The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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313
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................75
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................42
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................50
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............20
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................72
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
13
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................56
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................89
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................25
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................46
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................44
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................84
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................39
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................76
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ......................................
1
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................33
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................37
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................33
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................26
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................23
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................40
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................50
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................26
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................26
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................46
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................27
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......
12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................50
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................30
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................31
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................26
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................31
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................27
6.07 International air transport network ..................................50
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..................................................................8
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................24
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................47
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................19
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................37
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................24
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...............................................3
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................29
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................47
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................27
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................35
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................
11
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................54
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................111
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................123
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................128
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................35
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................16
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................14
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................76
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........40
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................73
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................138
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................
17
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................93
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................38
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................28
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................55
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................
13
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................26
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................43
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................106
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................33
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................86
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................22
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................
14
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................15
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................35
Portugal
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
314
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Puerto Rico
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................4.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................9.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................86.5
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009.....................................n/a
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................n/a
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies) .................n/a
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,226...................1.3 ....................3.4
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................16...................1.2 ....................2.6
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,762...................4.9 ....................3.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................63...................4.8 ....................2.1
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................3,550.5
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........3,472.8
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................45 4.4
2009 Index............................................................................................................53 4.3
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................40 5.0
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................14 5.2
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................14 5.4
Safety and security .........................................................................................61 5.0
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................69 4.7
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................48 4.8
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................38 4.6
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................31 4.3
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................19 5.5
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................32 5.1
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................63 3.3
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................69 4.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................88 3.6
Human resources ............................................................................................33 5.2
Education and training.............................................................................26 5.4
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................73 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................27 5.2
Natural resources .........................................................................................111 2.4
Cultural resources...........................................................................................93 1.8
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
315
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................30
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................12
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................28
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................98
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements*..............n/a
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................96
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
21
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...................................................7
1.09 GATS commitments*.......................................................n/a
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................19
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................24
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................33
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................24
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................29
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................108
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ...................................n/a
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................69
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................
42
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................108
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
42
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................50
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* .....................................n/a
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................57
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................64
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................31
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................46
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................
32
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................44
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....107
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................19
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ..............................n/a
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* .........................n/a
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................
10
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................30
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................89
6.07 International air transport network ..................................
40
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................38
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................
28
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................77
7.05 Road density* .....................................................................
8
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................68
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................
40
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................15
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................30
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................84
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................56
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................44
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................100
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.......................................7
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................118
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................109
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................
21
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................91
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................27
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................78
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................51
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........
18
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................17
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................97
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................104
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................78
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................69
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................
36
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................41
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................49
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................
10
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................103
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................43
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................120
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................122
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................53
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................69
14.04 Creative industries exports* ............................................n/a
Puerto Rico
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
316
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Qatar
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................1.4
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.6
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................98.3
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................78,260.4
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................8.6
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................122
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................961...................0.9 ....................7.9
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................10...................1.3 ....................4.8
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,348...................8.4 ....................7.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................67...................8.8 ....................4.7
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................1,658.6
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........178.6
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................42 4.4
2009 Index............................................................................................................37 4.5
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................43 5.0
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................37 4.7
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................67 4.5
Safety and security .........................................................................................28 5.7
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................47 5.5
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................58 4.6
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................34 4.7
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................20 4.7
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................35 4.7
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................34 5.1
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................45 4.0
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................38 4.9
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................90 3.6
Human resources ............................................................................................18 5.5
Education and training.............................................................................30 5.3
Availability of qualified labor.....................................................................8 5.8
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................118 4.2
Natural resources .........................................................................................127 2.1
Cultural resources...........................................................................................60 2.7
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
317
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................25
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................25
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................10
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................105
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............53
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................
15
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................46
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................66
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................98
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................30
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................21
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.......................7
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................137
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................95
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................
40
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................81
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................38
3.02 Reliability of police services................................................9
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................3
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................95
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................38
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................73
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................47
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................
31
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................11
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................123
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....109
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................16
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................
26
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .....................................4
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................29
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................67
6.07 International air transport network ....................................
5
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................41
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................
27
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................47
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................44
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................56
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................32
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................41
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................58
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................66
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................47
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ..........................................
6
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................10
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................103
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
11
10.04 Fuel price levels*................................................................5
10.05 Hotel price index*...........................................................111
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................73
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................74
11.03 Quality of the educational system......................................
4
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........71
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................
19
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................14
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.................................................6
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................48
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................94
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................
