Василевич Г.А. (ред.) Сборник нормативных правовых актов о труде. В 2 т. Том 1
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9.10. onknfemhe n onp“dje naeqoe)emh“ onqnah“lh
on bpelemmni meŠprdnqonqnamnqŠh
h on aepelemmnqŠh h pnd`l
r2"!›ä…% C%“2=…%"ë…,ì q%"2= l,…,“2!%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü
%2 30 “…2 K! 1997 ã. 1 1290, " !ä. %2 4 =C!ë 2002 ã. 1 421,
“ ,ƒì. , ä%C. %2 12 ä*=K! 2003 ã. 1 1606, 9 …"=! 2006 ã. 1 15,
21 ,þë 2006 ã. 1 915, 17 %*2 K! 2006 ã. 1 1371, 24 …% K! 2006 ã.
1 1577, 7 =C!ë 2007 ã. 1 448, 10 ä*=K! 2007 ã. 1 1710, 17 …"=!
2008 ã. 1 58, 31 ì=!2= 2008 ã. 1 490
(Ñîáðàíèå äåêðåòîâ, óêàçîâ Ïðåçèäåíòà è ïîñòàíîâëåíèé Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Ðåñïóáëèêè
Áåëàðóñü. 1997. ¹ 28. Ñò. 918; Íàöèîíàëüíûé ðååñòð ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè
Áåëàðóñü. 2002. ¹ 45. 5/10265; 2003. ¹ 141. 5/13506; 2006. ¹ 7, 5/17087, ¹ 123,
5/22646, ¹ 171, 5/23244, ¹ 201, 5/24288; 2007. ¹ 92, 5/25018, ¹ 301, 5/26348; 2008.
¹ 27. 5/26671, ¹ 84. 5/27467)
nayhe onknfemh“
1. m=“2% ? o%ë%›…, !ã3ë,!32 C%! ä%* %K“C÷…, C%“%K, -
ì, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, (*!%ì C%“%K,L C% "!ì……%L …-
2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ …“÷=“2…/ì, “ë3÷= ì, …= C!%,ƒ"%ä“2" , C!%-
-““,%…=ëü…/ì, ƒ=K%ë"=…, ì,) , C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì (ä=ë $
C%“%K, ), 3“2=…%"ë……/ì, g=*%…%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü &nK %“…%"=.
ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% “%ö,=ëü…%ã% “2!=.%"=…, [.
2. o!="% …= C%“%K, ,ìþ2 ã!=›ä=…, …= *%2%!/. !=“C!%“2!=… 2“
ã%“3ä=!“2"……% “%ö,=ëü…% “2!=.%"=…, , ƒ= …,., = 2=*› ,ì, “=ì,ì, "
C!ä3“ì%2!……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì “ë3÷= . 3Cë=÷,"=þ2“ %K ƒ=2ëü-
…/ “2!=.%"/ "ƒ…%“/ …= “%ö,=ëü…% “2!=.%"=…,.
3. b “%%2"2“2",, “ …=“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ C%“%K, :
3.1. C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “ë3÷= .:
32!=2/ 2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë"=…,ì ,ë, 2!="ì%L;
3.%ä= ƒ= K%ëü…/ì ÷ë…%ì “ìü,;
3.%ä= ƒ= !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 , !K…*%ì-,…"=ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ-
!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 " “ë3÷= K%냅, ì=2!, ë,K% ä!3ã%ã% ë,ö=, -=*2,÷“*,
%“3?“2"ë þ?ã% 3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì;
“=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2…%ã% ë÷…, " “=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,-
. !“C3Kë,*, C% C!÷…þ, 32"!›ä=ì%ì3 o!=",2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*,
aë=!3“ü (ä=ë $ “=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2…% ë÷…,), !K…*=-,…"=ë,ä= " "%ƒ-
!=“2 ä% 18 ë2;
C!%2ƒ,!%"=…, “ C%ì?…,ì " “2=ö,%…=! C!%2ƒ…%-%!2%Cä,÷“*%-
ã% C!äC!, 2, ;
*=!=…2,…=;
3.2. C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì " “ë3÷= . K!ì……%“2, , !%ä%", 3“/-
…%"ë…, (3ä%÷!…, ) !K…*= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ì“ ö" ,ë, 3“2=…%"ë…,
…=ä …,ì %C*,.
nä…%"!ì……% … ì%›2 …=ƒ…=÷=2ü“ K%ë %ä…%ã% C%“%K, , C!ä3“-
ì%2!……%ã% …=“2% ?,ì C3…*2%ì, C% *=›ä%ì3 ì“23 !=K%2/.
531
4. o%“%K, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ , “ë, %K!=?…, ƒ= …,ì, C%“ëä%"=ë% …
C%ƒä… 6 ì“ ö" “% ä… %*%…÷=…, “ë3÷=" "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%-
“2,, K!ì……%“2, , !%ä%".
o!, %K!=?…,, ƒ= C%“%K, ì, C%“ë %*%…÷=…, “!%*=, 3*=ƒ=……%ã% "
÷=“2, C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, %…, ì%ã32 K/2ü …=ƒ…=÷…/ *%ì,““,L
C% …=ƒ…=÷…,þ C%“%K,L C!, %Kë=“2…/., l,…“*%ì ã%!%ä“*%ì 3C!="ë…,-
. t%…ä= “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/ …=“ë…, l,…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä= , “%ö,=ëü-
…%L ƒ=?,2/ (ä=ë $ *%ì,““, 2!!,2%!,=ëü…%ã% %!ã=…= t%…ä=) C!, …=-
ë,÷,, 3"=›,2ëü…%L C!,÷,…/ C!%C3“*= 3“2=…%"ë……%ã% “!%*=.
5. n“…%"=…,ì äë …=ƒ…=÷…, C%“%K,L "ë 2“ ë,“2%* …2!3ä%-
“C%“%K…%“2,, "/ä=……/L , %-%!ìë……/L " C%! ä*, 3“2=…%"ë……%ì ƒ=*%-
…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.
