Water Power and Dam Construction - Issue December 2009
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WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM DECEMBER 2009 31
PLANNING & PROJECTS
LIFTING ISSUES
Once the wire sawing and bursting had been substantially completed,
a 120 tonne crane was engaged from local company Transportes
Montejo LTDA to lift the concrete blocks to the upstream side of
the spillway.
In order to maintain vehicle access to the bridge that tops the dam,
the crane could only be set up on the dam abutments. A series of com-
prehensive studies were undertaken into the complex rigging require-
ments involved in using the crane to remove the concrete blocks from
under the bridge deck.
Chemical anchors were used to fix rated lifting plates to the blocks.
While the blocks that were closest to the abutment weighed up to
44 tonnes, those that were closest to the bridge pier had to be much
smaller – only seven tonnes.
Because the additional steel reinforcement in the concrete slowed
deconstruction, the time that the crane was on site grew from a budg-
eted 22 days to 43 days.
Various pockets had to be cut into the concrete to provide fixings
for the flap gates as well as for the pipes that served the hydraulic
rams for the flap gates. The concrete surface also had to be roughened
to receive new concrete.
On the 11 bays that were to have fusegates installed, two trenches
had to be formed in each bay. The trenches were up to 300mm deep
and 500mm wide. A series of cuts were made the length of the trench
and the concrete was then broken out using pneumatic breakers. In
total about 270m of trench was formed across the top of the overspill
crest to complete the project.
For more information visit www.decotec.com.au
IWP& DC
Project summary:
Working platforms: 168m
2
Access ways: 200m
Amount of concrete removed: 1100m
3
Amount of wire sawing: 1000 + m
2
Amount of wire drilling: 300 + m
Number of bursting holes: 200 +
Chemical anchors installed: 750
Surface preparation: 500m
2
500mm wide trenches: 270m
32 DECEMBER 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING & PROJECTS
T
HE December 2008 release of coal ash from Tennessee
Valley Authority’s (TVA) Kingston, Tennessee facility
flooded more than 1.2km2 of land in the US, damaging
homes and property. Coal ash from the release flowed
into the Emory and Clinch rivers, filling large areas of the rivers
and resulting in fish kills.
As a result of this the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
is currently involved in two separate efforts regarding the manage-
ment of coal combustion residuals from coal burning electric utilities.
These are:
U A nationwide assessment of current management practices.
U Drafting a proposed rule for public comment by the end of 2009.
In March 2009, EPA issued information request letters to electric
utilities that have surface impoundments or similar units that contain
coal combustion residuals. The letters requested information to assist
in the evaluation of the structural integrity of these units.
EPA, working closely with other federal agencies within the
different states, is reviewing the information provided to identify
impoundments or similar units that need priority attention. As
part of this assessment effort, EPA will inspect many of the units
to ensure that they are structurally sound. Appropriate remedial
action will be required at any facility that is found to pose a risk
for potential failure.
RESPONSE FROM ELECTRIC UTIL ITIES
EPA has received responses to the information request letters and
posted all of the responses on their website, with the exception
of information claimed as confidential business information. This
covers 219 facilities and 584 surface impoundments and similar
management units.
In summary, the 219 facilities that responded are located in 35
states. Of the 584 surface impoundments and similar management
units covered in these responses 194 units (33%) have been given
a potential hazard rating under the National Inventory of Dams
criteria. Of the 194 units that have been rated:
On the other hand, 390 units (67%) have not received a hazard
potential rating. The hazard potential ratings do not assess the sta-
bility of these units; the ratings assess the potential for loss of life or
environmental and economic damage. Units rated as high hazard are
those where failure will probably cause loss of life.
In addition, of the 584 surface impoundments and similar units
covered in these responses, 405 (70%) were designed by a profes-
sional engineer and 134 have been inspected by a state inspector in
the last year. The units show considerable variation in height:
Based on the initial information and site visits to date, the agency
has not encountered any issue which required immediate action or
attention on the part of the utility or federal or state government.
That is not to say that the site visits haven’t noted some areas that
should be addressed, such as maintenance activities and correcting
the low areas of the dam crest by placing engineered fill. Any recom-
mendations that EPA believes are appropriate will be provided to
the company, as well as placed in the final report that will be made
available to the public.
