The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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333
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership........................................1
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................74
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
13
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............81
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................82
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................67
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................
21
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................82
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................28
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................51
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................126
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................94
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................
11
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................21
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................30
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism................................................4
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................89
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................
48
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................63
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................31
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................17
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............131
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................102
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................137
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
42
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......63
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................120
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ........................115
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................54
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................62
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................127
6.07 International air transport network ................................130
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................67
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................
21
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................78
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................71
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
38
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................40
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................40
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................41
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................38
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................18
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................59
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................
39
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................59
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................105
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................99
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
27
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................125
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................64
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................44
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................54
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................111
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........
41
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................75
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................104
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................
36
11.08 HIV prevalence*..................................................................1
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.............................................3
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................46
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................79
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................126
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................94
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................24
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................15
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................61
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................93
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................44
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................47
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................61
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................
34
Slovak Republic
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
334
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Slovenia
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................2.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................20.3
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................48.6
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................27,469.8
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–7.8
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................55
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,389...................2.6 ....................4.4
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................30...................3.5 ....................0.8
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,487.................12.1 ....................4.6
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................117.................13.6 ....................0.9
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................1,803.5
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........2,511.1
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................33 4.6
2009 Index............................................................................................................35 4.5
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................29 5.2
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................65 4.4
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................23 5.2
Safety and security .........................................................................................29 5.7
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................39 5.8
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................44 4.9
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................33 4.7
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................74 2.9
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................25 5.1
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................17 6.3
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................26 5.0
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................99 4.3
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................53 4.0
Human resources ............................................................................................42 5.1
Education and training.............................................................................36 5.3
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................78 5.0
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................49 4.8
Natural resources ...........................................................................................64 3.3
Cultural resources...........................................................................................58 2.8
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
335
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................116
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................58
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................116
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............126
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................
23
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................13
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...................................................1
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................98
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................31
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................37
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................71
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................97
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................52
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................
23
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................16
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................10
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................48
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................
19
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................58
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................46
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................40
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................39
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................94
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................45
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................68
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
22
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ........6
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................63
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ........................119
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................35
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................49
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................116
6.07 International air transport network ..................................77
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................42
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................49
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................34
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................39
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
12
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................28
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................14
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................36
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................
30
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................14
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................22
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................56
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................103
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................110
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................89
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................80
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................
29
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................40
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................38
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................47
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........35
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................65
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................132
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................82
11.08 HIV prevalence*..................................................................
1
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................11
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................28
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................29
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................79
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................89
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................43
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................55
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
16
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................98
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................122
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................
20
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................39
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................41
Slovenia
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
336
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
South Africa
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................49.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,219.1
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................287.2
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................10,229.1
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–1.8
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................115
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................10,085...................2.9 ....................4.5
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................372...................2.9 ....................2.2
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................26,446...................7.7 ....................4.6
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................869...................6.9 ....................2.4
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................7,011.9
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........7,542.8
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................66 4.1
2009 Index............................................................................................................61 4.1
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................82 4.4
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................31 4.8
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................48 4.9
Safety and security .......................................................................................129 3.5
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................88 4.1
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................64 4.5
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................62 3.9
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................43 3.9
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................66 3.7
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................57 4.3
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................95 2.6
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................37 4.9
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................49 4.1
Human resources ..........................................................................................128 3.7
Education and training.............................................................................67 4.7
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................138 2.8
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................43 4.9
Natural resources ...........................................................................................14 4.8
Cultural resources...........................................................................................55 2.9
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
337
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................43
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................29
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................71
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................
38
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............63
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................
27
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................83
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................52
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
40
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................45
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................58
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................
32
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................107
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................
28
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................102
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
30
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................42
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................104
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................137
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ..................................................119
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................95
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................84
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................80
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................67
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................24
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................134
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................
26
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................85
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......
46
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................18
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................16
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................23
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................61
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................94
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
29
6.07 International air transport network ..................................12
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................43
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................47
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................49
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................125
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................69
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................98
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................45
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................52
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................107
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................98
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................94
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................73
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................57
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................69
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
31
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................46
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................63
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.......................................107
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................
45
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................130
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........
49
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................26
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................135
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................138
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................136
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.........................................138
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................124
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................85
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................59
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended........................
8
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................10
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................83
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
26
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................25
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................53
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................62
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................
