Василевич Г.А. (ред.) Сборник нормативных правовых актов о труде. В 2 т. Том 1

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2!2ü,ì C%äC3…*2= 2.5 C3…*2= 2 d*!2= o!ƒ,ä…2= p“C3Kë,*, aë=-

!3“ü %2 26 ,þë 1999 ã. 1 29 &n ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/. ì!=. C% “%"!ø…“2"%-

"=…,þ 2!3ä%"/. %2…%ø…,L, 3*!Cë…,þ 2!3ä%"%L , ,“C%ë…,2ëü“*%L

ä,“ö,Cë,…/[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=-

!3“ü, 1999 ã., 1 58,1/512);

C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= *"=!2=ë:

ƒ= *=›ä/L C!%ö…2…/L C3…*2 C!,!%“2= !…2=Këü…%“2, !=ë,ƒ%-

"=……%L C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã), ,“÷,“ë……/L …=!=“2=þ?,ì

,2%ã%ì “ …=÷=ë= ã%ä=, " !=ƒì! ä% 3 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…%, …% …

K%ë ÷ì …= 15 C!%ö…2%" 2=!,-…%ã% %*ë=ä=;

ƒ= "/C%ë……, ä!3ã,. 3“2=…%"ë……/. " *%…2!=*2 C%*=ƒ=2ëL ä%

30 C!%ö…2%" 2=!,-…%ã% %*ë=ä= "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% C!, 3“ë%",, “%Këþä…,

3“2=…%"ë……%ã% …%!ì=2,"= ƒ=C=“%" ã%2%"%L C!%ä3*ö,, C% %2…%ø…,þ *

“!ä…ì“ ÷…%ì3 %KAì3 C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"=.

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äëü…%“2,.

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95 C!%ö…2%" 2=!,-…%ã% %*ë=ä=.

o!, …"/C%ë……,, "“. 3“2=…%"ë……/. C%*=ƒ=2ëL !3*%"%ä,2ëþ

"%““2=…="ë,"=2“ 2=!,-…/L %*ë=ä “ 3÷2%ì ã% C%"/ø…, , C!ä3“ì%2-

!……%ã% =Kƒ=öì "2%!/ì ÷=“2, C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=.

q3ìì/ C%"/ø…,L, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ …=“2% ?,ì C3…*2%ì, “3ìì,-

!3þ2“ “ 2=!,-…/ì %*ë=ä%ì, %K!=ƒ3 ä%ë›…%“2…%L %*ë=ä !3*%"%ä,2ë .

6. p3*%"%ä,2ë ì ì%ã32 3“2=…="ë,"=2ü“ …=äK="*, ƒ=:

“ë%›…%“2ü , …=C! ›……%“2ü !=K%2/ " !=ƒì! ä% 50 C!%ö…2%" ("*ëþ-

÷,2ëü…%) ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä=;

C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2ü …C!!/"…%L !=K%2/ (“2=› !=K%2/) " !=ƒì!

ä% 20 C!%ö…2%" ("*ëþ÷,2ëü…%) ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä=.

p3*%"%ä,2ë ì .--*2,"…% !=K%2=þ?,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, C!,%K!2ø,.

" C%! ä*, 3“2=…%"ë……%ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì, " !ƒ3ëü2=2 !%!ã=…,ƒ=-

ö,,, C!,%K!2…, (Kƒ"%ƒìƒä…%L C!ä=÷,) C!äC!, 2, *=* ,ì3?“2"…-

…%ã% *%ìCë*“= C!="= , %K ƒ=……%“2, 3K/2%÷…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, *!%ì 3K/-

2%÷…/. “ëü“*%.%ƒ L“2"……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, *%2%!/ì " “%%2"2“2",, “

ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì C!ä%“2="ë…= %2“!%÷*= (!=““!%÷*=) C%ã=ø…, ƒ=ä%ë-

›……%“2, C% …=ë%ã=ì , ,…/ì Cë=2›=ì " Kþä›2, ì%ã32 3“2=…="ë,-

"=2ü“ C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= *"=!2=ë …=äK="*, ƒ= 3"ë,÷…, %KAì%"