38
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................135
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................106
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................58
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................134
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
35
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................135
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................104
14.02 Sports stadiums*................................................................
5
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................85
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................98
Qatar
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
318
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Romania
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................21.5
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................238.4
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................161.5
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................11,869.2
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–7.1
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................45
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,405...................1.9 ....................8.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................267...................3.2 ....................2.6
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,006...................5.1 ....................7.3
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................519...................6.1 ....................2.6
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................1,272.1
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........1,227.4
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................63 4.2
2009 Index............................................................................................................66 4.0
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................51 4.9
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................63 4.5
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................50 4.8
Safety and security .........................................................................................35 5.4
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................59 5.1
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................80 4.4
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................66 3.8
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................81 2.8
Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................101 3.1
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................38 5.0
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................49 3.8
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................80 4.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................66 3.8
Human resources ............................................................................................63 4.9
Education and training.............................................................................74 4.6
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................35 5.3
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................95 4.4
Natural resources ...........................................................................................94 2.7
Cultural resources...........................................................................................41 3.3
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
319
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................68
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................79
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................90
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................
42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............85
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................137
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
40
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................30
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................51
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................71
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................88
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................118
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................74
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .....................................
7
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................61
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
30
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................27
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................72
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................
32
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................40
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................59
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................88
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................90
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................
20
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............116
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................
43
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................118
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
44
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................102
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................
50
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................62
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................66
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................67
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
45
6.07 International air transport network ..................................81
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..............................................................134
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................70
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ..........................................122
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................127
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
40
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................51
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................38
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................64
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................64
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................51
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................
41
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................38
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................80
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................58
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................131
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................69
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................62
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................90
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................56
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................84
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........95
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................72
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................77
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................
23
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................20
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................58
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................64
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................123
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................87
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................
41
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................43
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................77
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................104
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................83
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................29
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................51
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................
48
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................32
Romania
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
320
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Russian Federation
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..........................................................................141.9
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) .................................................17,098.2
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ..........................................1,231.9
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................14,912.7
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–7.9
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................69
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,412...................1.1 ....................4.8
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................642...................0.9 ..................–0.7
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................92,583...................6.0 ....................5.7
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,538...................5.1 ....................0.1
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009..............19,420.2
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........9,296.9
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................59 4.2
2009 Index............................................................................................................59 4.1
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................73 4.5
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................126 3.6
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................98 4.2
Safety and security .......................................................................................113 4.0
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................11 6.6
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................102 4.0
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................53 4.1
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................30 4.3
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................95 3.1
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................45 4.6
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................46 3.9
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................75 4.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................45 4.1
Human resources ............................................................................................78 4.8
Education and training.............................................................................59 4.8
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................105 4.7
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................136 3.6
Natural resources ...........................................................................................27 4.4
Cultural resources...........................................................................................35 3.7
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
321
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................126
1.02 Property rights ................................................................128
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................127
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................126
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............125
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................105
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................97
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................
36
1.09 GATS commitments*.......................................................n/a
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................96
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ......................115
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................116
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................119
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................
17
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................82
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................94
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................93
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................128
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................90
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................98
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .............................................................3
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................72
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................62
4.04 Hospital beds* ...................................................................
2
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............122
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................91
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................119
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
22
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......72
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................104
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .................................
5
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................19
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................56
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................59
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
7
6.07 International air transport network ..................................93
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..............................................................125
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................
31
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................93
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................101
7.05 Road density* .................................................................123
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................88
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................
40
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................28
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................71
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................74
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................
37
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................51
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ..........................................
9
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................78
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................
30
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................97
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................51
10.05 Hotel price index*...........................................................105
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*...........................................3
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................76
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................78
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........67
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................90
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................75
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................124
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................106
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................62
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................96
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................111
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................136
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................132
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*...........................4
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................70
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................118
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................
35
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................13
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................94
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................
39
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................31
Russian Federation
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
322
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Rwanda
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................10.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................26.3
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .................................................5.2
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................1,155.3
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................4.1
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................135
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................204...................4.0 ....................5.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................57...................3.1 ....................2.8
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................428...................8.4 ....................5.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................122...................6.6 ....................2.7
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................699.0
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........174.5
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................102 3.5
2009 Index..........................................................................................................n/a n/a
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................75 4.5
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................40 4.7
Environmental sustainability............................................................................8 5.7
Safety and security .........................................................................................39 5.4
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................119 2.4
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................95 4.2
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................120 2.7
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................109 2.3
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................67 3.7
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................139 1.0
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................120 2.0
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................63 4.6
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................110 3.4
Human resources ..........................................................................................100 4.5
Education and training...........................................................................112 3.9
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................74 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................60 4.7
Natural resources ...........................................................................................56 3.4
Cultural resources.........................................................................................134 1.1
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum