Ващенко Ю.В. Банківське право
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
191
'-%+!!'"#$'. T!+%', & *<H!&!'* E!#"H+* D %+!!'"<!,
#CE?" H*?! DD<%!, M! «!' H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*-
+"& &D<I$A# #E!#!H!' E?$%J* $ !@"DC"I; !+*'%$!!-
H"@*»
140
. "R!'* E"*<+* E" !'!; H%D@!$"&+!&= !D-
=*+"& !D*'"I$A# #*+*E"#$A #E!#!H* E?$%J* $ !@"DC",
!+*'%$!!H"@*
141
. [+ DD<?!# &M%, * ;<"F *C" $+*
E!DC"; DF'I . . !#$!&C%&.
&%% $!<+ D!*, R* *'+*, I FH"?AR !H_*$!&-
!;. [+M! D&%*$# ! %$'!?!@", #?"& «#E!#"H» $ «!'», $!
* #?!&+* . . J%@!& E" $%'"!' «#E!#"H» !D*'"I$A# «"
H! ##$%' "F, +" D#$!#!&*;$A# E &+!" E%&!, !H!$,
E D"F#%" <!@!-%H*A»
142
. K" !'!; (&" ?$. forma — D!-
&"R"#$A, *#$"F) !D*'";$A «D!&"R"F &@?, !H# E%'%-
$*», «&, *#$"F, $E, #$*+$** <!@!#A»
143
. +' <!', !'
I H"?AR D@?A' E!$$' $ &?I #!H!; ?!@"<% E!I
E%&= #+?!&= %?%'%$"&.
CA!'* +!$%+#$" $+', M! D#?*@!&*I *&@*, D R!, $!<-
+ D!*, I !D*'" +$%@!", «!'» .TFC%&'. ?"D*;<
E!$$ $ D'"#$ ;<!@! E!C%#*, &" &D<I, M! «!'
— C% E&!& +!#$*+C" !'$&!@! *E!+*& "?A!-
#$" " &"E!&"= !+*'%$"&. ! &?I #!H!; #*+*E"#$A &'!@
! "F *<#+"& E!C%#*, #E'!&= !#@% +!+%$!-
@! %D*?A$$*»
144
. . TFC%& DD<I, M! E&!& !' — & $"F
< "R"F '"" — &?#$& H*A-+"F ;<! D<*M"F "?A!-
#$". T F!@! $!<+ D!*, !' #?*@*I !"I; D @$"F $!<!@! $
%*=?A!@! D#$!#*&, !$' $ &+! ;<=
!'. N< !' %@?'%$*I + E&!&* "?A"#$A @!-
', !@"DC"F, E!#!&= !#"H " +!'E%$%$= !@"&, $+ "
!"C"F" !+*'%$, & += D+"E?;;$A# E"#*'+ C"I, "?A!-
#$". E"#$&" &M%&+?%!@! . TFC%& !H$A &#!&!+ E!
$%, M! %!H="! !D"D$ !'* "?A!#$" $ !'* E&!&=
!+*'%$"&. «K%R — &#$!&?;I, =$!, +" ",, & +"F E!#?"!&-
!#$" $ * +F $%'" '!J% H! E!&% D"F#$. T'"#$ C"I,
!' D&!$A# ! $+= E!?!J%A: &<%E! $!<F #+? *<-
#+"& ;<!@! E!C%#*; ,= E& $ !H!&’D+ M!! D"F#-
140
%A@ +%$ & #!C?#$<%#+!' !HM%#$&%. — . 76.
141
%%J!% !HM%% +%$ : <%H+ / K! %. ..%M%+!. — 4-%
D., E%%H. !E. — .: L#` #$$#$+, 1986. — . 128.
142
&F) . /. ?!&A *##+!@! D`+. — . 697.
143
?!&+ "R!'!&= #?"& / T %. . . %?A<*+. — .: !?!& %+C"
+,#A+!, #A+!, %C+?!E%", +%'", *+ +,#A+!, , 1974. — . 717.
144
%! @!#*#$& E&. *# ?%+CF / K! %. ..$*D!& ..?A+!.
— .: N#$d, 1997. — . 399.
. .
192
% E&!&= "F $ &<+"&; E!#?"!&"#$A D"F#% D&-
= "F… K&!& !' !+*'%$"& !H*'!&?;I ,= D'"#$ $ ;-
<* "F#"#$A. ! &JI$A# * &#$!&?%" &"!#!
!H!&’D+!&= %+&"D$"& !+*'%$"&, E!#?"!&!#$" ,= !D'"M%,
<#* #+? !+*'%$*, E&!&= #?"+"& F!@! EF$$,
$+!J E"#$& ? F!@! #+#*& $ D'"»
145
.
R* *'+*, !' !D=*+"& &?I #!H!; *%@*?A!&*
!'' E& E"#$&" ECE"& H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"&
#*+*E"#$A #E!#!H* E?$%J*, !' !D=*+!&= !+*'%$"& $
&"E!&"!@! ,' !+*'%$!!H"@*, J%%? E?$%J*, $+!J E& $
!H!&’D+"& *<#+"& H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"&. !H$!, !'
!D=*+"& !'*;$A# $ &""D;$A# ! &" !!, #'%
E!I' (&"C"') "D!&"& #+?!&= %?%'%$"&, &D-
<%= &"E!&"' E&!&' !''.
#?!&+* . . J%@!& &!$A# $+" D<% $%'"
«+?#"+C"»: 1) «!DE!"? <!@!-%H*A D @*E', !D',
+?#'»; 2) «##$%', D +!; M!-%H*A +?#"+!&!»
146
. -
+', <!' +?#"+C" '!J% E!&!$#A D !"I; H! %+"-
?A+!' #E"?A' !D+', % !H!&’D+!&! D *#"' #E"?A'
!D+'.
D&’D+* D C', R E!@?, H#!?;$! ?!@"<!; I +?#-
"+C" !' !D=*+"& D ,= #+?!&' %?%'%$', & $!'*
<#?" E"#$&" #E!#!H"& !D=*+"&, + C% H*?! D"F#%!
. . F=%!'.
§ 3. 6 " ".
"
T@"! D" #$$$%; 342 !#E!#A+!@! +!%+#* +,
=*+ ;<!, !#!H, M! I +?"I$!' H+*, &"+&;$A# &
*#$!&= H+"& D '"#C%' ,, %I#$C", < & H*A-+!'* H+*
$%$!", +, D D@!!; #$!". K!!+ &"+$$ =*+"& &
*#$!&= H+"& D '%J' +, &#$!&?;I$A# D+!!'.
*H’I+$' @!#E!;&, +" ';$A #'!#$"FF H?#,
=*+ &"+&;$A# ? !D=*+"& D E!*+C";, &+!"
!H!$, " E!#?*@, ? &E?$ D!H"$!, E?$, #E?$ E!-
145
' #'!. — . 400.
146
J%@!& .. ?!&A *##+!@! D`+. — . 254.
193
$+"&, DH!"& (!H!&’D+!&= E?$%J"&), $+!J "R= !D=*-
+"&, E!&’D= D "#!&' DH%DE%<%' ,= "?A!#$".
*H’I+$ E"EI'C$& 'I E&! &"+&$ =*+ ?
DH%"@ @!R!&= +!R$"&, D"F#% &#"= &"& !E%C"F *
H*A-+= H+= +, $ "R= %J& D #&!,' &H!!' " D
D@!!; C= H+"& * E!+*, &#$!&?%!'* C"!?A' H-
+!' +,.
N<" !#!H $ @!'-E"EI'C" &"+&;$A =*-
+ ? DH%"@ @!R!&= +!R$"& " D"F#% &#"= &"& H-
+"&#A+= !E%C"F * H*A-+= H+= +, D #&!,' &H!!'
$ D D@!!; C= H+"& * E!+*, &#$!&?%!'* C"!?A'
H+!' +,.
*H’I+$' @!#E!;&, +' &"?;$A# +!R$ ? C"-
?A!&!@! &+!#$ D %J&!@! H;J%$* +, H! '"#C%-
&= H;J%$"&, &"+&;$A# =*+ &"E!&"! ! D+!*.
K!!+ &"+$$ =*+"& & *#$!&= H+"&, !' !D-
=*+"& $ E!!+ ,= D"F#% &D<;$A# D+!!' E! H+
" H+"&#A+* "?A"#$A, "R' D+!', $+!J !'$&!-
E&!&' +$' C"!?A!@! H+* +,.
