Василевич Г.А. (ред.) Сборник нормативных правовых актов о труде. В 2 т. Том 1

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

140

39.2. o!, C%ä“÷2 ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%", “%"!ø,"ø,. C!%ã3ë/,

…%K.%ä,ì% ,ì2ü " ",ä3, ÷2% “ë, %ä,… , 2%2 › !=K%2…,* " 2÷…,

%2÷2…%ã% C!,%ä= ,ìë K%ë %ä…%ã% C!%ã3ë=, 2% .2%2 !=K%2…,* " %2÷2

%2!=›=2“ 2%ëü*% %ä,… !=ƒ, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 ÷,“ë= C!%ã3ë%". Š=*, …=C!,-

ì!, “ë, !=K%2…,* “%"!ø,ë " C!"%ì C%ë3ã%ä,, %ä,… ,ë, …“*%ëü*%

C!%ã3ë%", ƒ=2ì “%"!ø,ë C!%ã3ë/ , "% "2%!%ì C%ë3ã%ä,,, 2% " %2÷2

C% 2!3ä3 ƒ= C!"% C%ë3ã%ä, , ƒ= ã%ä %… 3÷,2/"=2“ 2%ëü*% %ä,… !=ƒ.

39.3. b ÷,“ë% “ë3÷=" C!%ã3ë= “ …=÷=ë= ã%ä= "*ëþ÷=2“ “3ìì= "“.

“ë3÷=" C!%ã3ë=, ,ì"ø,. ì“2% " %2÷2…%ì C!,%ä, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 C!%-

ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2, (÷,“ë= ä…L) *=›ä%ã% C!%ã3ë=. Š=*, “ë, !=K%2…,* " %2÷2-

…%ì C!,%ä " !=ƒ…% "!ì ,ìë C!%ã3ë/: " -"!=ë $ 1 ä…ü, " ,þ… $

2 ä… C%ä! ä, " %*2 K! $ 1 ä…ü " …=÷=ë ì“ ö= , 1 ä…ü $ " *%…ö

ì“ ö=, 2% ƒ= ã%ä .2, C!%ã3ë/ 3÷,2/"=þ2“ *=* ÷2/! “ë3÷= .

40. d",›…, !=K%2…,*%" .=!=*2!,ƒ32“ C%*=ƒ=2ë ì, %K%!%2=

*=ä!%" , C%*=ƒ=2ëì C%“2% …“2"= *=ä!%".

40.1. nK%!%2 *=ä!%" $ .2% “%"%*3C…%“2ü C!,… 2/. …= !=K%23 (ƒ=÷,“-

ë……/. " “C,“%÷…/L “%“2=") , 3"%ë……/. !=K%2…,*%", !=““ì=2!,"=ì=

" “%%2…%ø…,, “% “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2üþ !=K%2…,*%", “!ä…L ƒ= %C!-

äë……/L (%2÷2…/L) C!,%ä. h…2…“,"…%“2ü %K%!%2= *=ä!%" .=!=*2!,-

ƒ32“ “ëä3þ?,ì, *%.--,ö,…2=ì,:

40.1.1. %K?ã% %K%!%2= $ %2…%ø…, “3ìì=!…%ã% ÷,“ë= C!,… 2/. ,

3"%ë……/. ƒ= %2÷2…/L C!,%ä * “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%",

“!ä…L ƒ= .2%2 C!,%ä;

40.1.2. %K%!%2 C% C!,ì3 $ %2…%ø…, ÷,“ë= C!,… 2/. ƒ= %2÷2…/L

C!,%ä * “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%", “!ä…L ƒ= .2%2 C!,%ä;

40.1.3. %K%!%2 C% 3"%ëü……,þ $ %2…%ø…, ÷,“ë= 3"%ë……/. ƒ= %2-

÷2…/L C!,%ä * “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%", “!ä…L ƒ= .2%2

C!,%ä;

40.1.4. *%.--,ö,…2 2*3÷“2, ,“÷,“ë 2“ *=* %2…%ø…, ÷,“ë…-

…%“2, 3"%ë……/. ƒ= C!%ã3ë , ä!3ã, …=!3ø…, 2!3ä%"%L ä,“ö,Cë,…/ ,

3"%ë……/. C% “%K“2"……%ì3 ›ë=…,þ !=K%2…,*= , “%ãë=ø…,þ “2%!%… "

%2÷2…%ì C!,%ä * “C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%", “!ä…L ƒ= .2%2

C!,%ä.

40.2. j%.--,ö,…2 "%“C%ë……, !=K%2…,*%" .=!=*2!,ƒ32 "%“C%ë-

……, !=K%2…,*%", 3"%ë,"ø,.“ C% !=ƒë,÷…/ì %“…%"=…, ì ,ƒ %!ã=…,ƒ=-

ö,,, "…%"ü C!,… 2/ì, !=K%2…,*=ì, , !=““÷,2/"=2“ C32ì äë…,

÷,“ë……%“2, C!,… 2/. !=K%2…,*%" " %2÷2…%ì C!,%ä …= ÷,“ë……%“2ü

!=K%2…,*%", 3"%ë……/. ƒ= .2%2 C!,%ä.

41. p=K%÷,ì ì“2%ì "ë 2“ ì“2% C%“2% ……%ã% ,ë, "!ì……%ã%

C!K/"=…, !=K%2…,*= " C!%ö““ 2!3ä%"%L ä 2ëü…%“2,.

o!,ì…,2ëü…% * “2=2,“2,* 2!3ä= ÷,“ë% !=K%÷,. ì“2 "/!=›=2“

-=*2,÷“*%L ÷,“ë……%“2üþ !=K%2…,*%" ("*ëþ÷= "…ø…,. “%"ì“2,2-

ëL , !=K%2=þ?,. C% ã!=›ä=…“*%-C!="%"/ì ä%ã%"%!=ì) , ÷,“ë%ì "=-

*=…2…/. !=K%÷,. ì“2.

41.1. ),“ë% "=*=…2…/. !=K%÷,. ì“2 "/!=›=2“ ÷,“ë……%“2üþ !=-

K%2…,*%", 2!K3þ?,.“ " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, C!, 3“ë%",, %K“C÷…, ,. C%ë-

…%L ƒ=… 2%“2,.

141

p`gdek III. hqonk|gnb`mhe j`kemd`pmncn tnmd` bpelemh

ck`b` 7. hqonk|gnb`mhe j`kemd`pmncn tnmd` bpelemh

42. d=……/ %K ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…,, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, C!,"%ä 2“ C% !=-

K%2…,*=ì, 3÷2……/ì " “!ä…“C,“%÷…%L ÷,“ë……%“2, !=K%2…,*%", = 2=*-

› C% !=K%2…,*=ì, … ","ø,ì“ …= !=K%23 "“ëä“2", "!ì……%L …2!3-

ä%“C%“%K…%“2, ,ë, 3.%ä= ƒ= K%ëü…/ì,; …=.%ä,"ø,ì“ " %2C3“*=. Kƒ

“%.!=……, ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ (*!%ì …=.%ä,"ø,.“ " …%Cë=÷,"=ì/.