6. o%“%K, "/Cë=÷,"=þ2“ ƒ= “÷2 “!ä“2" ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% “%ö,-
=ëü…%ã% “2!=.%"=…, Cë=2ëü?,*%ì %K ƒ=2ëü…/. “2!=.%"/. "ƒ…%“%"
(ä=ë $ Cë=2ëü?,*).
rqknbh“ m`gm`)emh“ onqnahi
7. o%“%K, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ C% *=›ä%ì3 ì“23 !=K%2/.
k,ö=, !=K%2=þ?, …= %“…%" 2!3ä%"/. ä%ã%"%!%", ÷ë…“2"= (3÷=“-
2, ) " þ!,ä,÷“*,. ë,ö=. ëþK/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,%……%-C!="%"/. -%!ì (*!%-
ì ÷ë…%" *!“2ü …“*,. (-!ì!“*,.) .%ƒ L“2"), ã!=›ä=…“*%-C!="%"/.
ä%ã%"%!%", C!äì2%ì *%2%!/. "ë 2“ %*=ƒ=…, 3“ë3ã, "/C%ë……, !=-
K%2 , “%ƒä=…, %KA*2%" ,…2ëë*23=ëü…%L “%K“2"……%“2, (ä=ë $ ã!=›-
ä=…“*%-C!="%"/ ä%ã%"%!/), 3 þ!,ä,÷“*,. ë,ö , ,…ä,",ä3=ëü…/. C!ä-
C!,…,ì=2ëL, ,ìþ2 C!="% …= C%“%K, “% ä… ƒ=*ëþ÷…, “%%2"2“2"3þ-
?ã% ä%ã%"%!=, …=÷=ë= ÷ë…“2"= (3÷=“2, ) " þ!,ä,÷“*,. ë,ö=. ëþK/.
%!ã=…,ƒ=ö,%……%-C!="%"/. -%!ì.
h…ä,",ä3=ëü…/ C!äC!,…,ì=2ë,, ÷ë…/ *!“2ü …“*,. (-!ì!-
“*,.) .%ƒ L“2", 2"%!÷“*, !=K%2…,*,, ÷=“2…/ …%2=!,3“/, -,ƒ,÷“*,
ë,ö=, %“3?“2"ë þ?, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü…/ì, =*2=ì, ",ä/
!ì“ë……%L ä 2ëü…%“2, C% ƒ= ",2ëü…%ì3 C!,…ö,C3 Kƒ ã%“3ä=!“2"…-
…%L !ã,“2!=ö,, " *=÷“2" ,…ä,",ä3=ëü…/. C!äC!,…,ì=2ëL, ã!=›ä=-
…, "/C%ë… þ?, !=K%2/ C% ã!=›ä=…“*%-C!="%"/ì ä%ã%"%!=ì 3 -,ƒ,-
÷“*,. ë,ö, ,ìþ2 C!="% …= C%“%K, , “ë, “ë3÷=, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
“%K…%“2,, K!ì……%“2, , !%ä%" …=“23C,ë, 3 …,. C%“ë 3Cë=2/ %K ƒ=-
2ëü…/. “2!=.%"/. "ƒ…%“%" " t%…ä “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/ …=“ë…, l,-
…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä= , “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,2/ (ä=ë $ t%…ä) " C%! ä*, 3“2=-
…%"ë……%ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.
k,ö=ì, 3 *%2%!/. …=ƒ"=……/ “ë3÷=, …=“23C,ë, " C!,%ä !=K%2/
(%“3?“2"ë…, C!äC!,…,ì=2ëü“*%L ä 2ëü…%“2,) , äë,ë,“ü C%“ë
%“2="ë…, , C%“%K, C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2üþ, 3“2=…%"ë……%L …=“2% ?,ì
o%ë%›…,ì, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ C% C!›…ì3 ì“23 !=K%2/.
8. k,ö=ì, 3 *%2%!/. "!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2ü " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë-
"=…,ì ,ë, 2!="ì%L, äë ?= “ K%ë 30 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L, ,ë, “ë3÷=L
K!ì……%“2, , !%ä%" …=“23C,ë, " 2÷…, 30 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L C%“ë
C!*!=?…, 2!3ä%"%ã% ä%ã%"%!= C% 3"=›,2ëü…/ì C!,÷,…=ì, C%“%K,
…=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ " C%! ä* ,“*ëþ÷…, *%ì,““,L 2!!,2%!,=ëü…%ã% %!ã=…=
t%…ä= , "/Cë=÷,"=þ2“ C% C!›…ì3 ì“23 !=K%2/.
532
k,ö=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì " ÷=“2, C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, C%“%K, …
…=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ …= C!,%ä "/Cë=2/ "/.%ä…%ã% C%“%K, C!, 3"%ëü……,,.
o%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì " “%%2"2“2",, “ …=“2% ?,ì C3…-
*2%ì … …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ë,ö=ì, ƒ=!ã,“2!,!%"=……/ì " *=÷“2" Kƒ!=K%2-
…/. " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä*, *%2%!/ì 3*=ƒ=……% C%“%K, "/Cë=÷…%
“ë3›K%L ƒ=… 2%“2,.
9. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë"=…,-
ì ,ë, 2!="ì%L, 3.%ä%ì ƒ= !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 , !K…*%ì-
,…"=ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 " “ë3÷= K%냅, ì=2!, ë,K% ä!3ã%ã%
ë,ö=, -=*2,÷“*, %“3?“2"ë þ?ã% 3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ …=
C!,%ä “ C!"%ã% ä… 32!=2/ 2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, ä% ä… "%““2=…%"ë…,
,ë, 3“2=…%"ë…, ,…"=ë,ä…%“2,, …% … K%ë ÷ì …= 120 *=ë…ä=!…/.
ä…L C%ä! ä ë,K% … K%ë ÷ì …= 150 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L “ C!!/"=ì,
ƒ= C%“ëä…, 12 ì“ ö" C!, C%"2%!…/. “ë3÷= . "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ %ä…,ì ë,K% !%ä“2"……/ì, ƒ=K%ë"=…, ì, ,ë, 2!="-
ì%L, = C!, ƒ=K%ë"=…,, 23K!*3ëƒ%ì $ … K%ë ÷ì …= 180 *=ë…ä=!-
…/. ä…L C%ä! ä ,ë, … K%ë ÷ì …= 240 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L “ C!!/"=-
ì, ƒ= C%“ëä…, 12 ì“ ö".
m=ƒ…=÷…, C%“%K,L C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …= K%ë äë,-
2ëü…/ C!,%ä/ C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ …= %“…%"=…,, !ø…, ìä,*%-!=K,ë,-
2=ö,%……%L .*“C!2…%L *%ì,““,, % C!%äë…,, ë÷…, .
