

.Web.res

ource.

.In.the.RES

Tful

.arc

hitec-

tural

.sty

le,

.all.res

ources

.are.acc

essed

.wit

.a.gen

eric

.int

erface

.res

ulting

.in.a.dra

matic

.dec

rease

.in.the.

com

plexity

.of.the.sem

antics

.of.the.ser

vice

.int

erface

.dur

ing

.the.ser

vice

.int

eraction

.W3C.has.rec

ognized

thi

.RES

.sty

.as.an.alt

ernative

.to.WSD

.Tri

ple

.Spac

.Com

puting

.[Bu

ssler

.05].is.bui

.on.top.of.sev

eral

.tec

hnologies:

.Tup

.Spac

.[Ge

lernter

.85]

.Pub

lish/Subscribe

.par

adigm

.[Eu

gster

.03]

.Sem

antic

.Web

and.RDF.[Vi

noski

.02]

.[Kl

yne

.04].Tup

.Spac

.emp

loys

.the.“pe

rsistently

.pub

lish

.and.rea

d”

.par

adigm

by.lev

eraging

.the.Tup

.Spac

.arc

hitecture

.and.API

.Fro

.an.arc

hitecture

.per

spective,

.Tri

ple

.Spac

Com

puting

.is,.in.ee

ct,

.bas

.on.the.nat

ural

.con

uence

.of.Asy

nchronous

.Bro

ker

.and.RES

Tful

.sty

les.

 e.basi

.int

eractions

.bet

ween

.ser

vice

.pro

vider

.and.req

uester

.are.rat

her

.str

aightforward:

.the.ser

vice

pro

vider

.can.“wri

te”

.one.or.mor

.tri

ples

.in.a.con

crete

.ide

ntied

.Tri

ple

.Spac

. e.ser

vice

.req

uester

is.abl

.to.“su

bscribe”

.tri

ples

.tha

.mat

.wit

.a.tem

plate

.spe

cied

.aga

inst

.its.int

erests

.in.a.par

ticular

con

crete

.Tri

ple

.Spac

.Whe

never

.the

.is.an.upd

ate

.in.the.spa

ces,

.the.Tri

ple

.Spac

.wil

.“no

tify”

.rel

ated

ser

vice

.req

uesters

.ind

icating

.tha

.the

.are.tri

ples

.ava

ilable

.tha

.mat

.the.tem

plate

.spe

cied

.in.its.pre

ceding

.su

bscription,

.as.sh

own

.in.Fi

gure

.65

.1.

Semantic Web Services for Manufacturing Industry 65-7

 e. notied. service. requesters. “read”. triples. that. match. with. the. template. within. a. particular.

transaction.or.the.entire.concrete.space,.and.further.process.the.triples.accordingly..It.provides.intel-

ligent

.middleware.(broker.like),.to.manage.the.spaces.without.requesting.each.service.provider.and.

requester.to.either.download.or.search.through.the.entire.space..Moreover,.it.needs.to.provide.secu-

rity

.and.trust.while.keeping.the.system.scalable.and.the.usage.simple..[Krummenacher.05].proposed.a.

minimal.architecture.for.such.provider.middleware..[Bussler.05].identied.a.number.of.requirements.

for.Triple.Spaces.(providers):.autonomy.(including.four.basic.forms.of.autonomy,.viz.,.time,.location,.

reference,.and.data.schema),.simplicity,.eciency,.scalability,.decentralized.architecture,.security.and.

trust.mechanisms,.persistent.communications,.and.history..In.order.to.overcome.the.lack.of.support.for.

semantics-aware.matching,.Triple.Space.utilizes.RDF.to.represent.and.match.the.machine-processable.

semantics..It.is.a.promising,.if.immature,.Web.services.architectural.style.and.may.represent.the.future.

paradigm.for.designing.and.implementing.a.truly.service-oriented.architecture..Based.on.our.analysis.

and.the.criticism.from.the.literature,.we.develop.an.SOA.architectural.design.with.the.extended.“Web-

Oriented”

.style..[Dillon.07b],.based.on.the.extension.of.the.triple.space.paradigm..We.think.of.the.Web.

as.a.platform.of.services,.and.applications.are.built.by.composing.services..We.utilize.Web.2.0.ideas.in.

developing.these.compositions..In.current.Web2.0.settings,.service.composition.comes.as.the.Mashup,.