35
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................53
South Africa
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
338
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Spain
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................46.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................505.4
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ..........................................1,467.9
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................29,625.5
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–3.7
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................25
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................91,828...................5.9 ....................1.2
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,280...................6.8 ....................1.2
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................237,898.................15.3 ....................1.8
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,205.................17.1 ....................1.4
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009..............52,231.1
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......53,176.7
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .............................................................................................................8 5.3
2009 Index..............................................................................................................6 5.3
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................22 5.3
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................85 4.3
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................33 5.0
Safety and security .........................................................................................36 5.4
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................29 6.1
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................11 5.9
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................10 5.3
Air transport infrastructure..............................................................................8 5.3
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................13 5.7
Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................8 6.7
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................30 4.7
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................106 4.2
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................6 5.2
Human resources ............................................................................................46 5.1
Education and training.............................................................................41 5.2
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................71 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................37 5.0
Natural resources ...........................................................................................35 4.2
Cultural resources.............................................................................................2 6.6
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
339
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................28
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................45
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................76
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............86
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................70
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................119
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................83
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................65
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................38
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................44
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................47
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................102
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................57
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................101
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ......................................
1
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................117
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................25
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................52
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................19
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................13
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................52
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................14
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................22
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................17
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*..........................
1
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ........6
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................31
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................
10
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ............................7
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................28
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................51
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
6
6.07 International air transport network ..................................31
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................20
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................13
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................18
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................13
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................25
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ......................................................................8
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................40
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...............................................
4
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................68
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................32
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................19
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................28
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................44
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................31
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................115
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................112
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................86
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................52
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*...........................................4
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ......................................3
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................107
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........26
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................89
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................137
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................62
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................79
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................22
11.10 Life expectancy*.................................................................
7
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................70
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................54
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended........................
7
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*...........................7
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................78
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................59
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................68
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................2
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................18
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
3
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................15
Spain
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
340
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Sri Lanka
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................20.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................65.6
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................42.2
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................4,763.8
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................3.5
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................58
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,248...................2.8 ....................5.5
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................183...................2.2 ....................2.0
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,388...................7.5 ....................5.8
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................503...................6.2 ....................1.4
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................447.9
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........350.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................81 3.9
2009 Index............................................................................................................78 3.8
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................79 4.4
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................91 4.1
Environmental sustainability........................................................................117 4.1
Safety and security .........................................................................................91 4.4
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................81 4.3
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................32 5.1
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................83 3.4
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................90 2.6
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................34 4.8
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................104 2.3
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................94 2.6
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................60 4.7
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................68 3.8
Human resources ............................................................................................54 5.0
Education and training.............................................................................39 5.2
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................101 4.8
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................99 4.4
Natural resources ...........................................................................................44 3.8
Cultural resources...........................................................................................82 2.0
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
100
200
300
400
500
600
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
341
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................80
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................64
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
43
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................95
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............84
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................107
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................107
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................
48
1.09 GATS commitments* .....................................................102
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................55
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................
49
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................36
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................25
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .................................117
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................134
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................65
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................134
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................91
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................85
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
47
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................102
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................63
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................82
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................58
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................36
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................44
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................36
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................44
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......63
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................62
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................60
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................92
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................137
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................76
6.07 International air transport network ..................................61
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................55
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................
40
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................44
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................65
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
23
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ..................................................................110
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................95
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................92
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................46
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................108
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................77
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................96
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................98
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................123
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................
21
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................52
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................114
10.05 Hotel price index*...............................................................
5
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................10
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................72
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................
44
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........46
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................37
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................94
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................91
11.08 HIV prevalence*..................................................................
1
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................40
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................92
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................120
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................89
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................56
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................24
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................42
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................30
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................64
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................44
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................105
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................77
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................69
Sri Lanka
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
342
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Swaziland
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................1.2
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................17.4
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .................................................3.0
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................5,743.0
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................1.2
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................101
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................66...................1.8 ....................3.4
Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................3...................2.1 ....................2.6
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................162...................4.3 ....................3.3
Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................6...................4.6 ....................2.6
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................908.5
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 .............40.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................116 3.4
2009 Index..........................................................................................................n/a n/a
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................99 4.2
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................90 4.2
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................57 4.7
Safety and security .........................................................................................76 4.7
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................113 2.6
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................52 4.7
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................101 3.1
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................123 2.2
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................65 3.8
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................108 2.1
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................115 2.0
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................14 5.2
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................136 2.8
Human resources ..........................................................................................139 2.9
Education and training...........................................................................123 3.5
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................139 2.3
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................69 4.6
Natural resources ...........................................................................................90 2.7
Cultural resources.........................................................................................137 1.0
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum