Wang Q.E. Inventing China Through History: The May Fourth Approach to Historiography

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

nation-building, 2, 6, 13, 189, 202

nation-state, 3–5, 11, 14, 45

Needham, Joseph, 62

Neo-Confucianism/Neo-Confucians,

60–61, 68

New Citizen’s Journal (Xinmin

congbao), 12, 44, 54

New-Confucianism/New

Confucians, 200, 207

New Culture Movement. See May

Fourth Movement

New Historians/History

(Progressive historians)

its Chinese connection, 67–68,

105

as critics of Rankean

historiography, 14, 142

and general history, 116

and He Bingsong, 70, 72, 90, 111–

113, 118, 121

and Luo Jialun, 133–134, 136,

142–143, 147

New Historiography (xin shixue)

criticism of dynastic history, 16–

17, 22, 45–50, 70, 103, 105,

110

inﬂuence of, 11–12, 52, 111

New History, The, 14, 47, 68–71, 73,

119

New Life Movement, 154–155

New Perspective on General History,

A (Tongshi xinyi), 115–116,

152

New Tide (Xinchao), 21, 77, 83,

131

New Tide Society

activities of, 85–86

founding of, 21

and Fu Sinian, 74, 161

and Hu Shi, 63, 161

and Luo Jialun, 81, 131

and Yao Congwu, 89

Newton, Isaac, 61

New Youth (xin qingnian), 54, 77,

131

Niebuhr, Barthold G., 97

298 INDEX

No historical sources, no history

(wu shiliao jiwu shixue), 123,

173

Northern Expedition, 124, 139,

163

Nuli she. See Endeavor Society

Nuli zhoubao. See Endeavor Weekly

On the Greater and Smaller

Eastern China (Dadong

xiaodong shuo), 128

Opium War

and Lin Zexu, 15, 34–35

in modern Chinese history, 136,

141, 145–146

and Wei Yuan, 31–32, 34–35

Oxford University, 194

Pang Pu, 206, 208

Parallel Lives of Illustrious Greeks

and Romans, 48

past and present

change of the relationship of, 17,

19–20, 29, 52

as connected by history, 1–3, 12–

as dialogue, 26

multifaceted relationship of, 12

related by nationalism, 4–5

Pelliot, Paul, 126, 191

Perspectives on History (Shitong),

108

Planck, Max, 86, 143

Plutarch, 48

Pocock, J. G. A., 157

Princeton University, 67–69, 132–

133

Principles of Science: A Treatise on

Logic and Scientiﬁc Method,

The, 84

Progressive era, 14

Progressive Historians. See New

Historians

Prussian School, 92

Prusso-France War, 37–40

public sphere, 160, 162–163, 165

Pufa zhanji. See Account of the

Prusso-France War

Purpose of History, The, 68, 141–

142

Pusey, James, 48

puxue. See evidential scholars/

scholarship

Qian Mu, 151

Qian Xuantong, 63–64, 66

Qilue. See Seven Summaries

Qing Dynasty

its archive, 125

its crisis, 29, 31, 80

its fall, 10, 28, 148, 163, 174

its founding, 186

and Manchus, 79

and May Fourth generation, 3, 75

in passim, 6, 28, 41, 111, 126,

154, 175, 190, 196

in scholarship, 18, 61, 65

Qinghua University/Qinghua

School

and Chen Yinke, 192

and Jiang Tingfu, 140, 164, 170

and Liang Qichao, 103, 111

and Luo Jialun, 139–140, 145,

158, 180

Qingyi bao. See Journal of

Disinterested Criticism

Qinshihuang (First Emperor of the

Qin Dynasty), 98

Qin State and/or Dynasty, 40, 204

Qiu Chuji, 187–188

quanpan xihua. See wholesale

Westernization

Quellenkritik, 90. See also source

criticism

Outline History of Chinese

Philosophy, An (Zhongguo

zhexueshi dagang, or Zhongguo

gudai zhexueshi), 54, 56, 59–60

Outline History of Northeast China,

An (Dongbei shigang), 171–172

Outline of European History, An,

INDEX 299

rangwai bixian an’nei (ﬁrst internal

paciﬁcation, then external

resistance), 166

Ranke, Leopold von, 14–15, 88, 92,

95–96, 147

Rankean historiography

compared with New History, 70,

116, 142, 147

and scientiﬁc history, 102

and Yao Congwu, 89, 92, 97

Records of the Grand Historian, 3,

48, 97, 105, 107

Records of the Ocean Circuit

(Yinghuan zhilue), 37

Red Guards, 196

Reformation, 20

Reform of 1898, 43, 148

Reichevein, Adolf, 157

Reid, Gilbert, 43

Renaissance, 20–21

Renaissance, 21, 77, 131

republicanism, 10

Revolutionary Alliance, 79

Revolutionary History of the

Chinese Nation, A (Zhongguo

minzu gemingshi), 173, 175

Richard, Timothy, 43

Rickert, Heinrich, 109–110

River Elegy (Heshang), 206

Robinson, James H., 14, 47, 67–73,

121, 181

Rolls Series, 119, 138

Roman Empire, 48

Roosevelt, Theodore, 160

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 44

ru. See Confucians