%2C3“*=. " “" ƒ, “ %K3÷…,ì); …=.%ä,"ø,ì“ C%ä “ëä“2",ì ä% "/…“-

…, C!,ã%"%!= “3ä=.

o%*=ƒ=2ë, ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, ƒ=C%ë… þ2“ …= %“…%-

"=…,, ä=……/. 2=Këü…%ã% ,ë, ä!3ã%ã% 3÷2= %K ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…,, !=K%÷ã%

"!ì…,. o!, .2%ì C!,÷,…/ … "%* …= !=K%23 ä%ë›…/ K/2ü C%ä2"!›ä-

…/ “%%2"2“2"3þ?,ì, ä%*3ì…2=ì,. r“ë%"…/ %K%ƒ…=÷…, ",ä%" ƒ=2!=2

!=K%÷ã% "!ì…, C!,"%ä 2“ " C!,ë%›…,, 4 * …=“2% ?L h…“2!3*ö,,.

43. b ÷,“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-ä…L ä%ë›…/ "*ëþ÷=2ü“ :

43.1. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", -=*2,÷“*, !=K%2="ø,. " %!ã=…,ƒ=-

ö,,, "*ëþ÷= !=K%2="ø,. …C%ë…/L !=K%÷,L ä…ü ,ë, …C%ë…3þ !=K%-

÷3þ …äëþ; ÷ë%"*%-ä…,, %2!=K%2=……/ " C%! ä* “"!.3!%÷…%L !=K%2/

" ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,*,, C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) , "/.%ä…/ ä…,

“"!. ì“ ÷…%L …%!ì/ ("… ã!=-,*=).

e“ë, !=K%2…,* !=K%2=ë " 2÷…, ä… …C%ë…3þ “ì…3 ,ë, K%ë

%ä…%L “ì…/, 2% .2%2 ä…ü " 3*=ƒ=……/. “ë3÷= . “ëä32 “÷,2=2ü ƒ= %ä,…

ä…ü !=K%2/.

o% !=K%2="ø,ì " !›,ì …C%ë…%L !=K%÷L …äë, " ÷,“ë% %2!=K%-

2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-ä…L "*ëþ÷=þ2“ 2%ëü*% ä…, -=*2,÷“*%L !=K%2/;

43.2. äë !=K%2…,*%" “ C%ì“ ÷…/ì (“3ìì,!%"=……/ì) 3÷2%ì !=K%-

÷ã% "!ì…, , !=K%2…,*%", !=K%2="ø,. " !›,ì …C%ë…%ã% !=K%÷ã%

ä… , %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-ä…, %C!äë þ2“ 3“ë%"…% “ëä3þ?,ì %K-

!=ƒ%ì: * ÷,“ë3 %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%" ä%K="ë þ2“ ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/

"…32!,“ì……%ã% C!%“2% , ,“*ëþ÷=þ2“ ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/ “"!.3!%÷…%L !=-

K%2/; C%ë3÷……% 2=*,ì %K!=ƒ%ì ÷,“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%"

äë,2“ …= C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2ü !=K%÷ã% ä… ,“.%ä ,ƒ 3“2=…%"ë……%L

ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2, !=K%÷L

…äë,;

43.3. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", !=K%2="ø,. C% …=! ä=ì “"%L %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,, " ä!3ã%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,; ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", …=.%ä,"ø,.“

" “ë3›K…/. *%ì=…ä,!%"*=.;

43.4. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", *%2%!/ " “" ƒ, “ C!%“2%ì …= %“-

…%"…%L !=K%2 K/ë, ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…/ …= ä!3ã,. !=K%2=. ä=……%L %!ã=…,ƒ=-

ö,,;

43.5. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%" ƒ= "!ì C!ä,“ë%*=ö,, “2!%,2ëü-

…/. 3C!="ë…,L, 3÷=“2*%", C!ä",›…/. “2!%,2ëü…/. -%!ì,!%"=…,L,

C%ƒä%", C!ä",›…/. ì.=…,ƒ,!%"=……/. *%ë%…… , ä!.;

43.6. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", !=K%2="ø,. …= “3KK%2…,*.

44. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L öë%ä…"…/. (öë%“ì……/.) C!%“2%"

"*ëþ÷=þ2“ ÷ë%"*%-ä…, C!%“2%" !=K%2…,*%", *%2%!/ "“ü !=K%÷,L

142

ä…ü (“ì…3) … !=K%2=ë, C% C!,÷,… C!%“2% , … K/ë, ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…/ …=

ä!3ã,. !=K%2=. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,.

45. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L … "%* C% K%ëƒ…, "*ëþ÷=þ2“ 2%ëü*%

!=K%÷, ä…, " C!,%ä K%ëƒ…, (Kƒ ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. C!=ƒä…,*%", C!=ƒä-

…,÷…/. (…!=K%÷,.) , "/.%ä…/. ä…L), %-%!ìë……/ ë,“2*=ì, …2!3-

ä%“C%“%K…%“2,.

m "*, …= !=K%23, %-%!ìë……/ ë,“2*=ì, …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2,, " “" ƒ,

“ *=!=…2,…%ì ,ë, 3.%ä%ì ƒ= K%ëü…/ì,, 3÷,2/"=þ2“ *=* ÷ë%"*%-ä…,

… "%* C% K%ëƒ…,. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L … "%* C% K%ëƒ…, "*ëþ÷=þ2-

“ 2=*› ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 C% “ë3÷=þ "!ì……%L …2!3ä%“-

C%“%K…%“2,, …=“23C,"øL "“ëä“2", K/2%"%L 2!="ì/, " “" ƒ, “ %C!=ö,-

L =K%!2=, %-%!ìë……/ ë,“2*=ì, …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, ,ë, “C!="*=ì,,

"/ä=……/ì, ë÷K…/ì, 3÷!›ä…, ì,, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 2%ã% %Cë=÷…/ .2,

ä…, C% ë,“2*=ì …2!3ä%“C%“%K…%“2, ,ë, …2; ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* !=K%2-

…,*%", … ","ø,.“ …= !=K%23 " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K%ë"=…,ì "“ëä“2", %Cü -

……, ,ë, äL“2",L, “" ƒ=……/. “ %Cü ……,ì, = 2=*› "“ëä“2", ƒë%-

3C%2!Kë…, =ë*%ã%ëì, %-%!ìë……/ “C!="*=ì, ë÷K…/. 3÷!›ä…,L.

46. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L 2!3ä%"/. %2C3“*%" "*ëþ÷=þ2“ *=ë…-

ä=!…/ ä…, %“…%"…%ã%, ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/. %2C3“*%", C!ä3“ì%2!……/. ƒ=-

*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì % 2!3ä p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü. c%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä-

…,*, , C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) ä…,, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= C!,%ä .2,. ,

ä!3ã,. %2C3“*%", " ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L %2C3“*%" … "*ëþ÷=þ2“ .

