Wilamowski B.M., Irwin J.D. The Industrial Electronics Handbook. Second Edition: Industrial Communication Systems

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

64-1

64.1 Introduction

A.static.Web.site,.which.is.generally.written.in.HTML,.does.not.provide.functionality.to.dynamically.

extr

act

.info

rmation

.and.to.store.it.in.a.data

base

.[WT0

8].

.Dyna

mic

.Web.sites.inte

ract

.dyna

mically

.with.

clie

nts

.by.taki

.requ

ests

.from.clie

nts.

.When.rece

iving

.requ

ests

.from.a.clie

nt,

.a.serv

.inte

racts

.with.a.

data

base

.to.extr

act

.requ

ired

.info

rmation,

.form

ats

.info

rmation,

.and.send

.it.back.to.the.clie

nt.

.HTML.

alon

.does.not.prov

ide

.the.func

tionality

.need

.for.a.dyna

mic,

.inte

ractive

.envi

ronment.

.Addi

tional

tech

nologies

.are.used.to.impl

ement

.the.dyna

mic

.beha

vior

.both.on.the.clie

.side.(insi

.a.Web.brow

ser)

and.on.the.serv

.side.to.rend

.a.web.page.dyna

mically.

.Most.comm

.netw

ork

.prog

ramming

.tools.

used.for.deve

loping

.dyna

mic

.Web.sites.on.the.clie

.side.are.Java

Script,

.and.Java.or.Acti

veX

.appl

ets.

Most.comm

.tools.on.the.serv

.side.are.PHP,.Sun.Micr

osystems’

.Java.Serv

.Page

.Java.Serv

lets,

Micr

oso

.Acti

.Serv

.Page

.(APS

)

.tech

nology,

.and.Comm

.Gate

way

.Inte

rface

.(CGI

)

.scri

pts

.using.

scri

pting

.lang

uages

.such.as.PERL.and.Java

Script,

.Acti

veX

.and.Pyth

on,

.or.prec

ompiled

.bina

.prog

rams.

Communication

.thro

ugh

.comp

uter

.netw

orks

.has.beco

.a.popu

lar

.and.eci

ent

.mean

.of.comp

ut-

ing

.and.simul

ation.

.Most.comp

anies

.and.rese

arch

.inst

itutions

.use.netw

orks

.to.some.exte

.on.a.regu

lar

basi

.[W10

.Comp

uter

.netw

orks

.prov

ide

.abil

ity

.to.acces

.all.kind

.of.info

rmation

.and.made.avail

able

from.all.arou

.the.worl

.and.intr

anet

.netw

orks

.prov

ide

.conn

ectivity

.for.a.smal

ler,

.more.isol

ated

doma

.like.a.comp

any

.or.a.scho

ol.

.User

.can.run.sow

are

.thro

ugh

.comp

uter

.netw

orks

.by.inte

racting

with.use

.int

erface.

.Sim

ulation

.thr

ough

.com

puter

.net

works

.has.sev

eral

.ben

ets:

•

. Univ

ersal user interface on every system:

.Ever

.syst

.can.run.sow

are

.simul

ation

.with.a.web.

brow

ser

.thr

ough

.use

.int

erface.

•

. Port

ability:

. Sow

are

. loca

ted

. only. on. the. cent

. mach

ine

. can. be. acce

ssed

. at. any. time. and.

ever

ywhere.

•

. Sow

are protection:

.Use

.can.run.so

ware

.thr

ough

.com

puter

.net

works

.but.can

not

.own.it.

Running Software

over Internet

64.1. Introduction.....................................................................................64-1

64.2

. Most.Com

monly

.Use

.Net

work

.Pro

gramming

.Too

ls..............64-2

Hypertext.Markup.Language. •. JavaScript. •. Java. •. ActiveX. •. .

CORBA.and.DCOM. •. Common.Gateway.Interface. •. PERL. •. PHP

64.3. Examples...........................................................................................64-5

Neural.Network.Trainer.through.Computer.Networks. •. Web-Based.

C++.Compiler. •. SPICE-Based.Circuit.Analysis.Using.Web.Pages

64.4. Summary.and.Conclusion............................................................64-11

References...................................................................................................64-11

Nam Pham

Auburn University

Bogdan M.

Wilamowski

Auburn University

Aleksander

Malinowski

Bradley University

64-2 Industrial Communication Systems

•. Limitation:.Soware.can.interact.with.any.platform.that.is.independent.of.the.operation.systems,.

user

.do.not.have.to.set.up.or.con

gure

.sow

are

.unle

.it.is.impl

emented

.on.the.serv

.in.the.form.

of.stor

.use

.pro

le.

•

. Legac

y soware:

.Old.sow

are

.can.be.run.in.a.dedi

cated

.envi

ronment

.on.the.serv

.whil

.its.new.

user.inte

rface

.runs.thro

ugh

.a.web.brow

ser

.on.new.syst

ems

.for.whic

.the.part

icular

.appl

ication

is.not.ava

ilable.

•

. Remo

te control:

.Com

puter

.net

works

.are.use

.to.con

trol

.obje

cts

.rem

otely.

.Inte

rnet

.band

width

.is.alre

ady

.adeq

uate

.for.many.sow

are

.appl

ications

.if.thei

.data.ow.is.care

fully

desig

ned.

.Furt

hermore,

.the.band

width

.limi

tation

.will.signi

cantly

.impr

ove

.with.time

. e.key.issu

is.to.solve.problems.associated.with.a.new.way.of.soware.development.so.that.application.of.soware.

will.be.possi

ble

.thro

ugh

.the.Inte

rnet

.and.Intr

anet.

.It.is.ther

efore

.impo

rtant

.to.deve

lop

.meth

ods

.that.

take.adva

ntage

.of.netw

orks

.and.then.plat

form

.inde

pendent

.brow

sers.