3C!="ë…÷“*%ã% 2!3ä= " !=ƒì!, … C!"/ø=þ?ì 30 C!%ö…2%" 2=!,--

…%ã% %*ë=ä= “ 3÷2%ì ã% C%"/ø…, , C!ä3“ì%2!……%ã% =Kƒ=öì "2%!/ì

÷=“2, C!"%L C3…*2= 5 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, .

b…%"ü …=ƒ…=÷……/ì !3*%"%ä,2ë ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ,ìþ?,. C!ä%“-

2="ë……3þ " “%%2"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì %2“!%÷*3 ë,K% !=““!%÷*3

C% …=ë%ã=ì , ,…/ì Cë=2›=ì " Kþä›2, ì%ã32 3“2=…="ë,"=2ü“ C% ,2%-

ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= *"=!2=ë …=äK="*, ƒ= "/“%*, ä%“2,›…, " 2!3ä " !=ƒì-

!, … C!"/ø=þ?ì 20 C!%ö…2%" 2=!,-…%ã% %*ë=ä= “ 3÷2%ì ã% C%"/-

ø…, , C!ä3“ì%2!……%ã% =Kƒ=öì "2%!/ì ÷=“2, C!"%L C3…*2= 5 …=“2%-

?ã% o%ë%›…, .

nK ƒ=2ëü…/ì, 3“ë%", ì, …=÷,“ë…, , "/Cë=2/ …=äK="%*, 3“2=-

…%"ë……/. " “%%2"2“2",, “ ÷=“2 ì, "2%!%L , 2!2üL …=“2% ?ã% C3…*-

2=, "ë þ2“ 3ë3÷ø…, !ƒ3ëü2=2%" -,…=…“%"%-.%ƒ L“2"……%L ä 2ëü-

…%“2, %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= *"=!2=ë C% “!="……,þ “ *"=!2=-

ë%ì, C!äø“2"3þ?,ì %2÷2…%ì3, “"%"!ì……= 3Cë=2= 2*3?,. Cë=2-

›L " Kþä›2 , “%Këþä…, ã!=-,*%" C%ã=ø…, ƒ=ä%ë›……%“2, C% …=-

ë%ã=ì , ,…/ì Cë=2›=ì " Kþä›2, C% *%2%!/ì C!ä%“2="ë…= %2“!%÷-

*= ë,K% !=““!%÷*=.

7. o!ì,!%"=…, !3*%"%ä,2ëL C% !ƒ3ëü2=2=ì -,…=…“%"%-.%ƒ L-

“2"……%L ä 2ëü…%“2, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ C% “ëä3þ?,ì C%*=ƒ=2ë ì:

!%“2 "/!3÷*,, C%ë3÷……%L %2 !=ë,ƒ=ö,, C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%"=!%" (!=-

K%2, 3“ë3ã);

“…,›…, ƒ=2!=2 …= !3Këü 2%"=!…%L C!%ä3*ö,,;

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"/C%ë……, öë"/. C%*=ƒ=2ëL C% .…!ã%“K!›…,þ, 3"ë,÷…,þ

,“C%ëüƒ%"=…, ì“2…/. ",ä%" 2%Cë,"=, …2!=ä,ö,%……/. , "2%!,÷…/.

.…!ã%!“3!“%" , “…,›…, .…!ã%ì*%“2, C!%ä3*ö,,;

ä!3ã, C%*=ƒ=2ë, .--*2,"…%“2, !=K%2/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, 3“2=…%"ë…-

…/ %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"ø,ì *%…2!=*2.

l=*“,ì=ëü…/L !=ƒì! C!ì,, !3*%"%ä,2ë C% !ƒ3ëü2=2=ì -,-

…=…“%"%-.%ƒ L“2"……%L ä 2ëü…%“2, … ì%›2 C!"/ø=2ü 60 C!%ö…2%"

ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä=.

q%K“2"……,*%ì ,ì3?“2"= ë,K% %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"ø,ì *%…2!=*2,

ì%›2 K/2ü 3“2=…%"ë…% C!ì,!%"=…, !3*%"%ä,2ëL 3K/2%÷…/. %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,L " ƒ=",“,ì%“2, %2 “…,›…, 3K/2*= %2 !=ë,ƒ=ö,, C!%ä3*ö,,,

2%"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã) ƒ= *=›ä/L C!%ö…2…/L C3…*2 “…,›…, " !=ƒì!

ä% 5 C!%ö…2%" ("*ëþ÷,2ëü…%), …% … K%ë 30 C!%ö…2%" ä%ë›…%“2…%ã%

%*ë=ä=.

8. d%C%ë…,2ëü…% C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= *"=!2=ë !3*%"%ä,2ë ì ì%-

ã32 "/Cë=÷,"=2ü“ C!ì,, ,ƒ C!,K/ë,, %“2="øL“ C%“ë …=ë%ã%%Kë%›-

…, , ƒ=:

C!"/C%ë……, Cë=…%"%ã% ƒ=ä=…, C% C!,K/ë, (!…2=Këü…%“2,),

C%ë3÷……%L %2 !=ë,ƒ=ö,, C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã), “%Këþä-

…, …%!ì=2,"= C!*!=?…, %K ƒ=2ëü“2" Kƒ C%“23Cë…, ä…›…/.

“!ä“2", 3"ë,÷…, ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%", C!,… 2/. …= ä%C%ë…,2ëü-

…% ""ä……/ !=K%÷, ì“2=, "/C%ë……, %2!=“ë"%L C!%ã!=ìì/ ,ìC%!-

2%ƒ=ì?…, , ä!3ã, 3“2=…%"ë……/ C%*=ƒ=2ë, " !=ƒì!, … C!"/ø=-

þ?ì 60 C!%ö…2%" ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä= ƒ= *"=!2=ë;

C!"/C%ë……, ä%"ä……/. öë"/. C%*=ƒ=2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, ì,,

,ìþ?,ì, "/“%*3þ .--*2,"…%“2ü , C!,%!,22…% ƒ…=÷…, " !=ƒ",2,,

%2!=“ë,, " !=ƒì! ä% 20 C!%ö…2%" ("*ëþ÷,2ëü…%) ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä=.

9. p3*%"%ä,2ë ì ì%ã32 "/Cë=÷,"=2ü“ ,ƒ C!,K/ë,, %“2="øL“

C%“ë …=ë%ã%%Kë%›…, :

“Cö,=ëü…/ ",ä/ C!ì,L ƒ= "…ä!…, …%"/. ",ä%" 2.…,*, , 2.-

…%ë%ã,,, 3"ë,÷…, "/C3“*= .*“C%!2…%L C!%ä3*ö,,, %“"%…, C!%,ƒ"%ä-

“2"= …%"/. ",ä%" C!%ä3*ö,,, .*%…%ì,þ 2%Cë,"…%-.…!ã2,÷“*,. , ì=-

2!,=ëü…/. !“3!“%", “%*!=?…, ä%ë, ,ìC%!2…/. “%“2="ë þ?,. " ƒ=2-

!=2=. …= C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"% C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã), ""%ä " äL“2",

…%"/. ì%?…%“2L , %KA*2%" , ä!3ã,. nK?,L !=ƒì! “Cö,=ëü…/. C!-

ì,L … ì%›2 C!"/ø=2ü 6 ä%ë›…%“2…/. %*ë=ä%" !3*%"%ä,2ë " ã%ä;

"%ƒ…=ã!=›ä…, C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= ã%ä “%ãë=“…% 3“ë%", ì "/Cë=-

2/ 3*=ƒ=……%ã% "%ƒ…=ã!=›ä…, !=K%2…,*=ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, " !=ƒì!, 3“2=-

…%"ë……%ì %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"ø,ì *%…2!=*2, …% … K%ë %ä…%ã% “!ä…-

ì“ ÷…%ã% ƒ=!=K%2*= " ã%ä;

ì=2!,=ëü…= C%ì%?ü, *=* C!=",ë%, C!, C!ä%“2="ë…,, 2!3ä%"%ã%

%2C3“*= " !=ƒì! ä% 1,7 ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä=;

›ì“ ÷…/ ä%Cë=2/ ƒ= 3÷…/ “2C…, *=…ä,ä=2= …=3* , ä%*2%!=

…=3* " !=ƒì! “%%2"2“2"……% 5 , 10 C!%ö…2%" 2=!,-…%ã% %*ë=ä= “ 3÷-

2%ì ã% C%"/ø…, , C!ä3“ì%2!……%ã% =Kƒ=öì "2%!/ì ÷=“2, C!"%L

406

C3…*2= 5 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, , ƒ= ,“*ëþ÷…,ì !3*%"%ä,2ëL, *%2%-