Request

Crawler

Work2Wiki

Knowledge

base

Indexing

manager

Wiki

server

Indices

Feedback

Feed cache

Wiki and atom

protocol

Polling handler

Http router

SP UI

SR UI

Cluster

Matching

engine

Agent

Cluster

space

Cluster

space

Cluster

3. Notify

4. Read (find)

1. Write

(publish)

DES cluster space

DES space

operator

Cluster

space

Inter-space

protocol

Agent

Searching handler

Agent

Work

Response/data flow Connector

Component

2. Subscribe

(discover)

FIGURE 65.1 SOA-based.system.architecture.for.multisite.production.

65-8 Industrial Communication Systems

i.e.,Webapplications.that.combine.information.from.several.sources.and.provided.through.simple.Web.

API

. ey.aid.lif

ecycle

.man

agement

.of.the.sel

f-organized,

.dyn

amic

.Ser

vice

.Spac

.Mas

hup

.hel

.to.

for

.the.Vir

tual

.Org

anization.

.We.di

erentiate

.bet

ween

.Ser

vice

.mas

hup

.(da

.lev

el)

.and.Use

.mas

hup

(me

ta-data

.lev

el)

.[Di

llon

.07a

,07b]

.and.wil

.uti

lize

.bot

.in.our.app

roach

.to.Web.ser

vices

.com

position.

Not

.in.thi

.way

.mas

hups

.wil

.rep

lace

.the.slo

.and.lumb

ering

.app

roach

.to.wor

kow

.man

agement

.in.

tra

ditional

.We

.se

rvice

.ap

proaches.

.An.ex

ample

.of.se

rvice

.ma

shup

.is.sh

own

.in.Fi

gure

.65

.2.

65.3.3 Customizations of Product and Materials Flow Monitoring

In.order.to.achieve.these.twin.aims,.we.employ.RFID.Technology.. is.is.chosen.over.client.site.work-

stations

.and.bar

code

.rea

ders

.as.it.can.be.ex

ibly

.dep

loyed

.at.wid

ely

.var

ying

.site

.or.new.site

.and.is.les

dep

endent

.on.an.exa

.ori

entation

.of.pre

sentation

.of.the.bar

code

.to.the.rea

der

.and.can.be.emp

loyed

.in.

the.pre

sence

.of.emp

loyees

.wit

.rel

atively

.poo

.com

puter

.lit

eracy.

. e.use.of.RFI

.tec

hnology

.ess

entially

req

uires

.the.use

.of.RFI

.dev

ices

.and.ant

ennas.

. e.RFI

.dev

ices

.wil

.be.embe

dded

.in.a.par

ticular

cus

tomized

.pro

duct

.tha

.is.bei

.pro

duced

.and.it.cou

.car

.inf

ormation

.and.rul

.on.the.nex

.ste

.in.

the.pro

cess

.tha

.nee

.to.be.car

ried

.out.wit

.the.pro

duct

.its

elf.

.Suc

.an.app

roach

.has.alr

eady

.bee

.tri

aled

wit

.the.auto

motive

.ind

ustry

.and.in.the.pro

duction

.of.ele

ctronic

.boa

rds

.by.IBM

.In.add

ition,

.it.can.be.

use

.to.mo

nitor

.th

.mo

vement,

.o

.sto

rage,

.an

.co

nsumption

.of.ma

terials.

Also

.RFI

.tec

hnology

.wil

.all

.the.det

ermination

.of.the.pre

cise

.qua

ntities

.of.cer

tain

.mat

erials

.and.

com

ponents

.at.a.giv

.site.ee

ctively.