. is.woul

.requ

ire

.solv

ing

.seve

ral

issu

.suc

.as

•

. Mini

mization

.of.the.amo

unt

.of.dat

.tha

.mus

.be.sen

.thr

ough

.the.net

work

•

. Task.par

titioning

.bet

ween

.the.ser

ver

.and.cli

ent

•

. Sele

ction

.of.pro

gramming

.tool

.use

.for.var

ious

.tas

•

. Deve

lopment

.of.spe

cial

.use

.int

erfaces

•

. Use.of.mul

tiple

.ser

vers

.dis

tributed

.aro

und

.the.wor

.and.job.sha

ring

.amo

.the

•

. Security.and.account.handling

•

. Port

ability

.of.so

ware

.use

.on.ser

vers

.and.cli

ents

•

. Dist

ributing

.and.ins

talling

.net

work

.pac

kages

.on.sev

eral

.ser

vers

•

. Othe

64.2 Most Commonly Used Network Programming tools

For.implementation,.several.dierent.languages.must.be.used.simultaneously.. e.following.sections.

revi

.the

.lan

guages

.and.sco

pes

.of.the

.app

lication

.[W1

0].

64.2.1 Hypertext Markup Language

Hypertext.Markup.Language.(HTML).was.originally.designed.to.describe.a.document.layout.regard-

less

.of.the.dis

playing

.dev

ice,

.its.size

.and.oth

.pro

perties.

.It.can.be.inc

orporated

.into.net

worked

.app

li-

cation

.fron

t-end

.deve

lopment

.eith

.to.crea

.form

-based

.dial

.boxe

.or.as.a.tool.for.den

ing

.the.

layo

.of.an.inte

rface,

.or.wrap

around

.for.Java.appl

ets

.or.Acti

veX

.comp

onents.

.In.a.way,.HTML.can.

be.clas

sied

.as.a.prog

ramming

.lang

uage

.beca

use

.the.docu

ment

.is.disp

layed

.as.a.resu

.of.the.exec

tion

.of.its.code

.In.addi

tion,

.scri

pting

.lang

uage

.can.be.used.to.den

.simpl

.inte

ractions

.betw

een

.a.

user.and.HTML.comp

onents.

.Seve

ral

.impr

ovements

.to.the.stan

dard

.lang

uage

.are.avai

lable:

.casc

ading

styl

.shee

.(CSS

)

.allo

.very.prec

ise

.desc

ription

.of.the.grap

hical

.view.of.the.user.inte

rface;

.comp

ressed

HTML.allo

.band

width

.cons

ervation

.but.can.only.be.used.by.Micr

oso

.Inte

rnet

.Expl

orer.

.HTML.is.

also.used.dire

ctly

.as.it.was.orig

inally

.inte

nded—as

.a.publ

ishing

.tool.for.inst

ruction

.and.help.les.that.

are.bun

dled

.wit

.the.so

ware

.[W1

0].

64.2.2 JavaScript

HTML.itself.lacks.even.basic.programming.construction.such.as.conditional.statements.or.loops..A.few.

scri

pting

.inte

rpretive

.lang

uages

.were.deve

loped

.to.allo

.for.use.of.prog

ramming

.in.HTML

. ey.can.be.

clas

sied

.as.exte

nsions

.of.HTML.and.are.used.to.mani

pulate

.or.dyna

mically

.crea

.port

ions

.of.HTML.

code

.One.of.the.most.popu

lar

.amon

.them.is.Java

Script.

. e.only.draw

back

.is.that.alth

ough

.Java

Script

Running Software over Internet 64-3

is.already.well.developed,.still.there.is.no.one.uniform.standard..Dierent.web.browsers.may.vary.a.little.

in.the.ava

ilable

.fun

ctions.

.Jav

aScript

.is.an.int

erpretative

.lan

guage

.and.the.scr

ipts

.are.run.as.the.web.pag

.is.

dow

nloaded

.and.dis

played.

. ere.is.no.str

ong

.dat

.typ

ing

.or.fun

ction

.pro

totyping.

.Yet.the.lan

guage

inc

ludes

. sup

port

. for. obje

. ori

ented

. pro

gramming

. wit

. dyn

amically

. cha

nging

. mem

ber

. fun

ctions.

Jav

aScript

.pro

grams

.can.als

.com

municate

.wit

.Jav

.app

lets

.tha

.are.emb

edded

.int

.an.HTM

.pag

JavaScript

.is.par

.of.the.HTM

.cod

.It.can.be.pla

ced

.in.bot

.the.hea

der

.and.bod

.of.a.web.pag

. e.

scr

ipt

.sta

rts

.wit

.<sc

ript language="JavaScript">

.lin

.One.of.the.mos

.use

ful

.app

lications

of.Jav

aScript

.is.ver

ication

.of.the.ll

.for

.bef

ore

.it.is.sub

mitted

.onl

ine.

. at.all

ows

.for.imm

ediate

fee

dback

.an

.pr

eserves

.th

.In

ternet

.ba

ndwidth

.as.we

.as.lo

wers

.th

.we

.se

rver

.lo

.[W

10].

JavaScript

.has.cer

tain

.lim

itations

.due.to.the.sec

urity

.mod

.of.its.imp

lementation

.by.a.Web.bro

wser.

One.of.tho

.lim

itations

.is.ina

bility

.to.ret

rieve

.dat

.on.dem

and

.dyn

amically

.fro

.the.ser

ver.

. is.was.

cha

nged

.by.add

ing

.a.new.lib

rary

.tha

.is.typ

ically

.ref

erred

.to.by.the.nam

.of.Aja

.Tec

hnology.

.Aja

.tec

nology

.all

ows

.a.Jav

aScript

.pro

gram

.embe

dded

.insi

.a.web.pag

.to.ret

rieve

.add

itional

.doc

uments

.or.

web.pag

.fro

.the.ser

ver,

.stor

.the

.as.loc

.var

iables,

.and.par

.the

.in.ord

.to.ret

rieve

.dat

.and.use.

it.for.dyn

amic

.alt

eration

.of.the.web.pag

.whe

.the.Jav

aScript

.is.embe

dded.

. e.add

itional

.dat

.is.typ

cally

.gen

erated

.on.the.ser

ver

.by.mea

.of.ASP.or.CGI.use

.to.int

erface

.the.Aja

.que

.to.the.dat

abase

on.the.ser

ver.

.Dat

.is.the

.sen

.bac

.typ

ically

.in.the.for

mat

.of.an.XML.for

matted

.web.pag

.Typ

ically,

eve

ryday

.app

lication

.of.thi

.tec

hnology

.is.an.auto

-complete

.sug

gestion

.lis

.in.a.web.pag

.for

.for.

exa

mple

.au

to-complete

.su

ggestions

.in.a.se

arch

.en

gine

.we

.pa

.be

fore

.a.us

.cl

icks

.th

.se

arch

.bu

tton.