!/ì ä%Cë=2/ ƒ= 3÷…/ “2C…, , ƒ"=…, 3“2=…="ë,"=þ2“ " “%%2"2-

“2",, “ C%äC3…*2=ì, 1.2 , 1.3 C3…*2= 1 r*=ƒ= o!ƒ,ä…2= p“C3Kë,*,

aë=!3“ü %2 25 “…2 K! 2007 ã. 1 450 &nK 3“2=…%"ë…,, ä%Cë=2 ƒ= 3÷-

…/ “2C…, , ƒ"=…, [ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,-

*, aë=!3“ü, 2007 ã., 1 235, 1/8940);

ä!3ã, "/Cë=2/ " !=ƒì!, … C!"/ø=þ?ì !=ƒì!= ä%ë›…%“2…%ã%

%*ë=ä= C% *=›ä%ì3 %“…%"=…,þ, " ÷,“ë *%2%!/. ä,…%"!ì……/ C!ì,,

" “" ƒ, “ þK,ëL…/ì, ä=2=ì, %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, C!%-““,%…=ëü…/ì, C!=ƒä-

…,*=ì,, þK,ëL…/ì, ä=2=ì, !%›ä…, !3*%"%ä,2ëL, 3"%ëü……,ì

!3*%"%ä,2ëL " “" ƒ, “ ,. 3.%ä%ì …= C…“,þ.

10. b/Cë=2= "“. ",ä%" C!ì,L !3*%"%ä,2ëþ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, C!%,ƒ-

"%ä,2“ “ !=ƒ!ø…, %!ã=…=, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"øã% *%…2!=*2.

11. q 3÷2%ì …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, *%…*!2…/ !=ƒì!/ 3"ë,÷-

…, 2=!,-…%ã% , ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä= C% 3“2=…%"ë……/ì C%*=ƒ=2ë ì,

!=ƒì!/ …=äK="%*, ä%Cë=2, C%*=ƒ=2ë,, !=ƒì!/ , 3“ë%", C!ì,!%"=…,

, %“…%"=…, äë “…,›…, (ë,ø…, ) C!ì,L, = 2=*› ä!3ã,. "/Cë=2

%C!äë þ2“ %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"ø,ì *%…2!=*2.

nK ƒ=2ëü…/ì, %“…%"=…, ì, äë “…,›…, (ë,ø…, ) C!ì,L !3-

*%"%ä,2ëþ "ë þ2“ !=ë,ƒ=ö, C!%ä3*ö,, (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã), … “%%2"2-

“2"3þ?L 2!K%"=…, ì “2=…ä=!2%", …%“3?“2"ë…, ì! C% “%Këþä…,þ

C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"……%L, 2!3ä%"%L , ,“C%ë…,2ëü“*%L ä,“ö,Cë,…/ , %K“C÷-

…,þ Kƒ%C=“…%ã% 2!3ä= " "%ƒãë="ë ì%L ,ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, = 2=*› …%K“-

C÷…, …=!=“2=þ?,ì ,2%ã%ì “ …=÷=ë= %2÷2…%ã% ã%ä= %Cë=2/ " C%ë…%ì

%KAì 2*3?ã% C%2!Kë…, C!,!%ä…%ã% ã=ƒ=, .ë*2!,÷“*%L , 2Cë%-

"%L .…!ã,,, 2"!ä/. ",ä%" 2%Cë,"=.

12. o%! ä%*, 3“ë%", , !=ƒì!/ "/Cë=2 !3*%"%ä,2ëþ ä%C%ë…,2ëü-

…/. ä…›…/. “3ìì (C!ä%“2="ë…, *!ä,2%", ““3ä, %Cë=2= C!ä“2=",-

2ëü“*,. !=“.%ä%", C!,%K!2…, …= “!ä“2"= %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, ›,ëü , ä!3-

ã,. "/Cë=2) " *=›ä%ì *%…*!2…%ì “ë3÷= %C!äë þ2“ !ø…,ì %!ã=…=,

ƒ=*ëþ÷,"øã% *%…2!=*2.

13. b/Cë=2/ ,ƒ C!,K/ë,, %“2="øL“ C%“ë …=ë%ã%%Kë%›…, , (-%…ä=

C%2!Kë…, ), C!ä3“ì%2!……/ …=“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì, ì%ã32 C!%,ƒ"%-

ä,2ü“ !3*%"%ä,2ë ì C!, 3“ë%",, “%Këþä…, …%!ì=2,"%" !=“C!äë-

…, C!,K/ë,, %“2="øL“ C%“ë …=ë%%Kë%›…, , " -%…ä …=*%Cë…, ,

-%…ä C%2!Kë…, , 3“2=…%"ë……/. %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"ø,ì *%…2!=*2.

14. h…ä*“=ö, ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ !3*%"%ä,2ë " “" ƒ, “ !%“2%ì

!%ƒ…,÷…/. ö… …= 2%"=!/ , 2=!,-%" …= 3“ë3ã, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ " C%! ä*,

3“2=…%"ë……%ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.

15. p=ƒì!/ C!ì,L , …=äK="%*, "/Cë=÷,"=ì/. !3*%"%ä,2ëþ %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,,, …=÷,“ë þ2“ “"!. 3“2=…%"ë……%ã% ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì …%!ì=-

2,"= "*ëþ÷…, " ƒ=2!=2/ C% C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"3 , !=ë,ƒ=ö,, C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%-

"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã), 3÷,2/"=ì/ C!, ö…%%K!=ƒ%"=…,, , …=ë%ã%%Kë%›-

…,,, C!ì,L , …=äK="%*, "/Cë=÷,"=ì/. !=K%2…,*=ì C% %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, "

öë%ì, ƒ= ,“*ëþ÷…,ì "/Cë=2, …=÷,“ë ì/. ,ƒ C!,K/ë,, %“2="øL“

C%“ë …=ë%ã%%Kë%›…, .

407

6.17. hmqŠprj0h“ n ophlememhh onknfemh“

na rqknbh“u nok`Š{ Šprd` prjnbndhŠekei

cnqrd`pqŠbemm{u npc`mhg`0hi h npc`mhg`0hi

q dnkei qnaqŠbemmnqŠh cnqrd`pqŠb` b hu hlryeqŠbe

r2"!›ä…= C%“2=…%"ë…,ì l,…,“2!“2"= 2!3ä= , “%ö,=ëü…%L ƒ=?,-

2/ p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü %2 20 “…2 K! 2002 ã. 1 122,

" !ä. %2 11 ì= 2005 ã. 1 54, “ ,ƒì. , ä%C. %2 29 …"=! 2003 ã.

1 11, 29 =C!ë 2003 ã. 1 46, 28 …% K! 2003 ã. 1 151, 14 =C!ë

2004 ã. 1 44, 27 ì= 2004 ã. 1 60, 19 =C!ë 2005 ã. 1 44, 11 ì=

2005 ã. 1 54, 26 ,þë 2005 ã. 1 93, 1 …% K! 2005 ã. 1 146, 26 ,þ…

2006 ã. 1 71, 22 ä*=K! 2006 ã. 1 162, 26 ì=!2= 2007 ã. 1 47, 1 ="ã3-

“2= 2007 ã. 1 103, 4 =C!ë 2008 ã. 1 61

(Íàöèîíàëüíûé ðååñòð ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü. 2002. ¹ 111. 8/8592;

2005. ¹ 88. 8/12645, ¹ 126. 8/12995, ¹ 176. 8/13338; 2006. ¹ 57. 8/14254; 2006.

¹ 110. 8/14675; 2007. ¹ 43. 8/15743, ¹ 96. 8/16178, ¹ 200. 8/16956; 2008. ¹ 107.

8/18705)

1. h…“2!3*ö, % C!,ì……,, o%ë%›…, %K 3“ë%", . %Cë=2/ 2!3ä=

!3*%"%ä,2ëL ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L , %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L “ ä%ëL “%K-

“2"……%“2, ã%“3ä=!“2"= " ,. ,ì3?“2" (ä=ë $ h…“2!3*ö, ) !=ƒ!=K%2=-

…= "% ,“C%ë……, C3…*2= 5 C%“2=…%"ë…, q%"2= l,…,“2!%" p“C3Kë,*,

aë=!3“ü %2 25 ,þë 2002 ã. 1 1003 &nK 3“,ë…,, ƒ=",“,ì%“2, %Cë=2/

2!3ä= !3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L %2 !ƒ3ëü2=2%" -,…=…“%"%-.%ƒ L“2"…-

…%L ä 2ëü…%“2,[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*,

aë=!3“ü, 2002 ã., 1 87, 5/10865).

2. o%ë%›…, %K 3“ë%", . %Cë=2/ 2!3ä= !3*%"%ä,2ëL ã%“3ä=!“2"…-

…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L , %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L “ ä%ëL “%K“2"……%“2, ã%“3ä=!“2"= " ,.

,ì3?“2", 32"!›ä……% …=ƒ"=……/ì C%“2=…%"ë…,ì q%"2= l,…,“2!%"

p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü (ä=ë $ o%ë%›…,), "ë 2“ %K ƒ=2ëü…/ì äë

C!,ì……, " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. *%ìì!÷“*,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . , %!ã=…,ƒ=-

ö, . “ ä%ëL “%K“2"……%“2, ã%“3ä=!“2"= " ,. ,ì3?“2" …ƒ=",“,ì% %2

ä%ë, “%K“2"……%“2, ã%“3ä=!“2"=, = 2=*› " 3C%ë…%ì%÷……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,-

. -,…=…“%"%-C!%ì/øë……/. , ,…/. .%ƒ L“2"……/. ã!3CC (ä=ë $ %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,,).

o% !ø…,þ “%K“2"……,*= ,ì3?“2"= o%ë%›…, ì%›2 C!,ì… 2ü-

“ " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . …ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L -%!ì/ “%K“2"……%“2,.

3. b “%%2"2“2",, “ o%ë%›…,ì ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2= !3*%"%ä,2ëL

%!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L (ä=ë $ !3*%"%ä,2ë,) “%“2%,2 ,ƒ ä%ë›…%“2…%ã% %*ë=ä=,

…=äK="%*, ä%Cë=2, C!ì,, C% !ƒ3ëü2=2=ì -,…=…“%"%-.%ƒ L“2"……%L ä-

2ëü…%“2, %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, “Cö,=ëü…/. ",ä%" C!ì,L, "%ƒ…=ã!=›ä…, C%

,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= ã%ä , ä!3ã,. "/Cë=2.

4. Š=!,-…/ %*ë=ä/ !3*%"%ä,2ëL %C!äë þ2“ C32ì 3ì…%›-

…, !=ƒì!= 2=!,-…%L “2="*, C!"%ã% !=ƒ! ä=, 3“2=…%"ë……%L C% %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,, " öë%ì ë,K% äë “ë3›=?,., …= 2=!,-…/L *%.--,ö,…2 “%%2-

"2“2"3þ?ã% 2=!,-…%ã% !=ƒ! ä= eä,…%L 2=!,-…%L “2*, !=K%2…,*%"

p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü. Š=!,-…/L %*ë=ä !3*%"%ä,2ë ì%›2 K/2ü “*%!-

408

!*2,!%"=… %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷=þ?,ì *%…2!=*2, …= *%.--,ö,…2 " !=ƒì!

%2 0,93 ä% 1,07 "*ëþ÷,2ëü…%.

Š=!,-…/ !=ƒ! ä/ , “%%2"2“2"3þ?, ,ì 2=!,-…/ *%.--,ö,…2/

!3*%"%ä,2ëL 3“2=…="ë,"=þ2“ " ƒ=",“,ì%“2, %2 “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“-

2, !=K%2=þ?,. C% %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, " öë%ì, "*ëþ÷= %K%“%Kë……/ C%ä!=ƒ-

äë…, , = 2=*› C%ä÷,………/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, , ä%÷!…, C!äC!, 2, , C%

ø*=ë “%ãë=“…% C!,ë%›…,þ * …=“2% ?L h…“2!3*ö,,.

qC,“%÷…= ÷,“ë……%“2ü !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, %C!äë 2“ C%

ä=……/ì ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, " “!ä…ì ƒ= C!,-

%ä “ …=÷=ë= ã%ä= C% “%“2% …,þ …= 1- ÷,“ë% ì“ ö=, " *%2%!%ì ƒ=*ëþ÷=2-

“ , ,ƒì… 2“ ë,K% ƒ=*ëþ÷=2“ …%"/L *%…2!=*2. o!, 2=!,-,*=ö,,

!3*%"%ä,2ëL 3C%ë…%ì%÷……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L -,…=…“%"%-C!%ì/øë……/.

