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792
Index
Abalkin, Leonid 334
Abkhazia 512, 515, 702
abortion
illegal 481, 485
legalised 473, 476
re-criminalised 209, 481
re-legalised (1955) 486, 490
Abramov, Fedor 613
Abuladze, Tengiz 623
Academic Union (1905) 550
Academy of Art 581
Academy of Sciences 550, 572
1936 conference 558
Commission for the Study of Natural
Productive Resources (1915) 551
political control over 556–7
reforms 567
research
applied 556
post-Soviet 576
and research institutes (ISKAN) 687,
696
reserved seats in Congress (1989) 327
status under Bolshevik government 554
in Union republics 572
Acmeists 588
Adamov, Arkadii, novelist 627
Adenauer, Konrad, West German
chancellor 286
aestheticism 79
Afanas’ev, Iurii 328
Afghanistan
decision-making on 684, 691–4
Khrushchev’s visit 285, 681
national liberation movement (1920) 638
Soviet invasion of (1979) 54, 311–12, 319
withdrawal of troops (1989) 339–40, 698
Africa 690
Aganbegyan, Abel, economist 404
agit-trains 586
agitation, Bolshevik 585–6
see also propaganda
Agrarian Party of Russia 366, 372, 438
agriculture
backwardness of 177, 308, 420
corn (maize) 278
importance of private plots 424–5, 429, 436,
478
inflated statistics on 683
innovation in communes 414, 421
livestock 423, 477
loss of cultivated land (civil war) 167
and Lysenkoism 558–9, 569
and market privatisations 434
and markets 389
migration from 88, 303, 399, 402, 431
post-Soviet 407, 437
and privatisation of collectives 435, 436–7
productivity
criticism of central planning (1990s) 433
effect of collectivisation 196–7, 422, 424
failure of policies (1962–3) 288
post-war 429, 432
under War Communism 419
prospects for 438–9
reforms
Gorbachev’s 433–4
Khrushchev’s 278–9, 428
tsarist experiments 388–90
relaxation of controls 205
subsidies 300, 302
Virgin Lands campaign (Khrushchev) 275,
279, 296, 402, 429
see also collective farms; collectivisation;
grain
Aitmatov, Chingiz 322
Executioner’s Block 633
Akademgorodok, science city 566
793
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Akhmadulina, Bella 615
Akhmatova, Anna 588, 589, 606, 663,
725
Requiem (poem) 324, 589
Akhromeev, Sergei 693
Aksel’rod, Pavel 711
Aksenov, Vasilii 289, 615, 628
alcohol, state monopoly and ‘moonshine’ 303,
332
alcoholism 83, 85, 310, 404
and anti-alcohol policy (1985) 332,
462
Aleksandr Nevsky (film) 208
Aleksandrinsky Theatre 590
Aleksandrov, A.V., composer 597
Aleksandrov, General Aleksandr, ‘Holy War’
anthem 602
Aleksandrov, Grigorii
Happy-Go-Lucky Fellows (film) 597
Meeting on the Elbe 608
Radiant Path 599
Volga-Volga (film) 599
Alekseev, General Mikhail, Chief of Staff
(1915) 97
and democratisation of army command
120
Alekseeva, Ludmilla 291
Alexandra, Empress 100
Aliev, Heidar, president of Azerbaijan 305
All-Russian Conference of Working Women
(1918) 474
All-Russian Congress of Students (May
1917) 131
All-Russian Muslim Congress 151, 496
All-Russian Peasant Union 87
All-Russian Soviet of Peasant Deputies 416
and Central Committee of the Soviets
(VTsIK) 137
All-Russian Theatrical Society 629
All-Russian Union for the Relief of Sick and
Wounded Soldiers 105
All-Soviet (All-Russian) Institute for Public
Opinion (VTsIOM) 328
All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers
(1934) 594
All-Union Congress of Soviets (1924) 176
Alma Ata (Almaty), Kazakhstan, riots
(1986) 345, 513
Almond, Gabriel 29
The Civic Culture (with Verba) 29
Alov, Aleksandr and Naumov, Vladimir, Pavel
Korchagin 614
Amanullah, King of Afghanistan 638
American Committee for the Defense of
Leon Trotsky 17
American Relief Association (ARA) 11, 172, 391
Amin, Hafizullah, Afghan Khalq faction 311,
692, 693
Amori, Count (Ippolit Rapgof ) 583
Andreev, Andrei, and membership of
Politburo 249
Andreeva, Nina, letter in Sovetskaia Rossiia 326
Andropov, Iurii 314, 685
and Afghanistan 692, 693–4
as ambassador to Hungary 678
and KGB 299, 307, 684
promotion of Gorbachev 317, 688
and researchers 688
as successor to Brezhnev 314, 316–17
Angola 308, 698
Annales school, Paris 37
Anpilov, Viktor, Working Russia party 368
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) 307
Anti-Fascist Committee Affair (1952) 668,
671
anti-Semitism 92, 101
and 1952–3 Doctors’ Plot 264, 507–8
in films 608
and ‘pogroms’ 90
under Brezhnev 310
and Western view of Bolshevism 9
see also Jews
Arctic expedition (1938) 724
Arendt, Hannah (1906–75) 23
Argumenty i Fakty, reformist periodical 695
Aristov, Boris, ambassador to Poland 686
armaments see defence industry; nuclear
weapons
Armand, Inessa, Zhenotdel director 474
Armenia 95, 102
ambiguous (democratic) regime 354
and Commonwealth of Independent States
516
Dashnak regime 150, 497
dispute with Azerbaijan 345, 515
independence 349, 355
and Nagorno-Karabakh 515
nationalism in 91, 102, 513
relationship to RSFSR 174
and Transcaucasian Republic (1922) 175
Armenians, refugees from Turkish massacres
(1915) 103
Armstrong, John 31
army, imperial
and abdication of Nicholas II 115
desertions 97, 125
794
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978-0-521-81144-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume III: The Twentieth Century
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execution of officers by Provisional
Government 109
and February uprising 114, 120
and formation of volunteer army 143
and imposition of martial law 97–100
Jewish conscripts 101
and Kerensky’s offensive (1917) 125
loss of influence (1917) 109–10
national units (First World War) 102, 109
officers recruited into Red Army 144
at outbreak of First World War 95, 96
role of parastatals in military supply
administration 106
shortage of rifles 96
Volynskii regiment 114
women’s ‘death battalions’ (1917) 122
see also Red Army
art
avant-garde exhibition (1962) 289, 682
modern 79, 586–7
socialist realism in 207
art schools 581
artisan culture, revival of 206
artists 581, 582
and Bolshevik policies 584
defections 620
and purges 598–9, 600
and socialist realism 595
trade unions for 594, 596, 600
Asanova, Dinara 625
Asia, financial crisis (1998) 373
Askoldov, Aleksandr, The Commissar 630
Astaf’ev, Viktor, Sad Detective 633
Astrakhan, Dmitrii, Everything will be OK
632
Austria 285, 676
Nazi control over (1938) 724
Austria-Hungary
capitulation and fall of monarchy (1918) 111,
495
First World War 95, 97
Western Ukraine and 529, 530
Austrian State Treaty (1955) 285
autocracy
legacy of 153
political ideology of 70–2
and political liberties 711
Western view of 8
autonomous regions 343, 498
see also republics
Azerbaijan 95, 103, 305, 510
and Commonwealth of Independent States
516
dispute with Armenia 345, 515
hegemonic electoral authoritarian regime
354
Hummet party 497
Musavat regime 150
and Nagorno-Karabakh 515
relationship to RSFSR 174
and Transcaucasian Republic (1922) 175
Azeri Turks 103
Babaevskii, Semen, Cavalier of the Golden
Star 610
Babel’, Isaak 598
Red Cavalry 587
Bahu
ˇ
sevi
ˇ
c, Franci
ˇ
sak, Belorussian poet 528
Baikal–Amur Railway (BAM) project 305
Bailes, Kendall E. 53
Bakhtin, Mikhail 57
Baklanov, Georgii 622
Baklanov, Oleg 348
Bakst, Leon, artist 616
Baku, Azerbaijan, Armenian refugees in 103
Balabanov, Aleksei, Brother 632
Balanchine, George 615
Balkan Wars (1912–13) 70
Balkar people
allowed to return 282
deportation of 502, 503
Balter, Boris 614
Baltic States 130, 342, 532, 545
and anniversary of Molotov–Ribbentrop
Pact 541, 543, 545
authoritarian regimes 532–3
economies 408, 540, 545
and European Union 518, 547
German nobility 524, 526, 532
German occupation 538
and Hungarian uprising 679
inter-war independence 515, 516, 638
neutrality 533
Popular Fronts 514–15
post-Soviet independence 349, 355
Russian minorities in 506, 547
Soviet annexation and occupation 222, 537,
658
Stalin’s ambitions for 655, 656
see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania
Balts, nationalism among 91
bandits, in rural areas 205
banks
and August 1998 crisis 372, 374
scandal 374
baptism 477
795
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-81144-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume III: The Twentieth Century
Edited by Ronald Grigor Suny
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