Russell, Bertrand, 143

Sanguozhi. See History of the Three

Kingdoms, A

sanshi shuo. See Three-age Theory

Schiller, F. C. S., 84

Schneider, Laurence, 8–9, 20

Schwarcz, Vera, 20–21, 89

Science and Civilization in China,

Science versus Life (kexue yu

renshengguan),22

scientiﬁc history

as a bridge between Chinese and

Western culture, past and

present, tradition and

modernity, 99, 102

as a form of historiography, 16,

23, 106

Fu Sinian on, 88

He Bingsong on, 70–71, 117–119

idea of, 4–5, 19, 71

in Japan and the West, 19

and May Fourth Movement, 89

and national history, 5, 13, 22,

53, 101, 189

and source criticism, 5, 101

and transnationalism, 6, 22

scientiﬁc method

He Bingsong on, 156

Hu Shi on, 57, 59–63, 66

and May Fourth Movement, 19,

May Fourth scholars’ interest in,

101

in Qing evidential scholarship, 19

and source criticism, 14, 22, 73

Scientiﬁc Revolution, 13–14, 23

scientiﬁc spirit, 62

Scientism in Chinese Thought, 62

Seignobos, Charles, 57, 106, 115,

119, 146

Seven Summaries (Qilue), 27

Shakespeare, 109

Shaw, Bernard, 86

Shenghuo. See Life Weekly

shengping (rising peace), 29. See

also Three-age Theory

Shengwu ji. See Military History of

the Qing Dynasty, The

shi (historian), 29

shi (history), 10, 27

Shidi congkan. See Journal of

History and Geography

Shiji. See Records of the Grand

Historian

300 INDEX

shijie geming (historiographical

revolution), 16, 48

shijie geming (revolution in poetry),

54. See also literary revolution

Shils, Edward, 82, 102

Shitong. See Perspectives on History

shiyan zhuyi. See experimentalism

shiyi zhiyi (to learn from the

barbarians for dealing with

them), 34–36

Shotwell, James, 67, 71, 120, 133

shu (treatise), 39

shuailuan (decay and chaos), 29.

See also Three-age Theory

Taiping Rebellion (Taiping

tianguo), 31, 135–136

Taiwan University, 95, 175, 178–

179, 188, 201–202

Tang Dynasty

and Buddhism, 192–193

and Chinese culture, 79, 175,

184, 186

INDEX 301

and historiography, 27

poetry of, 195

Tanggu Truce, 169

Tang Junyi, 200

Tang Xiaobing, 11–12, 17

Tang Yijie, 206, 208

Tang Yongtong, 191, 206

Tan Qixiang, 68

Tao Xisheng, 154, 171

Tarde, Jean-Gabriel, 143

Teaching of History in Elementary

and Secondary Schools, The,

71–72, 120

Three-age Theory, 29–31, 49

Thucydides, 146

ti-yong (Chinese learning as

substance and Western

learning as function)

and Chen Yinke, 189–190, 196–

197

the idea of, 16

inﬂuence of, 154, 205

the origin of, 34

and Wang Tao, 41

and Zhang Zhidong, 41, 155

Tongjian jishi benmo (The

narratives from the beginning

to the end in the

comprehensive mirror of aid for

government), 38

Tongshi (general history), 115

Tongshi xinyi. See New Perspective

on General History, A

Toyo no bunmei (Eastern

civilization), 171

Toyoshi (Eastern history), 171

tradition

invention of, 5, 23

and May Fourth generation, 21

and modernity, 5, 7, 23, 52, 81–

82, 97, 128, 150

traditionalists, 3–4, 7, 151

transnationalism, 5, 6, 13

Treaty of Nanjing, 31

Trevelyan, George M., 73

Tripitaka. See Xuanzhuang

Trotter, Wilfred, 143

Tylor, H., 143

universal history, 14

University of Berlin, 86, 89, 92–94,

134

University of California at

Berkeley, 69

University of Hamburg, 92

University of London, 83

University of Paris, 135

University of Wisconsin at

Madison, 68–69

utilitarianism, 45

Vico, Giambattista, 112

Voltaire, 14, 157

Wakeman, Frederic Jr., 162

Waldersee, Alfred, 137

Wang Anshi, 98

Wang Chong, 118

Wang Deyi, 175

Wang Fansen, 128, 167, 173

Wang Guowei, 108, 111, 192

Wang Jingwei, 170

Wang Tao, 15, 36–43, 48, 133

Wang Yangming, 60

warlordism, 164–165

Warring States, 69

Wattenbach, Wilhelm, 92

Way, Richard Quarterman, 35

Weekly Critique (Meizhou pinglun),

161

Wei Yuan, 15–16, 30–38, 40–41, 43,

Weng Wenhao, 170

wenhua re. See culture fever

Wenshi tongyi. See General

Meanings of History and

Literature

wenxue geming. See literary

revolution

Westernization Movement (Yangwu

yundong), 189

Whitehead, Alfred, 143

wholesale Westernization (quanpan

302 INDEX

xihua), 22, 67

wie es eigentlich gewesen (what

really happened), 102

Windelband, Wilhelm, 57

Wissenschaft, 117

Woodbridge, F. J. E., 67–68, 133,

141, 144

World War I (Great War)

and Chen Yinke, 191

Hu Shi on, 169

impact of, 22, 103–104, 110, 149

World War II

impact on intellectuals, 22, 151,

159, 178, 180, 189

and Japan’s invasion in China,

8–9, 126, 150

Wu Han, 195

Wuhan University, 143, 145, 147

Wu Mi, 191–192

Wu Peifu, 139

Xiamen (Amoy) University, 136–

137

xiandaishi (contemporary history),

141

Xiao Yishan, 171

Xinan lianda. See Southwest

Associated University

Xinchao. See New Tide

xinmin (new people or new citizen),

Xinmin congbao. See New Citizen’s

Journal

Xin qingnian. See New Youth

Xin shixue. See New Historiography

Xiongnu (Huns), 94, 97, 175

Xixia Dynasty, 182, 188

Xixue yuanshi kao. See Inquiry into

the Beginnings of Western

Learning, An

Xiyouji. See Journey to the West,

The

Xuanzhuang (Tripitaka), 193

xueba (academic hegemon), 90

Xueheng. See Critical Review

Xu Fuguan, 200

Xu Jiyu, 37

xungu (philological study), 90

Xu Zhimo, 135

Xu Zhongshu, 171

Yan’an, 178, 204

Yan Fu, 43

Yang Buwei, 192

Yang Jiye, 187–188

Yangwu yundong. See

Westernization Movement

Yangzi River, 183

Yan Ruojü, 61

Yao Congwu

in Anti-Japanese War, 171, 175–

178

and Beijing University, 80, 92

career of, 4, 23, 84–85, 89–90

and Chen Yinke, 177, 190

on Confucian culture, 183–185

and Fu Sinian, 89, 91, 177–178

in Germany, 89, 91–95

and GMD, 176–178, 183

Hegelian philosophy, 96

at Henan University, 178

on history and historiography,

95–97

and Hu Shi, 92

and Luo Jialun, 134

and May Fourth Movement, 89–

90, 176

and Rankean/German

historiography, 90, 92, 96–99

and scientiﬁc method, 19, 201

on Sima Guang and Song

historians, 177

on Sima Qian, 97, 107

on Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan

histories, 185–189

in Taiwan, 182–189

and Taiwan University, 175

teaching Historical Methods, 95,

129, 175

Yao Jiheng, 64

Yellow River, 183

Yenching University, 65

yigu pai. See Doubting Antiquity

School

INDEX 303

Yinghuan zhilue. See Record of the

Ocean Circuit

Yingshi University, 159

Yixia dongxi shuo. See East and

West Theory of Yi and Xia

yi yi zhi yi (to use the way of the

barbarians to fend off the

barbarians), 15

Yuan Dynasty, 175, 182–183

Yuan Shikai, 148

Yuan Shu, 32, 38

Yuan Zhen, 195

Yu Dawei, 85, 87, 91, 134

Yu Jie, 188

Yu Pingbo, 86

Yu Ying-shih, 22, 151

zaizao wenming (recreate

civilization), 63

Zeng Guofan, 137, 190

Zhang Junmai (Carsun Chang), 66,

200

Zhang Qun, 155

Zhang Taiyan

interpretation of Confucianism,

on oracle bones, 126

and Qing scholarship, 74, 76–77,

129

as revolutionary, 10, 79

Zhang Xudong, 206

Zhang Xuecheng

He Bingsong’s study of, 112–115,

119–120, 152

Liang Qichao on, 110

and Qing historiography, 28,

108

Zhang Youyi, 134

Zhang Zhidong, 41, 155, 190

Zhao Yi, 105

Zhao Yuanren, 124, 192

Zhedong xuepai. See Eastern

Zhejiang School

Zhedong xuepai suyuan. See

History of the Eastern Zhejiang

School, A

Zhejiang No. 1 Normal College, 120

zhengli guogu (reorganize the

national heritage), 19, 53,

111

zhengshi (standard history), 16. See

also dynastic history

zhengtonglun (legitimacy theory),

zhi (monograph), 39

Zhongguo benwei wenhua jianshe

xuanyan. See Declaration of the

Construction of a China-based

Culture

Zhongguo lishi yanjiufa. See

Methods for the Study of

Chinese History

Zhongguo lishi yanjiufa bubian.

See Supplement to the Methods

for the Study of Chinese

History

304 INDEX

Zhongguo minzu gemingshi. See

Revolutionary History of the

Chinese Nation, A

Zhongguo xueyishe. See Association

of Chinese Art and Scholarship,

The

Zhongxue weiti, xixue weiyong. See

ti-yong

Zhou Dynasty, 29, 59

Zhou Zuoren, 74

Zhu Jiahua, 134

Zhu Weizheng, 208

Zhu Xi, 60

Zhu Xizu, 69

Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor, 179

zi (philosophies), 27

Ziyou zhongguo. See Free China

Zizhi tongjian. See Comprehensive

Mirror of Aid for Government