United States Committee on Large Dams. U.S. Dams

SUMMARY

OF PRINCIPAL

F'EATI]RES

Location

Columbia River,

Washington

River

mile

F16

(880

km)

Purpose

Power

Owner

and operator

Public

Utility District

No.

1 of

Douglas

County,

'Wash-

ington

Engineer

and

construction

manager

Bechtel

Corporation

Main

construction

contractor

Joint

venture

sponsored

by

Morrison-Knudsen

Company

Chronology

Am_ended

Application

for

FpC

License:

April

1961.

FpC

License

issued:

July 19G2,

Constructioi

startedi

Oc-

!qU-g"

1963,

Five

power

units

in

ope:cation:

September

..

19_67,

Ten

power

units

in operatioi:

September'

lgOg

Stream

flow

Drainage

area

(total

above

dam):

-_

sq -i

(m,

x 10j)

-_---____,-_-_-__i_-

gti,g0o

(220.900)

Maximum

known

flood

at

dam

site:

M";rii,#'li"Xl

1a;;ffi-;i;;dr

-

66?,000 (18'600)

rJi'!T1fff)"i*;.ii;il

1,180,000 (33'400)

WEL,LS

HYDROELECTRIC

PROIECT

59

Major

construction quantities

(estimated)

the

discharge

of water

up

to

2b0r0

cfs

(,21

rnslsec)

through

the

fish

entrances

and

lby

means

rlf

sub-

merged

water

jets

directed

across

the

Hydlrocom-

bine.

The

earth

embanknnents

extending

fro,m

the

Hydrocombine

to

both

atrutments

are

of

conventional

design

consisting

of central

imperrvious

eores

pro-

tected

by

transition

zoners

and rock

and

gtravel,

shells.

Seepage

through

the highly

pervious

foundation

materials

beneath

the

wr:st

embankment

rvill

be

con-

trolled

by

a

combined

()pen

cut;

excaval;ion

and

a

slurry

type

cutoff

to

rock.

To

permit

work

to

proceed

onr

the Hyclroc,ombine

during

the high

water

period

of :1.968-G4,

the

main

construction

contract

was

awarded

in

the ilall

of

1968

so

that

the cofferdam

could

be crcnstrucbed

during

the low

water

period

of

lgGB-64.

concrete

pla,cement

in

the

Hydrocombine

began

in

June 1964.

Fo)lowing

river

diversion

through

the

prartially

connpleted

Units 8,

9

and 10,

and

over

the completerd

spillway

in December

1966,

the east

emlla;nkmenlb

was

con-

structed

and

the

reservoir

raiserd

during

the

high

water

period

of

1967.

Installatio:n

of

equipment

and

equipment

testing

is

scheduled

so

that

firre

generat-

ing

units will

be ready

for

comrnrercial

op,eral,ion

by

September 1,

1967.

Completion

oll

lbhe

fiye

addtitional

units

is

scheduled

to folllow

at

aprproximately

two-

month

intervals.

Plans

and

specificati,ons

for

the

mainr

construc-

tion contract

provided

for: construction

of

i;he

lFlydro-

combine with

seven

units installed,

emb,ankments,

fish spawning

and

rearing

facil.ities,

hig:hway

and

railroad

relocation

in

the vicinity

of

the

dam,

and

installation

of

equipm€xrt

purchased

uncler

supply

contracts.

This

contract,

and

the

supply

contracts

contained

provisions

for

the

opt:ional

purch&se

&nd

installation

of

three

aclditional

generating

units.

These

options were

exercised

in

Ilebruary

1g6d

so

that

the

project

could

be construct;ed

initjially

to its

ultimate

capacity.

The

project

is

financed

from

rbhe

sale

of revenue

bonds which

are

supported

by long

term

power

sales

contracts

between

the I'ublic

Utility

District

and

four

investor

owned

utilities

in

the Pacittic

l$orth-

west.

The Public

Utility Distriet,

has

reserved

a

portion

of the

project

output for it;s

future

usie

but,

initially,

the

annual

cost

and

out;put

of tlhe

project

will

be divided

among

the

four

investor

olynecl

utili-

ties.

Reservoir

Volume

at normal

(237,6

rn):

ac-ft

(mr

x

106)

Pondage:

miles

(km)

Dam

maximum

pool

elevation

300,000

10

(2.e00)

779

ft

(370)

(92,6)

(3.e30)

(48)

(16)

e

(14)

1oit,000

.

ac-ft

(m1

x 101)

-------.

?E;,000

Area

of

qoo^l

at

elevation

779

ft

(28?,6

in):

_

acres

("t1

I _10_1)

-----------____._--___--

'

9,?60

Length

to

Chief Joseph

Dam:

miles

(km)

g0

Railroad

relocation:

miles

1t<m)

Highway

relocation:

Type:

A concrete

structure,

Hydrocombine,

containing

power

gener-ation,

spillway,

fish

passage

facilities

anE

a

switchyard

and

two earth

embankmdnts.

Dimensions-ft

(m):

Hydrocombine

Length

10

generating

structures

--__

11

spillway

openings

________-_

2

end

walls

Total

Height

width

at foundation

-----.--

at

top

deck ----

Length

of end

walls

West

embankment

Length

Height

East

Embankment

Length

Height

490

506

134

1.,130

190

1?1.6

163

338

2i,360

170

(14e)

970

166

(164

(41

(344

(58

(62)

(60)

(10s)

(?20)

(62)

(2e6)

(51)

m):

(33.400)

m):

(26.300)

hoists;

eight

m)

wide

net

head

and

(?7,426

kw)

Spillway:

Spillway

capacity

elevation

7gl

ft

e{L.g

_ .cJs

(m3lsec)

--__-j---_-____-_-.--_____

1,180,000

Spillway c-apacity

elevation

779

ft

(ig7,6

_

cfs

(m3lsec)

896,00i)

Gates:

11

double-leaf

wheel

sates

46 ft

(la

-m)

by

66

ft

(20

m)

Three

remotely

operated

by

individual

operated

by

gantry

cranes

Fish

Facilities

Fish

entrances-4

plus

Z submerged

Fish

ladders-2

staircase

type

l-p ft

(8,?

Attraction

flow-5,000

cfs

-11+Z

mrTsei:;'

Power

facilities

Turbines:

10

Kgplan-L20,700

hp

at

64.9

ft

(19,?

m)

85.7

rpm

Generators:

_ _

10-81,500

kv.a,

0.95

pf,

14.4

kv,

60

r:ycle

Maximum

capability:

820,000

kw

Intake

gates:

2

sets

of

3 each

Draft

tube

gates:

2

sets of

3

each

Gan_try_cran€s:

_1;;4-q0

t_on

(408.000

kg)

1-300

ton

(272.000

ks)

Hydrocombir,re

switchyard:.

Type-main

and

transfer

bus

601

Y]EL]LOWTAIL DAM

Yellowtail

l)am and

I'ou'erplant

under construction.

YELLOWTAIL

DAM

"il

+.*,

Aerial

view

of Yellowtail

Dam, Powerplant,

and

Switchyard.

61

Floyd

I1.

Dominy,

Commissioner,

Bureau

of

Reclamation

United

States Department

of

the

Interior,

Washington,

D.

C.

Construc'tion

of Yellowtail

Dam

and

powerplant

was

begun

in May

1961

and

complet,ed

in

November

1966.

The

sbructures

are

the

largesrt

concrete

dam

and

the largest

powerplant,

respecti,vely,

to

be

con,

structed

by the Bureau

of

Recla:mation

on

the

Missouri

River Basin

Project.

The

clam

and

power-

plant

are located

on

the Bighorn

Rit'er

in

southeast

Montana,

22

miles

(35

km)

north

of the

Montana-

Wyoming

state

line.

The

525-ft-high

(160-m)

concrete

thin-arch

dam

was

"topped out" in

November

1g6b,

and

storage

in

the reservoir

was

begun

in

the same

month.

Op-

eration

of the

powerplant's

first

of four

62,b00-kw

generating

units

began

in

August

1gOO.

Yellowtail

Unit is

a

multiple-purpose

develop-

ment

for

irrigation,

flood

control,

po.wer

generation,

improvement;

of fish

and wildlife

resources,

enhance-

ment

of

recreational

opportunities,

municipal

and

industrial

water

development,

and

other

benefits.