64.2.3 Java

Java.is.an.object-oriented.programming.language.compiled.in.two.stages.. e.rst.stage.of.compi-

lation,

.to.so-

called

.byt

e-code,

.is.per

formed

.duri

.the.cod

.dev

elopment.

.Byt

e-code

.can.be.com

pared

.to.mac

hine

.cod

.ins

tructions

.for.a.mic

roprocessor.

.Bec

ause

.no.pro

cessor

.und

erstands

.dir

ectly

byt

e-code

.ins

tructions,

.int

erpreters,

.cal

led

.Jav

.Vir

tual

.Mac

hines

.(JV

M),

.were.dev

eloped

.for.var

ious

mic

roprocessors

.and.ope

rating

.sys

tems.

.At.som

.poi

nt,

.JVM.were.impr

oved

.so.tha

.ins

tead

.of.int

er-

preting

.the.cod

.the

.do.per

form

.the.sec

ond

.sta

.of.compi

lation,

.dir

ectly

.to.the.mac

hine

.lan

guage.

Howe

ver,

.to.cut.dow

.the.ini

tial

.tim

.to.run.the.pro

gram,

.the.compi

lation

.is.don

.onl

.as.nec

essary

(ju

.in.tim

.(JI

T)),

.and.the

.is.no.tim

.for.ext

ensive

.cod

.opt

imization.

.At.cur

rent

.sta

.of.the.art.of.

JIT.tech

nology,

.pro

grams

.wri

tten

.in.Java.run.abo

.two.to.ve.tim

.slo

wer

.tha

.the

.C++.cou

nterparts.

Add

ing

.a.JVM.to.a.web.bro

wser

.all

owed

.embe

dding

.so

ware

.com

ponents

.tha

.cou

.be.run.on.di

erent

pla

tforms

.[W1

0].

64.2.4 activeX

Microso.developed.ActiveX.is.another.technology.allowing.for.the.automatic.transfer.of.soware.over.

the.net

work.

.Act

iveX,

.how

ever,

.can.be.exe

cuted

.pre

sently

.onl

.on.a.PC.wit

.a.Wind

ows

.ope

rating

sys

tem,

.thu

.mak

ing

.the.app

lication

.pla

tform

.dep

endent.

.Alt

hough

.thi

.tec

hnology

.is.ver

.pop

ular

alr

eady,

.it.doe

.not.all

.for.the.dev

elopment

.of.app

lications

.run

ning

.on.mul

tiple

.pla

tforms.

.Act

iveX

com

ponents

.can.be.dev

eloped

.in.Mic

roso

.Vis

ual

.Basi

.or.Mic

roso

.Vis

ual

.C++

. er

.is.the.onl

cho

ice

.in.cas

.whe

.Jav

.is.too.slo

.or.whe

.som

.acc

ess

.to.the.ope

rating

.sys

tem

.fun

ctionality

.or.

dev

ices

.sup

ported

.onl

.by.Wind

ows

.OS.is.nec

essary.

. e.eas

.acc

ess

.to.the.ope

rating

.sys

tem

.for

an.Act

iveX

.com

ponent

.mak

.it.imp

ossible

.to.pro

vide

.add

itional

.sec

urity

.by.lim

iting

.the.fea

tures

.or.

res

ources

.av

ailable

.to.th

.co

mponents

.[W

10].

64.2.5 COrBa and DCOM

Common.Object.Request.Broker.Architecture.(CORBA).is.a.technology.developed.in.the.early.1990s.

for.net

work

.dis

tributed

.app

lications.

.It.is.a.pro

tocol

.for.han

dling

.dis

tributed

.dat

.whi

.has.to.be.

64-4 Industrial Communication Systems

exchanged.among.multiple.platforms..A.CORBA.server.or.servers.must.be.installed.to.access.distrib-

uted

.dat

.COR

.in.a.way.can.be.con

sidered

.as.a.ver

.hig

h-level

.app

lication

.pro

gramming

.int

erface

(AP

I).

.It.all

ows

.sen

ding

.dat

.ove

.the.net

work,

.sha

ring

.loc

.dat

.tha

.are.reg

istered

.wit

.the.COR

ser

ver

.amo

.mul

tiple

.pro

grams.

.Mic

roso

.dev

eloped

.its.own.pro

prietary

.API.tha

.wor

.onl

.in.the.

Wind

ows

.op

erating

.sy

stem.

.It.is.ca

lled

.DC

.an

.ca

.be.us

.on

.in.Ac

tiveX

.te

chnology

.[W

10].

64.2.6 Common Gateway Interface

Common.Gateway.Interface.(CGI).can.be.used.for.the.dynamic.creation.of.web.pages..Such.dynamically.

cre

ated

.pag

.are.an.exc

ellent

.int

erface

.bet

ween

.a.use

.and.an.app

lication

.run.on.the.ser

ver.

.CGI.pro

gram

.is.exe

cuted

.whe

.a.for

.embe

dded

.in.HTM

.is.sub

mitted

.or.whe

.a.pro

gram

.is.ref

erred

.dir

ectly

via.a.web.pag

.lin

. e.web.ser

ver

.tha

.rec

eives

.a.req

uest

.is.cap

able

.of.dis

tinguishing

.whe

ther

.it.sho

uld

ret

urn

.a.web.pag

.tha

.is.alr

eady

.pro

vided

.on.the.har

.dri

.or.run.a.pro

gram

.tha

.cre

ates

.one

.Any.suc

pro

gram

.can.be.cal

led

.a.CGI.scr

ipt.

.CGI.des

cribes

.a.var

iety

.of.pro

gramming

.tool

.and.str

ategies.

.All.

dat

.pro

cessing

.can.be.don

.by.one.pro

gram,

.or.one.or.mor

.oth

.pro

grams

.can.be.cal

led

.fro

.a.CGI.

scr

ipt.

. e.nam

.CGI.scr

ipt

.doe

.not.den

ote

.tha

.a.scr

ipting

.lan

guage

.mus

.be.use

.How

ever,

.dev

elop-

ers

.in.fa

.pr

efer

.sc

ripting

.la

nguages,

.an

.PE

.is.th

.mo

.po

pular

.on

.[W

10].