COAL ASH REP ORTS
Final contractor reports were also carried out at 22 facilities to assess
the structural integrity of 43 surface impoundments or similar units
which had a high or significant hazard potential rating.
The reports have been completed by contractors who are experts in the
area of dam integrity, reflect the best professional judgment of the engi-
neering firm, and are signed and stamped by a professional engineer.
The reports are based on a visual assessment of the site, interviews
with site personnel, and the review of geotechnical reports and studies
related to the design, construction and operation of those impound-
ments, if available. The engineering firms also reviewed past state/
federal inspections of the impoundments.
EPA contractors were not authorised to conduct any physical
drilling, coring or sampling while on site. However, they did review
studies which may have included such information. The contractors
were asked to rate the impoundments as satisfactory, fair, poor, or
unsatisfactory. Expert experience has shown that only impound-
ments rated as unsatisfactory pose immediate safety threats. None
of the impoundments assessed received an unsatisfactory rating.
Impoundment ratings noted in the reports should be taken in the
proper context, since a unit may be found to be structurally sound
while it may receive a fair or poor rating based on other factors.
Draft copies of the reports have been reviewed by the facilities
and the states for factual accuracy and their comments on the draft
reports have also been posted. EPA continues to review the reports
and the technical recommendations, and is working with the facilities
to ensure that the recommendations are implemented.
EPA has provided a copy of the final report to each facility and
has requested that the recommendations are implemented and
action plans are provided. Should facilities fail to take sufficient
measures, EPA will take additional action, if the circumstances
warrant, and will be devoting special attention to those facilities
receiving a poor rating.
In summary, the assessments have rated the impoundments
as follows: Satisfactory – 22 units; Fair – 15 units; Poor – 6 units;
Unsatisfactory – 0 units; Total – 43 units
As they become available, additional reports can be found on the
EPA’s website www.epa.gov
The Environmental Protection Agency
in the US is assessing the integrity of coal
ash impoundments following a spill of
combustion residuals last year
Clean up act for coal
IWP& DC
75 units (13%) being
reported as greater than
15m in height
120 units (20%) are greater
than 7.5m, but less than 15.5m in height
38 units (7%)
are less than 2m
in height
100 units (17%) being
reported as having no height
251 units (43%) are greater
than 1.8m but less than 8m in height
49 units (25%) are rated as high
hazard potential
60 units (31%)
are rated as significant hazard potential
8 units (4%) are rated as less than low
hazard potential
77 units (40%)
are rated as low hazard potential
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM DECEMBER 2009 33
SMALL HYDRO
C
ANEDO hydro power scheme is a small hydro project
developed on the Beça river in northern Portugal. The
scheme is located in the Trás-os-Montes region, extend-
ing 5.5km through the municipalities of Boticas and
Ribeira de Pena.
The first studies for the Canedo project were carried out in 1992.
Due to several setbacks, mostly related to the licensing process, the
10MW plant only went on line in December 2008. The scheme is
owned and operated by RPGlobal Portugal (RPG), a subsidiary com-
pany of the RPGlobal Group. Aqualogus carried out the project’s
feasibility studies and design work.
The Canedo project has some specific features that make it an
unusual project in RP Global Portugal’s portfolio. The river Beça
is not only used for irrigation purposes, but is also known for its
rich trout community, with a trout farm actually located upstream
of the Canedo project’s intake. The powerhouse is located near a
village, upstream of a river beach, and is a very visible part of the
landscape. Lastly, even though the scheme’s infrastructure is not
located in an environmentally protected area, the site was actually
given conservation status. These issues meant there were serious
doubts about the project’s viability, and had significant influence
in several design and management options.
Canedo hydro plant –
an award-winning design
The Canedo hydro power project in Portugal was named the winner of IWP&DC’s first
Small Hydro Award in October 2009. Here you’ll find an in-depth description of this
impressive project and discover why readers felt it deserved to be named the winning project
Riverside view of the powerhouse
34 DECEMBER 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
SMALL HYDRO
The Trás-os-Montes region is an interior zone of the country, with
a depressed economic condition, mostly due to population migration
from the fields to the urban areas. As a consequence, the residents are
mostly older people who rely on agricultural work and cattle breed-
ing. It is, however, a humid zone, with abundant water resources.
The River Beça is a tributary of the Tâmega River, which itself is
a tributary of the Douro River, the most important watercourse in
north Iberia. The watershed is mostly occupied by forest and pastures
and has an area at the intake section of 114.5km
2
. The river has an
average bedslope of 3% in the part used by the scheme. The median
average annual rainfall is 1350mm, which originates an average flow
estimated in 815mm (2.95m
3/
sec).
The scheme comprises a dam, low-pressure circuit, surge tank,
penstock and powerhouse. The installed power of 10MW is accom-
plished with a turbine flow of 5.4m
3
/sec under a net head of 226m.
The gravity dam section is 14.8m high above foundation and has a
crest length of 92m, including a bridge over the spillway. The intake
and bottom outlet are located on the left side. The 80m long fish pass
and the reserved flow outlet are on the right riverbank. The lake cre-
ated by the dam floods an area of 4ha.
The hydraulic circuit has a first part in DN1800/1600 pipe, a
24.5m high surge tank and a DN1500/1400 steel penstock. All the
pipes are laid in trench. The surge tank is a cylindrical concrete struc-
ture with 11m internal diameter.
The powerhouse has one horizontal Francis unit and is located
near a river beach, close to Canedo village. The building was subject
to a thorough architectural study, which focused on integration with
the striking surrounding landscape and interaction with the visitors.
The architectural study of the building was subject to a concept con-
test in an architecture college.
PROJECT HISTORY
Canedo has had an alvará (old water license) since 1993 and is one
of the oldest projects developed by RP Global Portugal. In 2002 the
development process became stagnant because plans for a dam would
have flooded the fish farm upstream, meaning a flap gate would need
to be installed at the dam crest. The flap gate project version was
developed later that year.
A new Technical and Economical Feasibility Study (TEFS) and
Environmental Impact study were needed for the project, and these
were executed and delivered in 2003. In the reformulation of the
TEFS, considering a new tariff system, it was discovered that a smaller
water volume could be stored in the reservoir, lowering the maximum
operation level. This meant the project would not affect the fish farm.
Following approval, the new TEFS and Environmental Study were
issued for public consultation. During this process there was significant
opposition from the local irrigation associations, who were concerned that
the project would withdraw water necessary for irrigation purposes.
To address this, a long and difficult negotiation process was initi-
ated with the authorities, municipalities and irrigation association’s
representatives. During this process, more studies were performed to
investigate flows in the irrigation channels.
These negotiations concluded in 2005 in a meeting with all the
stakeholders, culminating in August 2006 with publication of the
project’s Declaration of Public Interest. However, a law change in
2007 meant it became necessary to obtain a concession contract, in
which the construction license would be embedded. This meant a firm
contract was only approved in 2008. During this process, support
and involvement of the municipalities was vital.
DESIGN FEATURES
The Canedo dam is laid on a solid granite foundation. The geologi-
cal site examination had anticipated a layer of loose blocks on both
riverbanks. Given the heterogeneity of the subsurface layers, it was
decided only two machine excavated test pits would be carried out.
During construction, the project geologist supervised all excavation
Above: General view of the scheme
Plan view of the dam
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM DECEMBER 2009 35
SMALL HYDRO
work, and no relevant problems were reported.
The fish pass was designed to operate continuously throughout the
year and with satisfactory performance in every reservoir operation
level, given the importance of the trout community on the Beça River.
This requirement led to a design where part of the structure – with
four orifices – is implanted upstream of the dam. The orifices are
regulated by electrically manoeuvred sluice gates that automatically
open and close to control the flow within acceptable limits, whatever
the level in the reservoir. When a flood occurs, a 1.1x1.6m
2
sluice
gate isolates part of the pass downstream of the dam.
The region has an ancestral winter irrigation method called rega de
lima for protection against frost, where the water is conveyed through
long open channels called levadas. The dam automation scheme
guarantees the release of the necessary irrigation flows in order to
accommodate this concurrent water use. The flow is diverted through
an independent DN700 circuit and is released at the downstream
entrance of the fish-pass to better attract the fish.
One particular design option concerns the architecture of the pow-
erhouse building. Given its prominence on the landscape, and the fact
that it is close to a village and river beach, led RPG to give special
attention to the layout. It was decided that the building would have
simple forms and should allow interaction with visitors, ideas that
emerged from the architectural concept held at the university. The
final layout is a cubic building that has a group of window openings
by the riverside facade. The facade has a balcony visible from a river-
side path, allowing walkers a full interior view of the powerhouse.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The construction works were divided into several contracts, including
one for the civil works and another for the pipe installation. Other
contracts were for the turbine-generator supply, electrical installa-
tions, pipe supply and hydro-mechanical equipment. Construction
was scheduled for execution from January to December 2008.
RPG bought the sites for the construction of the dam, the surge
tank, the powerhouse and the roadway. The pipe routes were negoti-
ated as right-of-way contracts.
Dam
Works started in February with surveying and construction of site
facilities. The first works at the dam site were clearance, topsoil
removal and improvement of an existing rural pathway to allow
access for the earthworks machinery. A small earthfill was built to
divert the river to a narrow channel excavated in the rock on the
right riverside. During foundation excavation some drill and blast
was required. Once the rock surface level was reached, it was cleaned
up with water jetting.
The dam spillway has a total length of 36.9m and is divided into
five blocks. The two extreme blocks are 4.3m long and the three core
blocks are 9.3m long. The concrete was pumped in 1m high layers
and the spillway roller bucket and crest shapes were handmade and
were built without any facing formwork. The dam foundations have
a 1.5m high concrete layer under the roller bucket. To build the right
wall abutment and the fish ladder, the river was diverted across the
dam core block which was left open until the flow could be diverted
through the bottom outlet.
The water intake at the left abutment is a 2 x 1.8m
2
opening, pro-
tected by wing walls and a trash rack. There is an initial 56m long
steel pipe embedded in the abutment and connected to the Glass
Fibber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) conduit with a special fitting.
Once the abutments, the fish ladder and the riverside walls were
finished, the contractor built three piles in the spillway crest to sup-
port the bridge deck. Initially designed as a cast-in-place reinforced
concrete deck, the bridge was executed with precast concrete beams
and precast slab panels.
Low-pressure pipeline
The 3680m long low-pressure circuit was originally designed to be
concrete Bona pipes. Considering the anticipated delivery time, the
contractor proposed a change to GFRP Flowtite (Amitech) pipes. The
Intake section
Spillway section
Longitudinal section of the fish pass
Surge tank longitudinal section
36 DECEMBER 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
SMALL HYDRO
contractor’s team prepared a new layout for the overall route of the
pipeline to be approved by the design team. The pipes were delivered
on site in July and installation began immediately.
Surge tank
The surge tank was the first concrete structure to be completed. The
structure, with a total height of 22.55m, was built as 2.75m high
complete circular walls with a Peri Rundflex formwork system. The
surge tank has a first 0.6m thick, 9m high wall and a second 0.3m
thick, 13.55m high wall. Each concrete joint section was striped with
a waterstop embedded in and running continuously through the cir-
cular wall perimeter to prevent leaks. The concrete plane roof struc-
ture was finished with precast concrete beams and roof slabs.
Powerhouse
The powerhouse structure layout was considerably improved during
the earthworks. To avoid the construction of large flood protection
walls, a new roadway was designed to access the powerhouse. The
powerhouse site was a square-area excavation; the soil was removed
in layers, similar to a levelling process, because there was no access
to off-road dumpers until April. Once the road was built, the foun-
dations were finally set up 5m below the water table, with several
different sections.
The powerhouse is a two-floor building, one for the electrical
equipment in the basement (471.5) below the water level and a tech-
nical floor for the control room (478.5). Before the upstream wall
was built, the first steel pipe was embedded in an anchor block. Once
the concrete works were concluded by mid September, the mobile
crane was lifted and passed through the 7x 4m
2
rectangular opening
on the roof.
Before the end of September the major equipment of the turbine
was delivered on-site and installed by a team from VA Tech Hydro
(now Andritz Hydro). The generator was installed before the end of
October and, as with the other heavy and over-sized equipment, it
was installed through the roof opening.
Penstock
The steel pipes for the penstock were delivered by the end of May, but
remained stocked until the end of July, when the hydro-mechanical
contractor started the installation and welding works, after overcom-
ing initial difficulties with access to the construction sites.
