Раабе Й. Гидравлические машины и установки
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
r)
c
Kpb_rJrbqarbrM
cepBoMoropoM,
npr.rMerreFrFrbrM
l.
Ae-
pHa3oM
,f46]
p..
pa6oueu
Ko/rece
Anaro,Ha.nlHor?
ryp6uHn
(cvr.
pHc.
11-14).
Iro
cpaBHeHr{ro
c KoFrcrpyKrrr4rMr4
c
nopu-
HeBbrM
cepBoMoropoM
gTa
KoHCTpyKUHfl
OTrHr{aeTcfl
yMeHb-
ITTeHHbIMI{
OCeBbrMrT pa3MepaMI,I
MeXaHI43Ma
rroBo,pora,
rrro
cnoco6crByer
ee
npHMeHeHr4ro
B
AHaroHa/rbHbrx
pa6ouux
KOJICCAX.
fIoAeoA
MacJra
r(
noJrocrflM
cepBoMoropa
pa6ouero
Ko-
JIeca
ocyilIecTB/rflercr
qepe3
MacJronpprennHi.rx.,B
3aBHcrrMo-
cTH
or
KoHcrpyxrueHori
cxeMbr
arperaTa
MacJro[pu-
eMHHK
MOXeT pacnoJrafaTb-
cfl
Ha
BaJry,
o6teAnHflTbcr
c
feHepaTopHbrM
noAur14n-
HHr(oM
nu6o ycTa,rraBJr14-
BaTbcfl
Ha
Bepx,HeM
Topr{e
Banra.
B nocneAHeM
cryqae
MacJroIIpHeMHHK
KOHCTpyK-
THBHo
npeAcTaBJrrrer
co6oli
cHcTeMy
IUTaHf,
COeAHIIeH-
rrbrx
c
nopruHeM
CepBOMO-
Puc.
ll-21.
Mexanugpr
nepeAaqr{
o6paruofi
cBfl3r4
npr{
BbrHoce
cepBoMoropa
us
BryJrKrr
pa6oue_
ro
Korreca.
Topa
pa6o,qero
KOJreca
I4 CO-
.l
-
Konb{o;
2'-
KaMeHb;
3
-,prruar.
BepIXarcUlHX
Bpa1uafeJlb-
HaA
poropoM
reHepaTopa,
rlM€eTCfl
onacHocTb
noilaLaH4n
MacJra
Ha
o6naorxu
feHeparopa
npr4
noBpex(AeHHr.r
]\,racJrfl-
LrLr'ta
.nnrr6n-nn
D.n rn h
LLuL 1\
r
l/ J
v\_rrrP\,r.cr\/AU.E
.
o6p
a,Hafl,
cBflsb
or
cepBoMoropa
pa,6overo
KoJreca
K pe-
fyJrflTopy
ocyulecrBJrflercfl
rrocpeAcrBioM
COeAHHeHnOli
c
ilo'pruHeM
cepBoMoTopa
rrrraHfH
(puc.
l1-20)
nn6o,
,c
ro-
MOIIIbIO
Tflr,
BbIBCAeHHbIX
l{epe3
AHI4IIIe
cepBoMoTopa
(puc.
I 1-
19)
. Ts,rH
.
nepeMerqaror
Ko_/rbrlo,
ni
nepu$epnriHofi
KpoMKe KO'TOpO|O
r4MeeTcrr
rr23.
rB
IIas
KOJrbrIa
-ncianniror-
cfl
KaMHr4
OxBarbrBarculert
Ba[r
Bvr'[rKLr,
K,oTop
afl.
fipv
ilapan-
JleJrbHbrx
cMerr{eHHflx
r(oJlbua
B
Ha[paBJIeHI,IH
OCH,
afperara
coBepilraer KarlareJrbHble
ABr{x(eHI4r
orHocr{TeJlbHo
luapHpr-
pa,
TeM
caMbrM
ilpeBpart(afl
Bo3BpaTHO-rrOCTynaTeJrbHoe
rre_
peMeuleHHe
rroprrrHf pa6ouero
KoJreca
B KarrareJrbHoe
ABpr-
xeHr4e
Baila
o6parirofi
}BF.,\H, [epeAaBaeMoe
Ha peryJrflr,op
(puc.
ll-21).
178
.rf
PACLIET
HA
NPOLIHOCTb
PAEOI.IhX
KOIIEC
PEAKThBHbIX
TYPEhH
Pa6o.ree
Ko/reco
p
alnaJrbHo-ocesort
rr.rAporyp6unu
npeA-
craBJrfler
co6ofi
Ae,raJrb
BecbMa
c.roxHoft',6o[,i*rr,
u
"i"."
C
IICM
TOIIHOC
PEIUCHI,IC
3AAAIIH
O HAIIPfl}KCHHOM
COCTOflHI{II
KOJICCA
B
HACTOflIIICC
BPCMfl
[OflYqPITb
HCB.O3MOX{HO.
,Huxe
H3JIaraercr
MeroA pacqera
Ha
n,por{Hocrb
pa6o-
qefo
Ko/reca
pa[HarrbHo-oceso?i
ryp6Huu,
ocHoBarrHrira
Ha
cJreAyrorrlHx
ynpoqarculHx
npeAnoJrox<e_
Hlrflx:
'Bepxr{Hrt
rz
Huxnelrl
o6oAbfl
KOJreca
cqHTaroTcff
Harpyx(eHHbrMr.I
OCeCHMMeT-
pHTIHO
H
paBHOMepHo,
Tar(
rrTo
J]OIIaCTH
cquTarcTcfl
KaK
6u
<<pasMa3aHFIbrMH>>
rto
BepxHeMy
H HH)KHeMy
o6o4tnu.
KaxAan
JronacTb_paccMaTpHBaeTCfl
KaK
npflMO_
ocHafl
6anxa,
)KecTKo
gaAeJraFrHar
rto
KoHr{aM.
I-lpru
onpeAeJr
eHuH
fHApaBJrhrre_
^ , i ^^
|
cxotlt
Harpy3Kr4
Ha
Jronacrb
rrocJreAHrrr
Pac.
ll'22.
K
pac-
?Llv(,t,qo,nrrd rr^narvnn -^,.,-^-u-
qeTy
JIOIaCTH
pa'
i:i:r.Ii1r,,
y.tuHosneHHor:r
pa1ua^btro
;:H."'o,[Xt;X
i;.
\yrr\-.
Lr-z/r.).
AI4aJIbHO-OCeSOfi
I-lptu
pacqere
JronacTH
rra
rrafpysr(V
ryp6urrur.
fr
ueHTpo6eN<ubrx
cHJr
JronacTb
ycJroBHo
pa3AeJrfleT'cf
r-ra
qacTu
cenaericreon[
BepTHKaJrbHbrx
nJrocKo_
creli,
n_poxoArrur{x
qepe3
ocb
ryp6r.rHtr.^
o'6oA.
Kaxaurl o6on
cq'raercfl
HarpyN(eHHbrM
ueHr-
por6exuunaa
cuJrawn
caMoro
o,6o4a
14,
"rronacrefi;
nlpirrut
o6o4,
r{poMe
roro,
cqlrraeTca
I-rarpyxeHr{brM
oceBbrM
rprA-
paBJraqecKHM
yCHJrr4eM.
P
urranauoi.t
cocraB/rflrorqerl
fkrr,-
paBflaqecKofo
yct4rr:/,fl
Ha
Jronacrb
npr.r pacqere
npeHe6pera-
eM,
[ocKoJrbKy
oHa
ypaBFroBerrrHBaercfl
rlenrpo6e>xHnlurH
cvlrtaMa|
KpoMe
Toro'
AJrrI
rIoBbIIrIeHHfl
HaAex{Hocrl{
B
pac-
:er
pa6ouer,o
Ko/reca
3aKJraAbrBaroTcfl
Befir4qI4Hbr
ueHTpo-
6exnrrx
cHJr npa
pa3foHe.
I{eHr"po,6exHue
cnJrbr
nonacreri
cq,HT'aroTcfl
pacnpeAeJreHHbrMr4
Mex(Ay
BepxHHA{
U
HHX(HHM
ooonbflMH
[pr.rMepHo
ropoBHy.
flpv,
pacrrere
Harrpffx{eunt
oT r{eH'po,6exHbrx
cHJr
norra-
faeM,
qro
r{eHrpo6eNubre
cH.rrbr
crpeMflTCfl
pa30pBaTb
o60a
Hfl
Ase
rracri4
no
MepHAHOHaJrbHofi
n,nocKocrH.