Because

.of.the.nat

ure

.of.the.pro

tocol

.tha

.all

ows

.for.tra

nsfer

.of.web.pag

.and.exe

cution

.of.CGI.

scr

ipts,

.the

.is.a.uni

que

.cha

llenge

.tha

.mus

.be.fac

.by.a.so

ware

.dev

eloper.

.Alt

hough

.use

.wor

king

wit

.CGI

-based

.pro

grams

.hav

.the.sam

.exp

ectations

.as.in.cas

.of.loc

.use

.int

erface,

.the.int

erface

mus

.be.desi

gned

.int

ernally

.in.an.ent

irely

.di

erent

.way

. e.web.tra

nsfer

.is.a.sta

teless

.pro

cess.

.It.mea

tha

.no.inf

ormation

.is.sen

.by.web.bro

wsers

.to.the.web.ser

vers

.tha

.ide

ntify

.eac

.use

.Eac

.tim

.the.

new.use

.int

erface

.is.sen

.as.a.web.pag

.it.mus

.con

tain

.all.inf

ormation

.abo

.the.cur

rent

.sta

.of.the.

pro

gram.

. at.sta

.is.rec

reated

.eac

.tim

.a.new.CGI.scr

ipt

.is.sen

.and.inc

reases

.the.net

work

.tra

c

.and.

tim

.la

tency

.ca

used

.by.li

mited

.ba

ndwidth

.an

.ti

.ne

cessary

.to.pr

ocess

.da

.on

.ag

ain.

.add

ition,

.the.ser

ver-side

.so

ware

.mus

.be.pre

pared

.for.inc

onsistent

.dat

.str

eams.

.For.exa

mple,

.a.

use

.can.bac

.o.thr

ough

.one.or.mor

.web.pag

.and.giv

.a.di

erent

.res

ponse

.to.a.par

ticular

.dia

log

.box

and.execute.the.same.CGI.script..At.the.time.of.the.second.execution.of.the.same.script,.the.data.sent.

bac

.wit

.the.req

uest

.may.alr

eady

.be.out.of.syn

chronization

.fro

.the.dat

.kept.on.the.ser

ver.

. er

efore,

add

itional

.val

idation

.mec

hanisms

.mus

.be.imp

lemented

.in.the.so

ware,

.whi

.is.not.nec

essary

.in.cas

of.a.sin

gle

.pr

ogram.

64.2.7 PErL

Practical.Extraction.Report.Language.(PERL).is.an.interpretive.language.dedicated.for.text.processing..

It.is.pri

marily

.use

.as.a.ver

.adv

anced

.scr

ipting

.lan

guage

.for.bat

.pro

gramming

.and.for.tex

.dat

pro

cessing.

.PER

.int

erpreters

.hav

.bee

.dev

eloped

.for.mos

.of.the.exi

sting

.com

puter

.pla

tforms

.and.

ope

rating

.sys

tems.

.Mod

ern

.PER

.int

erpreters

.are.in.fac

.not.int

erpreters

.but.com

pilers

.tha

.pre

-compile

the.wh

ole

.sc

ript

.be

fore

.ru

nning

.it

.PE

.wa

.or

iginally

.de

veloped

.fo

.Un

.as.a.sc

ripting

.la

nguage

.th

wou

.all

.for.auto

mation

.of.adm

inistrative

.tas

ks.

.It.has.man

.ver

.ec

ient

.str

ings,

.dat

.str

eams,

.and.

le.pro

cessing

.fun

ctions.

. os

.fun

ctions

.mak

.it.esp

ecially

.att

ractive

.for.CGI.pro

cessing

.tha

.dea

wit

.rea

ding

.dat

.fro

.the.net

worked

.str

eams,

.exe

cuting

.ext

ernal

.pro

grams,

.org

anizing

.dat

.and.in.

the.end.pro

ducing

.the.fee

dback

.to.the.use

.in.the.for

.of.a.tex

.bas

.HTM

.doc

ument

.tha

.is.sen

bac

.as.an.upd

ate

.of.the.use

.int

erface.

.Sup

port

.of.alm

ost

.any.pos

sible

.com

puting

.pla

tform

.and.OS,.and.

exi

stence

.of.ma

.pr

ogram

.li

braries

.ma

.it.a.pl

atform

.in

dependent

.too

.[W

10].

64.2.8 PHP

PHP,.a.server-side.scripting.language,.is.the.most.popular.technology.that.is.especially.suited.for.devel-

oping

.the.dyn

amic,

.int

eractive

.Web.sit

es.

.PHP

.whi

.ori

ginally

.sto

.for.“Pe

rsonal

.Hom

.Pag

e,”

.is.the.

Running Software over Internet 64-5

open-source.soware.initially.created.to.replace.a.small.set.of.PERL.scripts.that.had.been.used.in.Web.

site

.Grad

ually,

.PHP.beca

.a.gene

ral

.purp

ose

.scri

pting

.lang

uage

.that.is.used.espe

cially

.for.web.deve

lop-

ment

.and.now.call

.“Hyp

ertext

.Prep

rocessor.”

.PHP.is.embe

dded

.into.HTML.and.inte

rpreted

.on.a.web.

serv

.con

gured

.to.oper

ate

.PHP.scri

pts.

.PHP.is.a.serv

er-side

.scri

pting

.lang

uage

.simi

lar

.to.othe

.serv

er-

side

.scri

pting

.lang

uages

.like.Micr

oso’s

.Acti

.Serv

.Page

.and.Sun.Micr

osystems’

.Java.Serv

.Page

.or.

Java.Serv

lets.

.PHP.rese

mbles

.its.synt

.to.C.and.PERL

. e.main.die

rence

.betw

een

.PHP.and.PERL.lays.

in.the.set.of.stan

dard

.buil

t-in

.libr

aries

.that.supp

ort

.the.gene

ration

.of.HTML.code

.proc

essing

.data.from.

and.to.the.web.serv

er,

.and.hand

ling

.cook

ies

.[W10

.PHP.is.used.in.conj

unction

.with.datab

ase

.syst

ems,

such.as.Post

greSQL,

.Orac

le,

.and.MySQ

.to.crea

.the.powe

rful

.and.dyna

mic

.serv

er-side

.appl

ications.