It is remarkable that a considerable extension of the pipeline was
buried across the small backyards inside the Canedo village, an old
countryside community dedicated mainly to farming and cattle. The
existing accesses were pathways too narrow to transport the six tons
pipes, thus two extra roadways were built along the access road.
Stocked 1.5km away from Canedo, the pipes were transported on an
adapted truck to the site.
Where the hillsides were too steep for the truck, the pipes were
transported by an hydraulic excavator.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
The Canedo project was subject to two different impact assessments
– first during the preliminary project phase and then after the design
was concluded.
This second procedure was carried out in order to check if all the
project design amendments, mitigation procedures and other environ-
mental issues identified by the official agencies responsible for the first
assessment, were all correctly considered in the final design. During
these two phases, public participation took place and all relevant con-
tributions from NGOs, local authorities and the general public were
integrated into the project.
The impact assessment studies allowed the environmental char-
acterization of the project site, namely demonstrating its relevant
conservation status – presence of important fish species (Trout),
as well as birds (White-throated Dipper) and mammals (Pyrenean
Desman), all of them with a high conservation status not only in
Portugal, but also from a global perspective. The riparian and sur-
rounding vegetation is also rich and diverse, with oak forest typical
of Northern (Atlantic) Portugal present. The water quality is also
characterized as being very good, according to the parameters of the
Water Framework Directive.
The main initiatives to deal with the environmental relevance of
the site involved the active implementation of mitigation measures,
such as the design and construction of a fish passage to allow the
Powerhouse
Project summary
Location Trás-os-Montes region, Portugal
Water source Beça River
Catchment area 114.5km
2
Mean annual precipitation 1350mm
Mean annual flow 2.95m
3
/sec
Maximum turbine flow 5.38m
3
/sec
Monthly reserved flow 170 – 700 l/sec
Gross head 242.5m
Design net head 226.44m
Maximum power capacity 10MW
Capacity factor 33%
Average annual energy 28.6GWh
Operation Run-of-river
Intake Frontal intake located on the left side of
the dam; 2 x 1.8m
2
orifice, protected with
vertical trash rack and automatic cleaner
Waterway 3.7km low pressure DN1600/1800 plastic
Flowtite pipe; concrete cylindrical surge
tank, with 11m internal diameter and 24.5m
height; 1.9km long DN1600/1400 steel
penstock
Powerhouse Cubical concrete building, with two levels
Turbine 1 horizontal Francis unit
Generator 11.1 kVA direct coupled synchronous
Switchyard 6.6kV to 60kV
Transmission line 30km
Connection National grid
Owner RpGlobal Portugal
Designer Aqualogus
Project Manager Eng. Guerra Daniel, RpGlobal Portugal,
d.guerra@rp-global.com
Design Team leader Eng. Francisco Freire de Carvalho,
Aqualogus, Engenharia e Ambiente,
francisco@aqualogus.pt
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM DECEMBER 2009 37
SMALL HYDRO
natural movements of fish upstream. This environmental approach
was combined with the study of an ecological stream flow regime
that enables the preservation of the species, habitats and ecological
characteristics downstream.
Attention was also paid to archeological and ethnographic values
in the affected area and measures were carried out in order to pre-
serve and study those heritage sites.
Another important feature concerned the compensation of the
riparian habitat (namely by planting Black Alder, Grey Willow and
Birch) by the lotic margins and the surrounding habitat, by protecting
and planting oak trees (Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica).
Another essential phase of the environmental program is moni-
toring, particularly with regards to the water quality, flora and veg-
etation, fish fauna, riparian fauna (amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals), and with special emphasis on White-throated Dipper,
Otter and Pyrenean Desman. This program comprises monitoring
the construction and exploitation phases of the Canedo plant, allow-
ing systematic checking of the observed in situ conditions, as well as
rapid implementation of amendment measures if necessary.
All these monitoring schemes are being carried out and the results
obtained so far are consistent with the environmental feasibility stud-
ies of the project.
OPERATION PHASE
The power plant is fully automated and remote controlled from a
dispatch centre. It is also equipped with an independent GSM remote
alarm system.
The variations of the incoming water flow are evaluated daily by
the dispatch centre, which is responsible for the settings adjustment.