47. b ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, C% 2!3ä3 ä%C%ë-

…,2ëü…/ C%%?!,2ëü…/ %2C3“*= " ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L 2!3ä%"/. %2-

C3“*%" … "*ëþ÷=þ2“ , 3÷,2/"=þ2“ %2äëü…%.

b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/. C%%?!,2ëü…/. %2C3“*%"

"*ëþ÷=þ2“ *=ë…ä=!…/ ä…, ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/. C%%?!,2ëü…/. %2C3“-

*%", 3“2=…%"ë……/. ƒ= “÷2 “%K“2"……/. “!ä“2" …=…,ì=2ë *%ëë*2,"-

…/ì ä%ã%"%!%ì, “%ãë=ø…,ì ,ë, …=…,ì=2ëì "“ì !=K%2…,*=ì, %2-

äëü…/ì ,. *=2ã%!, ì (C% “Cö,=ëü…%“2 ì , ",ä=ì C!%,ƒ"%ä“2", !=-

K%2, “2!3*23!…/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L), = C!“%…=ëü…% $ 2!3ä%"/ì ä%ã%"%!%ì.

48. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L %2C3“*%" " “" ƒ, “ %K3÷…,ì "*ëþ÷=þ2-

“ *=ë…ä=!…/ ä…,, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= C!,%ä %2C3“*%" " “" ƒ, “ %K3÷-

…,ì " "÷!…,. (“ì……/.) %K?%K!=ƒ%"=2ëü…/. 3÷!›ä…, ., " 3÷!›-

ä…, ., %K“C÷,"=þ?,. C%ë3÷…, C!%-““,%…=ëü…%-2.…,÷“*%ã%, “!ä-

…ã% “Cö,=ëü…%ã%, "/“øã% , C%“ë"3ƒ%"“*%ã% %K!=ƒ%"=…, , " "÷!…L

,ë, ƒ=%÷…%L -%!ì C%ë3÷…, %K!=ƒ%"=…, ; %K3÷…,ì !=K%2…,*%", C!%-

.%ä ?,. C!%-““,%…=ëü…3þ C%äã%2%"*3, C%"/ø…, *"=ë,-,*=ö,,, “2=-

›,!%"*3 , C!C%äã%2%"*3, “ë, …= "!ì .2,. %2C3“*%" ƒ= !=K%2…,*=ì,

C%ë…%“2üþ ,ë, ÷=“2,÷…% “%.!=… 2“ ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2=.

d%C%ë…,2ëü…/ “"%K%ä…/ %2 !=K%2/ ä…,, C!ä%“2="ë ì/ !=K%2-

…,*=ì " “" ƒ, “ %K3÷…,ì, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 2%ã%, “%.!=… 2“ ƒ= …,ì, "

.2, ä…, ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2= ,ë, …2, 3÷,2/"=þ2“ “!ä, “%ö,=ëü…/. %2-

C3“*%" " “" ƒ, “ %K3÷…,ì.

49. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L ä!3ã,. … "%*, !=ƒ!ø……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=-

2ëü“2"%ì, "*ëþ÷=þ2“ :

49.1. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* !=K%2…,*%", %“"%K%›ä……/. "!ì……% %2

!=K%2/ " “" ƒ, “ "/C%ë……,ì ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. ,ë, %K?“2"……/. %K -

143

ƒ=……%“2L, " “ë3÷= ., C!ä3“ì%2!……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*,

aë=!3“ü, …= C!,%ä %ä…%ã% ä… , K%ë;

49.2. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 !=K%2…,*%" " “" ƒ, “ …=.%›ä-

…,ì " ìä,ö,…“*,. 3÷!›ä…, . …= %K“ëä%"=…,, ,ë, %“ì%2!, “ë,

!=K%2…,*, %K ƒ=…/ C!%.%ä,2ü 2=*, %K“ëä%"=…, ,ë, %“ì%2!;

49.3. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 !=K%2…,*%", "ë þ?,.“ ä%…%-

!=ì,, äë %K“ëä%"=…, , “ä=÷, *!%", ,  *%ìC%……2%", = 2=*› C!ä%-

“2="ë ì/L C%“ë .2%ã% ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/L ä…ü %2ä/.=, *%2%!/L C% ›-

ë=…,þ !=K%2…,*= ì%›2 K/2ü C!,“%ä,…… * 2!3ä%"%ì3 %2C3“*3 ,ë, ,“-

C%ëüƒ%"=… " ,…% "!ì ;

49.4. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* !=K%2…,*%", %2“2!=………/. …=…,ì=2ëì

%2 !=K%2/ C% 2!K%"=…,þ 3C%ë…%ì%÷……/. ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. %!ã=…%" "

“ë3÷= ., C!ä3“ì%2!……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì, , ä!3ã,. “ë3÷= ., *%ãä=

…=…,ì=2ëü %K ƒ=… … ä%C3“*=2ü * !=K%2 (%2“2!=…,2ü %2 !=K%2/) " “%%2-

"2“2"3þ?,L ä…ü (“ì…3) !=K%2…,*=, ƒ= ,“*ëþ÷…,ì %2“2!=……, %2

!=K%2/ ,ƒ-ƒ= C% "ë…, …= !=K%2 " “%“2% …,, =ë*%ã%ëü…%ã%, …=!*%2,-

÷“*%ã% ,ë, 2%*“,÷“*%ã% %Cü ……, ;

49.5. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= "!ì %2C3“-

*%" ("*ëþ÷= "/.%ä…/ ä…,) äë !=K%2/ …=ä ä,““!2=ö,L, …=C,“=…,

3÷K…,*%" , C% ä!3ã,ì 3"=›,2ëü…/ì C!,÷,…=ì, C!ä%“2="ë ì/. C%

ä%ã%"%!……%“2, ì›ä3 !=K%2…,*%ì , …=…,ì=2ëì;

49.6. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 , "/.%ä…/ ä…,, C!,.%ä ?,“

…= "!ì *!=2*%"!ì……/. %2C3“*%" Kƒ “%.!=……, ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/,

*%2%!/ …=…,ì=2ëü %K ƒ=… C!ä%“2=",2ü !=K%2…,*3;

49.7. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 " “" ƒ, “ *=!=…2,…%ì ,ë, 3.%-

ä%ì ƒ= K%ëü…/ì,, %-%!ìë……/ “C!="*=ì, ë÷K…/. 3÷!›ä…,L;

49.8. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* !=K%2…,*%", "!ì……% C!,"ë*=ì/. …=

“ëü“*%.%ƒ L“2"……/ , ä!3ã, !=K%2/, “ë, ƒ= .2,ì, !=K%2…,*=ì, “%-

.!=… 2“ C%ë…%“2üþ ,ë, ÷=“2,÷…% ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2= C% ì“23 %“…%"…%L

!=K%2/;

49.9. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", %2"ë*=ì/. …= 3“2!=……, C%“ëä-

“2",L “2,.,L…/. Kä“2",L;

49.10. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 " “" ƒ, “ C!ä%“2="ë…,ì ä%-

C%ë…,2ëü…%ã% “"%K%ä…%ã% %2 !=K%2/ ä… ì=2!, (%2ö3, %C*3…3, C%C÷,-

2ëþ), "%“C,2/"=þ?L ("%“C,2/"=þ?ì3) !K…*=-,…"=ë,ä= " "%ƒ!=“2

ä% "%“ì…=äö=2, ë2 ,ë, "%“C,2/"=þ?L ("%“C,2/"=þ?ì3) ä"%,. ,

K%ë ä2L " "%ƒ!=“2 ä% ø“2…=äö=2, ë2;

49.11. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 " “" ƒ, “ C!ä%“2="ë…,ì ä%-

C%ë…,2ëü…/. “"%K%ä…/. %2 !=K%2/ ä…L, C!ä3“ì%2!……/. *%ëë*2,"-

…/ì ä%ã%"%!%ì “"!. 3“2=…%"ë……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*,

aë=!3“ü;

49.12. ÷ë%"*%-ä…, … "%* …= !=K%23 !=K%2…,*%", …=.%ä ?,.“ C%ä

“ëä“2",ì ä% "/…“…, C!,ã%"%!= “3ä= (ƒ=*ëþ÷…, C%ä “2!=›3 " *=÷-

“2" ì!/ C!“÷…, ; *!=2*%"!ì……% ƒ=ä!›=…, ë,ö=, C%ä%ƒ!"=ì%ã%

" “%"!ø…,, C!“23Cë…, ; %2“2!=……, %2 !=K%2/).

50. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L %2C3“*%" Kƒ “%.!=……, ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=-

2/ C% “ìL…%-K/2%"/ì , ä!3ã,ì 3"=›,2ëü…/ì C!,÷,…=ì, C!ä%“2="-

144

ë ì/. C% ä%ã%"%!……%“2, ì›ä3 !=K%2…,*%ì , …=…,ì=2ëì, "*ëþ÷=-

þ2“ C!,.%ä ?,“ …= !=K%÷, ä…, ÷ë%"*%-ä…, %2C3“*%" Kƒ “%.!=…-

…, ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/, C!ä%“2="ë ì/. C% ä%ã%"%!……%“2, ì›ä3 !=-

K%2…,*%ì , …=…,ì=2ëì C% “ìL…%-K/2%"/ì , ä!3ã,ì 3"=›,2ëü-

…/ì C!,÷,…=ì, *!%ì 3*=ƒ=……/. " C%äC3…*2 49.5 C3…*2= 49 …=“2% ?L

h…“2!3*ö,,. m=C!,ì!, "“23Cë…, " K!=*, “ì!2ü ,ë, K%ëƒ…ü Kë,ƒ*,.

!%ä“2"……,*%", C!ƒä …= …%"3þ *"=!2,!3 , ä!3ã,.

51. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L %2C3“*%" (ä…L) C% ,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2-

ë "*ëþ÷=þ2“ !=K%÷, ä…,, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= C!,%ä %2C3“*%" Kƒ “%-

.!=……, ,ë, “ ÷=“2,÷…/ì “%.!=……,ì ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/, C!ä%“2="-

ë ì/. C% ,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2ë " “" ƒ, “ …%K.%ä,ì%“2üþ "!ì……%L

C!,%“2=…%"*, !=K%2 ,ë, "!ì……%ã% 3ì…üø…, ,. %KAì=, = 2=*› C!,

%2“32“2",, ä!3ã%L !=K%2/, …= *%2%!3þ …%K.%ä,ì% "!ì……% C!"“2,

!=K%2…,*= " “%%2"2“2",, “ ìä,ö,…“*,ì ƒ=*ëþ÷…,ì, , …%2!=K%2=…-

…/ !=K%÷, ä…, C!, "!ì……%ì C!"%ä !=K%2…,*%" C% ,…,ö,=2," …=-

…,ì=2ë …= !=K%23 " !›,ì …C%ë…%ã% !=K%÷ã% "!ì…,.

52. j%ë,÷“2"% ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%" (ä…L), … %2!=K%2=……/. !=K%2…,*=-

ì, (C% “!="……,þ “ 3“2=…%"ë……%L C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2üþ !=K%÷L …äë,)

" “" ƒ, “ C!"%ä%ì ,. …= !=K%23 “ …C%ë…/ì !=K%÷,ì "!ì…ì C%

,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2ë , %C!äë 2“ *=* “3ìì= ÷=“%" (ä…L), … %2!=K%-

2=……/. *=›ä/ì !=K%2…,*%ì C% .2%L C!,÷,… " %2÷2…%ì C!,%ä.

r÷2 …%2!=K%2=……%ã% "!ì…, " 2÷…, %2÷2…%ã% C!,%ä= "ä2“

2%ëü*% C% ä… ì "%ƒì%›…%L -=*2,÷“*%L !=K%2/ (Kƒ 2!3ä%"/. , ä!3ã,.

%2C3“*%", ä…L … "%* C% K%ëƒ…,, ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. C!=ƒä…,*%", C!=ƒä-

…,÷…/. (…!=K%÷,.) , "/.%ä…/. ä…L , 2=* ä=ë).

53. b ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L C!%ã3ë%" , ä!3ã,. … "%* ,ƒ-ƒ= …=!3ø-

…, 2!3ä%"%L ä,“ö,Cë,…/ "*ëþ÷=þ2“ ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", … ","-

ø,.“ …= !=K%23 Kƒ 3"=›,2ëü…%L C!,÷,…/ ,ë, %2“32“2"%"="ø,. …=

!=K%2 Kƒ 3"=›,2ëü…%L C!,÷,…/ K%ë 2!. ÷=“%" (…C!!/"…% ,ë, “3ì-

ì=!…%) " 2÷…, !=K%÷ã% ä… , " 2%ì ÷,“ë ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,*%", …

ä%C3?……/. =äì,…,“2!=ö,L * !=K%2 "“ëä“2", C% "ë…, …= !=K%2 "

“%“2% …,, =ë*%ã%ëü…%ã%, …=!*%2,÷“*%ã% ,ë, 2%*“,÷“*%ã% %Cü ……, ,

%2“2!=………/. %2 !=K%2/ "“ëä“2", !=“C,2, “C,!2…/. …=C,2*%", 3C%2-

!Kë…, …=!*%2,÷“*,. ,ë, 2%*“,÷“*,. “!ä“2" " !=K%÷ "!ì ,ë, C%

ì“23 !=K%2/ K%ë ÷ì ƒ= 2!, ÷=“= ä% %*%…÷=…, !=K%2/; ÷ë%"*%-ä…,

… "%* !=K%2…,*%", C%ä"!ã…32/. =äì,…,“2!=2,"…%ì3 =!“23 ƒ= =äì,…,-

“2!=2,"…/ C!="%…=!3ø…, ; …=.%ä,"ø,.“ " ìä,ö,…“*%ì "/2!ƒ",-

2ë.