Hanpax<eHHfl
pacrfi)KeHfifl
cr{r4TaeM
paBHOMepHo
pacnpeAeJreHHbrMH
s srofi
IJIOCKOCTH;
BCJIHIII4HA
9THX
HAIIPfl>KCHUft
TIPH
PA3IOHC
PAC.
ctIHTbrB
a
eTcfl
no
Sop
vry,rre
,
(11-15)
t79
{
I
I
I
I
.i
I
l2*
f
t,.
r.o6fl
o6
*
oz
rr
a.
r. nonf/l
non
op-tt
9--Ji.$.tu,.,
fAe
/'4.r.o6
-
paAHyC
UeHTpa
TffX(eCTI{ nOJIOBLIHbI
O'6O,nai
fq.r.non-
paAHyC
IIeHTpa
TflN(eCTH
nOna;CtHi
Zt-
qHCflO y1O-
nacrerl;
o
-
roe$QnuneHr,
rrpnHr4Maeutrfi
paBHbrM
0,5
AJrff
pa6ounx
Ko/rec
c
Hr4x(HHM
o6o4oM
H I
.u,ns
pa6ounx
KoJrec
6ee HH)KHero o6oAa
i
ffLo6
-
Macca o6oAa
i
ffLron
-
Macca
JronacTH
i
Aoa
-
nJrorqaAb
Me-
pr.rAr{oHaJrbHofo
o6o.ua.
Ha
cneAyrouleM erarre
pac-
rreTa
onpeAeJrfeM
pacTflrnBa-
rcuile Harrprrx(eHr4r B
o6oAe,
Bo3Frnr(arcruHe or HsrH6a o6o-
4,a
rtoA
Aeficrsueivl
oceBoro
y
ckrJrur,
r{
rleHTpo6exuorl cLIJrbI
nonacrefi.
flpu
pacrrere
o6oa
noflara-
eM HarpylKeHHbrM
usru6aro-
IrIHM MOMeHTOM, BeKrOp
KOTOpO|O JIeX(HT Ha
paAHaJIbHOll
ocu
MepuAnoHaJrbrroro
ceqeHufl,
npoxoLqueli
qepe3
ero
ueHTp
rfl)Kecru. Hanpn)KeHr4fl
ugrn1a Ha
paccroflHHl4
e or
ocu
ceqeuun
(puc.
11-23)
6ytyr
paBHbI:
ceqeHHg
Prac. ll-23.
K
pactrery
Harpy-
aoK,
4eficrayroulnx
Ira
eepxuur?
o6oA
pa6ouero
KoJreca.
ou::
(azrmnonfq.r.ron'"lu.r-
F
"t"l
*,
rLe /
-
MoMeHT
14Hepr.li.rr4
ceqeHI4f
.4oo
orHocHTe,rlbHo
a/rbHor?
ocn,
npoxoArureri
qepe3
IIeHrp rfl)Kecrni
F"
BOe
ycr4Jlne.
HanpaxeHr4fl cpesa
s
Hara6oJlee roHxoli
qacrn
BepxHero
o,6oAa
c ro.nu{ranofi
h
Mox{Ho
onpeAeJlnrb no cJIeAyIouII{M
Sopnny.nau.
HanpnxeHrrfl
cpe3a
B oceBoM
Haltp aBJreHuH
or
rI4ApaB-
fi
I,IqECKOIO
OCCBO|O
VCHJIHfl
(n-t7)
B oKpy)KHoM
HanpaB/IeHHH
or MoMeHTa Ha
pa6ouevr
KoJIece
(11_lg)
P
aRu-
-
oce-
3
Fo.
vo-
4
@,
(r
r-18)
180
PawtaJrbHbre
Hanpflx(eHHfl
B BepxHeM o6oAe o,
onpeAe'
/rflroTcfl rro
MeToAHKaM,
IXHpOI(O npHMeHtIeMbIM
npH
pacrlere
AHCKOB
napoBbrx
TYp,6uH
t.
'flpuneaeHHbre
Hanpr)KeHHfl
B ToIIKe,
Han6onee
yAaJIeH-
noft
or
ocn ceqeHHfl
Bepxllero o6o4a,
6yayr
paBHbI:
oup
:
l/
":*
o'u,- 6r6ur
+
3
(.:
+.?,),
I',r(0
r0sr-rop
*
Ou.
.II o
n a
crn.
flpra
pacllere JIoracreft nocneAHlle
)rcJIoBiIo
BaMeHflrorcr
paAHaJIbHbIMI4
pe6paun
roft
)Ke
roJIuIHHbI.
Lericrnyrcuee
Ha
Jloracrb
rnAPa,B/IHqecKoe
ycHJIHe
Frur'
crrnTaor{
npH/Io)KeHHbIM
!
Ire_HTpe
rflx(ecrn Jlonacrr,
Ha
paAnyce
rq.r.non ('puc.
ll-22).
Hanpnx(eHufl
ueru'6a or
rnAPaB/IHr{ecKoro
ycwllvn
B
Mecre
conpfxeHHfl
JIonacTH
c
BepxHHM o6oaovr
onpeAeJlnForcfl
no
Qoptuy"ne
dlTF
rsyp
uz
ruAp
-
-lV
'
"u
(1
r-le)
0l-zo;
(1
1-21)
Koe$$nIrHeHr
or
y
.nonactet?,
ceqeHrle
Koropblx npe.x,-
_-1^
cTaBJlfleT
couol4
l'nl\pul].vlHaMl,1lleuKnn
ilpuqrfl,/rb, MUd{'HU tLPn'
Ilrrrb npn6,nnsHTeJlbHo
paBIrbIM
r/t2,
y
Jlonacrelt, ilrraMno-
BaHHbrx H3
JIHCTOBOTO
npoKara
V
HMeIoITIHX
nOCTOflHHylo
roJrurnlry Ha
6onruefi
qacrn
npocpunn,
xoe$QuqueHr
'a,r
npHHnMaercfl
6nusKHM
K
Llu
MarcunnaJrbHoe
gHaqeHue
Frurp
HMeer
Mecro
npu
pag-
roHe ryp6raHrr
u Mox(er
6ltrr onpeAeJleHo
B
sroM
cJIfIae
KAK
FrnRp:#;
(ll-22)
t
Keller
C. Beitrag
zut a.nalytischen
iBerechnung
hochCruckbelas-
teter
f,ardseheiben.
S,todola
Festsohnift,
Zu'r'ich,
1t9t29,
34V,
S.
Honeg-
ger
E. Fesrtigkeitsrberechnun,g
von
retierenden, konisch,om
Scheiben.-
<2.
angew.
Math.
Mech.>>, 7t('Ig2'7),
1,20
,S.
tBl
3necl
xoe$SuuneHr o
rIpHHIzMaercfl
paBHbIM
0,5 vrJtLr
I
cooTBercrBeHHo
npH HaJIHqHH
HJlu orcyrcrBun
Ha
pa6ouevt
Korrece
HHx(Hero
o6oAa. flneqo
In (.t*.
pl4c.
ll-'22) npHHI{-
Maercfi
paBHbIM
paccroflHl{ro
ToqKH
npHJIox(eHI,tfl
HaI-py3K}I
Fruup
Ha MepuArroHaabHoft
npoeKul{H
K JIoIIacTLI
or cooTBer-
crByrouero
o'6oAa.
Monteur co[porI4BJIeHHff
cel{eHnfl
JIona-
cTr{
npH
MaKcHMalrHofi
TOJIUIHHe npo$una
hnopt
14
AJIHHe
sa4erxn
(n
MeplrAnouantnofi
npoexqan) L
aflpeAeJlflercfl
rlo
ypaBHeHuIo
V
u
==
orLh?*on,
SAecb
ff
-
HoMHr{aJrbHafl
MorqHocrb
Typ6HHbr;
1(0:
l,b
_+_
l:8
npa
^
flq:
l0'0-23i
fq.n
-
paAr{yc
ro'.rKH
npprJrox{eHHfi
y'crlrlrfl
F""up.
-
'llocxoJrbKy
noc/reArrflrr
BeJrHr{HHa
Mo>Ker
6urr
onpeAe-
JreHa
To,/rbKo
3r{c[epHMeHTa/rbno,
npu6JrHX(eHI{O
MOX(HO
CqU_
TaTb
f\.r':rfi1.r.ron.
To'rruIaHa
KoplleBofo
cer{eH14
tI ronacrll
l'Lxopn
MON{eT
6rrrn
onpeAeJreHa
H3
Qaxrzuecxofr
MaKcH_
nrarluofi
ToJrrrIHHbI
frn
oo".*"n.,
BaMepgeuofi
"oprrno"o
I(
noBepxHocTH
JrorracTH,
no ypaBHeHHro
h
_
hlf@.
'"roprr-tt2@t
(n-23)
sAecb
iQ
-yfor,
o6pasyeurrr?
ocbro
Mepr4Ar.oHaJrbHoro
ceqe-
Hufl
'rlonacrl4
vI pa/(zycoM'
npoBeAenHnu
Hs
oc'
,yp6r"o,
B
AaHHyIo
ror{Ky;
'F'
:
yroJr
Me)KAy
ocbro
fopr4soHTa/rbHoro
ceqeHr4
fl
JroracrH
(nnocxocrbro,
neplrer-rAai<ynapuol:r
ocH
ryp'6zntr)
H
oKpyx{}rbrM
r{anpaBJreHueM
B
AaHuofr roqxe.
llpzne4eHHoe
Bbrrrre
coorHorxer{He
Mox{eT
6nrr
nonyu.-
HO
cJreAyroilIr4M
O6pasona:
H3
AaUi.rofi TorrKr4
nonuar"".Boc_
CTAHABJIHBACM
N'PICIALIKY/IflP
K
TIOBCPXHOCTH
JIOIIACTI{
(nexrop
n
Ha pac.
ll-24)
n
:
i-tg
0j
+
tg
Otg
B,k
H
NPCACTABJI'ICM,
qTO
hh
tLu
-
cor
C,
nt'
(n-24)
(t
t-25)
Be;luqauy,cos
(k,
n)
onpeAe/rrreM
H3
Bbrpa)Ke
Hufl
nlrfl
co-
craBJrflrou{eri
k
nexropa
n.