#!&' D+!!&<' +$!', +' %@?'%$*;$A# &"!#-
& #%" H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"&, I T+! +, «K! E?$"-
J" ##$%' $ E%%+D @!R%F & +,"». "E!&"! ! #$$$" 6
CA!@! T+!* H+ ';$A E&! &"+&$ =*+ %D%$'
+, (;<' !#!H', ,= &"!+%'?%' E"!D"?', "D<-
' !#!H'), %%D%$' +, (;<' !#!H' — "&%#-
$!', E%#$&C$&' ;<= !#"H & +," $ "D<' !#!-
H'). TD<%" !#!H ';$A E&! &"+&$ =*+ & H*A-+=
H+= +, &"E!&"! ! &?#!@! &H!* $ D D@!!; C= H-
+"& ? DH%DE%<% #&!I, @!#E!#A+!, "?A!#$" " &?#= E!$-
%H. K!!+ &"+$$ H+' =*+"& $ ,= %J' &D<;$A-
# C"!?A' H+!' +,. '!& &"+$$ =*+ $
!#!H?&!#$" F!@! *+C"!*& E%%H<;$A# & !@!&!", M!
*+?I$A# '"J H+!' " F!@! +?"I$!' — &?#+!' =*+.
=*+"&, +" '!J*$A &"+&$# * H+"&#A+= *#$!-
&= +,, &D<%" * #$$$" 7 CA!@! T+!*. T@"! D C"I;
#$$$%; H+ ';$A E&! &"+&$ #&!,' +?"I$' &+?"
(%E!D$"), E!$!<" $ +!%#E!%$#A+" =*+.
% ($%) (# — C% =*!+, M! &"+-
&I$A# H+!' +?"I$* !@!&""F !#!&" ? DH%"@ +!R-
$"&, M! E%%;$A# +?"I$!' H+* & *E&?" &#$!&?%-
F #$!+ $ E" &D<%F E!C%$ (!=") &"E!&"! ! *'!&
!@!&!*.
. .
194
&5% (# — C% =*!+, M! &"+&I$A# H+!'
+?"I$* !@!&""F !#!&" ? DH%"@ +!R$"& " D"F#%
!D=*+!&!-+#!&= !E%C"F D !E!'!@!; E?$"J= "#$*-
'%$"& &"E!&"! ! *'!& !@!&!* $ &'!@ D+!!&#$&
+,.
% (# — =*!+, M! &"+&I$A#
!' H+!' "R!'* H+* ? D"F#% '"JH+"&#A+= E%-
%+D"&.
"+$$ +!%#E!%$#A+= =*+"& D"F#;I$A# R?=!'
&#$!&?% '"J H+' +!%#E!%$#A+= &"!# * E!-
+*, M! &D<I$A# C"!?A' H+!' +,, $ E"#$-
&" &"E!&"!@! !@!&!*.
#!H?&!#$" %J'"& *+C"!*& &+?= (%E!D$=),
E!$!<= $ +!%#E!%$#A+= =*+"& &D<;$A# !'$-
&!-E&!&' +$' C"!?A!@! H+* +, F !@!&!-
', M! *+?;$A# +?"I$' F !H#?*@!&*;<' ,= H+'.
T+!!&#$&!' +, '!J% E%%H<$# '!J?&"#$A &"-
+$$ $ *+C"!*& E!$!<= =*+"& D" #E%C"?A' %-
J'!' &+!#$. T!+%', &"E!&"! ! #$$$" 15-1 T+!*
+, «K! %?%+$!%%@%$+*» E%%H<%!, M! ? E!&%-
% !D=*+"& D D+*E?%* !E$!&!'* +* %?%+$<!,
%%@", +, $ #E!J$* %?%+$<* %%@"; %%@!E!#$<?A-
+, M! D"F#;;$A E"EI'CA+* "?A"#$A D E!#$<
%?%+$<!, %%@", D+"E?%"F $%$!",, ,= &"!+%'?%" E"-
!D"? $ !E$!&F E!#$<?A+ %?%+$<!, %%@", &"+&-
;$A & *#$!&= *E!&!&J%!@! H+* E!$!<" =*+ "D #E%C"-
?A' %J'!' &+!#$. ? E!&%% !D=*+"& D
E!@R% DH!@!&!#$" D #E!J$* %?%+$<* %%@"; D &-
+!#$' '%="D'"& E!@R% DH!@!&!#$", &D<%=
T+!!' +, «K! D=!, #E'!&" DH%DE%<% #$-
?!@! *+C"!*& E"EI'#$& E?&!-%%@%$<!@! +!'-
E?%+#*», %%@!E!#$<?A+, M! D"F#;;$A E"EI'CA+*
"?A"#$A D E!#$< %?%+$<!, %%@", D+"E?%"F $%-
$!",, " !E$!&F E!#$<?A+ %?%+$<!, %%@", &"+&;$A &
*#$!&" *E!&!&J%!@! H+* E!$!<" =*+ "D #E%C"?A'
%J'!' &+!#$ ? E!@R% DH!@!&!#$". K%%?"+
E!$!<= =*+"& "D #E%C"?A' %J'!' &+!#$ & *E!-
&!&J%!'* H+* ? D=*& +!R$"& D %?%+$<* %%-
@"; D$&%J*I$A# $ !&!$A# ! &"!' #E!J&<"& C"!-
?A!; +!'"#"I; %@*?;& %?%+$!%%@%$+ +,.
K&!&"!#, M! &+;$A E" <# &"+$$ H+', ,=
&"!+%'?%' #$*+$*' E"!D"?', +" D"F#;;$A H-
195
+"&#A+* "?A"#$A &" "'%" H+*, E!$!<= " &+?= (%E!D-
$=) =*+"& * C"!?A"F $ "!D%'= &?;$= #*H’I+$'
@!#E!;&, "D<' !#!H', "!D%'' E%#$&C$&',
%%D%$'-"&%#$!', &H!<' H?!+' E!?"$<= E$"F,
%@?'%$*;$A# #$*+C"I; E! E!!+ &"+$$, &+!#-
$ " D+$$ =*+"& * C"!?A"F $ "!D%'= &?;$=,
D$&%J%!; K!#$!&!; K&?" C"!?A!@! H+*
+, -492 &" 12.11.2003 .
'% C"I; #$*+C"I; &D<%! E!!+ &"+$$ H+'
=*+"& * C"!?A"F $ "!D%'"F &?;$=, E!!+ &+!#-
$ +!R$"& C= =*+= $ E!!+ ,= D+$$.
T@"! D #$*+C"I; #*H’I+$ @!#E!;&, %%D%-
$-"&%#$!, "!D%'" E%#$&C$& " "D<" !#!H ';$A
E&! &"+&$ =*+ ? DH%DE%<% #&!I, @!#E!#A-
+!, "?A!#$" " &?#= E!$%H * H*A-+= H+= +, &"-
E!&"! ! &?#!@! &H!*, +"' &E+"&, +!? H+ % 'I
'!J?&!#$" EF$ H+"&#A+% !H#?*@!&*& H! +M!
$+ &"'!& !E*#+I$A# D+!!' H! H+"&#A+' E&?-
'.
! E!$!<= =*+"& &"E!&"! ! #$*+C", $+!J ?%-
J$A:
x =*+ D #E%C"?A' %J'' ,= &+!#$, M! &"-
+&;$A# * &E+=, E%%H<%= D+!' +, H! +-
$' H"%$* ""#$"& +,;
x E!$!<" =*+ $E* «», M! &"+&;$A# & C"!?A"F
&?;$" !"C"F' E%#$&C$&' " E%#$&C$&' ;<-
= !#"H-%%D%$"&, +" % DF';$A# E"EI'CA+!; "-
?A"#$; $%$!", +,;
x E!$!<" =*+ $E* «K», M! &"+&;$A# & C"!?A"F
&?;$"
E!#$"F' E%#$&C$&';
x +$+!&" =*+, M! &"+&;$A# ? !H?"+* !E%C"F D
E?$"J' +$+' &"E!&"! ! &'!@ C"I, #$*+C",. E%-
C", D C' =*+' D"F#;;$A# D *=*&' !#!H?&!#-
$%F, &D<%= C"I; #$*+C"I; $ &"E!&"' !'$&!-
E&!&' +$' C"!?A!@! H+*, M! %@*?;;$A D"F#-
% !E%C"F "D D#$!#*&' E?$"J= +$!+;
x E!$!<" (+!E<*&?A") =*+ &H!<= !"&.
#$*+C"I; <"$+! &D<%!, +" =*+ ';$A E&! &"+-
&$ $" < "R" #*H’I+$, E%%?"+ !+*'%$"&, %!H="= ? &"-
+$$ =*+* & D?%J!#$" &" F!@! &*.
N#$ H+*, ! *+C"!?A= !H!&’D+"& += &"%#%!
;<% #*E!&!J% #E& !D=*+!&!-+#!&% !H#?*-
. .
196
@!&*& +?"I$"&, E!&" *J% !H% D$ E!?!J% C"I, -
#$*+C", " !H!&’D+!&! &"#$%J*&$ &#" D'", +" !#$A <#$!
&!#$A# C"!?A' H+!' +,. +!J %!H="! D&%-
$$ *&@* % ?R% &"#$A $= < "R= !+*'%$"&, +" &-
'@;$A# ? &"+$$ =*+*, ?% F E&?A"#$A ,= !!-
'?% &"E!&"! ! D+!!&#$&.
§ 4. *(
*" *"
( %
K!!+ D"F#% H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"& * C"-
!?A"F &?;$" &D<%F, & E%R* <%@*, * T+!" +,
«K! E?$"J" ##$%' $ E%%+D @!R%F & +,"», $+!J &
#$*+C", «K! H%D@!$"&+!&" !D=*+ & C"!?A"F &?;$"
+,», D$&%J%"F E!#$!&!; K&?" C"!?A!@!
H+* +, &" 21.01.2004 . - 22.
T@"! "D &+D' T+!!' ""C"$!!' E%%+D* '!J% H*$
E?$+, $+!J !$'*&< * D" ""C";& E%%+D* D !E!-
'!@!; E?$"J!, &'!@ E !@!&"!'* #E#" $ & "R=
&E+=, E%%H<%= D+!!&#$&!', " #$@*&<, M! !$'*I
&"E!&"% E&! &+?;<! E"#$&" &D<%= D+!!' &-
+!&<= !+*'%$"& * &E+=, E%%H<%= D+!!'.
"C";& E%%+D* E!&!$A# R?=!':
1) E! ""C"$!!' ! H+*, & +!'* &"+$! F!@! =*-
!+, !D=*+!&!@! !+*'%$;
2) E! E?$+!' ! H*A-+!@! H+* !+*'%$ E%-
%+D @!$"&+ " &"E!&"!, #*' +!R$"& * @!$"&+!&"F !'";
3) E! ""C"$!!' ! &"E!&"!, *#$!& — <?% E?-
$"J!, ##$%' !+*'%$ E%%+D, M! &+!#$!&*I$A# * &"-
E!&""F E?$"J"F ##$%'" ? ""C";& E%%+D*;
4) &+!#$ %J$%?%' #E%C"?A!@! E?$"J!@! D#!H*
? !E?$ &$!#$" $!&"& " E!#?*@ H! ? !$' +!R$"& *
@!$"&+!&"F !'";
5) E! !$'*&<%' E?$"J!, &'!@ E !@!&"!'*
#E#";
6) +?"I$!' H+*, M! F!@! !H#?*@!&*I, ?%J' <-
!' !!'?%!@! !*<% !@!&"% #E#.
197
"C";& E%%+D* D"F#;I$A# D $+' &' !D-
=*+!&= !+*'%$"&:
1) E?$"J% !*<%;
2) E?$"J &'!@-!*<%;
3) !D=*+!&F <%+;
4) E?$"J &'!@;
5) '%'!"?AF !%.
C"!?AF H+ +, 'I E&! &#$!&?;&$ "R"
& !D=*+!&= !+*'%$"&.
?"I$ H+* 'I E&! #'!#$"F! !H$ & !D=*+!-
&!@! !+*'%$ (+"' E?$"J!, &'!@), +" &D<%" &M%&+-
D' T+!!',
? ""C";& E%%+D*.
K?$"J &'!@ D#$!#!&*I$A# * &E+=, +!? ""C"$!!' E%-
%+D* &#$*EI #$@*&< H!, E !@!&"!'* #E#", !$'*&<.
!D=*+!&" !+*'%$, D &$+!' E?$"J!, &'!@-
!*<%, ';$A E!&$# ""C"$!!' ! H+*, M! F!@! !H-
#?*@!&*I. K?$"J &'!@-!*<% E!I$A# !$'*&<%'
+!R$"& H%DE!#%%A! ! E?$+. !#$&+ E?$"J!, &'!@-
!*<% ! E?$+ '!J% D"F#;&$# H+!', +F !H#?*-
@!&*I !$'*&< +!R$"&, <%%D H+, M! !H#?*@!&*I E?$+,
$+!J D !E!'!@!; D#!H"& D&’D+*.
$@*&< 'I E&! E!&$ !D=*+!&" !+*'%$, M! ""-
C";;$A E%%+D D =*+ H+*-%D%$, &"+$!@! & C"!-
?A!'* H+* +,, H%DE!#%%A! ! C"!?A!@! H+*
+,.
K &+!#$" !D=*+!&!@! !+*'%$ ""C";& E%-
%+D* &&JI$A# D&%R%' D '!'%$* EF$$ H+!' E?-
$+ !D=*+!&!@! !+*'%$ &+!.
+ ';$A DH%DE%<*&$ "+#*& $ EF$$ !D-
=*+!&!@! !+*'%$ &+!.
K! EE%!&= !D=*+!&= !+*'%$"& ! H+* 'I
D"F#;&$# +?"I$!' !#!H#$!, +M! "R% % E%%H<%! !-
@!&!!'.
K! %?%+$!= !D=*+!&= !+*'%$"& '!J% D"F#-
;&$# +?"I$!' + !#!H#$!
!#"= "!'C",, $+ " D !-
E!'!@!; = F!'* !H#?*@!&*;<' H+!' E!@'!-
$%="<= D#!H"&, +" DH%DE%<*;$A D&’D!+ D E!@'!-
$%="<' D#!H' CA!@! H+*. K!@'!-$%="<" D#!H D
&H*!&!; & = ##$%'!; D=#$* "!'C", ';$A &"E!&"-
$ &'!@', M! &#$!&?;;$A# C"!?A' H+!' +,.
H#?*@!&*;<F E?$+ H+ D!H!&’DF E%%&"$ &"-
E!&""#$A !'% =*+ E?$+ " F!@! +!* ("%$"+C"F-
. .
198
!@! !'%, D F!@! &!#$", $!M!) $ EF'$ C%F !+*'%$
! &+! $"?A+ * D" ,= DH"@*. "' CA!@!, !H#?*@!&*;<F
E?$+ H+ E%%&"I E!&!$*, C"?"#"#$A $ !#$!&""#$A CA!-
@! !D=*+!&!@! !+*'%$ & E!+*, &#$!&?%!'* C"!-
?A' H+!' +,. D" %!$' DD<%= &'!@
&"E!&"?A"#$A D R+!*, DE!"* E?$+*, E!+?I$A#
H+, M! !H#?*@!&*I E?$+.
H#?*@!&*;<F !$'*&< H+ D!H!&’DF E%%&"$ &"-
E!&""#$A !'% =*+ !$'*&< " F!@! +!* ("%$"+-
C"F!@! !'%, D F!@! &!#$", $!M!), M! '"#$$A# & !D-
=*+!&!'* !+*'%$", $ D=!&*&$ +!R$ =*!+
!$'*&< &+?;<! * D" ,= DH"@*. E!$&!'* D" H+, M!
!H#?*@!&*I !$'*&<, 'I E&! D$'$ #*'* E%%+D*
#$!+ ! <!$A!= !H!<= "& ? &#$!&?% ?%J!@!
!$'*&< C= +!R$"&. D" %'!J?&!#$" &#$!&?% ?%-
J!@! !$'*&< H+, M! !H#?*@!&*I !$'*&<, D!H!&’DF
E!&%*$ +!R$, E%%+D" D C' !+*'%$!', H+*, M! !H-
#?*@!&*I E?$+, "D DD<%' E< ,= E!&%%. D"
%!$' &M%DD<%!, &'!@ &"E!&"?A"#$A D R+!*,
DE!"* #*H’I+$' E%%+D*, E!+?I$A# H+, M! !H#?*@!-
&*I !$'*&<.
D" &"'!& D H*A-+= E< * EF$$" !D=*+!&!-
@! !+*'%$ H+ 'I E!&%*$ F!@! ""C"$!* % E"D"R% -
#$*E!@! !E%C"F!@! H+* "D DD<%' E< E!&%-
%.
!D=*+!&!-+#!&% !H#?*@!&*& +?"I$"& D"F#;I$A#
H+' !@!&""F !#!&".
+ &+!*;$A !D=*+!&" !+*'%$ &"E!&"! ! <%-
@!&!#$" ,= =!J% $ &+?;<! & '%J= D?R+* +!R$"&
=*+= E?$+"&, +"' &E+"& E?$+* !H#?*@!&*-
;<' F!@! H+!' +%$*.
K!!+ &D<% D?R+* +!R$"& &#$!&?;I$A# C"!-
?A' H+!' +,.
D" %!#$$!#$" =*+* E?$+ +!R$"& ? &+!-
* E!&!'* !H#D" !D=*+!&!@! !+*'%$ #$@*&<
'!'%$ F!@! =!J% ! H+* E?$+ C%F H+ D"F#;I
<#$+!&% &+! CA!@! !D=*+!&!@! !+*'%$ R?=!' E%-
%+D* #*' +!R$"&, M! D=!$A# =*+* E?$+, -
=*!+ !$'*&<.
%D?%J! &" !#!H ""C"$! H+ +, % &%*$A !H?"+
!D=*+!&= !+*'%$"& ""C"$!"& * D" &"#*$!#$" (%!#$-
$!#$") +!R$"& =*+= E?$+"&, +M! "R% % E%%H<%!
199
!@!&!!' '"J H+!' $ F!@! +?"I$!'. D" &!#$" !@!&!-
* %&+!" !D=*+!&" !+*'%$ (E!&"!'?% E! ,= -
=!J%) H+ D!H!&’D" E%%&$ E?$+' — +?"I$'
C= H+"& D !$'' &" = E#A'!&!@! E!#&"<% M!! ,=
&*<%.
*' E%%+D*, M! !H?"+!&*I$A# & H+*, +F !H#?*@!&*I
!$'*&<, ! #$ $ &?;$*& % '!J% H*$ !H’I+-
$!' E'*#!&!@! #E#, M! D#$!#!&*I$A# ! !$'*&<.
"C";& +?"I$!' H+* E%%+D* & "$%%#= $%$"= !#"H
'!J% D"F#;&$# * &E+=, E%%H<%= D+!!&#$&!'.
K!C%* ""C";& E%%+D* * %H+"&#A+"F E?$"J"F
##$%'" &D<I$A# E&?' &"E!&"!, E?$"J!, ##$%',
E!@!J%' D C"!?A' H+!' +,.
?" D&%*$ *&@* $%, M! E?$"J% !*<% '!J% H*$
&"+?+% ""C"$!!' E%%+D* & H*A-+F <# ! #E# #*-
' +!R$"& D F!@! =*+ R?=!' E! ! H+*, M! !H#?*@!-
&*I CA!@! ""C"$!, !+*'%$ &"+?+.
K?$"J &'!@ E'*#!&% #E# +!R$"& '!J% H*$
&"+?+ #$@*&<%' * H*A-+F <# ! #E# +!R$"& D -
=*+ E?$+ R?=!' E! ! H+*, M! !H#?*@!&*I CA!@!
#$@*&<, !+*'%$ &"+?+.
!D=*+!&F !+*'%$ '!J% H*$ &"+?+F $"?A+ & E!-
&"F #*'".
!+*'%$ &"+?+ '!J% H*$ + EE%!&', $+ " %?%+-
$!'. " #+?I$A# ""C"$!!' * !&"?A"F !'" $ D#&"-
<*I$A# ' * &#$!&?%!'* E!+*.
"C"$! ! #$ $ &?;$*& '!J% &"+?+$ +!-
R$, +" ! D=*& ,= =*!+ !$'*&< H! &<" &
@!$"&+!&"F !'" !H?"+!&*;$A# & H+*, M! !H#?*@!&*I !$'*-
&<. !+*'%$ &"+?+ +!R$"& ""C"$! E!I ! #&!@!
H+*, +F $!@! #'!@! I H+* !$'*&< &+D"&+* E!
E!&%% +!R$"&.
+ !$'*&< & %A !%J &+D"&+ E!&%$I +!R$ D
%+&"D$', DD<%' & "F, +M! <# =!J% $+!,
&+D"&+ &! % D=!&" =*!+ !$'*&<, $ E!&"!'-
?I !$'*&< E! &"+?+ +!R$"& ""C"$!!'.
K!!+ &"+?+ !D=*+!&= !+*'%$"& * %H+"&#A-
+"F E?$"J"F ##$%'" &D<I$A# E&?' &"E!&"!, E?$"-
J!, ##$%', E!@!J%' D C"!?A' H+!' +,.
K?$+ E *+?%" !@!&!"& "D H+!' 'I E&! E%%-
H<$ !@!&"% #E# @!R%F "D #&!,= =*+"& +!#$A
H+* E?$+ $/H! $%$"= !#"H.
. .
200
'!& !@!&!* !@!&"% #E# E!&" E%%H<$
!H#@ "!'C",, !#$$"F ? ?%J!@! &+! $+!@!
#E# H+!', M! !H#?*@!&*I E?$+ (!H#$&, D +=
H+ 'I D"F#$ (D"F#;&$) !@!&"% #E#; F'%*-
& !$'*&< $ H+* !$'*&<; %+&"D$ =*+, D +!-
@! 'I D"F#;&$# !@!&"% #E#; %+&"D$ !@!&!*
'"J E?$+!' $ !$'*&<%' (D &!#$" !@!&!*), M! E%-
%H<I E&! !$'*&< !@!&"% #E#; E%%?"+ !+*-
'%$"&, M! ';$A H*$ E%#$&?%" !$'*&<%' & !H#?*@!&*;-
<F E?$+ H+ (+M! E?$+ $ !$'*&< !'!&?#A E!
C= !+*'%$"& ! H+* E?$+) $!M!).
!@!&"% #E# D"F#;I$A# D E?$"J!; &'!@!;
!$'*&< H! D '%'!"?A' !%!', !!'?%' H+!'.
D", +M! +%$!!' D !@!&!!' I !H#?*@!&*;<F E?$-
+ H+, E&! H+* E!&%% !@!&"!@! #E# E%-
%H<I$A# & !@!&!" !D=*+!&!-+#!&% !H#?*@!&*&
H! & "R!'* !@!&!" E! H+"&#A+= E!#?*@.
"C";& E%%+D* E !@!&"!'* #E#" * %H+"&#A-
+"F E?$"J"F ##$%'" &D<I$A# E&?' &"E!&"!, E?$"-
J!, ##$%', E!@!J%' D C"!?A' H+!' +,.
"?AR %$?A! E!!+ D"F#% H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"&
* C"!?A"F &?;$" +, &D<%F * &M%&+D"F -
#$*+C", C"!?A!@! H+* +,. T!+%', #$*+C"I; &-
D<%" !' E?$"J= "#$*'%$"&, E!!+ ,= DE!&%,
E&? E! $ &"+?+, E& $ !H!&’D+ *<#+"&
!D=*+"& & D?%J!#$" &" D#$!#*& $"I, < "R!, !'
H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"&.
5
1. %'" «!D=*+» !D@?;$A & %+"?A+!= D<%=. K!-E%R%,
E" !D=*+' !D*'";$A H*A-+F #E!#"H EE% D!H!&’DA (+
@!R!&=, $+ " %@!R!&=) '"J #$!!', & $!'* <#?" &+! D!-
H!&’D & $*" $ D=*& !!"= D*#$"<= (E!#?"!&=)
&'!@ (R!+% D<% $%'" «!D=*+»). K!-*@%, E" E!$$'
«!D=*+» !D*'";$A
#'% @!R!&" D!H!&’D (!H!&’D+) #$!",
E?$%J" (&*DA+% D<% $%'" «!D=*+»). CA!'* D<%" E!$$
«!D=*+» %"+! !H'%J*;$A #%!; H%D@!$"&+!&= !D=*+"&, +"
D"F#;;$A# #*H’I+$' @!#E!;& <%%D "#!&!-+%$" *#$-
!&. FH"?AR !H_*$!&!;, R* *'+*, I E!DC", D@"! D +!; !-
D=*+ '!J*$A D"F#;&$# * @!R!&"F $ %
@!R!&"F !'=.