54. j ÷,“ë3 ÷ë%"*%-ä…L ƒ=K=“2%"%* %2…%“ 2“ C%2!, !=K%÷ã%

"!ì…, ,ƒ-ƒ= ƒ=K=“2%"%*.

o%2!, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, ,ƒ-ƒ= ƒ=K=“2%"%* “÷,2=þ2“ C32ì “3ìì,-

!%"=…, ÷,“ë……%“2, 3÷=“2"%"="ø,. " ƒ=K=“2%"* ƒ= *=›ä/L ä…ü ƒ=K=“-

2%"*,. b ÷,“ë% ä…L ƒ=K=“2%"*, "*ëþ÷=2“ ÷,“ë% !=K%÷,. ä…L %2 …=÷=-

ë= ä% %*%…÷=…, ƒ=K=“2%"*,. c%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,*,, C!=ƒä…,÷…/

(…!=K%÷,) , "/.%ä…/ ä…, " ÷,“ë% ä…L ƒ=K=“2%"*, … "*ëþ÷=þ2“ .

b ÷,“ë……%“2ü 3÷=“2"%"="ø,. " ƒ=K=“2%"* (… !=K%2=þ?,. ,ƒ-ƒ= ƒ=K=“-

2%"*,) "*ëþ÷=þ2“ ë,ö=, ".%ä ?, " “C,“%÷…/L “%“2=" !=K%2…,*%" ä=…-

…%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, , …C%“!ä“2"……% 3÷=“2"%"="ø, " ƒ=K=“2%"*, = 2=*›

145

!=K%2…,*,, " “" ƒ, “ ƒ=K=“2%"*%L … ,ìþ?, "%ƒì%›…%“2, ,“C%ë… 2ü

“"%, 2!3ä%"/ %K ƒ=……%“2,. j …,ì … %2…%“ 2“ ë,ö=, %2“32“2"3þ?, "

.2%2 C!,%ä …= “"%,. !=K%÷,. ì“2=. C% ä!3ã,ì C!,÷,…=ì (K%ëƒ…ü, %2-

C3“*=, *%ì=…ä,!%"*, , ä!3ã,).

55. b ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, C% 2!3ä3 " ÷,“ë%

÷ë%"*%-ä…L "/.%ä…/. , C!=ƒä…,÷…/. (…!=K%÷,.) ä…L "*ëþ÷=þ2“

%K?, "/.%ä…/ ä…,, "2%!/ "/.%ä…/ ä…, C!, C 2,ä…"…%L !=K%÷L

…äë, ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,*, , C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) ä…,. m

"*ëþ÷=þ2“ "/.%ä…/ ä…,, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= C!,%ä 2!3ä%"/. %2C3“*%",

%2C3“*%" " “" ƒ, “ %K3÷…,ì, %2äëü…/. “%ö,=ëü…/. %2C3“*%", %…, 3÷,-

2/"=þ2“ C% “%%2"2“2"3þ?,ì C!,÷,…=ì … "%* …= !=K%23.

55.1. b %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . “ …C!!/"…%L !=K%÷L …äëL " ÷,“ë% ÷ë%-

"*%-ä…L "/.%ä…/. , C!=ƒä…,÷…/. "*ëþ÷=þ2“ ÷ë%"*%-ä…, !=K%2…,-

*%", … ","ø,.“ …= !=K%23 " 2 ä…,, *%2%!/ “%ãë=“…% 3“2=…%"ë……%ì3

" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, ã!=-,*3 "ë þ2“ äë …,. "/.%ä…/ì,.

b2%!/ ä…, %2ä/.=, C!ä%“2="ë……/ !=K%2=þ?,ì C!, C 2,ä…"-

…%L !=K%÷L …äë, = 2=*› ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/ "/.%ä…/ ä…,, C!ä%“2="-

ë……/ !=K%2=þ?,ì " …C!!/"…/. C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"=. , …= %2äëü…/. ",-

ä=. !=K%2, " *%2%!/. …"%ƒì%›…% C% 3“ë%", ì C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= ""ä…,

“%*!=?……%ã% !=K%÷ã% ä… , 3÷,2/"=þ2“ " ÷,“ë ÷ë%"*%-ä…L "/.%ä-

…/. , C!=ƒä…,÷…/..

55.2. d…, %2ä/.= (%2ã3ë=), C!ä%“2="ë……/ !=K%2…,*=ì ƒ= !=K%23 "

ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,*,, C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) , "/.%ä…/ ä…,,

3÷,2/"=þ2“ " ÷,“ë "/.%ä…/. , C!=ƒä…,÷…/. ä…L.

55.3. )ë%"*%-ä…,, %2!=K%2=……/ " "/.%ä…/ ä…,, *%2%!/ " “%%2-

"2“2",, “ !ø…,ì o!=",2ëü“2"= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü *%ìC…“,!3-

þ2“ ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/ì, ä… ì, %2ä/.= “ C!,“%ä,……,ì ,. * 2!3ä%"%ì3

%2C3“*3, 3÷,2/"=þ2“ " ÷,“ë %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-ä…L.

o!ä%“2="ë ì/ "C%“ëä“2",, "ƒ=ì… .2,. ä…L ä!3ã, ä…, %2ä/-

.=, C!,“%ä,… ì/ * 2!3ä%"%ì3 %2C3“*3, “ëä32 "*ëþ÷=2ü " ÷,“ë% C!=ƒ-

ä…,÷…/. , "/.%ä…/. ä…L.

55.4. e“ë, "ì“2% “%*!=?……%ã% !=K%÷ã% ä… …=*=…3… %K?,. "/-

.%ä…/. (C!, ø“2,ä…"…%L !=K%÷L …äë), ã%“3ä=!“2"……/. C!=ƒä…,-

*%" , C!=ƒä…,÷…/. (…!=K%÷,.) ä…L C!ä%“2="ë 2“ ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/L

"/.%ä…%L ä…ü, 2% .2%2 ä…ü 2=*› 3÷,2/"=2“ " ÷,“ë "/.%ä…/. ,

C!=ƒä…,÷…/. ä…L.

56. b ÷,“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%" "*ëþ÷=þ2“ "“ -=*2,÷“-

*, %2!=K%2=……/ !=K%2…,*=ì, ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/, "*ëþ÷= “"!.3!%÷…/ ,

%2!=K%2=……/ " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,*,, C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) ,

"/.%ä…/ (C% ã!=-,*3) ä…,, *=* C% %“…%"…%L, 2=* , C% “%"ì?=ì%L "

.2%L › %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, !=K%2 (ä%ë›…%“2,), "*ëþ÷= ÷=“/ !=K%2/ " “ë3-

›K…/. *%ì=…ä,!%"*=..

b %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/ … "*ëþ÷=þ2“ "!ì %2C3“*%", "…32-

!,“ì……/. C!%“2%", ÷=“/ C!!/"%" " !=K%2 ì=2!L äë *%!ìë…,

!K…*=, ÷=“/ “%*!=?…, C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2, !=K%2/ !=K%2…,*%" ì%ë%-

› "%“ì…=äö=2, ë2, "!ì 3÷=“2, " ƒ=K=“2%"*=., "!ì …2!3ä%“C%“%K-

…%“2, , ä!3ã, “ë3÷=, %2“32“2", !=K%2…,*%" …= !=K%2 …ƒ=",“,ì% %2

2%ã% “%.!=… ë=“ü ƒ= …,ì, ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2= ,ë, …2.

146

j%ë,÷“2"% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%" " “!ä…ì %ä…,ì !=K%2-

…,*%ì ,“÷,“ë 2“ äë…,ì %K?ã% *%ë,÷“2"= %2!=K%2=……/. !=K%2…,-

*=ì, ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%" " %2÷2…%ì C!,%ä …= “!ä…“C,“%÷…3þ ÷,“ë……%“2ü

!=K%2…,*%" ƒ= 2%2 › C!,%ä.

