Telo M. European Union and New Regionalism. Regional Actors and Global Governance in a Post-Hegemonic Era

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EUROPEAN UNION AND NEW REGIONALISM

The International Political Economy of

New Regionalisms Series

The International Political Economy of New Regionalisms Series presents

innovative analyses of a range of novel regional relations and institutions. Going

beyond established, formal, interstate economic organizations, this essential series

provides informed interdisciplinary and international research and debate about

myriad heterogeneous intermediate level interactions.

Reﬂective of its cosmopolitan and creative orientation, this series is developed

by an international editorial team of established and emerging scholars in both the

South and North. It reinforces ongoing networks of analysts in both academia and

think-tanks as well as international agencies concerned with micro-, meso- and

macro-level regionalisms.

Editorial Board

Timothy M. Shaw, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada

Isidro Morales, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, Mexico

Maria Nzomo, Embassy of Kenya, Zimbabwe

Nicola Phillips, University of Manchester, UK

Johan Saravanamuttu, Science University of Malaysia, Malaysia

Fredrik Söderbaum, Göteborg Universitet, Sweden

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The Limits of Regionalism

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Edited by Félix E. Martín and Pablo Toral

European Union

and New Regionalism

Regional Actors and Global Governance

in a Post-Hegemonic Era

Second Edition

Edited by

MARIO TELÒ

Institute for European Studies, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium

system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Mario Telò has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be

identiﬁed as the editor of this work.

Published by

Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company

Gower House Suite 420

Croft Road 101 Cherry Street

Aldershot Burlington, VT 05401-4405

Hampshire GU11 3HR USA

England

Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

European Union and new regionalism : regional actors and

global governance in a post-hegemonic era. - 2nd ed. - (The

international political economy of new regionalisms)

1. European Union 2. Regionalism - Europe 3. Globalization

4. Europe - Politics and government - 1989-

I. Telo, Mario

320.4'4049

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

European Union and new regionalism : regional actors and global governance in a post-

hegemonic era / edited by Mario Telo. -- 2nd ed.

p. cm. -- (The international political economy of new regionalisms

series)

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-7546-4991-5

1. European Union--Congresses. 2. Regionalism--Congresses. 3. Globablization--

Congresses. I. Telo, Mario.

HC240.E8557 2007

337.1'42--dc22

2007003828

ISBN: 978-0-7546-4991-5

Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall.

Contents

List of Figures and Tables vii

Notes on Contributors ix

Foreword: Regionalism – A New Paradigm? xiii

Preface to the Second Edition and Acknowledgements xvii

List of Abbreviations xix

Introduction Globalization, New Regionalism and the Role

of the European Union 1

Mario Telò

PART I THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

Chapter 1 Regional Blocs, World Order and the New Medievalism 21

Andrew Gamble

Chapter 2 The Political Economy of New Regionalism

and World Governance 37

Pier Carlo Padoan

Chapter 3 Cultural Difference, Regionalization and Globalization 55

Thomas Meyer

Chapter 4 Alternative Models of Regional Cooperation? The Limits

of Regional Institutionalization in East Asia 75

Richard Higgott

Chapter 5 Interregionalism and World Order: The Diverging EU

and US Models 107

Björn Hettne

PART II COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL GROUPINGS

Chapter 6 Between Trade Regionalization and Various Paths

towards Deeper Cooperation 127

Mario Telò

Chapter 7 European Union and NAFTA 153

Alberta M. Sbragia

European Union and New Regionalism

Chapter 8 European Union and MERCOSUR 165

Álvaro Vasconcelos

Chapter 9 African Regionalism and EU-African Interregionalism 185

Fredrik Söderbaum

Chapter 10 Comparison of European and Southeast Asian Integration 203

Kjell A. Eliassen and Catherine Børve Arnesen

PART III EUROPEAN UNION AS A NEW CIVILIAN POWER

IN THE MAKING?

Chapter 11 The European Union and the Challenges of the Near Abroad 225

Mario Telò

Chapter 12 European Union and Eastern Europe 235

Reimund Seidelmann

Chapter 13 The EU and the Mediterranean: Open Regionalism

or Peripheral Dependence? 255

George Howard Joffé

Chapter 14 Europe: Trading Power, American Hunting Dog,

or the World’s Scandinavia? 277

Göran Therborn

PART IV RECONSIDERATIONS

Chapter 15 European Union, Regionalism, New Multilateralism:

Three Scenarios 297

Mario Telò

Appendix List of Regional and Interregional Arrangements 327

Sebastian Santander

Planispheres by Pablo Medina Lockhart 357

Bibliography 361

Index 399

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

Figure 2.1 Club equilibrium 44

Figure 2.2 Costs and beneﬁts of regional integration 46

Figure 2.3 Integration and reputation 47

Figure 2.4 Domestic equilibrium 48

Tables

Table 7.1 Regional cooperation projects undertaken by NAFTA’s

Commission for Environmental Cooperation 160

Table 7.2 Regional cooperation projects undertaken by NAFTA’s

Commission for Labor Cooperation 161

Table 8.1 MERCOSUR main trading partners 168

Table 8.2 Trade ﬂows between EU and MERCOSUR 169

Table 8.3 Trade relations between Brazil and Argentina 173

Table 8.4 Foreign Direct Investment ﬂows to MERCOSUR 177

Table 9.1 Two types of regionalism 187

Table I EU trade with Mediterranean countries 271

Table II Mediterranean country trade with the EU 271

Table III EU Foreign Direct Investment 271

Table IV European Union meda support 272

Table V Financial support under the Usmepi programme 272

Table VI Funding under the European neighbourhood and partnership

instrument 272

Table 14.1 Shares of world exports (of goods and services) l950–l996,

percentages 279

Table 14.2 Europe’s proportion of the world’s population l950–2025,

percentages 279

Table 14.3 Social security transfers and total current public

disbursements l960–2005, percentage of GDP 283

Table 14.4 Standardized open unemployment rates in the EC/EU l964–2005 287

Table 14.5 Kinds of standing in the world 290

Table 14.6 Europe’s positive futures 292

Planispheres

Map 1 Main regional arrangements 357

Map 2 Main interregional arrangements including EU 358

Map 3 Main interregional arrangements including US 359

This book is dedicated to our colleagues and friends in

Asia, Africa and Latin America

Notes on Contributors

Catherine Børve Arnesen is associate professor at the Department of Public

Governance at the Norwegian School of Management BI (NSM- BI) in Oslo and

is the director of the Centre for Media Economics (www.bi.no/sfm). She holds a

Doctorate in Economics from NSM- BI. She has published academic articles and

book chapters related to her research interests, which include regulation, European

telecommunications policy, strategy and comparative studies.

Kjell A. Eliassen is a professor of Public Management at the Department of

Public Governance at the Norwegian School of Management and director of the

Centre for European and Asian Studies. He has published eighteen books and

several articles related to his research interests: EU institutions and decision

making, European affairs, telecommunications and public management. His most

recent books include: European Telecom Liberalisation (1999), a new edition of

Making Policy in the European Union (2001) and European Telecommunications

Privatisations (2007).

Andrew Gamble is Professor of Politics at the University of Cambridge. He is

a Fellow of the British Academy and a co-editor of New Political Economy. His

books include Regionalism and World Order (1996) (co-edited with Tony Payne),

Politics and Fate (2000), and Between Europe and America: The Future of British

Politics (2003). His current research, supported by the Leverhulme Trust, is on

Anglo-America and the problem of world order.

Björn Hettne is Professor at the Department of Peace and Development, Göteborg

University. He is author of a number of books on development theory, international

political economy, European integration and ethnic relations. He is currently

the president of the Academic Council of the GARNET PhD School, EU 6th

Framework Program. He was Program Director of the United Nations University

WIDER project on new regionalism and co-edited the ﬁve volume series Globalism

and the New Regionalism, 1999–2001, Macmillan.

Richard Higgott is Professor of Politics and International Studies and Director

of the ESRC, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation at the

University of Warwick, Coordinator of the Network of Excellence GARNET on

‘Global Governance, Regionalism and Regulation. The Role of the EU’ ( EU 6th

Framework Program, 2004–2010) and editor of the Paciﬁc Review. With Morgan

Ougaard he published Towards a Global Polity (Routledge 2002) and is currently

completing a book called From Colonialism to Global Governance. A Geneology

of Political Development.