10. b!ì……/ì , “ƒ%……/ì !=K%2…,*=ì C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …-
2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ … K%ë ÷ì …= 75 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L "
%K?L “ë%›…%“2,.
aƒ 3*=ƒ=……%ã% %ã!=…,÷…, "!ì……/ì , “ƒ%……/ì !=K%2…,*=ì
…=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ C%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì , C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L
…2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ,:
“ ƒ=K%ë"=…,ì 23K!*3ëƒ%ì;
“ 3.%ä%ì ƒ= K%ëü…/ì !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 14 ë2, !K…*%ì-,…"=-
ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 C!, “2=ö,%…=!…%ì ë÷…,,;
“ 3.%ä%ì ƒ= !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 , !K…*%ì-,…"=ë,ä%ì "
"%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 " “ë3÷= K%냅, ì=2!, ë,K% ä!3ã%ã% ë,ö=, -=*2,÷“-
*, %“3?“2"ë þ?ã% 3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì.
11. k,ö=ì, …=C!="ë……/ì " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä* …= !=K%23 C%“ë
%*%…÷=…, 3÷K…/. ƒ="ä…,L, =“C,!=…23!/ ,ë, *ë,…,÷“*%L %!ä,…=23-
!/, C%“%K, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ “% ä… , 3“2=…%"ë……%ã% äë "*, …= !=K%23.
12. k,ö=ì, …=.%ä ?,ì“ " 2!3ä%"%ì %2C3“*, C%“%K, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“
" “ë3÷= …=“23Cë…, 3 …,. " 3*=ƒ=……/L C!,%ä "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“-
C%“%K…%“2, (*!%ì “ë3÷=" 3.%ä= ƒ= K%ëü…/ì ÷ë…%ì “ìü, , ƒ= !K…-
*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 , !K…*%ì-,…"=ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 "
“ë3÷= K%냅, ì=2!, ë,K% ä!3ã%ã% ë,ö=, -=*2,÷“*, %“3?“2"ë þ?ã%
3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì, = 2=*› “=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2…%ã% ë÷…, !K…*=-,…"=-
ë,ä= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2), %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì.
Š!3ä%"%L %2C3“* " 2=*,. “ë3÷= . C!%äë"=2“ " C%! ä*, 3“2=…%"-
ë……%ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.
13. k,ö=ì, …=.%ä ?,ì“ " %2C3“* C% 3.%ä3 ƒ= !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2
ä% 3 ë2:
533
C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, … …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ;
!=K%2=þ?,ì " C!,%ä 3*=ƒ=……%ã% %2C3“*= …= 3“ë%", . …C%ë…%ã%
!=K%÷ã% "!ì…, (… K%ë C%ë%",…/ ì“ ÷…%L …%!ì/ ÷=“%") , …= ä%ì3,
C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ " “%%2"2“2",, “
…=“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì. b “ë3÷= K%냅, !K…*= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 "
3*=ƒ=……/L C!,%ä C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2-
“ 2%ëü*% ë,ö3, …=.%ä ?ì3“ " %2C3“* C% 3.%ä3 ƒ= …,ì;
C%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ " “%%2"2“2",, “ …=-
“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì.
14. o%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ “ 30 …äëü K!-
ì……%“2, …= 126 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L (›…?,…=ì, C!%›,"=þ?,ì (!=K%-
2=þ?,ì) …= 2!!,2%!,, “ !=ä,%=*2,"…/ì ƒ=ã! ƒ……,ì 1 ju/*".*ì ,
"/ø, $ “ 27 …äëü K!ì……%“2, …= 146 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L) …ƒ=",“,ì%
%2 ÷,“ë= ä…L, -=*2,÷“*, ,“C%ëüƒ%"=……/. ä% !%ä%". b “ë3÷= %“ë%›……-
…/. !%ä%" ,ë, !%›ä…, ä"3. , K%ë ä2L C%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, ,
!%ä=ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= 140 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L (›…?,…=ì, C!%›,"=þ-
?,ì (!=K%2=þ?,ì) …= 2!!,2%!,, “ !=ä,%=*2,"…/ì ƒ=ã! ƒ……,ì 1 ju/
*".*ì , "/ø $ …= 160 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L).
b “ë3÷= !%ä%", …=“23C,"ø,. ä% 30 …äëü K!ì……%“2, (ä% 27 …-
äëü K!ì……%“2, 3 ›…?,…, C!%›,"=þ?,. (!=K%2=þ?,.) …= 2!!,2%-
!,, “ !=ä,%=*2,"…/ì ƒ=ã! ƒ……,ì 1 ju/*".*ì , "/ø), C%“%K, C%
K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= C!,%ä, 3“2=…%"ë……/L ÷=“2üþ
C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, = " “ë3÷= !%›ä…, ì!2"%ã% !K…*= $ …=
70 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L.
k,ö=, 3“/…%","ø, (3ä%÷!,"ø,) !K…*=, = 2=*› …=ƒ…=÷……/
%C*3…=ì, !K…*= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ì“ ö", ,ìþ2 C!="% …= C%“%K, C%
K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …= 70 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L “% ä… 3“/…%"ë…, (3ä%-
÷!…, ) ,ë, 3“2=…%"ë…, %C*,.
15. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, C% 3.%ä3 ƒ= K%ëü…/ì
!K…*%ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ë,ö=ì, %“3?“2"ë þ?,ì 3.%ä ƒ= …,ì:
C!, =ìK3ë=2%!…%ì ë÷…,, !K…*= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 14 ë2 $ …= C!,%ä,
" 2÷…, *%2%!%ã% !K…%* C% ƒ=*ëþ÷…,þ "!=÷= …3›ä=2“ " 3.%ä, …%
… K%ë ÷ì …= 14 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L C% %ä…%ì3 “ë3÷=þ ƒ=K%ë"=…,
(2!="ì/);
C!, “2=ö,%…=!…%ì ë÷…,, !K…*= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 5 ë2 $ …= "“ü
C!,%ä “2=ö,%…=!…%ã% ë÷…, , C!, “2=ö,%…=!…%ì ë÷…,, !K…*= " "%ƒ-
!=“2 %2 5 ä% 14 ë2, !K…*=-,…"=ë,ä= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2, …3›ä=þ?,.-
“ C% ƒ=*ëþ÷…,þ "!=÷L " ä%C%ë…,2ëü…%ì 3.%ä, $ …= "“ü C!,%ä, "
2÷…, *%2%!%ã% %…, …3›ä=þ2“ " 3.%ä.
16. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, C% 3.%ä3 ƒ= !K…*%ì
" "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 , !K…*%ì-,…"=ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 " “ë3÷=
K%냅, ì=2!, ë,K% ä!3ã%ã% ë,ö=, -=*2,÷“*, %“3?“2"ë þ?ã% 3.%ä ƒ=
!K…*%ì, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ë,ö=ì, %“3?“2"ë þ?,ì 3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì, …=
C!,%ä, " 2÷…, *%2%!%ã% ì=2ü ,ë, ä!3ã% ë,ö%, -=*2,÷“*, %“3?“2"-
ë þ? 3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì, … ì%ã32 %“3?“2"ë 2ü ã% " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë"=-
…,ì (2!="ì%L), " C!äë=. “!%*%", 3“2=…%"ë……/. C3…*2%ì 9 …=“2% ?-
ã% o%ë%›…, .
534
b “ë3÷= “ì!2, ì=2!, " C!,%ä %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì
C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, C% 3.%ä3 ƒ= !%ä,"ø,ì“ !-
K…*%ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ë,ö3, %“3?“2"ë þ?ì3 3.%ä ƒ= …,ì, …= C!,%ä 3.%-
ä=, …% … K%ë ÷ì …= 70 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L “% ä… !%›ä…, !K…*=.
17. o!, “=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2…%ì ë÷…,, !K…*=-,…"=ë,ä= " "%ƒ!=“2
ä% 18 ë2 %ä…%ì3 ,ƒ !=K%2=þ?,. !%ä,2ëL, 3“/…%",2ëþ (3ä%÷!,2ëþ),
%C*3…3, C%C÷,2ëþ, " “ìü *%2%!/. "%“C,2/"=2“ !K…%*-,…"=ë,ä "
"%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ C%“%K, …= "“ü C!,%ä “=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2-
…%ã% ë÷…, (“ 3÷2%ì "!ì…, …= C!%ƒä 23ä= , %K!=2…%).
18. h“*ëþ÷….
19. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ 3.%ä%ì ƒ=
K%ëü…/ì ÷ë…%ì “ìü,, ä%“2,ãø,ì 14 ë2, C!, ã% =ìK3ë=2%!…%ì ë÷-
…,, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ë,ö3, %“3?“2"ë þ?ì3 3.%ä ƒ= …,ì, …% … K%ë ÷ì …=
7 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L C% %ä…%ì3 “ë3÷=þ ƒ=K%ë"=…, (2!="ì/).
20. h“*ëþ÷….
21. h“*ëþ÷….
22. b%,…=ì-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2=ì, ,. ›…=ì, = 2=*› "ä%"=ì C%ã,K-
ø,. "%,…%"-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2%" " “ë3÷= …=C!="ë…, ,. " ö…2!/ ì-
ä,ö,…“*%L !=K,ë,2=ö,, "%,…%"-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2%" C%“%K, C% "!ì…-
…%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= C!,%ä ë÷…, " 3*=ƒ=……/. ö…-
2!=., …% … K%ë ÷ì …= 24 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä… , …= "!ì C!%ƒä= 23ä= ,
%K!=2…%.
23. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “ë3÷= C!%2ƒ,!%"=-
…, “ C%ì?…,ì " “2=ö,%…=! C!%2ƒ…%-%!2%Cä,÷“*%ã% C!äC!, 2,
…=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= "“ü C!,%ä …=.%›ä…, " 3*=ƒ=……%ì “2=ö,%…=! , …=
"!ì C!%ƒä= 23ä= , %K!=2…%.
24. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= "“ü
C!,%ä %2“2!=……, %2 !=K%2/ " “" ƒ, “ *=!=…2,…%ì.
25. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “ë3÷= %K%“2!…,
ƒ=K%ë"=…, ,ë, 2!="ì/, C% *%2%!/ì 3“2=…%"ë…= ,…"=ë,ä…%“2ü, …=ƒ…=-
÷=2“ …= C!,%ä "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ 3*=ƒ=……/ì
%K%“2!…,ì, …% … K%ë ÷ì …= 60 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L C%ä! ä ,ë, …
K%ë ÷ì …= 90 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L “ C!!/"=ì, " *=ë…ä=!…%ì ã%ä3.
k,ö=ì, C!,ƒ…=……/ì ,…"=ë,ä=ì, "“ëä“2", ƒ=K%ë"=…, 23K!*3-
ëƒ%ì, C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= C!,%ä
%K%“2!…, 3*=ƒ=……%ã% ƒ=K%ë"=…, , …% … K%ë ÷ì …= 120 *=ë…ä=!…/.
ä…L C%ä! ä ,ë, … K%ë ÷ì …= 150 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L “ C!!/"=ì, "
*=ë…ä=!…%ì ã%ä3.
h…"=ë,ä=ì bë,*%L n2÷“2"……%L "%L…/ , ä!3ã,ì ,…"=ë,ä=ì,
C!,!="………/ì * …,ì C% ëüã%2=ì, = 2=*› ,…"=ë,ä=ì, " %2…%ø…,, *%-
2%!/. 3“2=…%"ë…= C!,÷,……= “" ƒü …=“23C,"øL ,…"=ë,ä…%“2, “ ÷!…%-
K/ëü“*%L *=2=“2!%-%L, " “ë3÷= %K%“2!…, ƒ=K%ë"=…, ,ë, 2!="ì/, C%
*%2%!/ì 3“2=…%"ë…= ,…"=ë,ä…%“2ü, C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ …= C!,%ä 3*=ƒ=……%ã% %K%“2!…, , …% … K%ë ÷ì
…= 120 *=ë…ä=!…/. ä…L C%ä! ä ,ë, … K%ë ÷ì …= 150 *=ë…ä=!…/.
ä…L “ C!!/"=ì, " *=ë…ä=!…%ì ã%ä3.
535
b “ë3÷= . 32!=2/ 2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë"=…,ì ,ë, 2!="-
ì%L, … “" ƒ=……/. “ ,…"=ë,ä…%“2üþ, C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ " “%%2"2“2",, “ C3…*2%ì 9 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›-
…, .
26. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, … …=ƒ…=÷=2“ :
26.1. " “ë3÷= 3ì/øë……%ã% C!,÷,……, "!ä= “"%ì3 ƒä%!%"üþ "
öë . 3*ë%……, %2 !=K%2/ ,ë, %2 ä!3ã,. %K ƒ=……%“2L;
26.2. C!, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, …=“23C,"øL " “" ƒ, “ 2!="-
ì%L, C%ë3÷……%L C!, “%"!ø…,, C!“23Cë…, ;
26.3. ƒ= "!ì C!,…3ä,2ëü…%ã% ë÷…, C% %C!äë…,þ “3ä= (*!%ì
ë,ö, “2!=ä=þ?,. C“,.,÷“*,ì, ƒ=K%ë"=…, ì,);
26.4. ƒ= C!,%ä …=.%›ä…, C%ä =!“2%ì, ƒ= "!ì “3äK…%-ìä,ö,…-
“*%L .*“C!2,ƒ/, ƒ= "!ì %2“2!=……, %2 !=K%2/ " “ë3÷= ., C!ä3“ì%2-
!……/. “2=2üL 49 Š!3ä%"%ã% *%ä*“= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, *!%ì “ë3÷=-
" %2“2!=……, %2 !=K%2/ %!ã=…=ì, ã%“3ä=!“2"……%ã% “=…,2=!…%ã% …=äƒ%-
!= ë,ö, "ë þ?,.“ K=*2!,%…%“,2ë ì,, , " “" ƒ, “ *=!=…2,…%ì, = 2=*-
› ƒ= C!,%ä "!ì……%ã% %2“2!=……, !=K%2…,*= %2 ä%ë›…%“2, " “%%2"2-
“2",, “% “2=2üL 131 rã%ë%"…%-C!%ö““3=ëü…%ã% *%ä*“= p“C3Kë,*, a-
ë=!3“ü;
26.5. ƒ= C!,%ä, *%ãä= ƒ= !=K%2…,*%ì “%.!=… ë“ “!ä…,L ƒ=!=K%2%*
C%ë…%“2üþ ,ë, ÷=“2,÷…% " “%%2"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì, *!%ì C-
!,%ä%" C!%“2% , %Cë=÷,"=ì/. " “%%2"2“2",, “% “2=2üL 71 Š!3ä%"%ã%
*%ä*“= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, , “ë3›K…%L *%ì=…ä,!%"*,;
26.6. ƒ= C!,%ä %2C3“*= Kƒ “%.!=……, ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/;
26.7. ƒ= "!ì “C%!= % ƒ=*%……%“2, 3"%ëü……, (" “ë3÷= "%““2=…%"ë-
…, …= !=K%2 C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, "/Cë=÷,"=2“
“% ä… "/…“…, !ø…, % "%““2=…%"ë…,, …= !=K%2);
26.8. " “ë3÷= …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, 3 ÷ë…=
*%ë.%ƒ= (“ëü“*%.%ƒ L“2"……%ã% C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"……%ã% *%%C!=2,"=) " C!,-
%ä …"/.%ä%" …= !=K%23 Kƒ 3"=›,2ëü…/. C!,÷,… C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2üþ
K%ë 2 ì“ ö".
p`glep{ onqnahi h onp“dnj hu hq)hqkemh“
27. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ " !=ƒì!
80 C!%ö…2%" “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= !=K%÷, ä…,
(÷=“/) C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/ !=K%2…,*=, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= C!"/ 6 *=ë…-
ä=!…/. ä…L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, , " !=ƒì! 100 C!%ö…2%" “!ä…ä…"-
…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= C%“ëä3þ?, !=K%÷, ä…, (÷=“/) …-
C!!/"…%L "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,.
b!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2ü “÷,2=2“ …C!!/"…%L (äë ,“÷,“-
ë…, C%“%K, ), “ë, C!,%ä %“"%K%›ä…, %2 !=K%2/ “%ãë=“…% ë,“2*=ì
…2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, äë,2“ …C!!/"…% ë,K% “ C!!/"=ì, …= …!=K%÷,
ä…, C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/ !=K%2…,*= , " 3*=ƒ=……/L C!,%ä … …=“23C,ë,
%K“2% 2ëü“2"=, "ë, þ?, …= !=ƒì! C%“%K, , ,ë, …%"/L “ë3÷=L "!-
ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, (C3…*2 3 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, ).
536
o%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …=ƒ…=÷=2“ " !=ƒì! 100 C!%ö…-
2%" “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= !=K%÷, ä…, (÷=“/) C%
ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/ !=K%2…,ö/.
l,…,ì=ëü…/L !=ƒì! C%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì ƒ= *=ë…-
ä=!…/L ì“ ö 3“2=…="ë,"=2“ " !=ƒì! 50 C!%ö…2%" …=,K%ëüøL "-
ë,÷,…/ Kþä›2= C!%›,2%÷…%ã% ì,…,ì3ì= " “!ä…ì …= ä3ø3 …=“ë…, ,
32"!›ä……%ã% o!=",2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü ƒ= ä"= C%“ëä…,.
*"=!2=ë=.
o!!=“÷2 C%“%K, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ " “" ƒ, “ ,ƒì……,ì Kþä›2=
C!%›,2%÷…%ã% ì,…,ì3ì= " “!ä…ì …= ä3ø3 …=“ë…, . o!, .2%ì ,“-
C%ëüƒ32“ …=,K%ëüø= "ë,÷,…= 3*=ƒ=……%ã% Kþä›2= C!%›,2%÷…%ã%
ì,…,ì3ì=, 32"!›ä……%ã% o!=",2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü ƒ= ä"=
C%“ëä…,. *"=!2=ë=.
28. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ “ C!"%ã%
ä… 32!=2/ 2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " !=ƒì! 100 C!%ö…2%" “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä-
…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= !=K%÷, ä…, (÷=“/) C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/ !=K%2…,*=:
28.1. ,…"=ë,ä=ì bë,*%L n2÷“2"……%L "%L…/ , ä!3ã,ì ,…"=ë,-
ä=ì, C!,!="………/ì * …,ì C% ëüã%2=ì;
28.2. 3÷=“2…,*=ì ë,*",ä=ö,, C%“ëä“2",L *=2=“2!%-/ …= )!…%-
K/ëü“*%L `}q, ë,ö=ì, C!%›,"=þ?,ì (!=K%2=þ?,ì) " ƒ%…=. ."=*3=ö,,,
C!"%%÷!ä…%ã% , C%“ëä3þ?ã% %2“ë…,L, = 2=*› "/.="ø,ì (."=*3-
,!%"=……/ì, %2“ë……/ì) ,ƒ .2,. ƒ%…;
28.3. "%,…=ì-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2=ì, “ë, "!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K-
…%“2ü ",ë=“ü “ëä“2",ì !=……, , *%…23ƒ,, ,ë, ƒ=K%ë"=…, , C%ë3÷…-
…%ã% C!, "/C%ë……,, ,…2!…=ö,%…=ëü…%ã% ä%ëã=, = 2=*› " “ë3÷= …=-
C!="ë…, ,. …= ë÷…, " ö…2!/ ìä,ö,…“*%L !=K,ë,2=ö,, "%,…%"-
,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2%";
28.4. ë,ö=ì, ,ìþ?,ì …= ,›ä,"…,, 2!%,. , K%ë ä2L " "%ƒ!=“-
2 ä% 16 ë2 (3÷=?,.“ $ ä% 18 ë2);
28.5. ›…=ì "%,…%"-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2%", = 2=*› "ä%"=ì C%ã,K-
ø,. "%,…%"-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2%" " “ë3÷= …=C!="ë…, ,. …= ë÷…, "
ö…2!/ ìä,ö,…“*%L !=K,ë,2=ö,, "%,…%"-,…2!…=ö,%…=ë,“2%";
28.6. ä%…%!=ì " 2÷…, 12 ì“ ö" C%“ë C%“ëä…L “ä=÷, *!%", ,
*%ìC%……2%" C!, 3“ë%",,, ÷2% ä%…%!-ì3›÷,…= “ä=ë *!%"ü ,ë, *%ì-
C%……2/ … ì… 5 !=ƒ, ä%…%!-›…?,…= $ … ì… 3 !=ƒ ƒ= 12 ì“ ö",
C!äø“2"3þ?,. C%“ëä…L “ä=÷ *!%",;
28.7. ä%…%!=ì …= C!,%ä …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, …=“23C,"øL " “" ƒ, “
ƒ=K%!%ì 3 …,. %!ã=…%" ,ë, 2*=…L;
28.8. *!3ãë/ì “,!%2=ì ä% ä%“2,›…, ,ì, "%ƒ!=“2= 21 ã%ä=;
28.9. " “ë3÷= . 3.%ä= ƒ= K%ëü…/ì !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 14 ë2 C!,
=ìK3ë=2%!…%ì ë÷…,, , ƒ= K%ëü…/ì !K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 14 ë2 (!-
K…*%ì-,…"=ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2) C!, “2=ö,%…=!…%ì ë÷…,,, ƒ=
!K…*%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 3 ë2 , !K…*%ì-,…"=ë,ä%ì " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2
" “ë3÷= K%냅, ì=2!, ë,K% ä!3ã%ã% ë,ö=, -=*2,÷“*, %“3?“2"ë þ?-
ã% 3.%ä ƒ= !K…*%ì, = 2=*› “=…=2%!…%-*3!%!2…%ã% ë÷…, !K…*=-,…-
537
"=ë,ä= " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% 18 ë2 C!, …=ë,÷,, ƒ=*ëþ÷…, "!=÷K…%-*%…“3ëü-
2=2,"…%L *%ì,““,, % …%K.%ä,ì%“2, “%C!%"%›ä…, 2=*%ã% !K…*=;
28.10. 32!=2,ë “,ë3;
28.11. " “ë3÷= "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, …=“23C,"øL C!,
"/C%ë……,, ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %K ƒ=……%“2L, “C=“=…,, ÷ë%"÷“*%L ›,ƒ-
…,, %.!=… C!="%C%! ä*=, ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L , ÷=“2…%L “%K“2"……%“2,.
29. o%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ " !=ƒì!
50 C!%ö…2%" %2 C%“%K, , ,“÷,“ë……%ã% " “%%2"2“2",, “ ÷=“2üþ C!"%L
C3…*2= 27 ,ë, C3…*2%ì 28 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, " “ë3÷= .:
29.1. "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë"=…,ì ,ë,
2!="ì%L, C!,÷,…%L *%2%!/. ",ë%“ü 3C%2!Kë…, =ë*%ã%ë , …=!*%2,-
÷“*,. ,ë, 2%*“,÷“*,. "?“2";
29.2. …=!3ø…, !›,ì=, 3“2=…%"ë……%ã% "!=÷%ì ,ë, *%ì,““,L C%
…=ƒ…=÷…,þ C%“%K,L, $ “% ä… ã% …=!3ø…, …= “!%*, 3“2=…="ë,"=ì/L
*%ì,““,L Cë=2ëü?,*= C% …=ƒ…=÷…,þ C%“%K,L;
29.3. …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, " C!,%ä C!%ã3ë=
Kƒ 3"=›,2ëü…%L C!,÷,…/.
30. k,ö=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì " C3…*2 8 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, , !=ƒì!
C%“%K,L 3“2=…="ë,"=2“ *%ì,““,L 2!!,2%!,=ëü…%ã% %!ã=…= t%…ä=
ä,--!…ö,!%"=……% " ƒ=",“,ì%“2, %2 C!,÷,…/ 3"%ëü……, , C!%ä%ë›,-
2ëü…%“2, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, , ,. ì=2!,=ëü…%ã% C%ë%›-
…, . nä…=*% %… … ì%›2 C!"/ø=2ü !=ƒì! C%“%K,L, 3“2=…%"ë……/L
…=“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì.
p=ƒì! C%“%K, C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì … ì%›2 K/2ü …,› ì,-
…,ì=ëü…%ã% !=ƒì!=, 3“2=…%"ë……%ã% ÷=“2üþ ÷2"!2%L C3…*2= 27 …=“2%-
?ã% o%ë%›…, .
31. o%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=-
K%2*= ƒ= 2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö=, C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3, " *%2%!%ì …=-
“23C,ë= "!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2ü, %2C3“* C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì.
32. b ƒ=!=K%2%* äë ,“÷,“ë…, C%“%K,L "*ëþ÷=þ2“ "“ ",ä/ %C-
ë=2/ 2!3ä=, …= *%2%!/ " “%%2"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì …=÷,“ë þ2-
“ %K ƒ=2ëü…/ “2!=.%"/ "ƒ…%“/.
g=!=K%2…= Cë=2=, …=äK="*, , ä%Cë=2/ * …L "*ëþ÷=þ2“ " ƒ=!=K%-
2%* 2%ã% ì“ ö=, ƒ= *%2%!/L %…, …=÷,“ë…/.
o!ì,, , ,…/ "/Cë=2/, “%%2"2“2"3þ?, 2!K%"=…, ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì
" ÷=“2, C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, "*ëþ÷=þ2“ " ƒ=!=K%2%* ƒ= 2%2 ì-
“ ö, " *%2%!%ì %…, "/Cë=÷…/. l“ öì ,. "/Cë=2/ “÷,2=2“ ì“ ö,
…= *%2%!/L %…, C!,.%ä 2“ “%ãë=“…% ë,ö"%ì3 “÷23, !=“÷2…%L "ä%ì%-
“2,. e“ë, " ì“ ö, ƒ= *%2%!/L ,“÷,“ë 2“ ƒ=!=K%2%*, !=K%2…,* %2!=K%-
2=ë … "“ !=K%÷, ä…, C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/, 3*=ƒ=……/ C!ì,, , ,…/
"/Cë=2/ C!, ,“÷,“ë…,, C%“%K,L 3÷,2/"=þ2“ C!%C%!ö,%…=ëü…% %2!=-
K%2=……%ì3 "!ì…, " ä=……%ì ì“ ö. o!ì,, ƒ= 2*3?,L ì“ ö, "/Cë=-
÷……/ " .2%ì › ì“ ö, "*ëþ÷=þ2“ " ƒ=!=K%2%* äë ,“÷,“ë…, C%“%-
K,L " C%ë…%ì !=ƒì!.
b/Cë=2/ ƒ= ä…, %“"%K%›ä…, %2 !=K%2/, *%2%!/ ,“*ëþ÷=þ2“ ,ƒ
C%ä“÷2= C!, ,“÷,“ë…,, “%ãë=“…% C3…*23 35 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, C%-
538
“%K,L, = 2=*› "/Cë=2/, …= *%2%!/ !=K%2…,* … 32!=÷,"=2 C!="% "
“" ƒ, “ "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2üþ, " ƒ=!=K%2%* äë ,“÷,“ë…, C%-
“%K,L … "*ëþ÷=þ2“ .
33. p=K%2…,*=ì, 3 *%2%!/. " 2÷…, 2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö", C!ä-
ø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3 …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“-
*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, ,ë, " ì“ ö ,. …=“23Cë…, ,ìë, ì“2%
C!,ì …= !=K%23, C!"%ä …= ä!3ã3þ !=K%23, 3"ë,÷…, !=ƒì!= 2=!,--
…%L “2="*, (%*ë=ä=) (Kƒ …=äK="%* , C%"/ø…,L), ,ƒì……, -%!ì/ %C-
ë=2/ 2!3ä=, C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= C!,%ä !=K%2/ “% ä…
3*=ƒ=……/. ,ƒì……,L ä% …=÷=ë= "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*=
C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì.
p=K%2…,*=ì, 3 *%2%!/. "!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2ü, %2C3“* C%
K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …=“23C,ë, " ä…ü C!"%ä= …= ä!3ã3þ !=K%23, 3"-
ë,÷…, !=ƒì!= 2=!,-…%L “2="*, (%*ë=ä=) (Kƒ …=äK="%* , C%"/ø…,L),
,ƒì……, -%!ì/ %Cë=2/ 2!3ä= ,ë, C%ƒä…, … ,ìþ?,ì ƒ=!=K%2*= “
.2%ã% ä… ä% ä… …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, ,ë, %2C3“-
*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä-
…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= 2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö=, C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3
…=÷=ë= "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì.
p=K%2…,*=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì " ÷=“2, "2%!%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, *%2%-
!/ … ,ìþ2 !=K%÷,. ä…L " 2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö=., C!äø“2"3þ?,.
ì“ ö3 …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì…-
…%“2, , !%ä=ì, C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë 2“ C% C!=",ë=ì ÷=“2L "2%!%L , 2!-
2üL C3…*2= 34 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, .
p=K%2…,*=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì " ÷=“2, "2%!%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, 3 *%2%-
!/. " 2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö=., C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3 "!ì……%L …-
2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, ,ë, " ì“ ö ,.
…=“23Cë…, 2=*› ,ìë, ì“2% C!"%ä …= ä!3ã3þ !=K%23, C%"/ø…,
!=ƒì!= 2=!,-…%L “2="*, (%*ë=ä=), ,ƒì……, -%!ì/ %Cë=2/ 2!3ä=, C%-
“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= C!,%ä “% ä… 3*=ƒ=……/. ,ƒì……,L
ä% …=÷=ë= "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%-
ä=ì.
p=K%2…,*=ì, 3 *%2%!/. "!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2ü, %2C3“* C%
K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì …=“23C,ë, " ä…ü C%"/ø…, 2=!,-…%L “2="*,
(%*ë=ä=) (Kƒ …=äK="%* , C%"/ø…,L) ë,K% C%ƒä…, … ,ìþ?,ì ƒ=!=-
K%2*= “ .2%ã% ä… ä% ä… …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,,
%2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, !=ƒì! C%“%K,L 3"ë,÷,"=2“ …= *%-
.--,ö,…2 !%“2= 2=!,-…%L “2="*, (%*ë=ä=) !=K%2…,*= “% ä… (ã%)
C%"/ø…, .
34. p=K%2…,*=ì, … ,ìþ?,ì !=K%÷,. ä…L (÷=“%") " 2 *=ë…ä=!-
…/. ì“ ö=., C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3 …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3-
ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“
,ƒ “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= !=K%÷, ä…, (÷=“/) ä%
…=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, ,
!%ä=ì " 3*=ƒ=……%ì ì“ ö.
p=K%2…,*=ì, … ,ìþ?,ì !=K%÷,. ä…L (÷=“%") " 2 *=ë…ä=!…/.
ì“ ö=., C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3 …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
539
“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, , " ì“ ö ,. …=“23Cë…, ,
C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ 2=!,-…%L “2="*, (%*ë=ä=) (Kƒ …=äK="%* , C%"/-
ø…,L), 3“2=…%"ë……%L(%ã%) …= ä…ü …=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%-
“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì ,ë, …= ä…ü C!,%K!2…,
C!="= …= C%“%K, . o!, .2%ì " ƒ=!=K%2%* äë ,“÷,“ë…, C%“%K, "*ëþ-
÷=þ2“ C!ì,, , ,…/ "/Cë=2/, C!,.%ä ?,“ “%ãë=“…% ë,ö"%ì3 “÷23,
!=“÷2…%L "ä%ì%“2, …= 2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö=, C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3
…=“23Cë…, "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, ,ë, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“-
2, , !%ä=ì.
e“ë, !=K%2…,*=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì " ÷=“2, "2%!%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, "
2 *=ë…ä=!…/. ì“ ö=., C!äø“2"3þ?,. ì“ ö3 …=“23Cë…, "!ì…-
…%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, %2C3“*= C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì, , " ì“ ö ,.
…=“23Cë…, "/Cë=÷,"=ë,“ü C%“%K, C% "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,,
C% K!ì……%“2, , !%ä=ì ë,K% ƒ= …,ì, “%.!=… ë“ “!ä…,L ƒ=!=K%2%* "
“%%2"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì, C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ “!ä…ä…"-
…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=K%2*=, C!,ì… ì%ã% äë ,. ,“÷,“ë…, . e“ë,
" .2%ì C!,%ä !=K%2…,*3 C!%,ƒ"%ä,ë%“ü …“*%ëü*% 2=*,. "/Cë=2, C%“%-
K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ K%ë "/“%*%ã% “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=-
K%2*=, C!,ì… ì%ã% äë ,. ,“÷,“ë…, .
p=K%2…,*=ì, ,ìþ?,ì C!="% …= ,“÷,“ë…, C%“%K, " “%%2"2“2",,
“ ÷=“2 ì, "2%!%L , 2!2üL …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë 2“ C%
K%ë "/ã%ä…%ì3 "=!,=…23.
35. o%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ “!ä…ä…"…%ã% (“!ä…÷=“%"%ã%) ƒ=!=-
K%2*=, %C!äë ì%ã% C32ì äë…, ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= “%%2"2“2"3þ?,L C-
!,%ä (“%ãë=“…% C3…*2=ì 31$34 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, ) …= ÷,“ë% !=K%÷,.
ä…L (÷=“%") C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/ !=K%2…,*= " .2%ì C!,%ä. o!, .2%ì "
÷,“ë% !=K%÷,. ä…L (÷=“%"), …= *%2%!/ äë,2“ ƒ=!=K%2%*, … "*ëþ÷=þ2-
“ C!,%ä/ %“"%K%›ä…, %2 !=K%2/ " “" ƒ, “ "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“C%“%K-
…%“2üþ, 2!3ä%"/ì , “%ö,=ëü…/ì %2C3“*=ì,, C!%“2%ì … C% ",… !=K%2-
…,*= , " ä!3ã,. “ë3÷= ., C!ä3“ì%2!……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.
o%“%K, …=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ ƒ= C!%C3?……/ C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/ !=K%÷,
ä…, (÷=“/), 3ä%“2%"!……/ ë,“2*%ì …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,.
k,ö=ì, 3*=ƒ=……/ì " C3…*2 12 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, , C%“%K,
…=ƒ…=÷=þ2“ ƒ= C!%C3?……/ !=K%÷, ä…, (÷=“/) C% ã!=-,*3 !=K%2/, C%
*%2%!%ì3 %…, !=K%2=ë, K/, “ë, K/ … …=.%ä,ë,“ü " %2C3“*.
p=K%2…,*=ì, 3 *%2%!/. "!ì……= …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2ü …=“23C,ë= "
C!,%ä !=K%2/ , C!%ä%ë›=ë=“ü C%“ë 3"%ëü……, , ƒ= C!,%ä C%“ë ä…
3"%ëü……, C%“%K, …=ƒ…=÷=2“ ƒ= ä…,, 3ä%“2%"!……/ ë,“2*%ì …2!3-
ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= !=K%÷, ä…, C!, C 2,ä…"…%L !=K%÷L
…äë.
36. r2!=2,ë “,ë3.
37. k,ö=ì, !=K%÷ "!ì *%2%!/. … C%ää=2“ 3÷23 (…=ä%ì…,*,,
“2!=.%"/ =ã…2/, “K%!?,*, "2%!,÷…%ã% “/!ü , ë,ö=, ƒ=…,ì=þ?,“
ì=!*2,…ã%ì, , ä!3ã,), ÷ë…=ì .*,C=›L “3ä%" !÷…%ã% , ì%!“*%ã% -ë%-
2= C%“%K, ,“÷,“ë þ2“ ,ƒ ƒ=!=K%2*=, %C!äë ì%ã% C% C!=",ë=ì C3…*-
2%" 31$34 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, . o!, .2%ì “!ä…ä…"…%L ƒ=!=K%2%*
%C!äë 2“ C32ì äë…, %K?L “3ìì/ ƒ=!=K%2*= ƒ= “%%2"2“2"3þ-