57. b ÷,“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. “"!.3!%÷…/. ÷=“%" "*ëþ÷=þ2“ ÷=“/

!=K%2/, "/C%ë………%L !=K%2…,*%ì C% C!äë%›…,þ, !=“C%! ›…,þ ,ë,

“ "ä%ì= …=…,ì=2ë “"!. 3“2=…%"ë……%L äë …ã% C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2,

!=K%÷ã% "!ì…,, C!ä3“ì%2!……%L C!=",ë=ì, "…32!……ã% 2!3ä%"%ã%

!=“C%! ä*= ,ë, ã!=-,*%ì “ì……%“2,.

b ÷,“ë “"!.3!%÷…/. ÷=“%" !=K%2/ 3÷,2/"=þ2“ 2=*› ÷=“/, %2!=-

K%2=……/ " "/.%ä…/ , C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) ä…, (,ë, " 2 ä…,, *%2%-

!/ C% 3“2=…%"ë……%ì3 ã!=-,*3 ä%ë›…/ K/2ü "/.%ä…/ì,), “ë, ƒ= …,.

… C!ä%“2="ë…/ ä!3ã, ä…, %2ä/.= (%2ã3ë=); ÷=“/, %2!=K%2=……/ “"!.

3“2=…%"ë……%L ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü C!%ä%ë›,2ëü-

…%“2, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, ,ë, “"!. …%!ì=ëü…%ã% ÷,“ë= !=K%÷,. ÷=“%" ƒ=

%2÷2…/L C!,%ä C!, “3ìì,!%"=……%ì 3÷2 !=K%÷ã% "!ì…,.

),“ë% ÷=“%", %2!=K%2=……/. “"!.3!%÷…%, äë !=K%2…,*%" “ C%ì“ ÷-

…/ì (“3ìì,!%"=……/ì) 3÷2%ì !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, %C!äë 2“ *=* !=ƒ-

…,ö= ì›ä3 -=*2,÷“*, %2!=K%2=……/ì, ÷=“=ì, ƒ= %2÷2…/L C!,%ä ,

÷,“ë%ì ÷=“%", *%2%!/ …%K.%ä,ì% %2!=K%2=2ü C% ì“ ÷…%L …%!ì !=K%-

÷ã% "!ì…,. o!, !=K%2 …C%ë…/L %2÷2…/L C!,%ä ì“ ÷…= …%!ì=

!=K%÷ã% "!ì…, “%%2"2“2"……% 3ì…üø=2“ .

m "*ëþ÷=2“ " ÷=“/ “"!.3!%÷…%L !=K%2/ "!ì " “ë3÷=, “ë, C%

ã!=-,*3 " !ƒ3ëü2=2 “%*!=?……%ã% ÷,“ë= "/.%ä%" …= !=K%23 3“2=…%"ë-

…= C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2ü !=K%÷ã% ä… , C!"/ø=þ?= …%!ì=ëü…3þ. dë

!=K%2…,*%" “ “3ìì,!%"=……/ì 3÷2%ì !=K%÷ã% "!ì…,, !=K%2=þ?,. "

%!ã=…,ƒ=ö, . %2äëü…/. %2!=“ëL .*%…%ì,*,, " *%2%!/. …"%ƒì%›…% C%

3“ë%", ì C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= C!*!=?…, !=K%2/ " ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,-

*,, C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) , "/.%ä…/ ä…, (2!=…“C%!2, .ë*2!,÷“*,

“2=…ö,,, "%ä%“…=K›…, , ä!3ã,), "!ì !=K%2/ C% ã!=-,*3, C!,.%ä ?-

“ …= ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ C!=ƒä…,*,, C!=ƒä…,÷…/ (…!=K%÷,) , "/.%ä…/

ä…,, " “"!.3!%÷…/ ÷=“/ !=K%2/ … "*ëþ÷=2“ , 3÷,2/"=2“ " %K?ì

*%ë,÷“2" %2!=K%2=……%ã% "!ì…,.

58. b…32!,“ì……/ì, C!%“2% ì, “÷,2=2“ "!ì C!%“2%", *%2%!%

,ìë% ì“2% "…32!, !=K%÷ã% ä… ,ë, “ì…/ C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2üþ %2

5 ì,…32.

b“ 3*=ƒ=……/ C!%“2%, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 C!,÷,… %-%!ìë þ2“ ë,“2*=-

ì, % C!%“2%.

0ë%ä…"…/ C!%“2%, " ÷,“ë "…32!,“ì……/. C!%“2%" … 3÷,2/"=-

þ2“ , = %2!=›=þ2“ %2äëü…%.

59. o% !=K%2…,*=ì, C!,… 2/ì …= !=K%23 “ …C%ë…/ì !=K%÷,ì ä…ì,

3÷2 ÷ë%"*%-ä…L … "%* …= !=K%23 C% "“ì C!,÷,…=ì %C!äë 2“ C%

*=›ä%ì3 ä…þ … "%* C32ì “3ìì,!%"=…, ÷=“%" 3“2=…%"ë……%L C!%ä%ë-

›,2ëü…%“2, !=K%÷ã% ä… äë ä=……%L *=2ã%!,, ë,ö. }2= “3ìì= ÷ë%"-

*%-÷=“%" … "%* äë,2“ …= 3“2=…%"ë……3þ C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2ü !=K%÷ã%

ä… " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, C%ë3÷=2“ ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L … "%*.

b %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/ "*ëþ÷=þ2“ 2%ëü*% ÷=“/, -=*2,÷“-

*, %2!=K%2=……/.

147

60. o% !=K%2…,*=ì, C!"ä……/ì …= !=K%23 “ …C%ë…/ì !=K%÷,ì

ä…ì C% ,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2ë , 3÷2 ÷ë%"*%-ä…L … "%* …= !=K%23

"ä2“ 2=* ›, *=* , C% !=K%2…,*=ì, !=K%2=þ?,ì C%ë…/L !=K%÷,L

ä…ü. b %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/ "*ëþ÷=þ2“ 2%ëü*% ÷=“/, -=*2,÷“-

*, %2!=K%2=……/. j%ë,÷“2"% ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%", … %2!=K%2=……/. !=K%2…,-

*=ì, " “" ƒ, “ ,. C!"%ä%ì …= …C%ë…/L !=K%÷,L ä…ü C% ,…,ö,=2,"

…=…,ì=2ë , äë,2“ …= 3“2=…%"ë……3þ C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2ü !=K%÷ã% ä…

äë ä=……%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,, , C%ë3÷……% *%ë,÷“2"% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L "*ëþ-

÷=2“ " ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L, … %2!=K%2=……/. C!, C!"%ä !=K%2…,*%"

C% ,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2ë …= !=K%23 " !›,ì …C%ë…%ã% !=K%÷ã% "!-

ì…,.

o!,ì! 3÷2= ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…, *=ë…ä=!…%ã% -%…ä= "!ì…, C% !=K%2-

…,*=ì, !=K%2=þ?,ì “ …C%ë…/ì !=K%÷,ì ä…ì, C!,"%ä,2“ " C!,ë%›-

…,, 3 * …=“2% ?L h…“2!3*ö,,.

61. o% !=K%2…,*=ì, C!,… 2/ì …= !=K%23 “ …C%ë…%L !=K%÷L …ä-

ëL, " ÷,“ë %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-ä…L , %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=-

“%" 3*=ƒ/"=2“ -=*2,÷“*, %2!=K%2=……% ,ì, "!ì .

)ë%"*%-ä…, %2C3“*%", = 2=*› … "%* C% K%ëƒ…, , ä!3ã,ì C!,÷,-

…=ì, C!,.%ä ?,“ …= ä…,, " *%2%!/ 3*=ƒ=……/ !=K%2…,*, C% 3“ë%",-

ì !=K%2/ ä%ë›…/ !=K%2=2ü, "*ëþ÷=þ2“ " %K? ÷,“ë% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L

… "%* …= !=K%23 C% “%%2"2“2"3þ?,ì C!,÷,…=ì.

62. o% !=K%2…,*=ì, C!"ä……/ì …= !=K%23 “ …C%ë…%L !=K%÷L

…äëL C% ,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2ë , ä…,, " *%2%!/ 3*=ƒ=……/ !=K%2…,-

*, C% 3“ë%", ì !=K%2/ … ä%ë›…/ !=K%2=2ü (ä%C%ë…,2ëü…/ "/.%ä…/

ä…,), 3÷,2/"=þ2“ " ÷,“ë ÷ë%"*%-ä…L, … %2!=K%2=……/. C!, C!"%ä

!=K%2…,*%" C% ,…,ö,=2," …=…,ì=2ë …= !=K%23 " !›,ì …C%ë…%ã%

!=K%÷ã% "!ì…,. b %“2=ëü…%ì 3÷2 C% .2,ì !=K%2…,*=ì "ä2“ 2=*

›, *=* C% !=K%2…,*=ì, !=K%2=þ?,ì C%ë…3þ !=K%÷3þ …äëþ.

63. h“C%ëüƒ%"=…, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, …=ä%ì…,*%" 3÷,2/"=2“ C%

“ëä3þ?,ì C%*=ƒ=2ë ì: %2!=K%2=…% ÷ë%"*%-ä…L, ÷ë%"*%-ä…, %2C3“-

*%", ÷ë%"*%-ä…, K%ëƒ…,, ÷ë%"*%-ä…, "/.%ä…/ , C!=ƒä…,÷…/, = 2=*-

› ÷,“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%". o% %“2=ëü…/ì C%*=ƒ=2ë ì ,“-

C%ëüƒ%"=…, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, ä=……/ C% …=ä%ì…,*=ì … 3÷,2/"=þ2“ .

e“ë, " %2÷2…%ì C!,%ä …=ä%ì…,*=ì C!ä%“2="ë ë,“ü %2C3“*= ,ë,

“ë, %…, … !=K%2=ë, C% K%ëƒ…,, C%ä2"!›ä……%L ë,“2*=ì, …2!3ä%“C%-

“%K…%“2,, 2% ä=……/ C% .2,ì C%*=ƒ=2ë ì 3÷,2/"=þ2“ C% “%%2"2“2"3-

þ?,ì C!,÷,…=ì.

),“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%" C% …=ä%ì…,*=ì %C!äë 2“

C32ì 3ì…%›…, ÷,“ë= %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-ä…L …= C!%ä%ë›,2ëü-

…%“2ü !=K%÷ã% ä… " %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,. )=“/ “"!.3!%÷…%L !=K%2/ C% …=ä%ì-

…,*=ì … 3÷,2/"=þ2“ .

64. h“C%ëüƒ%"=…, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, C% !=K%2…,*=ì, C!,"ë÷……/ì

…= !=K%23 C% “Cö,=ëü…/ì ä%ã%"%!=ì “ ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ì, %!ã=…,ƒ=ö, -

ì,, 3÷,2/"=2“ 2%ëü*% C% C%*=ƒ=2ë ì: %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-ä…,,

÷ë%"*%-ä…, öë%ä…"…/. C!%“2%", ÷ë%"*%-ä…, "/.%ä…/ , C!=ƒä…,÷-

…/ , %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/. o% %“2=ëü…/ì C%*=ƒ=2ë ì ,“C%ëü-

ƒ%"=…, !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, ä=……/ C% .2,ì !=K%2…,*=ì … 3÷,2/"=þ2“ .

148

),“ë% %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-ä…L .2,ì, ë,ö=ì, %C!äë 2“ C%

ä… ì "%* …= !=K%23, 2% “2ü C% ÷,“ë3 ë,ö, ","ø,.“ …= !=K%23 ƒ=

*=›ä/L !=K%÷,L ä…ü.

),“ë% ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%", %2!=K%2=……/. .2,ì, ë,ö=ì,, %C!äë 2“

C% -=*2,÷“*, %2!=K%2=……/ì ÷ë%"*%-÷=“=ì ,ë, C32ì 3ì…%›…,

÷,“ë= %2!=K%2=……/. .2,ì, ë,ö=ì, ä…L …= ÷,“ë% ÷=“%" 3“2=…%"ë……%L

äë …,. C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2, !=K%÷ã% ä… .

65. q!ä… -=*2,÷“*= C!%ä%ë›,2ëü…%“2ü !=K%÷ã% ä… ,“÷,“ë -

2“ C32ì äë…, %2!=K%2=……/. ÷ë%"*%-÷=“%", "*ëþ÷= ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/

"…32!,“ì……%ã% C!%“2% , ÷ë%"*%-÷=“/, %2!=K%2=……/ “"!.3!%÷…%, …=

-=*2,÷“*, %2!=K%2=……/ ÷ë%"*%-ä…,.

66. j%.--,ö,…2 “ì……%“2, !=K%÷,. %C!äë þ2 C32ì äë…, %K-

?ã% ÷,“ë= -=*2,÷“*, !=K%2="ø,. ( "%÷…/.) !=K%÷,. …= ÷,“ë% !=K%-

÷,., !=K%2="ø,. " …=,K%ë ì…%ã%÷,“ë……%L “ì…. m= %“…%"=…,, ä=…-

…/. ä%*3ì…2%" C!",÷…%ã% 3÷2= C%ä“÷,2/"=þ2 C% *=›ä%ì3 ö.3 (3÷=“-

2*3) ÷,“ë% !=K%÷,., -=*2,÷“*, !=K%2="ø,. ( "%÷…/.) …= %C!äë……3þ

ä=23 (*=* C!=",ë%, %ä,… ,ƒ C%“ëä…,. ä…L %2÷2…%ã% C!,%ä=), “ !=“C!-

äë…,ì ,. C% “ì…=ì , “3ìì,!3þ2 ÷,“ë% !=K%÷,., !=K%2="ø,. " …=,-

K%ë ì…%ã%÷,“ë……%L “ì… "% "“. ö.=. (3÷=“2*=.) %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,.

o!, %ä…%“ì……%L !=K%2 *=*%ã%-ë,K% ö.= (3÷=“2*=) "“. !=K%÷,.

“ëä32 “÷,2=2ü !=K%2="ø,ì, " …=,K%ë ì…%ã%÷,“ë……%L “ì…. b %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö, ., ãä ""ä…= K“ö.%"= “2!3*23!= 3C!="ë…, C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"%ì,

÷,“ë% !=K%÷,. C%ä“÷,2/"=þ2 " öë%ì C% %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,.

p`gdek IV. tnmd g`p`anŠmni ok`Š{, opn)he b{ok`Š{

h p`qund{, me r)hŠ{b`el{e b qnqŠ`be tnmd` g`p`anŠmni

ok`Š{

ck`b` 8. nayhe onknfemh“ on r)eŠr tnmd` g`p`anŠmni

ok`Š{

67. o!, “%“2="ë…,, ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, C%

2!3ä3 " -%…ä ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ C%*=ƒ/"=þ2“ …=÷,“ë……/ ƒ= %2÷2-

…/L C!,%ä ä…›…/ “3ìì/ ("*ëþ÷= C%ä%.%ä…/L …=ë%ã , %K ƒ=2ëü-

…/L ,…ä,",ä3=ëü…/L “2!=.%"%L "ƒ…%“ !=K%2…,*=), …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 ,“2%÷-

…,*%" ,. "/Cë=2/ , “2=2L “ì2 " “%%2"2“2",, “ Cë=2›…/ì, ä%*3ì…-

2=ì,, C% *%2%!/ì “ !=K%2…,*=ì, K/ë, C!%,ƒ"ä…/ !=“÷2/ C% ƒ=!=K%2-

…%L Cë=2, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 “!%*= ,. -=*2,÷“*%L "/Cë=2/.

m=÷,“ë……/ , ƒ=!ƒ!",!%"=……/ " “%%2"2“2",, “ ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü-

“2"%ì “3ìì/ ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ … 3÷,2/"=þ2“ " “%“2=" -%…ä= ƒ=!=-

K%2…%L Cë=2/. r*=ƒ=……/ “3ìì/ %2!=›=þ2“ " ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“-

2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, C% 2!3ä3 C% ì! ,. -=*2,÷“*%L "/Cë=2/.

68. q3ìì/, …=÷,“ë……/ ƒ= 2!3ä%"/ , “%ö,=ëü…/ %2C3“*=, " ã%“3-

ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, C% 2!3ä3 "*ëþ÷=þ2“ " -%…ä

ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ %2÷2…%ã% ì“ ö= 2%ëü*% " “3ìì, C!,.%ä ?L“ …=

ä…, %2C3“*= " %2÷2…%ì ì“ ö. q3ìì/, C!,÷,2=þ?,“ ƒ= ä…, %2C3“*=

" “ëä3þ?ì ì“ ö, "*ëþ÷=þ2“ " -%…ä ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ “ëä3þ?ã%

ì“ ö=.

149

69. o!, “%“2="ë…,, ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “2=2,“2,÷“*%L %2÷2…%“2, C%

2!3ä3 ä=……/ % -%…ä ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ ƒ= “%%2"2“2"3þ?,L C!,%ä C!%-

øë%ã% ã%ä= C%*=ƒ/"=þ2“ " ì2%ä%ë%ã,, , “2!3*23!, C!,… 2/. " %2÷2-

…%ì C!,%ä 2*3?ã% ã%ä=.

70. q2%,ì%“2ü C!%ä3*ö,,, "/ä=……%L " C%! ä* …=23!=ëü…%L %Cë=-

2/, "*ëþ÷=2“ " -%…ä ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ ,“.%ä ,ƒ “!ä…L ö…/ !=ë,-

ƒ=ö,, “%%2"2“2"3þ?ã% ",ä= C!%ä3*ö,, " %2÷2…%ì C!,%ä.

q2%,ì%“2ü K“Cë=2…% "/ä=……/. !=K%2…,*=ì 2%"=!%" (C!%ä3*ö,,,

3“ë3ã) %C!äë 2“ ,“.%ä ,ƒ “!ä…L ö…/ !=ë,ƒ=ö,, " %2÷2…%ì C-

!,%ä ë,K% " ö…=. C!,%K!2…, , *%ãä= 2%"=!/ ƒ=*3C=ë,“ü " ä!3ã,. %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö, ..

e“ë, 2%"=!/ (C!%ä3*ö, , 3“ë3ã,) C!%ä="=ë,“ü C% “…,›……/ì ö-

…=ì, 2% " -%…ä ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ "*ëþ÷=2“ !=ƒ…,ö= ì›ä3 ,. C%ë…%L

“2%,ì%“2üþ , “3ìì%L, 3Cë=÷……%L !=K%2…,*%ì.

ck`b` 9. tnmd g`p`anŠmni ok`Š{

71. b “%“2=" -%…ä= ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ " “2=2,“2,* 2!3ä= "*ëþ÷=þ2-

“ “ëä3þ?, "/Cë=2/:

ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2= ƒ= "/C%ë………3þ !=K%23 , %2!=K%2=……% "!ì ;

"/Cë=2/ “2,ì3ë,!3þ?ã% .=!=*2!=;

"/Cë=2/ *%ìC…“,!3þ?ã% .=!=*2!=;

%Cë=2= ƒ= …%2!=K%2=……% "!ì ;

ä!3ã, "/Cë=2/, "*ëþ÷=ì/ " “%“2=" -%…ä= ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/.

72. g=!=K%2…= Cë=2= ƒ= "/C%ë………3þ !=K%23 , %2!=K%2=……% "!ì

"*ëþ÷=2 “ëä3þ?, "/Cë=2/:

72.1. ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2=, …=÷,“ë……= !=K%2…,*=ì …= %“…%" ÷=“%"/.

, (,ë,) ì“ ÷…/. 2=!,-…/. “2="%* (%*ë=ä%") ƒ= %2!=K%2=……% "!ì ;

72.2. ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2=, …=÷,“ë……= !=K%2…,*=ì ƒ= "/C%ë………3þ

!=K%23 C% “äëü…/ì !=“ö…*=ì;

72.3. ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2=, …=÷,“ë……= !=K%2…,*=ì " C!%ö…2=. %2

"/!3÷*, %2 C!%ä=›, C!%ä3*ö,, ("/C%ë……, !=K%2, %*=ƒ=…, 3“ë3ã), "

ä%ë . %2 C!,K/ë,;

72.4. “3ìì/ ,…ä*“=ö,, (*%ìC…“=ö,,, C…,) ƒ=!=K%2…%L Cë=2/ "

“" ƒ, “ ,…-ë ö,L, = 2=*› C!, …“"%"!ì……%L  "/Cë=2;

72.5. “2%,ì%“2ü C!%ä3*ö,,, "/ä="=ì%L " C%! ä* …=23!=ëü…%L %C-

ë=2/;

72.6. ƒ=!=K%2…= Cë=2= *"=ë,-,ö,!%"=……/. !=K%÷,., !3*%"%ä,2-

ëL , “Cö,=ë,“2%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, %“"%K%›ä……/. , … %“"%K%›ä……/. %2

%“…%"…%L !=K%2/ , C!,"ë÷……/. äë C%äã%2%"*,, C!C%äã%2%"*, , C%-

"/ø…, *"=ë,-,*=ö,, !=K%2…,*%", äë !3*%"%ä“2"= C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"……%L

C!=*2,*%L 3÷=?,.“ , “23ä…2%";

72.7. %Cë=2= 2!3ä= ƒ= C!%ä3*ö,þ (!=K%2/, 3“ë3ã,), C!,ƒ…=……3þ K!=-

*%ì;

72.8. “3ìì/, …=÷,“ë……/ ƒ= "/C%ë………3þ !=K%23 ë,ö=ì, C!,"ë-

÷……/ì äë !=K%2/ " ä=……3þ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,þ, “%ãë=“…% “Cö,=ëü…/ì ä%ã%-