Parameters such as the operation of the previous day, the actual water
level and the storage capacity of the dam are processed to establish
updated parameters, which will achieve best efficiency from the gen-
erating set. The storage capacity of the dam is fully utilised to take
advantage of the more valuable daytime tariff, thus increasing rev-
enue. The aim is to have full storage capacity in the morning and
minimum water level in the evening.
Despite being fully automated, the power plant is not unmanned.
There is an operator on a full daytime basis.
There are daily and weekly routine maintenance schedules
and also periodical and annual maintenance schedules. These
schedules were developed in accordance with the maintenance
schedules of the equipment manufacturers and also in accord-
ance with RPG experience.
Equipment is thoroughly maintained and kept as original. With
these procedures, availability is increased and outages are reduced.
Weekly, monthly and annual operation reports are conducted, and
specific reports would be issued if a failure situation occurs.
PROJECT BENEFITS
The Canedo project offers several benefits, both at regional and
global levels. The major benefit is the average annual contribu-
tion of 28GWh of clean electricity for the national and European
targets, avoiding 16,500 ton of CO
2
emissions. Another impor-
tant long-term benefit is the new road to the dam and the bridge,
which has improved the local population’s mobility by connecting
the villages of Vilar and Codeçoso. In addition, RPG provided a
financial contribution, which was used by the municipalities for
new social equipment.
Part of the civil construction was carried out by a local workforce,
contributing to the regional economy. The dam’s reservoir provides
other significant advantages, including acting as a water reserve to
fight forest fires and for recreational purposes such as fishing. The
dam regulating capability also allows for greater stability in the
summer irrigation flow.
For further information on the project, please visit
www.rp-global.com or www.aqualogus.pt
Further photographs of the scheme can be found in the
Canedo hydro project section on
www.waterpowermagazine
IWP& DC
Construction of the dam. View of the block interface
Construction of the powerhouse
Fish passage in operation
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
38 DECEMBER 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFIED
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E-mail: nickrbarton@hotmail.com
Website: http//www.qtbm.com
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To adver tise in the Professional
Directory or World Marketplace
section or for more information
contact Diane Stanbury on
tel: +44 (0)20 8269 7854
or email:
dianestanbury@globaltrademedia.com
Copy deadline for January 2010 issue
is 4 January 2010
I N T E R N A T I O N A L
& DAM CONSTRUCTION
Water Power
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM DECEMBER 2009 39
CLASSIFIED
www.waterpowermagazine.com
Yolsu Engineering Services Ltd. Co.
Hürriyet Caddesi No:135 Dikmen, 06450 Ankara,TURKEY
Tel: +90 312 480 06 01 (pbx) Fax: +90 312 483 31 35
www.yolsu.com.tr info@yolsu.com.tr
Prefeasibilty, Feasibility,
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Stellba Hydro AG Stellba Hydro GmbH & Co KG
Langgas 2 Badenbergstrasse 30
CH-5244 Birrhard D-89520 Heidenheim
Switzerland Germany
Telefon +41 (0)56 201 45 20 Telefon +49 (0)7321 96 92 0
Telefax +41 (0)56 201 45 21 Telefax +49 (0)7321 6 20 73
Internet www.stellba-hydro.ch Internet www.stellba.de
E-Mail info@stellba-hydro.ch E-Mail info@stellba.de
www.waterpowermagazine.com
The classified section in Water Power & Dam Construction
is a well established and popular section with the magazine’s
combined print and digital circulation of 16,000. Commonly
known as where “the buyer meets the seller”.
Classified
opportunities
For more information, please contact
Diane Stanbury Tel: +44 (0)20 8269 7854 or email: dianestanbury@globaltrademedia.com
Recruitment
The ideal way to promote a company vacancy and
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Industry showcases
The industry showcase section is made up of eighth
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Recommended duration: minimum 3 months
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721
WORLD MARKETPLACE
40 DECEMBER 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFIED
www.waterpowermagazine.com
CYLINDERS
Rexroth
Bosch Group
Bosch Rexroth B.V.
Cylinders
Application based standard cyli nder designs for;
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Contact: Mr Bob Lamers, Tel: +31 411 651 778
www.boschrexroth.com
Mail to: cylinders@boschrexroth.com
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GATES
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CONCRETE COOLING
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CIVIL ENGINEERING:
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Providing water control solutions through thoughtful engineering,
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Tel: 970-568-9844
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