Anfl-
onpeAe/reHr4fl
Hanpfl>K
enufi
B
Te/re
JronacT,
or
qe'rpo,6ex{I{bIX
CHJI
c rroMorr{bro
ceuer?crna
}yiep?iAIioi,iaiib-
Hbrx
ceqeuafi
ironacrb
rrpeAcraBJrfleM
pa3AeJreHuoli
Ha
nsn
He3aBrIcI.Mbrx
Apyr
or
,4py'ra
'6anouex,
T'JT'IHH
u ni-"ndili
pblx
paBHa
To/rqaHe
MepHAHoHa/rbHoro
ceqeHr{fl.
AHa,rlorruno
h"
(pnc.
ll-2'4)
h*=rffi
-hcos0
SneueurapHbre
,6anwtt
nonBeprarorcfl
usru6y
no,n
aeri-
crBHeM
Harpy3Kr.r
or
ueHrpo6e'(Hbrx
cHJr.
B
.J"rr-?
reM,
I{TO
MCPHA?IOHAJIbHbIE
CCIICHHfl
trIOfiACTLI,
A
C/ICAOBATC/IbHO,
H ,JreMeHTapHbre
'6anoqxn,
H&
KOrOpbre
Mbr ycfioBHO
pasAe-
t#:,,l#il:?
. *'""1
3Til,?:
X
Iil1f"
il??:r?,t
:"
*
L
i*
I82
fioqgneHne
TaK)ke
n
npoAontHlrx
Hanprr)Keuurlr
B
JroIiaCTH.
B
cBr3r''
c TeM,
qro
x(ecrKocrb
o6oAa
i"uurreJrbHo
6onlrue
)I(ecrKocrpl
JIonacrH,
rroc"[eAIrIorc
6yaerrr
crlHTarb
x(ecrKo
saAe,'raHHorl
B
o'6oA.
HanpnxeHr.rfl
or
qeurpo6e)KHbrx
cH.ir
B
CepeAHHe
3 aLeJrKLr
Jronacr4
B
o6op,,
MofyT
'6Urn
npu6nu-
)r{eHHo
onpeAeJr
eHr-,r
no
Sopuy,rre
a'
u
:6opuoo
#*.*
r,\.,"
L"L"
(
/ \,
0
l-27)
tP'
"\a*6Pn/
rAe
Aacp
-
cpeArrflfl'
rrJvtpHr{a
eJreMeHTapnorl
6anoqxn
B
or{-
pyx{HoM
Harlp
a'BJIeHHH;
rAilnoor,
-
xtr4puHa
r{opHeBo,lro
ceqe-
Hkrn
SJIeMeHTa
JI'OIIacrr'I'i
hHopu
-
To/IuIHHa
gJreMeHTapuoft
6a,noqxn
B
MecTe
ee
3aAeJrxl.l
s o,6ol;
rir.r
-
paApryc
qelrTpa
tg
pttgo
Puc'
I
l-24,
onpeAeJlellue
To.rIt(HIIbI
Jronacr,
paA,aJrbHo-oceBoro
Ko.fleca.
a-gJreMeHr
ronacrx
_"^gl_c-T_gyu,-KoopAH,Har
1,.
J,
k;
6_x
onpeAereHinro
ronulrrH
hu
u
h,
J,onacrH
no r'oJIuIHHe
h,
uopuanr"oit
rl
-n'ep'xuen
noBepxHocrn.noni"rll;
8
-
K
OnpeAenennro
roJrrrrr.rHu
h*
s oceBoM
ceqeHHH;
p
-
roqra
,u
pr60,,"n-
nor_
BEPXHOCTH
JIOIACTH;
P,U
_
TOIIKA
I.IA
TbIJIbHOft
NONCPXNOCTH
'rtOttACTI.I
HA
OCU E
(oxpyrr,Hoe
nanpar,reHne);
p
r,
-
roqKa
Ha
rbrJrbHofi
nonepxHocru
JronacrH
Ha
ocu
J.
6)
183
ff,>ttectr{ efieMeHrapHoft danoqru
i
L"-
nneqo
iianrro,ue*cr-
nyrorqerl
qenrpo'6eN(Hbrx
cHJr o/reMeHTa;
L,
-
ilJrkrta
H3rr4-
6arcu{erocs
gJreMeHTa,
3aAeJrai{Horo
n nepxulzli
h ul,rxHttrl
O6OL;
,pnou-nJIOTHOCTb
MaTepHaJIa, U3
KOTOpOTO
HS|OTaB-
JII{BaercR'
nonacrn; o,
-
Koacp$r,rqnenr,
ttpr,rHnMaeutrfi
paB-
HbIM 0,5 unn
I
coorsercrBeHHo
B
3aBHcaMocru oT Harurrufl
wIIn
orcyTcrBufl
y
KoJreca
HH>KHero
o,6oAa.
Pesynru4pyroqee
Harrpflx(eHue
or rr4ApaBflr4rrecKoro ycu-
nvrfr
kr
uerrrpo'6elKFrbrx
crrJr B
saAe,rrKe
Jronacrn
npn HopMaJrb-
uoft
excn"{yararrr.r
ta
ryp6uulr 6y4er:
6yr:'6t
u
-
CurIrAp.
'fIplr
groM
o'u
noLcLrHTbIBaeTcfl
npH HoMI{Ha.nnuoft
qac'
Tore
Bpar(eHufl
ryp6nnu
ro;
oz
ruAp
-
rrpu
oKpy)KHoM
ycra-
nwr4,
coorBerc'T,ByroilIeM
uoMHHa/rnnort
Hafpy3Ke
((:
1,0)
.
Onzcausuli
Bbrrxe npn
orrpeAe/reH?rr{ Harrpfl}Keuuf.r
o,T
rIeHT-
po,6exurrx
cLrJr rrpiieM
ycJroBHoro
pasAeJreHr4r
JrorracTH
Ha
g/Ier\{eHTbr
ceMertcreoNr
Mepr4AHorraJrbHbrx
ce.{eHzr)r MoxHo
HcrroJlbsoBarb
raKx(e kr
npr4
onpeAeireHr4u
Harrpfl)Keuafi
or
fvApaBJIHqecKoro
AaBJreHI4fl
Ha
JIOIIaCTH,
eCJII4
I43BeCTHO
pacIIpeAe/IeHHe
sTofo
AaBJTeHI{f
.
flolo6suft MeroA
c Hcno/rbsoBaHHeM rpa$z.recKr{x
no-
crpoeunfi,
B
KoropoM
Tar()Ke rrpuHflTa
)KecrKafl
3aAeJrria
rronacrefi
n o'6o'Abr, npr4BeAeH M.
Hex.rre6oft
l[236]
B ero
Mo-
Horp a$uu,
rocBaxleuHofi
KoHcrpy?rpoBaHnn
H
pacrrery
rr4A-
paBJIHqecKr4x
ryp6an.
FI.
,H.
Koeafies
,g
ceoeri MoHorp
aSuv,
[79]
ondcHsaer
MeroA A.
fl.
ApoucoHa,
ocHoBaHnnrri Ha
ToM,
qTO
JrorracTb
paccqHTbrBaeTcfl
KaK
npocTpaFrcTBeHHo
.,1,. ^-^
nsur
fiy
rDln ulsP/ntrflD.
IIpe4noxeHuufi MeroA
Aaer
reopernqecKne
pe3yJrbrarbr,
Aocraror{Ho
6nnexo coBnaAalou{He
c
gKcnepuMeHTaJrbHbrMr4
AaHHbrMH.
Vqer
Bcex
Bi4AoB HanprlKeuuft
B
TeJre
Jronacrr.{
ocyue-
crBJlrercfl
c
lroMoulblo IIpHBeAeHHbIx Ha[pfl)Keurafi,
Koropbie
Mofyr,6um
onpeAeJleHbr
Hs
ypaBHeHI4r
"uF
-
1/
l(ou,
-
or)'*(ou,
-
o*
ur)'l*
(o*
u,
-
our)'
*
+
6 (":
1<i)1,
(r 1-2e)
fAO O*zr: Op
*'0u.
'fIpu
ilpoeKTr4poBar{HH
pasbeMHblx
KoJIec
cJre,qyer
yrin-
TbIBa'Tb,
rITO
snaHqenoe
coeApIHeHHe
KoJIeca
Mo)Ker
[poxo-
Ar4Tb
rrepes
reJro
rolracrn. flpu 3ToM
crbrKoBoe coeAr.r]reH]re
184
qacrH
o,6oAa
Snauqenoe
coeAullellne
nJloxo
BocnpHHHMaer
Bo3HHKaIoUIHe
B
pe3yJlbTaTe
wsru,6a
o'6oAa
BbIcoKI4e
pacTn-
THBAIOUIHe
yCI4JrVrfl.
(
il
-28)
Puc.
ll-25.
Cxeua
cLtJl,
AetlctnyrculHx
Ha Jlonacrb
noBoporHo"IonacrHoll
ryp6r.rnn.
KopHeBoe
ceqeHHe
rrepa
JronacTpl.
Macca
Jro-
nacTra
noBopoTFIoJIonacTHoft
ryp6PIrlbI
B
KHJIorpaMMaX
lvlo-
)Ker
6rtrn npu6nu>xeHHo
orlpeAeJieHa
rIo
$oplty"ne
lztrnon:i(2,8
.
'9,2)
Dl
.
Paguyc
qeHTpa
rflx(ecru
JIonacTH B Merpax
rq.r..nor:
(0,36
-:
0,34)
D1,
(
l l-30)
(1r-31)
flepnoe
3HarIeHI4e
xoes$uuueHra
B
cxo6xax
B
BbI-
rrrenpHBeAeHHbIX
ypaBHeHHttx
coOTBeTcTByeT
pa6Ourau
KO-
JrecaM
c
TpeMf,
BTOpOe-C
BOCeMbIO
JIOnaCTflMlI.
KoeQQnt{HeHT
AJIfl
npoMe)KyroqFloro
r{I4cfla
Jlonacrelt
Onpe-
AeJrrrercrr
HHrepnoJIflIIHefi.
iflplr
pa6ore
ryp6HHbI
Ha
KopHe-
Boe
cerreHue
Jronacrlr
A€ficrnyrc1
cJIeAyIoqI4e
HarpySKH
(prc. 1l-25)
:
I
)
paAHaJIbHoe
pacrflrI4Balouee'
ycr4Jrue
or
IIeHrpo6ex{-
Hort
cHJIbI
nep
a
ilonacrr
I
2
C:
fltnorrfq.l.son0)zi
(ll-32)
2)
nsil4,farcilIufl
MoMeFIT
B BepTuNallHotl
IIJIocKocTH OT
qenrpo6e)KHblx
cIzJI
M'u:
-
l,C.
(11-33)
l]eHrp
rtr)Kecru
nepa
JlonacrH o6ttqlto
pacnoJlaralor
HH-
rxe
HefirpanrHorl
ocn ceqetr4fl.,
raK
r{To
MoMeHT
ueHTpo6e>K-
r-rbrx cHJI
ypaBHoBeIIII.tBaeTcfl
MoMertToM
paBlloAelicrnyrOqeft
rHApaBrl4qecl{ofo
AaBJIeHI4tI
Ha
/IQraQrb;
1g5
4r
utrp
*M
li
Fr"on
:
?
T\tH
fAe
Zt
-
qHc.IIo
"uOnacrer?;
Dt
dsr
-
BTyJroqHoe
orHorrleHlre
penunli
K.
n.
A.
KoJreca.
,,0,:
q
o?
(1
-71,)v'ru,
(11-34)
3)
paBHoAeftcrayrculan
cun rlrApaBJrurqecKoro
AaBJreHrrfl
Kn nposHnn
B
CpeAHeM
rLlAPaBfiilqecKoM
ui{Jlht{A'pilqecl(oM
cer{eHHH
Jrorracr6
(D"plDr=0,8). Be.rizqnHa
lu.* ecrb
pac-
crofHHe
'I{eHTpa
Ts}KecTH
JIOnaCTH OT
OCH
ee
IIOBOpOTa;
6)
xpyrnutrarl
MoMeHr
B
KopHeBoM cer{eHul4
oT
rI4ApaB'
.nnqeCxOli
Harpy3Kl4
Ha
JIOnacrb.
Benll.tI'IHy
STOrO
MoMeHTa
MolKHo
onpeAeJrr4rb
rorrHo
[179]
roJIbKo
sKcnepHMeFITaJIbllo,
3aMepHB
pacnpeAeJIeFIple
AannerlHil
IIa
JIonacrn.
flpu6nu'
)KeHHylo
oIIeFIKy
sTOfO
MOMeFITa
MOX(HO
npOH3BeCTH
IIO
Be-
JrHr{r,rHe
nepecraHoBoqHblx
y'cnJrr4tl tla
pblqare
,ronacrH.
EcnH
npeAnolo)KHTb,
qTo
Ha
IIpeoAo/leHI4e
MoMeHTa
oT
rpl'AP aBJIr4-
qecKHX
cHlI
TpATHTCfl
IIOJIOBHHA
yCHJII4[
CepBOMOTOpa,
MOX(-
Ho npu6JII,rlKeHHo
ilofiylluTb:
M"
Kp--
ft,#Wni
tt
-vi,),
J
fo
'l
rr
'A/lrt
I
lvl
7tr:
I
I
u
r
B
-
Ar4aMerp
pa6ouero
Ko,[eca;
pa6ouero
Ko/reca;
\t
-
Btryr-
Benzqaua
Haropa
l/
,6epercn
Arrfl
cJryrrafl
c6poca
Ha-
I*PY3KH
C
YIIETOM
NOBbIIIICHI4fl
AABJIEHHfl.
IIPU
IIOAXOAE
HA-
rlpaBJIfIOUero
annapara
K
rroJrox{eHl4ro
no/rHorro
3aKpbrrt4fl
lgApaBJrHqecKoe
ycH'JrHe
Ha
JroIIacrb
pa,6ouero
KoJreca
Frz,qp
MeHrer
cBoe
HalpaB/reHpre.
Kax
noKa3brBaroT
gKCI]e-
OT
TUAPABTHIICCKHX
CI4JI,
4CirCrNYrcUI4X
HA
JIONACTb,
(r
-
r"r) dFraAp t
=+ryTHDl -+)J'
(tr-Bb)
MOUCHT
M"U
MCHflCT
CBOTI
3HAK
OAHOBPCMCHHO
C H3MC.
HeI{IneM I{2nn2RnpLTI/cI tr----- l\Aor..nrrtrtro nLrrnd, n^ ^ ^/Ill
sueLv'I"'
^
.
r.'!rAP.
a
r
rclr\\.fl
LyLCrattnrao.
jT
Dvt)lyl.lnnd
lYI
u
c
orpr4r{are/rbHbrM
sHaKoM
'paBHa
npr4MepHo
0,5M,,u
co
SHAKOM
N/IrcC;
5)
xpyrnuluft
MoMeHr
B KopHeB,oM
cerreH?ru
(orHocn-
TeJrbHo
ocH rroBopo,ra
.rronacrz
)
or
Aeftcrnufl
rreHTpo6exuux
cHJr
Jronacrr4
B
cropoHy
3aKpbrrHfl
onpeAeJrflercf
no
ypaB-
HCHHIO
M'xp =
0,507.
10-
smoonorD',
(q\?*enlzr),
\
X
D"rlD,
(1
+
V"r)
sin
2p.p
+
+
urrl2
.,mooo
sin
2p.n.
(l
l
-g6)
'flepnuri
rureH
grofo
ypaBHeHHfl
rroAcrr,,TbrBaercff
Aocra-
TOTTHO
ror{Ho
r.Jrfl
nonacrerlr
o6trquorl
Qopnalr
l[292]. 3Aect
BeJIHqnHbr
(Llt)"p,
D"plD,
tr
l3"p
osHaqaror
coorBercrBerrrro
rycrory peuerKH,
orHQcHrealHutfi
AHaMerp
H
y,foJr ycrarroB-
180
(r l-37)
rll
zt-
qHcJIo
JIonacrefi
kr:0,07
-:0,12
Trpra
21:3
-:-
B;
7\
ugru6arclllifi
MoMet-Ir
or
rnAPasflLtqecxoft
IIarpy3KII
B npoAoJIbHoM
ceqeHlzfi
TeJIa JIonacrH.
Flecvrorpfl
Ha ro,
tITo
orn
ceqeHHfl
pacIIoJIaraloTcr nep-
neHAr{KyJIflpHo
K KopHeBoMy
cer{eHalo,
4etictnyiourue
B
9TI4x
CCIICHHflX
HANPfl>KCHHfl
CKA3bIBANTCfl
HA BCJII4qHHC
IIPHBC-
Aer-rlroro
HarIpfl)KeHLIf
.
MoiueHr
3aBHclIT
oT rIoJIolKeHI,Ifl
pac-
cMarpuBaeMoro
npoAoJlbFloro
ceqel'tufl.
I.ns
roqKn, JIe)Ka-
rr1efi
B
cepeAI4He
AJIHttHoti.
cropottr,t
KopHeBoro
ceqeHHfl
JIo-
nacrr4,
npu6.nnxeltuo
I4MeeM :
M"
u oHp
=
-+
M"
^pi
R\ n^nanarruqcr owtrq nr' rrpc2 rrnrrAC'r'ri Re.nzquHn ernti
vl
rlvrlvHv
lllq/l vrrurq vr
CII,TITI
oIIpeAeJIfleTcfl
rlepe3
i']'t'non
H3
ypaBHeHHfl
(11-30)
G
:
(sin
Br
HIIH
cos
Fr)
{mno"
B
3aBI4CHMOCTI4
OT,IOp?I3OllTaJIbFIOfO
LIJTH
BepTHKaJIbHOI"O
pacnoJIolKeHHfl BAJTA.
Pacqer
Hanprxenvtft
cJleAyer
II'poBoAlIrb
Bo Bcex
roq-
Kax
rrepuMerpa
KopHeBo.ro
cerleHufl
Jlonacrl4. PaccnaorpuM,
KaKHe
Hanpfl>KeHuq
HMepT
Mecro
B
ToqKe,
nexaureft
B ce-
peAHHe eepxueft
4nuuHofi
cropoHbl
KopHeBoro
cel{eHlafl.
flocxonlxy
HarlpflN<eHHr
cpeBa
or [oilepeqHblx
ckrll
Frr,r^p
t4t
G
BcJIeAcrBHe
napa6onurlecKoro
pacnpeAeJleHnfl
orr4x
Harpy3oK
BAoJIb
n'poAonluorl
ocu
KopHeBoro
cerleHufl
HMeror
MaKcI4MyM
nOCpeAHHe
V
yMeHbIrIaIOTCfl
AO
HyJIfl
K
KpaflM,
B
cepeAHHe
Bepxuerl 6o,ruueli
cropoFlbl
KopHeBoro
ceqeHnn
6yayr
HMerb
Mecro cneAylourue
Hanpflx{eHuf:
l87
(
l
1-38)
(ll-3e)
...
a)
paAHaJrbFrbre
pacTffrirBaliutvt
e
HanpflMeFrnfi
M'u
H M"
rri
Kopnyc
pa6oqero Korre'ca
noBop otH
o-fi
ofi
A-
c
r n o ft ryp
6
u
H u. Huxe
paccMarpuBaercrr
MeroAHKa
pacrrera
Ha rrpoqHocrb
Kopryca
pa6ouero
KoJIeca rroBopor-
Fro/ronacrsoft
ryp'6unu;
Kopnyc
o6teAuHeH c
IIHJI?IHApoM
cepBoMoT'opa,
pacnoJrolKeFrHbrM
ttoA
rrJlocKocrblo
ocefi
noBo-
pora
ronac'reli.
PHc. ll-26.
Cxenra rrarpyx{eHr.rrr
n
ge$opnra-
rrr.rn
Kopnyca
pa6ouero
r(oJreca.
I-lpn
pacqere
Harpflx{euHfi
or
rreHrpo6ex(Hbrx
chn
Kop-
nyc
'paccMarpuBaeT'cfl
KaK Ko;rbrlo
c
6onluru
conporr4BJre-
HrzeM
wlruly. flpu
pacqere
Hanpfl)Keunrl
or
BHyrpeHHero
AaBJreHHfl
14 MoMeHTa saAeJrKH,B Mecre
coeAnHetvrfl
c
nuaS-
parnaori
HapyiKHatr
rroBepxHocrb
Kopryca
paccMarpfiBaercrr
KaK rrHJIHHApnqecKafl o6onoqxa.
Onpe4e,/'rflrorcfl
:
a)
Hanpfl)Kerkrfl,, usru6a
B ropu3oHTa/rbHoM
ceqeHHH
rln/rnHApnqecxorir o6oroqKr.r
rrJrocKocrbro,
flpoxoAfl ureli
qepe3
ocb Jrorracrn,
iloA
Aericrnueirn
ueurpo6elr(Hbrx
cr.rJr
(perc.
I I t./r\
ll-l'o)
C*r,reo(.t*
vp_-
C
6 (M'u
+
M"
u\
hspk2D6n
+
or A,
(l r-40)
hf;rlerD6n
3Aecb Dqto
-
rnaMerp
SnaHqa
Jrorracrrz,
xoroplrfi
npu6nn-
sHTeJIbHo
Mox(Ho
ltpHHrrb
paBHuvr
0,4
Drlzr,
r["
21-
rrnC,rro
.nona'creft;
kz-orr-rolreHHe
6oniluer?
cropoHbr
Ko'pHeBoro
cer{eHr{fl
JronacrH
K
AHaMerpy
+Jrarjrra.
BenuqnH
a
,kz
Moxer
6urr
paBla
l4[rn
MeHbrxe
eAHHar{bI
B
3aBI4cHMocrH
oT noJro-
)I(eHlrfl
KopHeBofo
ceqeHr4fl
oTHoCr.{TeJrbHO
$naHqa
Jro[acrH.
cueuleHkre
i(opHeBoro
cerreHzfl
oT
qeHTpa
SnaHrra
Jrona-
cTI{
AeJraeTcfl
nn'6o
AJrfl
TO|O,
UtO6lr yBeJIHqeHI{eM
I\{OMeHTa
oT
Ireutpo6exHofi
cu,rtr
nepa JronacrH
KoMrreHcr4poBarb
Mo-
MCHT
OT
II,IAPABJI?IqCCKO|O
YCUJIVIN
N
TCM
YMCHbtxHTb
HA-
rpy3r{H
Ha
onoptr
qancpbr
JrofiacrH,
Irfi,6o
r.r3
KoHcTpyr(Tr4BFrrjX
coo6paxennri
Alrrr
lAo6crea
ycraHoBKH
sasoaraMorl
cHapy-
>KLr
rr%ilfi_HApHqecxoli
unoHKr4,
COeAHHrilOUeft
Jrofla,crb
c
pbr-
YgLoM:_
I(oHCrpyKr{ufl
raKofo
coeAr,rHerprf
rroKa3aHa
rJa
pHc.
I
l-9.
'Be.rlnquHa
h"o
npeAcraBJrfer
co'6ollr
cpeAHroro
ToJrrrIH-
HY KOPHCBO
O
CEqCHI,Ifl
JIONACTH.
ANN
YMCHbIXEHHfl
KOHIICHT.
parIHH
Hanpf)Keuzli
B Mecre
nepexoAa
or
r{opHeBoro
ceqe-
YYfl^I'QlaHIIy
rlonacrl4
npeAycnrarpr4Baercfl
ianrent
(pac.
rt-25);
6) KacareJrbrrbre
r{anpfl}KeHr4fl
or M'rro
,vt
M,sp:
r=3,8M'*P*M"^p,- -
-'-
(krD6nlt"o)z
'
(l
l-41)
(l
l-43)
n)-nsrn6arcuue
Hanpflx{elr4r
B
ceqeHHH
,Torracrr{,
pac-
IIofiox(eHHoM
napaJrJre,rrbFro
ee
ocH fioBopoTa;
6u
-
4\lt"n
;
(
|
r-42)
SAeCb
ho
--
TOJrurr{Ha
nepHsepniiuoro
ceqeHr.rrr
Jronacrr.r.
.
fl'pnneAeFrrrbre
r{anpr)Ker,r14rr
B
cepeApr}re
4nuurrou
cropo-
Hbr
KopHeBofo
ceqeHr4rr
noAcrrHTbrBaroTcrr
no
cpopuyne
onF:VW
n zt\
4-
"
)
Orpuqare,rituufi
BHaK
nepeA
qJreH,oM
orou B
pex{HMe
uopnnanluofr
3r(cnJryaTar\vrr4
AelicrsHTe/reH
KaK
D.nfr
pa6o-
vefi,
TaK 14'
r,Irfl,
rnnnuoli
cropoHbr
JrorracTu.
nnn
c,iyuan
pa3foHa
ryp6uHu
cJreAyer
npoBepHTb,
He H3MeHHTCfl
JH{
SHaK
[epeA
sTHM
qJreHOM.
188
vu*
rB
eroM
yp
aBHeHr.rH
qanQu
H
pbrrrara:
2Jo
C*
-
qenrpo6ex{Hafl
C*
=
T
,2C,
(rL-44)
CHJIA
JIONACTI{
(r
1-45)
189
D, (l
-
d",) (h,
+
h"p,)
(h2"+
h?r)
lAe C
orpeAerrrrercfl
Ro
ypaBHeHHro
(l
l-32)
,
rsr
-
paAi{y0
Kopnyca pa6ouero
KoJrecai
Io-MoMeHr
HHepqr4H ropu3oH,
TaJIbHoro
ceqeHHr
rltr/rul{Apraqecxofi
o6o.nouxtr
1;
0a
-
MaK-
czMaJrbHoe paccroflHne
BoJioKHa
oT ner?rpantuori oclr
ceqe-
ILHtIi
21-
I{llcJIO
JIO1aCTefi
XOneca;
6) HanprlKeHufl pacrfl>KeFrur
B rluJruHApr4rrecKor.r
o6o-
/IoqKe
or
Aelicreun
r{eHTpor6e)KHbrx
ckrlr
Maccbr Koprryca
pl
lonacrer?