The

Yellowtail

Unit

is

essen.tial

to

d(evelopment

of

the adjacent

Hardin

Unit

of

the

projrect

:for

the

irrigation

of new

land,

as well

as :[or

nunlerous pro-

posed

pumping

units

along

the

yel,lowstone,

Tongue,

and Powder

Rivers.

In

addition

to

providing

power

for many

of the

pumping:

units

of'

the

Missouri

River

Basin

Project

remaining:

to be

dleveloped

along

the

Yellowstone

River.,

the water

su.pply

for

rnost

of

these

units,

lying

below

the mout;h

of

the Eiighorn

River, is

improved

by

river

regrilation

and

rsilt

re-

tention

at Yellowtail

Dam.

Floocl

control

benefits

extend

along

the Bighorn

River

in

Montana

and

to

the Yellowstone,

Missou;ri,

and

nfljississippi

Rivers.

Yellowtail

Powerplanrt

supplies

powel:

for

inte-

gration

with

present

Federal

ancl

private

power

de-

velopments,

and also

provides

power

for

irr:igation

pumping

along

the Yellowstone

River.

The

principal

area in which

power

produced

at;

the

povrerplant

is

marketed

comprises

northern

\{ry,oming

andl

Mon-

tana,

east of

the

Continental Divjlde,

and

port:ions

of

western

North

Dakota.

62

2

-2J'x6tLl'

(2-7{2n

x t9,

Rcdrcy

a?.Ftlni

Tcp cf don

-

El.

3660

(lll5-r57_m),

F1

.-l

VA

A

:.A3ct6i

-

/

-yoo-

-/

-

26'

(t.53n)

Dto. dlv on ll

,"'{:1

i

.i?3.9.,tib..,

SCALE OF

FEET

(TETERS)

PLAX

YELLOWTAIL

DAM

t

El. tlAO

(fi36'.32n)

.,.

\

El. 3:tO0

(toosrEtm)--,.

I

"

:').

.\\,\

s-"C

unir

cl"

(2't3m)

r.D' rwcwrtoni

'r:,

:\\E,-4|;

.rTf,.,n

fiJ.\!iil...Er.

r4z.so

(sje!36d)

\+':

il:nai

.. .

.1,

J-T",

cf don

-

El.

361t0

(rtt5r57m)

flii,-

Arir of

dom

Ef.

3535

(to77r17m)-..

d.pt\.

7.t6'x1i.o3,ena&n x

4rsEm) Fixrd whrt

eorr

\

qT{\-e'-6',

(2redn)

t.D.

ptet

ilj_:rf

SECTIOX

THRU

GRAPEVINE

TUNXEL

INTAKE

A o{d

m

l^n

.y

l-.:-_--2=a=31

/--\\

--=<lr-'aii\

\'

l-:'

SECTION

THRU

NIYER

OUTLETS

llox.

U.3.

Ef.

361t0

(rtt5r57n)-<1

I

ot

gof.,

Ef.

3657

(rt1116tnr-.,i.

Crrrr,

Ef

.

3593

(

IOgSrI

5In).'

-

"\'

!"

gr2-

x

ter63n'l

--

-

{r-Ef.

1660(ttt5t57n)

Top

of

gorr,

et.

lgst

ttti

Ef .

3s6o

ttot5n^1---)

ltr

l4

.40,-6"

Dio.

'.12rp1^G)'oqt'iu

tuaaol-'-'

*

Origiaol

ground lurlocr

-

--'

i.l2'(eJSm)

--5=

0.00a

lor.

t.S.

El. :1660

(1115t57m)'---""-

Top cf

rrclurlvr

flccd

cmtol-:"-.

'i

j

El. !657

(

t t t1.6 5^)-

-

:

"

1.."t-

!

Tcp of

;oiar

urr

r9oc5-El.316&(tio9J11*,

Top of octivr

Gcnrarvotioa .loe.

-

..'-:'

Top of octivr

Gcnrarvotioa tpet

-..'-,'

Ef.36la

(rtotr1tn)----

,j-

Top

cf

fnoctivr

tpoc.(lin. U.3.