. is.las

.fac

tor

.is.of.con

siderable

.imp

ortance

.as.the.ass

embly

.of.

the.pro

ducts

.wil

.fre

quently

.req

uire

.the.mov

ement

.of.spe

cialized

.sta



.to.the.rem

ote

.site.to.hel

.car

ryout

cer

tain

.tas

.and.it.wou

.be.ext

remely

.cos

tly

.if.the

.wer

.sitt

ing

.aro

und

.doi

.not

hing

.bec

ause

.cer

tain

com

ponent

.nec

essary

.for.som

.sta

.of.the.wor

.are.not.pre

sent

.at.the.site

.In.add

ition,

.to.the.act

ual

gat

hering

.of.dat

.and.inf

ormation,

.whi

.can.be.don

.by.RFI

.tec

hnology,

.it.is.nec

essary

.to.uti

lize

.thi

inf

ormation

.to.bui

.a.pic

ture

.of.the.sta

.of.the.ove

rall

.sta

.of.pro

duction.

.Her

.we.int

end

.to.exp

lore

two.app

roaches

.cre

ating

.a.vir

tual

.rep

resentation

.of.an.RFI

.tag.wit

hin

.the.fra

mework

.of.a.Web.ser

vice.

Suc

.an.app

roach

.has.bee

.att

empted

.rec

ently

.by.[Ch

.07].for.the.simp

ler

.pro

blem

.of.war

ehouse

.inv

en-

tory

.ma

nagement.

FIGURE 65.2 An.example.of.service.mashup.

Semantic Web Services for Manufacturing Industry 65-9

65.3.4 Optimization

 e.process.ows.are.represented.as.network.ow.graphs.representing.all.the.data.and.process.depen-

dencies.

.A.cost.will.be.asso

ciated

.with.each.bran

.of.the.grap

.repr

esenting

.the.cost.of.the.proc

ess

in.the.real.worl

.All.cons

traints

.incl

uding

.reso

urce

.cons

traints

.and.depe

ndencies

.will.then.be.repr

sented.

.Give

.that.some.of.thes

.coul

.be.line

.or.even.perh

aps

.nonl

inear,

.the.netw

ork

.ow.optim

iza-

tion

.meth

ods

.used.in.[Sjel

vgren

.83].can.be.used.for.the.optim

ization

.of.the.prob

lem.

. e.meth

ods

.have.

been.show

.to.capa

ble

.of.deal

ing

.with.prob

lems

.with.over.20,0

.vari

ables

.and.limi

ted

.sets.of.nonl

inear

cons

traints

.and.curr

ently

.cons

titute

.the.most.wide

.used.meth

ods

.worl

dwide

.by.the.powe

.indu

stry

.for.

medi

.ter

.opti

mization

.of.hyd

rothermal

.sys

tems.

65.3.5 Data, Process and timing Consistency and Conformance

 e.model.proposed.in.this.chapter.utilizes.Colored.Petri.Net.(CPN).[Jensen.96],.which.will.enable.

us.to.repr

esent

.proc

esses

.and.subs

ystems

.invo

lving

.comp

lex

.prec

onditions,

.mult

iple

.thre

ads

.of.exec

tion,

.and.allo

.the.use.of.guar

.to.enfo

rce

.secu

rity

.cond

itions.

. e.CPNs.also.have.clea

rly

.den

sema

ntics.

.As.they.are.a.high.leve

.Net.that.allo

.fold

ing

.of.the.Net,.this.help

.deal.with.the.prob

lem

.of.

dime

nsionality

.and.allo

.scal

ing

.up.of.the.mode

.CPN.is.the.high.leve

.Petr

.net,.whic

.allo

.for.the.

repr

esentation

.of.the.mult

ilevel

.beha

vioral

.abst

ractions

.thro

ugh

.plac

e/transition

.ren

ements.

.It.allo

the.use.of.colo

red

.token

.comp

lex

.pred

icates

.asso

ciated

.with.tran

sitions,

.and.the.use.of.guar

.to.con-

rol

.the.enab

ling

.of.tran

sitions

.befo

.rin

. e.adva

ntages

.incl

ude

.avoi

ding

.clut

tering

.the.diag

ram-

matic

.rep

resentation

.wit

.exc

essive

.for

malism.

.appr

oach

.has.four.char

acteristics

.on.the.enco

ding:

.(1).even

.with.asso

ciated

.pre/

post-conditions,

(2).indi

vidual

.meth

ods

.that.are.acti

vated

.to.serv

ice

.even

ts,

.(3).ow.of.cont

rol

.and.data.with

.the.sys-

em,

.and.(4).inte

ractions

.betw

een

.the.cont

rolled

.comp

onent

.proc

esses

.and.the.inte

rface,

.incl

uding

.the.

inst

ance

.data.and.meth

od.

.In.cont

rast,

.the.doma

in-specic

.beha

vioral

.aspe

cts

.rela

.to.the.sequ

encing

of.even

.and.the.sati

sfaction

.of.the.pre-.and.post

-conditions

.rela

ted

.to.a.spec

ic

.serv

ice

.inte

rface

.at.the.

righ

.poin

.in.the.sequ

encing.

. e.auth

ors

.have.prev

ious

.expe

rience

.at.mode

ling

.FMS.syst

ems

.using.

high

-level

.Pet

.net

.[Zu

rawski

.92].and.Int

.Obje

.Int

eractions

.usin

.CPN

.[Ha

nish

.97]

65.3.6 Customer-Centered Design through the Concept of Customer Value

It.is.important.in.the.design.of.the.systems.and.techniques.that.there.is.not.only.a.manufacturer,.con-

structor,

.and.deve

loper

.view.embed

ded

.in.the.syst

em,

.but.also.a.custo

mer-centered

.view

.We.inte

.to.

inco

rporate

.this.custo

mer-centered

.view.thro

ugh

.the.use.of.the.noti

.of.custo

mer

.valu

.and.also.to.

carr

.out.the.set

ting

.up.of.the.cas

.stu

dies

.inc

orporating

.the

.ide

.of.cus

tomer

.val

ue.

.appr

oach

.in.this.chap

ter

.is.vita

.to.the.manu

facturing

.and.cons

truction

.indu

stries

.in.which.ther

.are.

seve

.shor

tages,

.and.in.the.IT.indu

stry

.in.the.area.of.onto

logy

.engi

neering.

. is.is.evid

enced

.by.the.enor

mous

.numb

.of.unl

led

.acad

emic

.posi

tions

.and.also.the.lack.of.qual

ity

.proj

ect

.mana

gers

.in.indu

stry.

. is.

is.part

icularly

.the.case.wher

.mult

isite

.prod

uction

.is.bein

.wide

.carr

ied

.out.in.Aust

ralia

.and.worl

dwide.

65.4 Conclusion

In.this.chapter,.we.proposed.a.recongurable.multisite.production.system.supported.by.a.number.of.key.

emer

gent

.tech

nologies:

.Sema

ntic

.Web.(i.e

.ontol

ogy

.arch

itecture),

.Web.2.0,.and.Web.serv

ices

.tech

nolo-

gies.

. e.prop

osed

.solu

tion

.aims.to.solv

.two.key.issu

.duri

.the.manu

facturing

.proc

esses:

.custo

ization

.of.prod

ucts

.and.mult

isite

.prod

uction.

. is.enab

les

.a.mode

.manu

facturing

.syst

.to.carr

.out.

manu

facturing

.and.ass

embly

.to.var

ying

.lev

els

.of.gra

nularity

.at.mul

tiple

.site

.and.to.cre

ate

.majo

.pro

uct

.comp

onents

.thro

ugh

.the.asse

mbly

.of.subc

omponents

.sour

ced

.from.die

rent

.prod

ucers

.or.facto

ries

.a.hig

hly

.ex

ible

.man

ner.