.data

base

.come

.to.pict

ure

.when.it.come

.to.stori

.a.huge.amou

.of.info

rmation

.and.retr

iev-

ing

.back.when.it.is.need

.by.the.web.site.. e.data

base

.can.cont

ain

.info

rmation

.coll

ected

.from.the.

user.or.from.the.admi

nistrator.

.MySQ

.(wri

tten

.in.C.and.C++).is.an.open.sour

.rela

tional

.data

base

mana

gement

.syst

.(RDB

MS)

.that.is.base

.on.the.stru

cture

.quer

.lang

uage

.(SQL

)

.for.proc

essing

.data.

in.the.data

base

.and.mana

ges

.mult

i-user

.acce

.to.a.numbe

.of.data

bases.

.In.a.rela

tional

.data

base,

.ther

are.tabl

.that.store.data

. e.colu

mns

.den

.what.kind.of.info

rmation

.will.be.store

.in.the.tabl

.and.

a.row.cont

ains

.the.actu

.valu

.for.thes

.spec

ied

.colu

mns.

.MySQ

.work

.on.many.die

rent

.sys-

.plat

forms,

.incl

uding

.Linu

.Mac.OS.X,.Micr

oso

.Windo

ws,

.Open

Solaris,

.and.many.othe

rs.

.PHP.

(Hyp

ertext

.Prep

rocessor)

.and.MySQ

.(a.port

able

.SQL.serv

er)

.toget

her

.have.made.the.task.of.buil

ding

and.acc

essing

.the.rel

ational

.dat

abases

.muc

.easi

.[WL

04,U07].

64.3 Examples

With.the.increase.of.Internet.bandwidth,.the.World.Wide.Web.(WWW).could.revolutionize.design.

proc

esses

.by.ushe

ring

.in.an.area.of.pay-

per-use

.tools

.With.this.appr

oach,

.very.soph

isticated

.tools.will.

beco

.acce

ssible

.for.engi

neers

.in.larg

.and.smal

.busin

esses

.and.for.educ

ational

.and.rese

arch

.pro-

esses

.in.acad

emia.

.Curr

ently,

.such.soph

isticated

.syst

ems

.are.avai

lable

.only.for.spec

ialized

.comp

anies

with.lar

.na

ncial

.res

ources.

64.3.1 Neural Network trainer through Computer Networks

Several.neural.network.trainer.tools.are.available.on.the.market..One.of.the.freeware.available.tools.is.

“Stut

tgart

.Neur

.Netw

ork

.Simu

lator”

.base

.on.wide

.C.plat

form

.and.dist

ributed

.in.both.exec

utable

and.sour

.code.versi

on.

.Howe

ver,

.the.inst

allation

.of.this.tool.requ

ires

.cert

ain

.know

ledge

.of.comp

iling

and.sett

ing

.up.the.appl

ication.

.Also

.it.is.base

.on.XGUI.that.is.not.free

ware

.and.stil

.singl

.type.arch

tecture—Unix

.arc

hitecture

.[MW

M02].

During

.sow

are

.deve

lopment,

.it.is.impo

rtant

.to.just

ify

.whic

.part.of.the.sow

are

.shou

.run.on.the.

clie

.mach

ine

.and.whic

.part.shou

.run.on.the.serv

er.

.CGI.is.quit

.die

rent

.from.writ

ing

.Java.appl

ets.

Appl

ets

.are.tran

sferred

.thou

.a.netw

ork

.when.requ

ested

.and.the.exec

ution

.is.perf

ormed

.enti

rely

.on.

the.clie

.mach

ine

.that.made.a.requ

est.

.In.CGI,.much.less.info

rmation

.has.to.be.pass

.to.the.serv

er,

and.the.serv

.exec

utes

.inst

ructions

.base

.on.the.give

.info

rmation

.and.send

.the.resu

lts

.back.to.the.

loca

.mach

ine

.that.make

.the.requ

est.

.In.case.of.neur

.netw

ork

.trai

ner,

.it.only.make

.sens

.to.use.CGI.

for.the.trai

ning

.proc

ess.

.To.send.the.trai

ner

.sow

are

.thro

ugh

.comp

uter

.netw

orks

.for.ever

.requ

esting

time.is.not.a.wise.choi

.beca

use

.this.make

.the.trai

ning

.proc

ess

.slow

.and.sow

are

.is.not.prot

ected.

 ere

fore,

.it.is.imp

ortant

.to.dev

elop

.met

hods

.tha

.tak

.adv

antage

.of.net

works.

.trai

ning

.tool.curr

ently

.inco

rporates

.CGI,.PHP,.HTML

.and.Java

-Script.

.A.CGI.prog

ram

.is.exe-

uted

.on.a.serv

.when.it.rece

ives

.a.requ

est

.to.proc

ess

.info

rmation

.from.a.web.brow

ser.

.A.serv

.then.

deci

des

.if.a.requ

est

.shou

.be.gran

ted.

.If.the.auth

orization

.is.secu

red,

.a.serv

.exec

utes

.a.CGI.prog

ram

and.send

.the.resu

lts

.back.to.a.web.brow

ser

.that.requ

ested

.it.. e.trai

ner

.NBN.2.0.is.deve

loped

.base

on.Visu

.Studi

.6.0.using.C++.lang

uage

.host

ing

.on.a.serv

.and.inte

racting

.with.clie

nts

.thro

ugh

.PHP.

scri

pts.

.Its.mai

.int

erface

.is.sho

.in.Fig

ure

.64.

64-6 Industrial Communication Systems

 e.neural.network.interface.will.receive.requests.from.users.with.uploading.les.and.input.param-

eters

.to.generate.data.les.and.then.send.a.command.to.the.training.soware.on.the.server.machine..

When.all.data.requirements.are.set.up.properly,.the.training.process.will.start..Otherwise,.the.training.

tool.will.send.error.warnings.back.to.clients..If.the.training.process.is.successful,.the.training.result.will.

be.generated.. e.training.result.le.is.used.to.store.training.information.and.results.such.as.training.

algorithm,.training.pattern.le,.topology,.parameters,.initial.weights,.and.resultant.weights.(Figure.64.2).

1.0E+01

1.0E–00

1.0E–01

1.0E–02

1.0E–03

1.0E–04

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

FIGURE 64.1 User.interface.of.NBN.2.0.

1.0E+04

1.0E+03

1.0E+02

1.0E+01

1.0E–01

1.0E–00

1.0E–02

1.0E–03

1.0E–04

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Iteration [×50]

7 8 9 10

Parameters

Data file: parity4 in

Topology

Neurons

Initial weights

–0.0200 –0.2200

–0.9200

–0.3400

0.2000

0.2600 0.3800

0.0400

0.1400

0.5000

0.5000 –0.5600

–0.1200

–0.6400

–0.8800

–0.5600

–6.4887

–6.4869

–6.1057

–5.3840

7.2167 7.2210

40.822 –0.1793

–6.0018

–1.6357

–1.7794

20.2874

–20.5338

–20.4403

–20.5296

20.287

6.5580

Results weights

Training results

Total iteration: 501

Total error: 4.00000000

Training Time: 0

Biplor gain = 1.00, der = 0.01

5 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 5 6

NBN mu = 0.01000000 scale = 10.00000000

FIGURE 64.2 Training.results.

Running Software over Internet 64-7

 e.neural.network.trainer.can.be.used.remotely.through.any.network.connection.or.any.operating.

sys

tem

.can.be.use

.to.acc

ess

.it,.mak

ing

.the.appl

ication

.ope

rating

.sys

tem

.ind

ependent.

.Als

.muc

.les

ins

tallation

.tim

.and.con

guration

.tim

.is.req

uired

.bec

ause

.the.tra

ining

.too

.loc

ates

.onl

.on.cen

tral

mac

hine.

.Man

.use

.can.acc

ess

.at.the.sam

.tim

.Use

.can.tra

.and.see.the.tra

ining

.res

ults

.dir

ectly

thr

ough

.net

works.

.And.the.mos

.imp

ortant

.thi

.is.tha

.the.so

ware

.dev

elopers

.can.pro

tect

.the

.int

el-

lectual

.pro

perty

.whe

.net

work

.bro

wsers

.are.use

.as.use

.int

erfaces.

64.3.2 Web-Based C++ Compiler

During.the.process.of.soware.development,.more.than.one.compiler.package.is.frequently.required..

Som

.pro

ducts

.are.kno

.to.be.ver

.use

ful

.for.loc

ating

.err

ors

.or.deb

ugging,

.whi

.oth

ers

.per

form

ext

remely

.wel

.whe

.a.pro

gram

.or.lib

rary

.is.in.the.na

.sta

.of.dev

elopment

.and.sho

uld

.be.opti

mized

as.muc

.as.pos

sible.

.Als

.whe

.fac

ing

.obs

cure

.err

.mes

sages,

.whi

.may.res

ult

.in.a.tim

e-consuming

sea

rch

.for.the.err

or,

.a.di

erent

.err

.mes

sage

.fro

.the.sec

ond

.com

piler

.fre

quently

.cut

.tha

.tim

.dra

matically

.[M

W00].

 erefore,

.stu

dents

.sho

uld

.be.to.som

.ext

ent

.exp

osed

.to.di

erent

.com

pilers

.at.som

.poi

.in.the

so

ware

.cou

rses

.cur

riculum.

.Alt

hough

.all.nec

essary

.so

ware

.is.ins

talled

.in.the.com

puter

.lab

oratories,

mos

.stu

dents

.pre

fer

.to.wor

.on.the

.com

puters

.at.hom

.or.dor

mitory

.and.con

nect

.to.the.uni

versity

net

work.

. at.situ

ation

.cre

ates

.an.unn

ecessary

.bur

den

.eit

her

.for.the.net

work

.adm

inistrators

.who.hav

to.ins

tall

.add

itional

.so

ware

.on.man

.mac

hines

.of.non

-standard

.con

guration,

.or.on.stu

dents

.who.

mus

.pu

rchase

.an

.in

stall

.on.th

eir

.ow

.se

veral

.so

ware

.pa

ckages

.al

ong

.wi

.th

eir

.fu

.co

urse

.of.st

udy.

.ord

.to.sol

.the.pro

blem

.at.lea

.par

tially

.in.the.are

.of.pro

gramming,

.a.so

ware

.pac

kage

.was.

dev

eloped

.th

.al

lows

.fo

.we

b-based

.in

terfacing

.of.va

rious

.co

mpilers.

.We

b-page

.ba

sed

.fr

ont

.en

.al

lows

the

.to.acc

ess

.wit

hout

.any.res

trictions

.reg

arding

.the.com

puter

.sys

tem

.req

uirements,

.thu

.all

owing

.for.

the

.us

.on.di

erent

.op

erating

.sy

stem

.pl

atforms

.an

.al

.on.ol

der

.ma

chines

.wi

.le

sser

.pe

rformance.

.com

mon

.fro

.end.is.use

.for.all.com

pilers

.and.is.pre

sented

.in.Fig

ure

.64.

. is.HTM

.pag

.all

ows

for.sel

ecting

.a.ven

dor

.and.a.lan

guage,

.and.for.set

ting

.a.few.basi

.com

pilation

.opti

ons.

.Use

.use

.cop

and.pas

.com

mands

.to.ent

.the.sou

rce

.cod

.into.the.com

piler

.fro

.end

. er

.are.thr

.men

.loc

ated

under.the.source.code.area.as.shown.. e.middle.menu.is.used.to.select.the.programming.language.

FIGURE 64.3 e.common.Web-based.front-end.to.C++.compilers.

64-8 Industrial Communication Systems

while.the.right.menu.is.used.to.select.the.compiler.vendor..Currently.the.Intranet.Compilers.package.

sup

ports

.C,.C++

.Ada

.For

tran,

.Mod

ula,

.Pas

cal,

.and.Jav

.lan

guages.

.It.uti

lizes

.Min

.(Mi

nimalistic

GNU.for.Wind

ows

.ver

.3.4

.Bor

land

.(ve

.5.0

.and.Mic

roso

.(VS.200

.com

pilers

.for.C.and.C++

.com

piler

.fo

.Fo

rtran

.an

.Pa

scal,

.an

.Su

n’s

.JD

.(v

er.

.2.

.fo

.Ja

va.

One

.of.the.pre

set

.com

piling

.con

gurations

.can.be.sel

ected

.fro

.the.le.men

. e.use

.can.dec

ide

whe

ther

.agg

ressive

.bin

ary

.cod

.opti

mization

.or.str

ict

.err

.che

cking

.and.ASN

.sty

.vio

lation

.che

cking

are.nec

essary.

. e.com

piler

.ven

dor

.and.ver

sion

.can.be.sel

ected

.fro

.the.rig

.men

.In.cas

.of.sel

ecting

one.of.the.com

mercial

.com

pilers

.whi

.wor

king

.at.o-

campus

.loc

ation,

.the.use

.is.req

uested

.to.inp

.a.

pas

sword

.to.ve

rify

.hi

.or.he

.el

egibility

.to.us

.li

censed

.pr

oducts.

One

.of.the.majo

.adv

antages

.of.con

solidating

.mor

.tha

.one.com

piler

.is.the.abi

lity

.to.cro

ss-reference

err

.me

ssages

.am

ong

.di

erent

.ve

ndor

.pr

oducts

.us

.fr

.th

.sa

.in

terface.

. e.pr

ocess

.of.co

mpila-

tion

.is.per

formed

.in.bat

.mod

.Ae

.set

ting

.the.desi

red

.opti

ons

.and.pas

ting

.the.sou

rce

.cod

.into.the.

app

ropriate

.tex

.box

.the.tas

.can.be.sta

rted

.by.pre

ssing

.the.COM

PILE

.but

ton.

.As.a.res

ult,

.ano

ther

.web.

pag

.wit

.HTM

.wra

pped

.inf

ormation

.is.sen

.bac

.to.the.use

. e.res

ult

.pag

.is.dis

played

.in.ano

ther

bro

wser

.win

dow

.so.tha

.the.use

.can.cor

rect

.the.sou

rce

.cod

.in.the.ori

ginal

.win

dow

.and.res

ubmit

.it.if.

nec

essary

.(F

igure

.64

.4).

64.3.3 SPICE-Based Circuit analysis Using Web Pages

 e.common.problem.being.faced.by.many.electronic.engineers.in.the.industry.is.that.their.design.

tool

.oe

.ope

rate

.on.sev

eral

.di

erent

.pla

tforms

.suc

.as.UNI

.DOS

.Wind

ows

.95,.Wind

ows

.NT,.or.

on.Mac

intosh.

.Ano

ther

.lim

itation

.is.tha

.the.req

uired

.desi

.so

ware

.mus

.be.ins

talled

.and.a.lic

ense

pur

chased

.for.eac

.com

puter

.whe

.so

ware

.is.use

.Onl

.one.use

.int

erface

.han

dled

.by.a.net

work

bro

wser

.wou

.be.req

uired.

.Fur

thermore,

.ins

tead

.of.pur

chasing

.the.so

ware

.lic

ense

.for.eac

.com

puter,

ele

ctronic

.de

sign

.au

tomation

.(E

DA)

.too

.ca

.be.us

.on.a.pa

y-per-use

.ba

sis

.[W

MR01].

Network

.pro

gramming

.use

.dis

tributed

.res

ources.

.Par

.of.the.com

putation

.is.don

.on.the.ser

ver

.and.

ano

ther

.par

.on.the.cli

ent

.mac

hine.

.Cer

tain

.inf

ormation

.mus

.be.fre

quently

.sen

.bot

.way

.bet

ween

.the.

FIGURE 64.4 e.result.page.

Running Software over Internet 64-9

client.and.server..It.would.be.nice.to.follow.the.JAVA.applet.concept.and.have.most.of.the.computation.

don

.on.th

.cl

ient

.ma

chine.

. i

.ap

proach,

.ho

wever,

.is.no

.vi

sible

.fo

.th

ree

.ma

jor

.re

asons:

•

. EDA.pro

grams

.are.usu

ally

.ver

.lar

.and.thu

.not.pra

ctical

.to.be.sen

.ent

irely

.via.net

work

.as.

app

lets.

•

. So

ware

.de

velopers

.ar

.gi

ving

.aw

.th

eir

.so

ware

.wi

thout

.th

.ab

ility

.of.co

ntrolling

.it

.us

age.

•

. JAV

.ap

plets

.us

.on

-line

.an

.on.de

mand

.ar

.sl

ower

.th

.re

gular

.so

ware.

.Spic

.imp

lementation

.use

.in.thi

.pre

sentation

.is.jus

.one.exa

mple

.of.a.net

worked

.app

lication.

An.app

lication

.cal

led

.the.Spic

.Int

ernet

.Pac

kage

.has.bee

.dev

eloped

.for.use.thr

ough

.the.Int

ernet

.and.

Int

ranet

.net

works.

. e.SIP.pro

vides

.an.ope

rating

.sys

tem

.ind

ependent

.int

erface,

.whi

.all

ows

.Spic

simu

lation

.and.ana

lysis

.to.be.per

formed

.fro

.any.com

puter

.tha

.has.a.web.bro

wser

.on.the.Int

ernet

or.Int

ranet.

. e.SIP.has.a.use

r-friendly

.GUI.(Gr

aphical

.Use

.Int

erface)

.and.fea

tures

.inc

lude

.pas

sword

pro

tection

.and.use

.acc

ounts,

.loc

.or.rem

ote

.le

.for.simu

lation,

.edi

ting

.of.cir

cuit

.le

.whi

.vie

wing

simu

lation

.re

sults,

.an

alysis

.of.sim

ulated

.da

.in.th

.fo

.of.im

ages

.or.fo

rmatted

.te

xt.

.the.cas

.of.the.Spic

.Int

ernet

.it.wou

.be.imp

ossible

.to.sen

.the.Spic

.eng

ine

.thr

ough

.the.net

work

eve

.tim

.it.was.req

uested

.and.thi

.wou

.be.ext

remely

.slo

.Jav

.tec

hnology

.cou

.als

.be.use

.for.

fun

ctions

.lik

.gen

erating

.and.man

ipulating

.gra

phs

.and.imp

lementing

.the.GUI.on.the.cli

ent

.side

. e.

SIP.pro

gram

.cur

rently

.inc

orporates

.CGI

.PER

.HTM

.and.Jav

aScript.

.A.uni

que

.fea

ture

.of.the.SIP.

ver

sus

.oth

.Spic

.simu

lators

.is.tha

.it.is.ope

rating

.sys

tem

.ind

ependent.

.Any

one

.tha

.has.acc

ess

.to.the.

Internet.and.a.web.browser,.such.as.Mozilla.Firefox.or.MS.Internet.Explorer,.can.run.a.Spice.simulation.

and.vi

.th

.re

sults

.gr

aphically

.fr

.an

ywhere

.in.th

.wo

rld

.usi

.an

.op

erating

.sy

stem

.(F

igure

.64

.5).

.ser

ver

.is.con

gured

.to.acc

ept

.req

uests

.fro

.web.bro

wsers

.thr

ough

.net

work

.con

nections.

. e.

ser

ver

.pro

cesses

.the.req

uest

.for.Spic

.simu

lation

.or.ana

lysis

.and.ret

urns

.the.res

ults

.to.the.req

uesting

web.bro

wser

.as.an.HTM

.doc

ument.

. e.hea

.of.the.so

ware

.is.a.ser

ver-located

.PER

.scr

ipt.

. is.

scr

ipt

.is.exe

cuted

.rs

.whe

.the.use

.log

.in.to.SIP

. en.eac

.tim

.the.use

.sel

ects

.any.act

ivity,

.a.new.

dia

log

.box.in.the.for

.of.an.on-

the-y

.gen

erated

.Jav

aScript

.enh

anced

.HTM

.web.pag

.is.sen

.bac

Suc

.pag

.may.con

tain

.a.tex

.edi

tor,

.a.simu

lation

.rep

ort,

.a.gra

phic

.pos

tprocessor

.men

.or.gra

phic

ima

.of.plo

tted

.res

ults.

.To.com

plete

.som

.tas

ks,

.the.PER

.scr

ipt

.may.run.add

itional

.pro

grams

.ins

talled

onl

.for.the.ser

ver

.suc

.as.the.mai

.CAD.pro

gram,

.i.e

.Ber

keley

.Spic

.Gnu

Plot,

.whi

.gen

erates

.plo

ts;

and.som

.uti

lity

.pro

grams

.(ne

tpbmp)

.to.con

vert

.plo

tter

.le

.into.sta

ndard

.ima

ges

.rec

ognized

.by.all.

gra

phical

.we

.br

owsers.

FIGURE 64.5 Graphical.user.interface.for.SIP.package.

64-10 Industrial Communication Systems

SIP.is.a.very.good.example.for.network.trac.considerations.. e.amount.of.data.produced.by.a.single.

sim

ulation

.may.di

.sig

nicantly

.fro

.a.few.hun

dred

.byt

.to.a.few.hun

dred

.KB,.dep

ending

.on.the.

num

ber

.of.sim

ulation

.ste

.req

uested.

.In.cas

.of.lar

.dat

.le

.it.is.bet

ter

.to.gen

erate

.gra

phical

.ima

ges

of.plo

.and.sen

.the

.to.the.use

.Use

.fre

quently

.ins

pect

.the.obta

ined

.res

ults

.a.few.tim

es,

.for.exa

mple,

by.cha

nging

.the.ran

.or.var

iables

.to.dis

play.

.In.the.cas

.whe

.the

.may.be.man

.req

uests

.for.di

erent

plo

.of.the.sam

.dat

.it.cou

.be.bet

ter

.to.sen

.the.dat

.onc

.tog

ether

.wit

.a.cus

tom

.Jav

.app

let

.tha

cou

.dis

play

.the.sam

.inf

ormation

.in.man

.di

erent

.for

.wit

hout

.fur

ther

.com

municating

.wit

.the.

ser

ver.

Several

.fea

tures

.mak

.the.Spic

.Int

ernet

.Pac

kage

.a.desi

rable

.pro

gram

.for.com

puter-aided

.eng

ineer-

ing

.and.desi

gn.

.Onl

.one.cop

.of.the.Spic

.eng

ine

.nee

.to.be.ins

talled

.and.con

gured.

.One.mac

hine

act

.as.the.ser

ver

.and.oth

.mac

hines

.can.simu

ltaneously

.acc

ess

.the.Spic

.eng

ine

.thr

ough

.net

work

.con

nections.

.Rem

ote

.acc

ess

.to.SIP.all

ows

.use

.to.run.Spic

.simu

lations

.fro

.any.com

puter

.on.the.net

work,

and.tha

.mig

.be.fro

.hom

.or.ano

ther

.oc

.in.ano

ther

.bui

lding

.or.town

.Als

.the.cur

rent

.Spic

eng

ine

.bei

.use

.is.Spic

e3f5

.fro

.Ber

keley,

.whi

.all

ows

.an.unl

imited

.numb

.of.tra

nsistors,

.unl

ike

var

ious

.“s

tudent

.ve

rsions”

.of.Spi

.pr

ograms

.th

.ar

.av

ailable

.(F

igure

.64

.6).

Computer

.net

works

.are.als

.use

.in.the.sys

tems

.for.con

trolling

.obje

cts

.suc

.as.rob

ots,

.dat

abase

man

agement,

.etc

.[MW

01,WM01,PYW10].

.A.web.ser

ver

.is.use

.to.pro

vide

.the.cli

ent

.app

lication

.to.the.

ope

rator.

. e.cli

ent

.use

.cus

tom

.TCP

/IP

.pro

tocol

.to.con

nect

.to.the.ser

ver,

.whi

.pro

vides

.an.int

erface

to.the.spe

cic

.rob

otic

.man

ipulators.

.Sen

sors

.and.vid

.cam

eras

.pro

vide

.fee

dback

.to.the.cli

ent.

.Man

robotic.manipulators.may.be.connected.at.a.time.to.the.server.through.either.serial.or.parallel.ports.of.

the.com

puter.

.In.cas

.of.auto

nomous

.rob

ots,

.the.ser

vers

.pas

.the.com

mands

.add

ressed

.to.the.rob

ot.

.In.

cas

.of.a.simp

.rob

ot,

.the.ser

ver

.run

.a.sep

arate

.pro

cess

.tha

.int

erfaces

.to.the.rob

ot.

.Dat

.mon

itoring

and.con

trol

.thr

ough

.a.com

puter

.net

work

.or.som

.oth

.pro

prietary

.net

work

.is.no.lon

ger

.pro

hibitively

FIGURE 64.6 Upper.part.of.the.plotting.conguration.screen.