?tekauer Pavol, Lieber Rochelle. Handbook of Word-Formation
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H
ANDB
OO
K
O
F
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
ON
Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory
VO
L
U
ME 6
4
M
anaging Editors
Marcel den Dikken
,
City University of New Yor
k
L
iliane Haegeman, University of Lille
J
oan Maling, Brandeis Universit
y
Edito
r
ial
B
oa
r
d
Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice
C
arol Georgopoulos, University of Utah
J
ane Grimshaw
,
R
utgers Universit
y
Michael Kenstowicz
,
M
assachusetts Institute of Technology
H
ilda Koopman, University of California, Los Angeles
A
lec Marantz
,
M
assachusetts Institute of Technolog
y
J
ohn J. McCarthy, University of Massachusetts, Amhers
t
Ian Roberts
,
University of Cambridge
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
H
oward Lasnik
,
University of Maryland
E
dited b
y
PAVOL ŠTEKA
U
E
R
an
d
R
OC
HELLE LIEBER
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, U.S.A.
HANDBOOK
OF WORD-FORMATION
Pre ov University, Pre ov, Slovakia
o
e
A
C.I.P. Catalo
g
ue record for this book is available from the Librar
y
of Con
g
ress.
Published b
y
Sprin
g
er,
P.O. Box 17
,
3300 AA Dordrecht
,
The Netherlands.
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P
rinted on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
©
2005 Springer
N
o part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
i
n any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
o
r otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
o
f any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Print
ed
in th
e
N
e
th
e
rlan
ds.
I
S
BN-1
0
1-4020-3595-0
(
HB
)
I
S
BN-10 1-4020-3596-9
(
e-book
)
I
S
BN-13
9
78-1-4020-3597-5
(
PB
)
I
S
BN-13
9
78-1-4020-3596-8
(
e-book
)
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S
BN-10 1-4020-3597-7
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)
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BN-13
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78-1-4020-3595-1
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HB
)
CONTENTS
PREFA
C
E xvii
CONTRIBUTORS
1
ANDREW CARSTAIRS-MCCARTHY: BASIC TERMINOLOGY
5
1. The notion of the lin
g
uistic si
g
n
5
1.1 E
V
IDEN
C
E F
O
R THE M
O
RPHEME-A
S
-
S
I
G
N P
OS
ITI
O
N IN
S
A
USSU
RE’
SCOU
R
S
7
1.2
E
V
IDEN
C
E F
O
R THE
WO
RD-A
S
-
S
I
G
N P
OS
ITI
O
N IN
S
A
USSU
RE’
SCOU
R
S
8
2. Mor
p
heme and word 1
0
2.1 CASE STUDY: ENGLISH NOUN PLURAL FORMS
(
PART 1
)
11
2.2
C
A
S
E
S
T
U
DY: THE PERFE
C
T PARTI
C
IPLE F
O
RM
SO
F
EN
G
LI
S
H
V
ERB
S
14
2.3 CASE STUDY: ENGLISH NOUN PLURAL FORMS
(
PART 2
)
17
2.4
CO
MPLEMENTARY DI
S
TRIB
U
TI
O
N AND INFLE
C
TI
O
N
V
ER
SUS
DERI
V
ATI
O
N 1
8
3. ‘Morphemes’ since the 1960s
20
E
LLE
N
M. KAI
SS
E:
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
ON
A
N
D PH
ONO
L
OG
Y 25
1
.
Intr
oduc
ti
o
n2
5
v
i
Effects of lexical category, morphological structure, and affix type on
phonology 2
6
2.1 EFFECTS OF LEXICAL CATEGORY AND OF
MORPHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2
6
2.2 COHERING AND NON-COHERING AFFIXES 2
8
3. Morphology limited by the phonological form of the base of affixation 32
4
. Lexical phonolo
gy
and morpholo
gy
and its ills
34
5
. More recent developments of lexical phonology and morphology 38
6.
H
ow do
r
e
lat
ed wo
r
ds
aff
ec
t
e
a
c
h
ot
her? The cycle, transderivational
tt
effects, paradi
g
m uniformit
y
and the like 3
9
7
.
Do
t
h
ec
o
h
e
ri
n
g
affi
x
es f
o
f
f
rm
a
c
o
h
e
r
e
n
t
se
t
?
S
p
l
i
t
b
ases
,
SUBCAT
W
O
R
D
and phonetics in morphology
4
1
8. Conclusion
45
G
RE
G
ORY
S
T
U
MP : WORD-FORMATION AND INFLECTIONAL
MORPHOLO
G
Y 49
1. The conceptual difference between inflection and word-formation 49
2. The inflectional cate
g
ories of En
g
lish
50
3. Practical criteria for distinguishing inflection from word-formation 53
4
. Practical criteria for distinguishing inflectional periphrases
5
9
5.
S
ome similarities between inflection and word-formation
60
6
. Complex interactions between inflection and word-formation
61
7. Inflectional paradi
g
ms and word-formation paradi
g
ms
65
7
.1 PARADI
G
M
S
AND HEAD MARKIN
G
IN INFLE
C
TI
O
N AND
D
ERI
V
ATI
O
N
65
7
.2 PARADI
G
M
S
AND BL
OC
KIN
G
IN INFLE
C
TI
O
N AND
DERI
V
ATI
O
N
67
C
O
NTENT
S
2.
AN
DRE
WS
PE
NC
ER:
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
ON
A
N
D
S
Y
N
TAX 73
1
.
Intr
oduc
ti
o
n 7
3
2. Lexical relatedness and syntax 7
4
2.1 M
O
RPH
O
TA
C
TI
CS
IN
C
LA
S
S
I
C
AL
US S
TR
UC
T
U
RALI
S
M 74
2.2 M
O
RPH
O
L
OG
Y A
SS
YNTAX
74
2.3 LEXI
C
AL INTE
G
RITY
7
8
3. S
y
ntactic phenomena inside words
82
4
. Argument structure realization
83
4
.1 DE
V
ERBAL M
O
RPH
O
L
OG
Y
83
4.
1
.
1 A
c
ti
o
n n
o
minal
s
83
4
.1.2 Nominals denotin
gg
rammatical functions 8
7
4
.1.3 -able ad
j
ectives
88
4
.2 SYNTHETIC COMPO
U
NDS AND NO
U
N INCORPORATION 88
5. Theoretical approaches to word formation 8
9
6. Summar
y
and afterword
93
DIETER KA
S
T
OVS
KY: HA
NS
MAR
C
HA
N
D A
N
D TH
E
MAR
C
HA
N
DEA
NS
9
9
1
.
Intr
oduc
ti
o
n
99
2
.
Han
s
Mar
c
han
d
1
00
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1
00
2.2 SYNCHRONIC APPROACH 1
00
2.3 MOTIVATION 1
01
2.4 M
O
RPH
O
N
O
L
OG
I
C
AL ALTERNATI
O
N
S
102
2.5 THE
CO
N
C
EPT
O
F
S
YNTA
G
MA
102
2.6
G
ENERATI
V
E-TRAN
S
F
O
RMATI
O
NAL INFL
U
EN
C
E
104
2.7 ANALY
S
I
SO
F
CO
MP
OU
ND
S
1
05
2.8 PRE
CU
R
SO
R
O
F LEXI
C
ALI
S
T HYP
O
THE
S
I
S
1
06
3
.
Kla
us
Han
se
n 10
7
3.1
G
ENERAL
107
3.2
WO
RD-F
O
RMEDNE
SS VS
.
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
O
N
107
3.3
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
O
N PATTERN
VS
.
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
O
N TYPE 108
3.4
O
N
O
MA
S
I
O
L
OG
I
C
AL APPR
O
A
C
H
VS
.
S
EMA
S
I
O
L
OG
I
C
AL
A
PPR
O
A
C
H 109
C
O
NTENT
S
v
ii
v
iii
4
.
H
e
r
be
rt Ern
s
t Br
e
kl
e
109
4.1
G
ENERAL
109
4.2 FRAME
WO
RK 11
0
4.3 BREKLE’
S
M
O
DEL 11
0
4.4 PR
O
D
UC
TI
O
N AND INTERPRETATI
O
N
O
F
CO
MP
OU
ND
S
112
5
. Leonhard Lipka
112
5
.1
G
ENERAL
112
5
.2 THE
O
RETI
C
AL DE
V
EL
O
PMENT
113
6
. Dieter Kastovsk
y
11
4
6
.1 GENERAL 114
6
.2 THE
O
RETI
C
AL BA
C
K
G
R
OU
ND
115
6
.3
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
O
N AT THE
C
R
OSS
R
O
AD
SO
F
MORPHOLOGY
,
SYNTAX
,
SEMANTICS
,
PRAGMATICS AND
THE LEXI
CO
N11
6
7
. Gabriele Stein (Lad
y
Quirk) 11
6
8.
C
onclusion
118
T
OM ROEPER: CHOM
S
KY’
S
R
EMARK
S
AND THE
T
RA N
S
FORMATIONALI
S
T HYPOTHE
S
I
S
1
2
5
1. Nominalizations and
C
ore
G
rammar
125
1.1
CO
RE
CO
NTRA
S
T12
6
1.2 TRAN
S
F
O
RMATI
O
N
S
12
7
2. The Sub
j
ect Eni
g
ma 12
8
2.1 PA
SS
I
V
E -ABILITY N
O
MINALIZATI
O
N
S
130
2.2 -IN
G
N
O
MINALIZATI
O
N
S
132
3. Case Assignment 1
33
3.1 COPING WITH EXCEPTIONS 1
33
3.2 THEMATIC-BINDING 1
34
4
. Intriguing Issues: Aspectual Differentiation of Nominalization Affixes 136
5
. Where do Affixes Attach? 1
38
6. Elaborated Phrase
S
tructure and Nominalizations
141
6.1 BARE N
O
MINAL
S
: PREDI
C
TABLE RE
S
TRI
C
TI
O
N
S
14
2
6.2 HI
G
H -IN
G
14
3
6.3 A
CCUS
ATI
V
E AND -IN
G
N
O
MINALIZATI
O
N
S
14
3
C
O
NTENT
S
C
O
NTENT
S
7.
C
onclusion
144
S
ER
G
I
OSC
ALI
S
E A
N
D EMILIA
NO GU
E
V
ARA: THE LEXI
C
ALI
S
T
A
PPROACH TO WORD-FORMATION AND THE NOTION OF
THE LEXICON
147
1
.
A
de
finiti
o
n14
7
2. A Brief History
148
2.1 LEES
(
1960
)
150
3
.
Th
e
L
e
xi
co
n 1
5
1
4.
L
e
xi
c
ali
sm
153
4
.1 HALLE
(
1973
)
153
4
.2 ARONOFF
(
1976
)
15
7
4.2.1The Word-based Hypothesis 15
7
4.2.2
W
ord-Formation Rules 1
58
4.2.3 Productivit
y
15
9
4.2.4 Restrictions on WFRs 15
9
4.2.5 Stratal features 1
6
1
4.2.6 Restrictions on the out
p
ut of WFRs
162
4.2.7
C
onditions
162
4.2.8 Summary on Word-Formation Rules
166
5. Some Ma
j
or Issues 1
66
5.1 STRONG AND WEAK LEXICALISM 1
70
6.
M
o
r
eo
n th
e
N
o
ti
o
n
o
f L
e
xi
co
n
1
7
1
7. Lexicalism Toda
y
1
73
7
.1 INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY 1
74
7.2 SYNTACTIC MORPHOLOGY 1
76
7.3 THE
S
YNTA
C
TI
C
IN
CO
RP
O
RATI
O
N HYP
O
THE
S
I
S
1
7
6
7.4
WO
RD-F
O
RMATI
O
N A
SS
YNTAX
1
7
8
7.5 DI
S
TRIB
U
TED M
O
RPH
O
L
OG
Y
180
8.
C
onclusion 1
8
1
RO
BERT BE
A
RD
A
ND M
A
RK V
O
LPE: LEXEME -M
O
RPHEME
BA
S
E M
O
RPH
O
L
OG
Y
1
8
9
1
.
Intr
oduc
ti
o
n
189
xi