, ,…/. .%ƒ L“2"……/. ã!3CC “C,“%÷…= ÷,“ë……%“2ü !=K%2…,*%" %C!ä-

ë 2“ " öë%ì C% “%"%*3C…%“2, þ!,ä,÷“*,. ë,ö, %KAä,………/. " …=-

ƒ"=……/ ã!3CC/.

b% "…%"ü “%ƒä=……%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, " 2÷…, C!"%ã% ã%ä= ä 2ëü…%“-

2, C!, 3"ë,÷…,, -=*2,÷“*%L “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%" 2=-

!,-…/L !=ƒ! ä !3*%"%ä,2ë ,ƒì… 2“ C% ø*=ë “%ãë=“…% C!,ë%›-

…,þ * …=“2% ?L h…“2!3*ö,,. o% ,“2÷…,, C!"%ã% ã%ä= ä 2ëü…%“2,

2=!,-…/L !=ƒ! ä !3*%"%ä,2ë 3“2=…="ë,"=2“ …= %“…%"=…,, ä=……/.

ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, % “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=-

K%2…,*%" C% “%“2% …,þ …= *%…ö ã%ä=.

o!, C%“ëä3þ?ì ,ƒì……,, (" 2÷…, “!%*= äL“2", *%…2!=*2=)

“C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, " “2%!%…3 3ì…üø…,

ƒ= “÷2 C!%"ä…, %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,%……%-2.…,÷“*,. ì!%C!, 2,L, “C%“%K“2"3-

þ?,. C%"/ø…,þ .--*2,"…%“2, C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= , 2!3ä=, 2=!,-…/ ä%ë-

›…%“2…/ %*ë=ä/ !3*%"%ä,2ëL … C!“ì=2!,"=þ2“ .

n!ã=…, ƒ=*ëþ÷=þ?,L *%…2!=*2, ,ì2 C!="% C%"/ø=2ü 2=!,-…/

%*ë=ä/, !=““÷,2=……/ “%ãë=“…% ÷=“2, C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=:

ä% 10 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% !3*%"%ä,2ë ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ,ìþ-

?,. " “"%ì “%“2=" %K%“%Kë……/ C%ä!=ƒäë…, ë,K% C%ä÷,………/ %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,,, ä%÷!…, C!äC!, 2, ;

ä% 15 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% !3*%"%ä,2ë ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, ,ìþ-

?,. " “"%ì “%“2=" %K%“%Kë……/ C%ä!=ƒäë…, , C%ä÷,………/ %!ã=…,-

ƒ=ö,, , ä%÷!…, C!äC!, 2, , *%2%!/ ƒ=…,ì=þ2“ ",ä=ì, .*%…%ì,÷“-

*%L ä 2ëü…%“2,, %2ë,÷…/ì, %2 %“…%"…%ã% ",ä= ä 2ëü…%“2, %!ã=…,ƒ=-

ö,,, , %KAì ,. "/!3÷*, %2 !=ë,ƒ=ö,, C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“-

ë3ã) “%“2="ë 2 … ì… 30 C!%ö…2%" %KAì= "/!3÷*, C% %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, "

öë%ì, ,“÷,“ë……%ã% …=!=“2=þ?,ì ,2%ã%ì “ …=÷=ë= %2÷2…%ã% ã%ä=;

ä% 10 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% !3*%"%ä,2ë ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, "/C%ë-

… þ?,. …=!=“2=þ?,ì ,2%ã%ì “ …=÷=ë= %2÷2…%ã% ã%ä= C%*=ƒ=2ëü C!%-

ã…%ƒ= C% .*“C%!23 2%"=!%" (3“ë3ã);

ä% 10 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% !3*%"%ä,2ë ì “ëü“*%.%ƒ L“2"…-

…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L.

pƒ3ëü2=2/ !=K%2/ !3*%"%ä,2ë %ö…,"=þ2“ ,“.%ä ,ƒ "/C%ë…-

…, -,…=…“%"%-.*%…%ì,÷“*,. C%*=ƒ=2ëL !=K%2/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, " öë%ì,

409

"*ëþ÷= ,ìþ?,“ " ã% C%ä÷,……,, %K%“%Kë……/ C%ä!=ƒäë…, , C%ä-

÷,………/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, , ä%÷!…, C!äC!, 2, .

o%"/ø…, 2=!,-…/. %*ë=ä%", C!ä3“ì%2!……/ ÷=“2üþ ø“2%L

…=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=, “3ìì,!3þ2“ “ 2=!,-…/ì %*ë=ä%ì, !=““÷,2=……/ì

“%ãë=“…% ÷=“2, C!"%L …=“2% ?ã% C3…*2=.

dë !3*%"%ä,2ëL *%ìì!÷“*,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L ƒä!="%%.!=……, ,

%K!=ƒ%"=…, , …=3*, , …=3÷…%ã% %K“ë3›,"=…, , *3ëü23!/, -,ƒ*3ëü23!/ ,

“C%!2=, 2ë",ä…, , !=ä,%"?=…, , !ä=*ö,L ã=ƒ2 , ›3!…=ë%" 2=!,--

…/ !=ƒ! ä/ , *%.--,ö,…2/ ì%ã32 K/2ü 3“2=…%"ë…/ …= 3!%"…, C!ä3“-

ì%2!……%ì äë !3*%"%ä,2ëL “%%2"2“2"3þ?,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, -,…=…“,-

!3ì/. ,ƒ Kþä›2= “ 3÷2%ì C%*=ƒ=2ëL C% %2…“…,þ ,. * ã!3CC=ì ,

*=2ã%!, ì C% %Cë=2 2!3ä=.

5. Š=!,-…/ %*ë=ä/ !3*%"%ä,2ëL, ,“÷,“ë……/ " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì

C%! ä* " “%%2"2“2",, “ C3…*2%ì 4 …=“2% ?L h…“2!3*ö,,, C%"/ø=þ2“ :

C!, ƒ=*ëþ÷…,,, ,ƒì……,, ë,K% ƒ=*ëþ÷…,, …%"%ã% *%…2!=*2= …

K%ë ÷ì …= 50 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% " “%%2"2“2",, “ =Kƒ=öì 2!-

2ü,ì C%äC3…*2= 2.5 C3…*2= 2 d*!2= o!ƒ,ä…2= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü

%2 26 ,þë 1999 ã. 1 29 &n ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/. ì!=. C% “%"!ø…“2"%"=-

…,þ 2!3ä%"/. %2…%ø…,L, 3*!Cë…,þ 2!3ä%"%L , ,“C%ë…,2ëü“*%L ä,“-

ö,Cë,…/[ (m=ö,%…=ëü…/L !“2! C!="%"/. =*2%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü,

1999 ã., 1 58, 1/512);

C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= *"=!2=ë:

ä% 3 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% ƒ= *=›ä/L C!%ö…2…/L C3…*2 C!,!%-

“2= !…2=Këü…%“2, !=ë,ƒ%"=……%L C!%ä3*ö,,, 2%"=!%" (!=K%2, 3“ë3ã),

,“÷,“ë……/L …=!=“2=þ?,ì ,2%ã%ì “ …=÷=ë= ã%ä=, C% “!="……,þ “ “%%2-

"2“2"3þ?,ì C!,%ä%ì C!ä/ä3?ã% ã%ä=, …% … K%ë ÷ì …= 15 C!%ö…-

2%";

ä% 30 C!%ö…2%" "*ëþ÷,2ëü…% ƒ= "/C%ë……, ä!3ã,. C%*=ƒ=2ëL

.--*2,"…%“2, !=K%2/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, 3“2=…%"ë……/. %!ã=…%ì, ƒ=*ëþ÷,"-

ø,ì *%…2!=*2, C!, 3“ë%",, “%Këþä…, 3“2=…%"ë……%ã% …%!ì=2,"= ƒ=-

C=“%" ã%2%"%L C!%ä3*ö,, C% %2…%ø…,þ * “!ä…ì“ ÷…%ì3 %KAì3 C!%-

,ƒ"%ä“2"=, “%Këþä…, C!äëü…%ã% …%!ì=2,"= C!*!=?…, %K ƒ=2ëü“2"

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