mon endings for infinitives are -ти and -чь. There are no other infinitive endings
possible in Russian.
Past Tense
Formation
The formation of the past tense is very uncomplicated:
First, remove the infinitive ending (-ть) and replace it with the ending -л.
Then, adjust for gender. Russian verbs agree in gender and number with their sub-
jects. Therefore, the full endings will be -л (masculine), -ла (feminine), -ло
(neuter), -ли (plural).
For the plural forms мы, вы, and они, plural verbs are used, even when вы
refers to only one person: Îлия Ûковлевна, где вы родилñсь? (Yuliya
Yakovlevna, where were you born?).
For verbs in -ся, disregard this particle while you form the past tense, and then
return it to the verb in the correct form: -ся after consonants and -сь after vowels
(он ро дñлся, онá родилáсь).
Even the so-called irregular verbs in Russian are formed regularly according
to this rule: дал, хотéл, and бежáл. One exception is the verb есть, which has the
past tense ел, éла, éло, éли.
Special Cases
1. There are a few verbs that end in a consonant plus -ть, such as грызть,
красть, and прочéсть, whose past tense is unpredictable and will therefore be
provided. The past tense of the above verbs is грπз/ла, крáл/а, прочёл/прочлá.
2. Some infinitives in -нуть and -ереть drop this ending completely in the
past tense: достñгнуть, достñг/ла; and умерéть, ÿмер/умерлá. Other common
verbs of this type are исчéзнуть, мёрзнуть, погñбнуть, and привπкнуть.
3. And what if an infinitive does not end in -ть? In that case, the past tense
will be provided for you in the glossary. Some examples of verbs of this type:
идтñ шёл, шла, шло, шли
нестñ нёс, неслá, несл
ó, неслñ
везтñ вёз, везлá, везлó, везлñ
вестñ вёл, велá, велó, велñ
зайтñ зашёл, зашлá, зашлó, зашлñ
90 RUSSIAN: A Self-Teaching Guide