(ot--''--.

pow.?

opcrctim) E1.3517

(lOSlr6m)!

Ef .

3.f5O

(1o5tr56a)."

Top ol drod rtcogeEl. 3296.5(t@1,

SECTIION THRU

PENSTOCK

AND POWER

PL.AXIT

--I9.93'rt8.98'

(jro3a

x

5r79m)t

Fit.d

whll gorr

-12'-0''

(3rr66n)

l.D.

prnrfock

,r.-,E

tlnirr

,62,5oo

K.W.

e.rrrcto.

,4,Xox.

opomring

T.I.

81.3t92.5 (gTroln)

-r

't',U"

QtBm)

l.D.

lrrlgoticn

outllrt

-81"

(2rl3n)

Rlng-follcwrr

gorr

2E

(Er53n)

Dia.

Tan

? 9

SECTION T}IRU

SPILLWAY

Ef.

3ta{1.00

(957roZm)

cu

yd

375,ooo

:t94,000

528,000

77,000

35,800

1,4,53,000

25,730

L9.672

tb

kg

7,477,000

3.391.507

YELLOWTAIL

DAM

m3

286.708

301.235

403.685

58.871

27.37L

1.110.898

63

SUMMARY

OF PRINCIPAL

FEATURES

Location

on

the_Big.holn

River about

4b

miles (?2

km)

southwest

of Hardin,

Montana

Purpose

Irrigation,

power,

flood

control

Owner

Bureau

of

Reclamation

Engineering

Bureau

of

Reclamation

Construction

By

contract

Chronology

Construction

period:

May

1961-November

1g66

Commercial_

operation:

unit

l-August

1966,

unit

4_No_

vember

1966

Reservoir

Total

ppgcr-ty

to

_elevation

B,6b?

ft

(1.11b

m):

.

ac-ft

(m3

x 106)

____.-_-__

-_

_.

-

_____

1,3?5,000

(1.696)

Aetive

capacity:

_

qc-ft

(m3

x 1Qe)

8?8,000

(1.0??)

Surface

area:

acres

(m?

x

104)

__________

1?,800

(?.001)

Dam

Type:

Concrete

thin

arch

cfs

(m3lsec)

2,b00

(71)

Power

facilities

Location:

At

the

toe

of

yellowtail

Dam

Iotul

nameplate

capacity:

2b0,000

kw

Number

and

capacity

ol

generators:

4

units at

62,b00

kw

each

Maximum

head:

462 ft

(140,8

m)

llajor

construction

quantities

Yellowtail

Dam

is near

t;he

mouth

of

Bighorn

canyon.

Yellowtail

Reservrcir

exi;ends

the

full

length

of

the canyon

and

onl;o

the

valley

floor

of

the

Bighorn

Basin

in

Wyoming.

The

canyon

has

steep

rocky

sloprss

and

vertical

cliffs;

the

axis

of

the dam

wars

placecl

approximately

at right

angles

to

tlhe canyon.

Foundation

rock

for

the

dam is

the Madison

limestone

formation,

which

is

about

735 ft

(2211

m)

thich

at

the

sil;e.

As

part

of

the

geological

inrrestigatiorrs

at

ilre

damsite,

the

Bureau's

engineering

geologiists

conducted

extensive

water

pressure

and

pumpirrg;

tests

in

exploration

tunnels

and

drill holes

to

erraluate

the

extent

of

joints

and

openings

:in

the rc,c.k,

possibilii;ies

of

leak_

age,

and

grouting

requirem€rnts.

In

treating

the dl,am's

foundation

under

the

con-

struction

contract

for

the

dam,

the

contractor

drilled

holes

and

grouted

them

over

the

full

area

of

the

foundation.

He

plac,ed

an

u[)stream

l:ow

of

holes

at

10-ft

(3-m)

centers

to 100-ft

(80-m)

depths;

other

holes

were

placed

ztt

Z0-ft

(6-m)

centrers

and

to

depths

varying

from

30

ft

(,9

m)

to b0

ft

(1b

m).

when

the

dam

w&s

cro'pletecl,

the

contractor

formed

a main

grout

curtain

by

drilling

and

grouting

from

the

dam's

foundation

gallery

at 10-ft

(B-m)

centers

to

maximum

depths

of

about;

800

ft

(91

m).

He

also

drilled

a line

rcf

drainage

holers

downstream

from

the

main

grout

curtain

zrt

10-ft

(B-m)

centers

to

depths

of

about

1b0

ft

(46

m).

The

contract

for

the

co:nstruction

of

the

dam

and

powerplant

was

awardect

in

Apri:l

1961

to

yel_

lowtail

constructors;

a

joirrt

venburer

firm

of

Morrison-Knudsen

C,ompany,

Lnc.,

thr:

Kaiser

Com_

pany,

Perini

Corporation,

Walsh

Consitruction

Com-

F&ny,

and

F

and

S

Contractirng

Company.

The

con_

tract

amount

was

$Bi9,80g,Bbg,

In

December

19G1,

the

crontracto.r

began

exca_

vating

simultaneousl;y

from

both

ends

the 2,100-ft-

long

(640-m)

tunnel

to

divert

the

J3ighorn

River

past

the

construction

site.

Tlhe

upsitream

g00

ft

(274

m)

of

the

tunnel

were

ztg

ft

(g,Ei

m)

in

diam.;

the remaining

1,200

ft

(968

nr)

of

the

tur:rnel,

which

Placement

of

concrete

ilr

the

dam

began

in

March

1963.

By

the

end

of

flh*

construction

season

of

the

same

year,

about

ia

half-nrillion

cu

yd

(382.277

rrrt)

of

concrete

were in

plarce.

The

con-

tractor

placed

the

miltionth

cu

yd

(T64.bbb

pe)

in

August

1964;

and

by November,

whe'

construction

was

shut

down

for

the season,

a

total

of 1,299,000

Ex?vation,

common,

in open

cut,

for

dam

and powerplant

Excavation

in

rock,

in

open

cut,

for

dam

and

porverplant

Excavation,

all

classes-,

in

open

cut

for

diversion

and

spillway

tunnels

Excavation,

all

classes.

in

diversion

tunnel

Excavation,

all

classes.

in

spillway

tunnel

Concrete

in

dam

Concrete

in

powerplant

and

appurtenant

structures

Reinforcing

steel

Structural

steel

for power-

plant

superstructure

Penstocks

and

outlet

pipes

Gates

and

valves

Tubing

for

cooling

concrete-

ft

(m)

1,600,000

2,700,0o0

2,415,000

725.747

7.224.698

1.095.425

1,209,000

(368.503)

64

YELLOWTAIL

DAM

cu

yd

(992.392

m")

had

been

placetl.

The

average

placement

rate

was

?2,000

cu

yd

(55.048

ms)

per

month.

Concrete

placement

resumetl

early

in 1965

and

continued

until the "topping

out"

in

November

of

that

year.

During

concrete

placement,

the

dam

was

divided

into

blocks

by

vertical

transverse

co:ntraction

joints

radial

to

the

axis

of the dam to

confine

shrinkage

cracks

to

predetermined

planes.

Asi

the

dam is a

thin

arch,

no

longitudinal contraction

joints

were

required.

Spacing

of the

joints

in most instances

was

55 ft

(16,8

m). The contraction

joints,

which

were

keyed, were

grouted

to

assure

watertightness

and

monolithic

action

of the dam.

The

concrete

was

placed

in 7.5-ft

(2,3-m)

lifts.

Maximum

differential

in

the

elevations

of

adjacent

blocks

did

not exceed 30 ft

(9,1

m), and the

highest

block

in

the

dam

was

not more

tharn

52.5

(16

m)

above

the

lowest block.

The

rate

of

ptlacement

in any

block

was

restricted

so

that not lnore than

one

horizontal

lift could

be

placed

in

72

hours.

The concrete

was

cooled by river water

pumped

through

l-in.

(2,54-cm)

tubing

embedded

in

each

Iift.

To

obtain

initial

cooling,

river urater was circu-

lated through the cooling

tubing for

14

days im-

mediately following

the

placement

of

the concrete

around the

tubing. About 230

miles

(370

km)

of

tubing were

embedded

in

the concr.ete. Following

the

initial

cooling

period,

the concrete was cooled

by

river water

circulated

through

the cooling system

until the

temperature

of the

concrete

had

been low-

ered to 38' F

(3"

C). The

cooling was carried

out

during

the winter

months.

Although no

refrigera-

tion

plant

was

needed

for

cooling

the

placed

con-

crete,

the

contractor

installed

an

8i00-ton-capacity

(726-metric

ton)

plant

to cool

the aggregate and

to

provide

flaked ice

to chill

the mix water.

After

the temperature

of the concrete had been

lowered

to 38'

F

(3"

C),

the open

transverse con-

traction

joints

were

filled

with

grout

through a

system

of

embedded

piping

and

ou.blets. The con-

crete was

successively

cooled

and

grouted

in

G0-ft-

high

(18,3-m)

lifts.

When the

proper

cooling

tem-

perature

had

been

attained

and t;he contraction

joints

grouted,

the

cooling

tubing was

filled

with

grout.

The

contractor's

installation

for

concrete

place-

ment included

a

batching

plant

having

six 4-cu_yd

z

(3-m')

mixers

to

produtce

concrfe'te

at

t;he

rate

of

about 400

cu

]'d

(306

m3)

per

lhour.

lfwo 25-ton

(22,7-metric

ton) high-speed

carbleways

were used

in

concrete

placement.

'The

3.25-in.-diam

(8,,26-cm)

cableways

had

a span oll

2,100 f1b

(640

m)

arrd

were

capable

of

delivering

conrcrete

to tlhe

dam

at the

rate

of

200

cu

yd

(152

m3)

per

hour.

Buckets

used

in

placement

had

a

capacity

of

8

cu

yd (6

mr).

Yellowtail

Powerplant is

a

brrick ma.sonry

and

concrete structure

about

258

ft

(78,6

m) long

and

61 ft

(18,6

m)

wide. ilhe

plarrt

has

a reinforced

concrete substructure

from

foundation to

generator

floor

and a

superstrur:ture

of' steel rigid-frame

bents and

grouted

bricl(

masonry

walls,

The roof

consists

of steel

decking,

insulation, and

builtup

roofing.

Construction

of the

powerplzr,nrt

was

rsarried

out

in two stages.

The

first

stage

of'

construction

was

part

of the

prime

cont:ract for t;he danr

and

con-

sisted

largely

in

the

placement

of 18,000 cu

yd

(13.762

m')

of

concrete, 1,600,00,0 lb

(725.?48

kg)

of superstructure

structural steel, 2,:100,000

lb

(952.544

kg)

of reinforcing

steel,

and

installation

of

two

125-ton

(ll3-metric

ton) overheacl traveling

cranes.

Second-stage

construction, begun in Novem-

ber

1964, was

carried out under a separate

r:omple-

tion contract and included installa'bion

of

the

87,500-

horsepower

(86.30l-metric

horsepower)

turbines,

generators, governors,

transforrners, heating

and

ventilating

equipment,

as well as

,other

fiinish

work.

An interesting feature of

the

power

drevelop,ment

at the dam

is

the

trans,mission

of

powe,r

from

the

plant

to

the switchyard

(on

ther

east

:rim

of

the

canyon,

high above the

rlam)

over two 1,800-ft-long

(549-m)

underground,

oil-filled,

high-preissure

pipes

enclosing

insulated cables.

Thiis

underground

in-

stallation

was

designed

to be consonant

with

the

Bureau's beautification

program.

Future

releases

from

Yellowtail

Reservoir

to

provide

a

highJevel

divr:rsion to lrhe

irrigation

sys-

tem

of the

43,550-acre

(17.624

x

10a

nn2)

Hardin

Unit

will be

diverted

through

ther left

albutment

of

the

dam

into the

Grape'vine Tunnel,

as

indicated

in

the

accompanying

dravring.

Als

the

Hardin

Unit

will

be developed

at a

lat;er

date,

ornly

thal;

portion

of

the

Grapevine

'funnel

pertinent

to

the

diem

was in-

cluded

in construction

o:[ the

dam.

United States Committee on Large Dams. U.S. Dams

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