(vraccy
"nonacreri
npH
pacrrere
noJraraeM
paBHo-
MepHo
pacnpeAeJieHr{,orl
no
oKpy)KHocrz Kopnyca)
'*
3Aecb
An*
-
nJrouraAb
[poAoJrbHoro
ceqeHnfl'
nepeMbrqKl{
I(o'p[yca ilJIocKocrbro,
rpoxolnilteft
rrepe3
ocb
Jlonacreir;
Ct'-
qeurpo6ex*rafl
cuila
,/'ioilacrr.{
c
qanQoH
H
pbrqaroM.
llpu6,rrra>KeHHar
orIeHKa BernquHbr aroli
cHJrbr
rrpr.rBeAeHa
Bbrrre;
Cur-
qerirpo6ex{Hafl
cwila
rrHJrr4HApa Koprryca
(6ea
yqera
4uvu1a)
"
Co, =ifl\,nrfnr(D2,
r[e
mBr
-
Macca
qrrrr,rHApa
Kopfly,ca;
B)
r.ropMaJrbHbre
oKpy>Kr'rbre
HanprrlKeHr,rrr Ha BepxHeH
KpoMKe
rIHJIHHApuqecxoli
qacrr4
r{oprtyca
pa6overo
KoJIeca
B Mecre
coeArzHerrnfl r{r.rJrHHApa
c
xecrxofi
AHaQparuoft
or
BHyrpeHHefo
AaBJreHr,rfl
p
,B
r(opnyce
3m2
m.2-l
(
r 1-46)
(Il-,47)
/ | 1-1R\
\rr-rv/l
^*-
Pfox
fltr
,I
(,
__t-6 ,1
\^
---m
Y
)
)'
conpfl>KeHHbre
c HHMH
paAHaJIbHbre
Hanprr)Ker-rHfl
c:F*-
Prn,
fL-n'
r \ /Wl.
,11
=
tl-r-
(t
-
6
)
V
a#r
);
(r
r-4e)
sAecb
hu,
-
ToJrurHHa
cTeH'Kr,r r{HJIHHApHqecxofi
qacTl4
Kop-
nyea
pa6ouero KoJreca;
ttrl
--
xapaKTepHcrI{Ka il,oilepeqHoro
c)r{arr{r
(xoeQSurrueHr,
o'6parurul
xoeS$uql4eHry
flyacco-
Ha).
Orpuqare,rlbHbIe
FIa,npfl)KeHLItI uoflyr{aIoTctI
B
ToqKa-x,
Jrelxaurnx Ha Hapy)KHorl
nonepxHocTl4 crellKn
IrI4JII4HApa;
r
B
AaHHoM
cflyr{ae, no-Br4Ar.rMoMy, noA
Io
noHIiMaercff
uHeprrl-ru nonepeqlloro ceqellur
nepeMblr{Ku.
(ilpun.
ped.)
190
MOMEHT
f)
KaCaTeJIbHbIe
Hanpttx(eHl{fl
B
U?lJIlIHApI4qeCKoIi
qaCTI'l
Ko,pnyca
BbIIIIe
oCH
/lollacT?r oT
nepeAaqH
KoJIecOM Bpaua-
nu{ero MoMeHra
M ua BaIIY
rYP6HHbl
(
I
1-50)
flpuneLeHHble
Hallpflx(eHl4fl,
Ha
uapyxttofi rloBepxHocrz
y
nepxuefi
KpoMKH
IILIJILIHApnqecxoll
qacrn
Kopnyca_B
Bep-
iuxa.nuuoli
nnocNocrn,
npoxoAflulefi
qepe3
ocb
qanQlt
JIo-
nacrr4,
onpeAe/If
rorcfl no
Qoprr,ry"ue
onp:
fne
(1
1-5r)
(ll-52)
6ur: Otr-o,* *
Op.
f ttaea
deeHa0qarafl
KO H CTP
v
Kt44V1
n
O.4BO
Afr'l4]UX
yCTP
O x
CTB
PEAKThBHbIX
ThAPOTyPEhH
fIoAeoArurae
ycrpoficrna
rHApo'ryP'6IlHtt
npeAHa3Haqe-
Hbr
/urrr
ilpHAaHIIn
3aI(pyTKI{
[OrOXy,
nocrynarculeMy
Ha
pa-
6oqee
KoJIeco.
florox
s
pa6ouee Ko,,Teco
6naroAapfl
[oABo-
Aflurr,rM
ycrpofrcrBaM
IloAaercfl
paBHoMepHo
pacrpeAeJleH-
HbrM
no
oK'pyx{HocTll.
Sueprlrn
IIoroKa
Ha
BbIXoAe rrc
HanpaBJlflIoilrero anna-
para y
paAHaJrbHo-oceBbIX
ryp6ran c
xoe$SHqHeHroM 6lr-
crpoxoAr{ocru
nq B
Anara3oHe
100-17
'o'6lvvtu
nDLI6JIH3I'I-
o,n rl.\ n/ ^.'^A'-.- t^ rr^
TeJlbtIO
Ha
,J'U-O'U"/0, 4
!
IIUIJUPUlfluJlullaulHbl2l
lyPUr1fl
L
l\u-
aQ$rnuueHroM
6ucrpoxoAHocr?I
nq or 230
g.o'
57 o'6/mau
-
Ha
5-'20,0/o
'cocrokrr
Hs cKopocruoli
eHepfHI4.
Cxenra
rroABoAtIIrII4x
ycrpofrcrB
peaKrlzsHoll rHAporyp6u'
Hbr
npeAcraBJIeH
a Ha
pt4c.
9-1.
I-IoaBoA cocrollT
I'Is
clrHpaJIb-
Hori
KaMepbI,
craropa
(sauac'Tylo
BbttIoJIHeHHoro 3aoAHo co
cnupa.nrHofi
ranrepoll)
ra
HanpaBJlflIou{efo
annapara c
no-
BOpOTHbTMH
JIOnaTKaMH.
B
3aBI4CI4I\{OCTH' OT
THna V
KOHCT-
pyKrIHr4
Typ6I,IHbI
npI4MeHsIOrCfl
CnHpaJIbHbIe
KaMepbI
C
flOJI-
Huna
(pruc. 9-1)
H HeTIoJIHbIM
(pnc.
9-12)
yrnona
oxBara.
CNhPAIIbHA'
KAMEPA
C NOIHbIIM
MI'IOM
OXBATA
'.
ilp,
Hanop
ax 20-30
vt
cnn'paJlbuble
I{aMepbI
c
noJIHbIM
yrJroM
oxBaTa
Mofyr BbII]oJIFIflrbcfl
I,l3 apMHpOBaHHO|O
X{e-
ile3o'6eroHa.
B
ALIana3oHe
l{ailopoB
Ao
100 ru
}l Bblure cnlt-
lel
pa/IbHble
KaMepbr
BbrrroJlHflIoTcff
MeTaJIJIHqecKnMu c
qacTHq-
Hori
flepeAaqeri
Harpy3Kn
Ha
6etou
rHApocoopyjxeuuff.
Cnapune
flo,IlHocrbro Hecyqfie
MeraJiJII4r{ecKHe
cnnpaJIbHbIe
KaMepbr npHMeHflnTcfl
B HacroHlrlee
BpeMf B
peaKTI4BHbIX
ry'p:6Hnax npn
Hailopax
Ao
750 M. O6onoqxa cllupanruoI?
KaMepbr
npuBapuBaercfl K KoJIbuaM craropa. CnupaJlbHaff
KaMepa Mox(er
BbrnoJlHflTbcfl nwrofi
LrB
qyryHa
(npn
HaIIo-
Puc.
l2-1.
BeprHxaJrbnafi
paAua,rbHo-oceBafl
ryp6uHa s flr4rofi
cralrnort
cnupaJrbHori xairrepe,
BbrnoJrHelrHan
$upvrofi
Sruep
Bucc
a.ns
fOC
Or.ron-
ueri. Hanop 455 M;
qacrora
Bpaqerrus
750
o6lwwv,;
MoulHocrb 45,6 MBr.
pax
Ao
150
pr)
vrnu HB
cralrt
(npu
Haropax
ao
600 u)
(puc.
l2-l).
V
ryp6r4H
c
roprrsoHra;lbHbrM BaJIoM
B
saBl4ct{-
MOCTH OT
Harropa, a raK)I(e
OT
pa3r\IepoB
14
KOHCTpyKIII{H
crru'panruoir
KaMepbl rroc/reAHr{rr Mox(eT BbInoJIHflTbcf
;rntofi
Lrs
qyryHa
LrJtkr
craJrr
Hnrvr cnapuofi
IIs
ilpoKara.
Cnnpanl-
I{aff
KaMepa B 3TOM
Cfiyrrae
qaIIIe
BeeFo BblnoJlHflercfl SaoA-
Ho
co craropoM
11176,
3371. flolso.qn\ufr
narpy6oK
cnla-
panrHofi KaMepbr
y
ryp6uH c
ropH3oHraJIblIbIIvI
BaJIoM Mo-
)Ker
pacnoJlalarbcr
BbIuIe
I,IJII{
H14}l{g
o,QI{
TYP'6IaHn,
a
raKxe
c6oxy,
le2
fnlp
aBJI
14tIecnnfi
p
acqer.
CnHpaJIbHafl
KaMepa
A9JI)KHa
o6ecneqnBaTb
IIOABSA
nOToKa
K
HanpaB/IflIoIIIeM)'
anna'paTy
c
MHHHMyMoM
noTepb
npl{ co6nloAeHuu
nocTo-
flHCrBa CKOpOCrefi
no oKpyll(HocrH.
B HacoCax
yt
o6parunaux
TnAPoMaIIII{Hax,
pa6orarculnx
B rracOCHOM
pelKLIMe,
Cnt4panuur,tit
orBoA npeAHagHaqaeT-Cfl
nJrfl
npeo6pa3oBatvrfl,
IIo
Bo3Mo)Knocru
6ee
noTepb,
cKopo-
crnofi
gHeprptu
IIoToKa
FIa
Bblxorl,e
Ii3
HailpaBJIfltoIIIero
ail-
napara
B sHeprHIO
AaBileldafl.
