Tsoulfanidis N. Measurement and detection of radiation
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APPENDIX
D
TABLES OF PHOTON
ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS
Table
Dl
Total Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2
/
gt
for Gamma
R~YS$
Photon
energy
(MeV)
H
Be
C
N
0
Na
600
MEASUREMENT AND DETECTON
OF
RADIATION
Table
Dl
Total Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2
/
gt
for Gamma ~ays*
(Continued)
Photon
energy
(MeV)
A
1
Si
Fe Cu P b Na
l
Compact Muscle, Pyrex Lucite
Air
"20
bone striated concrete glass
(CsH,Oz)n
TABLES OF PHOTON ATIENUATION COEFFICIENTS
601
Table
Dl
Total Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2
/
gt
for Gamma ~a~s*
(Continued)
Photon
energy Compact Muscle, Pyrex Lucite
(MeV)
Air
Ha0
bone striated concrete glass (C,%Oa)n
--
1.00
+
00 6.36
-
02 7.07
-
02
6.75
-
02
7.00
-
02 6.37
-
02
6.33
-
02 6.87
-
02
1.50
+
00 5.18
-
02 5.75
-
02
5.50
-
02
5.70
-
02 5.19
-
02
5.16
-
02 5.59
-
02
2.00
+
00 4.45
-
02
4.94
-
02 4.73
-
02
4.89
-
02
4.48
-
02 4.44
-
02
4.80
-
02
3.00
+
00 3.58
-
02 3.97
-
02 3.83
-
02 3.93
-
02 3.65
-
02 3.6 1
-
02 3.85
-
02
1.00
+
01 2.04
-
02 2.22
-
02 2.26
-
02 2.19
-
02 2.31
-
02 2.22
-
02 2.1
1
-
02
t~ulti~ly by
lo-'
to obtain m1
/kg.
*
~rom
J.
H. Hubbell, "Photon Cross Sections, Attenuation Coefficients, and Energy Absorption
Coefficients from
10
keV to
100
GeV," NSRDS-NBS
29
C
(1969).
S~ead
X
10.'
Table
D2
Mass Energy Absorption Coefficients in cm2
/
gt
for Gamma ~ayd
Photon
energy
(MeV)
H
Be
C
N
0
Na
602
MEASUREMENT
AND DETECTION
OF
RADIATION
Table
D2
Mass Energy Absorption Coefficients in cm2
/
gt
for Gamma
(Continued)
Photon
energy
(MeV)
H
Be
C
N
0
N
a
Compact Muscle, Pyrex Lucite
Hzo
bone striated Concrete glass (CsH,Oi)n
TABLES OF PHOTON ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS
603
Table
D2
Mass Energy Absorption Coefficients in cm2
/
gt
for Gamma ~a~s'
(Continued)
Photon
energy Compact Muscle, Pyrex Lucite
(MeV)
Hz0
bone striated Concrete glass
(C,
H802)n
t~ulti~l~ by 10" to obtain m2 /kg.
t~rom
J.
H.
Hubbell, "Photon Cross Sections, Attenuation Coefficients, and Energy Absorption
Coefficients from 10 keV to 100 GeV," NSRDS-NBS 29 C (1969).
APPENDIX
TABLE OF BUILDUP FACTOR CONSTANTS
Coefficients of the Berger Equation for Dose Buildup Factors
B
=
1
+
apr
exp(bPr)+
concrete$
~ir
5
water
8
E
(MeV)
a
b
a
b
a
b
0.015 0.0
1
0.029
0.08 -0.034 0.09
-0.036
0.02 0.03
0.04
1
0.23 -0.032 0.26
-0.032
0.03 0.10 -0.036
0.93 -0.009 1.01 -0.006
0.04 0.26 0.035 2.40 0.018
2.58 0.024
0.05 0.52
-0.026 4.05
0.050
4.36 0.057
0.06 0.78
-0.008 5.27
0.075 5.59'
0.082
0.08 1.42 0.007 6.11 0.102 6.47
0.108
0.1 1.83 0.028
5.93
0.113
6.11 0.120
0.15 2.19 0.054
4.70
0.121 4.88
0.125
0.2 2.20 0.065
3.94
0.113 4.13
0.1 18
0.3 2.03 0.067 3.10
0.094 3.18
0.096
0.4 1.87 0.061 2.61 0.079 2.67 0.080
0.5 1.73 0.055 2.29 0.067 2.32 0.068
0.6 1.60 0.049 2.05 0.058 2.07 0.05
9
0.8 1.41 0.040 1.71
0.045 1.74
0.045
1
1.27 0.032
1.50 0.035
1 .50 0.036
1.5 1.02
0.02 1
1.16
0.021 1.16
0.02
1
2 0.89 0.014
0.97 0.01 3
0.97 0.013
3 0.71 0.007 0.75 0.005 0.74
0.005
4
0.59 0.004
0.61
0.001 0.62
0.000
5 0.49 0.004
0.53
-0.002
0.52 -0.002
6 0.45 0.002
0.47
-0.004 0.47
-0.005
8 0.36 0.001 0.37
-0.004 0.38 -0.006
10 0.30 0.003
0.31
-0.004 0.31
-0.005
15 0.21 0.004 0.23
-0.006 0.23
-
0.008
t~ood up to
40
mean free paths, for point isotropic source in infinite medium.
$prom
A.
B.
Chilton, Nuc.
Sci.
Eng.
69:436 (1979).
$From
A.
B.
Chilton, C.
M.
Eisenhauer, and G.
L.
Simmons,Nuc.
Sd.
Eng.
73:97 (1980).
INDEX
Absorption coefficients (see Attenuation
coefficients)
Accuracy, 3, 5
Activation analysis:
charged particle reactions, 526
counting the sample, 531
interference reactions, 536
neutron reactions, 525
neutron sources, 529
photon sources, 529
photonuclear reactions, 527
sample irradiation, 530
sample preparation, 526
sensitivity, 534
standard error, 532
Activation equation, 481
Activator, 212
Activity, 105
minimum detectable, 71
specific, 105
ALARA,
567,583
Alpha, 90
detector, long-range, 204
range, 134
a
particle (see Alpha)
Amplifier, 14, 343
coarse gain,
16
fine gain, 16
nonlinearity, 343, 344
Analog-to-digital converter
(ADC),
308,345, 348
nonlinearity, 346, 347
Annihilation, 102
gammas, 157
Annual limit of intake
(ALI),
569
Anticoincidence, 331
Antineutrino,
86,
98
Antiparticle, 102
Arithmetic mean, 31, 33
standard error, 50
Atomic mass unit, 87
Atomic number, 86
effective, 131, 139, 147
Atoms, 83
radius, 83
energy levels, 84
Attenuation coefficient:
beta, 142
gamma, 158, 159
gamma, for compounds, 160
Average, 31
binding energy per nucleon, 90
cross section, 173
lifetime of nucleus, 105
of a function, 31
Background radiation, 541, 570
Barn, definition, 167
Bateman equation, 107
Beta particle, 98, 99
average energy, 100
mass absorption coefficient, 142
BF,
counter, 469
BF, sensitivity, 472
Binding energy, 87
of proton, 89
of neutron, 89
of alpha, 90
average per nucleon, 90