-Cxopocrb
noroKa
Bo
BXoAHoM
ceI{eHHH
cnupaluuofi
Ka-
Mepbr
rrpH
pacqerlloM
pacxoAe,
coorBercrBylouleM
pacxoAy
irput
noluor?
(nonnuHa.nlHoft)
Harpy3Ke,
onpeAeJIffercf
IIo
Qop
uyne
asx-:(0,15
+ 0,2qVW.
(t2-t1
Pasuepu
ceqeutrfi
cnup
ailvI
HaxoAfrcfl,
143
yCJIoBHff
o6ec-
rreqeHnfl
nOCrosHHOfi
3aKpyTKH
BAo,rib
ocl4,
npOXOAf
uteil
qepes
rleHrpbI
ceqenIaft
grnpa.nlsott
KaMepbI.
PacxoA
qepe3
nrc6oe
ceqeHue
cnt4pa.nnuofi
I{aMepbI Mo}KHO
onpeAeJIHTb
H3
yp
aBHeHH
tI
Q*
(t2-2)
fl,pu
pacqeTe IIJIou{allb
cetttlllllfl
(lyleu
Crll'lTaTb
orpal'ln'
qeuuofi
BxoAHbIMH
KpoMKaMH
K6JIoHFI CTaTOpa.
fl.noulaAl
nonepeqHoro
ceqeHl4fl
crtl.tp
anr
A
q,
pac[oJIo>KeHHoro
noA
yrJroM
r(p,
K sy6y
(rae
q:0)
,
ecJrvr
npeHe6pelrb
lorepflMn'
MO)KiiO
iioiiyqHTb
Tis
;ii'iiiei,iiioio
i/paBHeHllff
3aBIIClllt'{OCTI4
pacxoAa
rlepe3
c,IIHpa/IbHylo
KaMepy or
yrJIa
oxBaTa
rAe
Qe:o:
Q
-
no.nsnfi
pacuerHrtfi
pacxoA
(pacxo,u,
npra
nonHofi
uarpysNe).
(t2-3)
rrepe3
ryp6nuy
Ann
roro
qto6u
yMetlblxltrb
norepu
noroKa
Ha
yrlacrKe
s6nvtskr ey6a,
3KBHBa.[eHrHltpi
Ai4aMeTp
IIocJIeAH?IX
ceqeHnfi
yBerhqHBaIOT,
II.pI4AaBafl I{M
OJIJIHIITHqecKyIO
QOptuty,
BbITff-
rryryto
B Hanpannenun
ocl{ Typ6i'tt-ll,t.
Vron
ycTaHoB,KH KoJIoUFI craToPz
oox.cr
onpeAeJlfeTcfl
qe-
pe3 yroJl noroKa
B
cnllpanu
6es
cTarop&
osx0
c
yrleroM
yBe'
JrHqeHlrff
yfJIa
ycraHoBKH I(oJIolttt
Aorr
Ilo cpaBHeHuIo c
6eg'
yAapI{bIM
BXoAoM
Ha 6ecxouequQ
rouxnft crarop.
t
E-7?1
le3
rrF
fyb r
-
U \
c"dA
:
(cur),:o
\ *
dr.
JJ
Y_"J I
A,^
A,n
YY
Q*:
Q*:o
(t
-
+)'
4o6aexfl
,Accr
onpeAeJrrercfl
no
crecHeHr4ro
ltonepeqHoro
ceqeHl{fi
rroroKa KoJroHHar\4tr
craropa.
IIpol pacrrere
Ao.*
TaKX(e
CJreAyeT
yqhTbrBaTb,
qTo
y
THXoxoAHbrx
Maurr,rH
n.nn
cHHX(eHHfl
noTepb
B cnHpaJrH KOJroHHbr
Craropa
AoJr)KHbl
yBeflHrrr4Barb,
a
y
6ucrpoxoAHbrx
vrarrrnH
AJrfl
yMeHbrxeHrafl
crouMocrr.r
crrup
alrr4
-
yMeHbrrrarb
sar(pyrKy.
l4,cxarn
ug
gToro
_ _npHHr4MaIoT
nplr nq:30
Au.r:5"i
npu
nq:
ll5
A,C[cr
:8o.
Ma'xclrvraJlbHar
roJruIHHa,'tHTbrx
KoJroHH
craropa
npu
orJrHBKe
cnupa.utrr_oir KaMepbr
coBMecrHo
,co
craropoM
co-
craBJrfleT
hcr:I,2h,
rAe
h
ToJrrr{HHa
creHKH cnnpanlnoit
KaMepbr.
\
.{n'zuy
ceqeHnfl
KoJroHHbr
craropa
cJreAyeT npHHHMarb
He
MeHee 6'h"r.
Kolosrrrr
Jir4Tbrx
qyryHHbrx
craropoB
peKo-
MeHAyercfl pa3f,pyx<arb
oT
pacrfl
r'r4Barorqzx ycnnwh
BcJreAcr-
crBHe rnAPaBJrr4qecKoro
AaBJreHHfl
r{a
creHKH crrrrpannHoii
KaMepbr ycrauonxofi
BHyrpr{
Ko.rroHH
rrpeABaptrreJrbHo
Fra-
npfl>KeHHbrx
6onron.
B
cBf3H,C
rroTepflMH
Ha[opa
[ptr
ABHX(eHHH
noToKa
BAOJTb
,CnHpantuofi
KaMepbr
pacilpeAeJreHr{e
AasreHHfi
Ha
BxoAe B
HanpaBJrflroilIufi
,a,nnapaT
craHoBr{Tcr
HepaBHoMep-
HbrM,
vr Ha
pa6ouee
KoJreco
HaquHaer
AeficreoBarb
[o[epeq-
Haff
cKila,
AJrfl
OnpeAeJreHHff
Koroporl
A.
14.
Crenauon
[359]
npe/(Jrox{HJr
cJreAytouee
Bbr-
p
axeHHe:
F,-
0,36il
-
-Q/Q""
,)zlyH
D
tbo.
(12-4)
PaAna.uruoe
ycHJrHe
oSuq-
HO
COCTaBJTfl er
C
paAr4ycoM
3y6a
cnupaJrH
yroJr
oxono 70o
H
npn
pa6ore
B
ryp6nuuorrr
pe)KHMe
Ha[paBJreHo
ti3
KBaI,-
Pi.rc. l2-2.
(Dopvru
ceqenurli cBap-
r{brx cnHpaJrbHbrx KaMep BbrcoKorra-
nopHbrx
paAHaJrbHo-oceBbrx
f HApo-
ryp6raH.
/.
-
sopua.nrnas
dloplrra
ceqenrfi;
2
-
ce-
rreHHfl
c
yMeHbrueHHbrM
Hapy)KHbrM
pa.
AHycoM:
o6oro.rxa cnnpanlgofi KaMepbr
npH,BapHBaercr K
,Konbqy
craroDa
(Toq-
Ka
I()
TaKHM o6pasoM,
tlro6ut
yMeHb-
lrrHTb cKpyqHBaHHe
KoJIbqa or Hanpf'xe-
HHI'i s o6o,roqne:
F-.uerras
o6nl{rloen,'
A.rtq
o6ecneqeHHf o6texaeIvIofi
d:optrlut
.cg:-
geustl"
pdHra
c
Han6onnrunfuH,
a
ilpn
pa6ore
B
HacocHoM
pelK?i-
Me
-
I{3 KBaApaHTa
C
IraUMeHb[IHMH CeqeHHflMH.
t{uc.rro
KoJroHH
craropa
o6brqHo npHHI4M,stoT
paBHbrM
no-
/roBr4He
rrHcfla
Ha,rrpaBJrfllou{Hx JroraroK
(puc.
l2-2). B
ty,p'
6uHax or{eHb
6onluux
pasMepoB
AJrf
yMeHbrrreHnfl
paAI{-
arbHoro
yckr[l,ufl
Ha
pa6oqee
KoJIeco
HHorAa BbI6IIpaIoT
oAI{-
HAKOBOE
III4CflO
JIOIIATOK
HAIIPABJIflTOUIE|O AIINAPATA
V
KO.
rroHH'craropa.
Ha
puc. I2-2
uapflAy
c
o6HqHoI?
xoucrpyK-
urzeft
,cttHpaJrbHori
KaMepbI
c ceqeFI]IflMr.r
KpyrJIoll
Qopvtlt
noKa3aFra
cnHpaJIb
c
ceqeHHflMI4,
IIecI{oJIbKo
cx(aTbIM.4
B
pa-
AHaJrbHoM
uanpan.neHHH
(xoucrpyKllnfi
flllxe
t).
Ilpit
sroM
o6onoqxa crupaJlbHotl
KaMepbt npllBap,HBaercfl
K
BepxHeMy
rroflcy
,KoJrbrIa
craTopa,
a
o6rexaeuas
Qoprr/Ia
npoToqHoli
rracrr.r
o6eoneqH,Baercf
BBapKofi BHyrpb crllrpaJlH
cneIII4aab-
Fro
cnpo$uJrupoeaHuoli
paafpyx(euuofi
roHKor;r o6Jtnqoeru.
Taxan I{oHcrpyKI{Hq
no3BoJrfler
H3MeHLITb
roqKy
npHJIo'
)KeFrHfl
ycHJrHfl
or o6JrurqoeKn
cnnpa.nrHoH
KaMepbt, Bocnpu-
H14MaeMOTO
KOJIbIIaM14 CTaTOpa,
yBerI,lI{HTb
X{eCTKOCTb
KO-
Jrerl kt
pasfpy3uTb
6onrosoe
coeluHeHr.re
KoJIeIr
craropa
vr
cnHpanlsofi
KaMepbl.
Kponile
rofo,
y
ryp6nn
MaJrbIX
pa3MepoB,,cnpoeKTHpoBal-llIbIX Ha oqeHb BbIcoKHe
Hanopbr, To.IIUTHHa
QraHIreB
coeAHIreHLIr
qacrelt
nurblx
cIIH-
pa.nruorl
KaMepbr Lt
craropa
craHoBnrcfl
HacroJlbxo
6onr-
ruori,
qro
3aBecrl4
6o.ntlt
S,nauqenoro
coeAl4HeHr4fr.,
pacilo-
Jro)KeHHOfO
BHyTpH
r(OJIbrI?,
3ar{aCTyrO
OKaSbIBaeTCfl
BeCbMa
3arpyAHr4reJrbr{o.
B
npe4noxenHoil
r(oHcrpyKr.lHrr,
rAe
sJIaH-
rleBoe
coeAuHeune
qacrefi
craropa
pacnoJlaraercr
c BHeIII-
Herl
cropoHbr
or
I{oJIbrra,
ycraHoBKa
coeAHHHTeJIbHbIX
6onron
He npercraBJrfler npo6neMbI HH rrpH xarofi ToJIII[uHe
QnaH'
ueB.
P acnoJrox(eHHe rroABoAsuIe
ro
rp
y6
on
p
o Bo-
Aa.'fn4poarperarbr
BbrnoJIHfltorcr
c
pa3HbrM pacnoJlolKe-
FrHeM
HanopHbrx
r,py6onpoBoAoB
orHocprreJlbHo
ryp6uHu.
Huxe
Aaercr
xparNufi
o6sop
pa3,'inqi{blx
Bapr.raHToB
KoM-
NOHOBKH.
1. HaropHnii
rpy6onpoBoA
p,acnoJro)Ker.r
rrar,
ocbro
ropld-
soHranrHoli
rlrAporyp6nHu.
CnHparbHar
KaMepa
ycraHaB-
,/'iHBaercfl
r-ra
'npoAoJrbHbIX
QyHaalueHTI-tbIx
6anwax
c
no-
[,roulbro
Maccr4BHblx
IxH'poKo
pa3Hecei{Hblx
onopHblx JIan
(prac.
l2-3)
.
Onopune
Jranbr
peK,oMeHAyercfl
HarILIHarb
or
ropnsorrraJrbHoro
pa3beMa
cltapa"nrHofi
KaMepbr.
llpn
B€px:
t
Chaix
B.
C,omrpara,ison
du
poinrt
de
vue hy,dnalique entre la
ba.
che
spirale
du
type
'P,iguet
et
une
bache conventicnelle.
-
<Charmi,lrles
lnrfor,mrartiofls
Trechrniq,sssn,
7(lllgl58),
S.
31.
13*
lg;
le+
TT
Prac.
l2-3.
Cxenaa
reiic'rsuq
rrzApaBaHrrecKHX
yr
TeMnepa-
TypHbIx
ycunui4
F
a,
BosHH-
KarouIHX
n rpy6onpoBoAe, Ha
oropHbre
rrarrbr
K
Lr
Qyuaa-
MeHTHbre 6anxu T
ropr.raoH-
ra.nruoft rHAporyp6nHu
npH
pacnoJroxeHl{u
BxoAHofo
ce-
lIeHHff
cnnpanruoft
Karvrepbr
HaA
ocbro ryp6r.rHbr.
iiena
fiacnono>keHui,l
roABoAfiutero narpy6Ka iineqo
rHApaB-
JrHqecKI4X CLril H Cr.rJr
reMrlepaTypHoro
pacuHpeHHfl
Hanop-
HOI.O
rpy6onpoBoAa
orr-roc?rreJrbl-ro
onopbr afperara
oKa3bl-
Baercfl
BecbMa
3IraqLITeJIbHbIM,
qTo
npHBoAHT
K
IIOflBJIeHHn
3HAIIHTCJIbHOTO
ONPOKHAbIBAIOII{CTO MOMCHTA B
OIIOPE
U
cHJIbHo HarpyiKaer
Qyu,lanaeHTHI.,Ie
6onru.
Ann
yMeHbIrIe-
HHfl,
peaKr\HH
OnOp
Or reMnepa-
rypHbrx
Hanpfx{eHHfi B
Hanop-
Hor{
rpy6onpoBoAe H
or
AaBJre-
tfaf,
nepeA
BXoAoM
B
cnHpaJrb-
Hyro
riaMepy
ryp6HHbr
ycraHaB-
/rHBator
pasrpy3orrHbre ycTpoir-
crBa. Pasrpysoqrroe
ycrporicrBo
KOHCTpyKTIHH
sr,rpnru
<3ruep
Bncc>>
cu.urQon'Horo THna
c
ynpy-
f
HM
3./'ICMCHTOM
NOKA3AHO HA
puc.
I2-4.
VcraHoeKa
pasrpy3oq-
Horo
ycrportcTBa
sHaqHTeJrbHo
yMeHbrrraer
HarpysKy
Ha
CIII4-
paJrbHyro
r(aMepy H
tlo3BoJrfleT
cyuIecTBeHHo o6fler.rHrr
KoHcT-
pyKrlHro
onop.
2.
Hanopnufi rpy6onpoBoA
pacrroJraf
aeTcrr
'Hr4>Ke
ocH ro-
pr{3oHraJrbHofi
rHAporyp6uuu.
I-lpor
raKofi KoMrroHoBKe
BxoA-
HolZ yqacroK
cnrapa.nrHorl
KaMepbr
Lr
onopHbre
Jranbl
crr'Lrpailr4
)KecrKo
3aJruBanTcr B 6erou.
Mouenr oT
'cktnl
reMneparypHoro
pacunpeHufl
rrpy6onpoBoAa Ha
onope flpl,I
-^t.^t" rtn irnn
"n
^nn 'r rrrrrrn I nrr,n I O
(\
IJrttrz-
I
d.l\\Jn
t\VlYlrll\JnLrDntr
clr
Ptrr
4
r
cf
P6lDEn
.riyJII\,
\yrrt-.
rzr',-,
I
.
I
lrr..r\-
Hee
pacnoJlolKeHHe
rroABoAa rrpenfTcTByeT
y'cTaHoBKe npo-
AOJrbHbrx
syu4arraeHTHbrx
6anot<
fioA
onopaMH
arperara.
fopHe,oHTaJrbHbre
o6parunaue anperarbl, BbrrroJrHfleMble
IIo
AByxMalrrr4HHori
cxenre,
Moryr Bbrno/rHrrbcrl
.KaK
c
BepxHHM,
raK
H c
r{HX<Hr{M
pacrIoJIo}KeH?IeM
rpy6onpoBoAa.
B
raKnx
cflyrraflx
YAo6no
pacnoJrararb
rpy6onpoBoAbr
ryp6uHu
14
Hacoca
c
oAuoft
cropoHbr
MaruHHHOro 3aJIa.
,flpu
9TOM
AJIfl
coxp
aHeHufl
oAHoro
Han,paBJreH,H-q
BpauIeHI,Ifi
y Typ6I4HbI
il
Hacoca
noABoA BoAbr
K
Typ6HHe Lr orBoA or
Hacoca
peKo-
MeHAyercq
Aerarb
Fra
pa3HbIX ypoBHrx (nurue n
HHx(e
ocn
arpe_rara).
KoucrpyKTI{BHbIe
oco6enHocrH
cIII4p
aJIb-
Hbrx
KaMep
H
orropHbrx
r(oHcrpyxqfifi.
y
rHApo-
ry,p6uH
c
ropH3oFrraJIbHbIM
BaJIoM
onopHltft
H
ynopHut?
noA-
r96
Puc. l2-4.
CucreMa
pasfpysxu
rpy6onpono4a
rz
BneuHr'rx
Harpysor{
(xoncrpyxrlnr
$uputr
Sruep
)
cnHpaJrbHor.r
xauepbr
oT
Bacc).
-:)\r.
r:
Pnc. I 2-5.
.lopusoHraabHafi
paAnarrbrro-oceBafi
rnAporyp6nna
n
cnapuori
_cnupaJrbHoli
xauepe
npou3BoAcrea
Sr.ipruu
Ooi:rr
a.rrn
iAgC
.||eirrsax
II.
Hanop
126 rrn;
qacrora
BparqeHrzrr
-428,6
o6lnius.;
MourHocrb
24
MBr.
BxoAuoe
ceqeFrHe
cnupa.rruuoii
KaMepbr
pacnoJraraercff
noA
.
ocblo
ryp-
6unrr.
t97