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dwelling adaptations/solutions for severely handicapped people. A paper on the latter subject was awarded a prize
for “excellent paper” at the 2nd International Universal Design Conference in Kyoto, 2006. (
CHAP. 42)
Roger Coleman is professor emeritus of the Royal College of Art in London, UK. He cofounded and codirected
the Helen Hamlyn Research Centre and was professor of inclusive design at the Royal College of Art until
September 2008. The Helen Hamlyn Centre builds on the internationally respected DesignAge program, which
Coleman directed from its launch in 1991. In 1995 the RCA was awarded a Queen’s Anniversary Prize for Higher
and Further Education in recognition of his work. Roger was the recipient of a Ron Mace Universal Design
Award in 2000 and a Sir Misha Black Award for Innovation in Design Education in 2001. (
CHAP. 21)
Karine Denizou works as an architectural researcher at SINTEF Byggforsk. She has been involved in acces-
sibility and universal design research for about 10 years. Her work includes accessibility audits and certification
systems for existing buildings and outdoor areas (byggsertifisering), development of control methods for overall
planning and architectural design, and efforts to broaden universal design aspects to include the problems of
creating good living environments for homeless people. She has also written a number of SINTEF Byggforsk’s
planning leaflets. Present work (with coauthor Jon Christophersen) is directed toward achieving universal design
standards in sustainable rehabilitation of postwar housing. (
CHAP. 42)
Assunta D’Innocenzo is a director of research and a consultant for local bodies, housing companies, the Italian
National Research Council, Ministry of Public Works, and national associations of older people on housing.
She has been director of the Italian magazine Abitare e Anziani (Housing Older People) since its foundation
in 1998. She is an author and an expert on design for all and has participated in many European projects devoted
to improving the built environment for frail people. Since 2003, she has taught at the University of Trieste in the
master’s degree program on Assistive Technology for Disabled and Elderly People. (
CHAP. 15)
Richard Duncan, executive director, R. L. Mace Universal Design Institute, has spent more than 25 years in
the field of architectural and product accessibility and universal design in residential, public, and transportation
environments. His work includes the issues of affordable housing and home and repair financing and transpor-
tation accessibility, as well as community design for constituencies that include people with disabilities and
aging households. Duncan has worked at two of the nation’s preeminent organizations in the field, the Adaptive
Environments Center in Boston (now, the Institute for Human Centered Design) and The Center for Universal
Design in North Carolina. He is a graduate of Tufts University and the planning program at the Department of
City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (
CHAP. 9)
Valerie Fletcher is executive director of the Institute for Human Centered Design, an international nonprofit
organization committed to advancing the role of design in expanding opportunity and enhancing experience for
people of all ages and abilities through excellence in design. Fletcher writes and lectures internationally. She is a
special adviser to TOTO Ltd. and to the U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Fletcher has a master’s
degree in ethics and public policy from Harvard University. The Boston Society of Architects awarded her the
Women in Design Award in 2005. She’s a trustee of the Boston Architectural College. (
CHAP. 37)
Gilbert Geis is professor emeritus, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California,
Irvine. A former president of the American Society of Criminology and recipient of its Edwin H. Sutherland
Award for outstanding research, Geis recently wrote Criminal Justice and Moral Issues (with Robert Meier),
Oxford University Press, New York, 2007. (
CHAP. 7)
Larry Goldberg is director of media access at WGBH. He oversees The Caption Center and the Descriptive
Video Service and established the National Center for Accessible Media in 1993. He led the design of a
captioning system for digital television in the United States, pioneered captioning and description on the web,
and was awarded a patent in 1996 for “Rear Window,” the first closed captioning system for movie theaters
and theme parks. Goldberg has a B.A. in broadcast journalism from the University of Southern California.
(
CHAP. 34)
Susan M. Goltsman, Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects, is an expert in environmental
design and planning, specializing in environments for children, youth, and families. A founding principal of MIG
with over 28 years of professional experience, Goltsman has advised government agencies and communities
around the world. Goltsman’s work has received numerous national awards. She is coauthor of The Inclusive
City: Design Solutions for Buildings, Neighborhoods and Urban Spaces; the PLAY FOR ALL Guidelines; and
the Accessibility Checklist. Goltsman holds a B.F.A. from Parsons School of Design and the New School for
Social Research in New York, an M.S. in Environmental Psychology from the University of Surrey, England, and
a master’s of landscape architecture from North Carolina State University. (
CHAP. 22)
Louis-Pierre Grosbois, an architect, consultant, and urban planner, has been a professor for 35 years at the
Ecole Supérieure d’Architecture de la Villette in Paris, with an emphasis in design for all. Publications include
x
CONTRIBUTORS
Handicap et Construction (eight editions, 1983 to 2008) and Living in an Accessible City: From Uses to
Designing (1998). He is also a member of the International Union of Architects, including participation in its
Architecture for All program. (
CHAP. 12)
Marcelo P. Guimarães is a professor at the school of architecture, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
(UFMG) in Brazil, where he is the head of ADAPTSE, an academic laboratory for research and extension
services about universal design as related to compliance with accessibility standards. He teaches courses in
architectural design and theory. His work focuses on technical, behavioral, and cultural factors for the develop-
ment of socially inclusive societies. Dr. Guimarães earned a professional Bachelor of Professional Studies in
architecture at UFMG, an M.Arch. at the University at Buffalo, and a Ph.D. in design at North Carolina State
University. (
CHAP. 14)
Charles Hitchcock, chief officer of policy and technology at the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST),
oversees policy and technology innovation. He was instrumental in the creation of Bobby, an innovative tool for
improving web site accessibility and of the CAST eReader—the first talking browser. As director of the Technical
Assistance Center, Hitchcock works with states, school boards, and publishers to implement the National
Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard (NIMAS). He is also codirector of the 15-state AIM (Accessible
Instructional Materials) Consortium. He has extensive practical experience in special education administration,
technology education, and teaching at all levels, from early childhood to graduate school. (
CHAP. 35)
Margo Vreeburg Izzo, with a Ph.D. in special education from The Ohio State University and an M.A. in vocational
special education from George Washington University, is the associate director of the Nisonger Center at The Ohio
State University, Columbus. She is principal investigator of over $3 million worth of projects awarded from the
National Science Foundation and U.S. Department of Education. Recent publications include “Supported eText:
Effects of Text-to-Speech on Access and Achievement for High School Students with Disabilities” in the Journal for
Special Education Technology (with A. Yurick and B. McArrell), and “Universal Design for Learning: The Faculty
Perspectives,” in Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability (with A. Murray and J. Novak). (
CHAP. 39)
Edwina Juillet, who in 2000 retired from a 30-year career in health care risk management, continues professional
activity as an independent consultant and advocate. Her interest in fire/life safety and emergency preparedness
for persons with disabilities had its genesis in 1974 after the Rehabilitation Act was signed into law. This began
her avocation with the focus on issues of emergency evacuation of persons with disabilities through research,
codes/standards, training, publications, and coalition building. She is known as the cofounder of the National
Task Force on Fire and Life Safety for People with Disabilities in 1978. (
CHAP. 8)
Hugh J. Kelsey, formerly archivist for the Public Health Image Library, is a contractor at the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), where he supports the implementation of a national electronic disease
surveillance system. Kelsey’s professional activity focuses on public health informatics, the application of sys-
tematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and
learning. Kelsey is also actively involved in web design and implementation for public health. Kelsey earned a
Master of Library Science (M.L.S.) degree as well as a Master of Arts (M.A.) degree in history with a concentra-
tion in the history of public health in the United States. In addition, he recently completed a one-year informatics
fellowship at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. (
CHAP. 9)
Satoshi Kose is a professor in the Graduate School of Design at the Shizuoka University of Art and Culture,
where he teaches universal design theory and practice. Before joining the university, he worked with the Building
Research Institute of the Japanese Government and compiled the Dwelling Design Guidelines for the Ageing
Society. He received his doctoral degree on domestic stairway design from the University of Tokyo. He has pub-
lished many research papers on safety and usability of the built environment, and he published several Japanese
books on universal design. He received several research awards including the Ron Mace Designing for the 21st
Century Award. (
CHAP. 11)
Ingrid Krauss studied product and process design at the Berlin University of the Arts before taking up free-
lance work as a designer and supporting various design and research projects. She joined the International
Design Center Berlin in 2007, where she conducted the research project “Stimulating Economic Growth and
Employment by Orienting Businesses and Economic Policy towards the Design for All Concept” and is now
managing the project “Competence Network Universal Design.” (
CHAP. 13)
Yael Danieli Lahav is a faculty member of the School of Architecture at the Ariel University Center of Israel,
where she teaches courses in architectural design and planning regulations. Lahav’s scholarship focuses on
universal design and inclusive urban planning. In addition, Lahav serves as the municipal coordinator for acces-
sibility at the City of Jerusalem, where she is actively involved in the transformation of local urban design policy.
Lahav earned a bachelor of architecture degree at the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology at Haifa and an
M.A. in urban geography at the Hebrew University at Jerusalem. (
CHAP. 16)
CONTRIBUTORS xi
Yanki Lee is a design advocate focusing on social innovation through design and user research methodologies.
Currently a research fellow at the Helen Hamlyn Centre at the Royal College of Art, she completed her Ph.D. in
design (entitled “Design Participation Tactics”) at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University with Prof. John Fraser
in 2007. She has participated in action research projects and case studies in Asia and the United Kingdom focused
on developing tools for designers to design with people, especially those who are older or disabled. She leads
student programs and judges design awards at the RCA, where she also initiated The Methods Lab. (
CHAP. 36)
L. Scott Lissner is the ADA coordinator for The Ohio State University. Housed in the provost’s office, Lissner
is an associate of the John Glenn School of Public Policy and serves as a lecturer for the Moritz College of Law
and the Knowlton School of Architecture and Disability Studies. Recent publications include The Impact of the
ADAAA of 2008 on Higher Education, Thompsons Publications; “Universal Design in the Institutional Setting:
Weaving a Philosophy into Campus Planning” in Universal Design: From Accessibility to Zoning (J. Cowley-
Evans and J. Nasser, eds.); and From Legal Principle to Informed Practice with J. E. Jarrow. (
CHAP. 39)
Einar Lund was educated as an architect at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
He has been employed in private enterprises and local and regional authorities, mainly in the field of planning.
During the past 10 years, he has been working in the Ministry of the Environment in Norway on national planning
policy, especially in the development and coordination of national action plans for universal design. (
CHAP. 10)
Jordana L. Maisel is director of outreach and policy studies at the Center for Inclusive Design and
Environmental Access (IDEA Center), and a project lead for the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on
Universal Design and the Built Environment (RERC-UD) and the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on
Accessible Public Transportation (RERC-APT). Her current work includes projects on the effectiveness of uni-
versal design, policy and planning issues related to inclusive housing design, and the development of voluntary
universal design standards. Maisel has lectured at numerous conferences across the United States and has written
peer-reviewed articles on visitability. She also teaches several online courses and serves as an adjunct professor
in the department of urban and regional planning at the University at Buffalo. (
CHAP. 25)
Sandra Manley is a principal lecturer in the department of planning and architecture at the University of the
West of England in Bristol, United Kingdom, where she teaches planning and urban design and is the director of
the faculty’s short course and conference program. For many years Manley has promoted inclusive environments
and the need for built environment professions that reflect the diversity of the population that they serve. She is
currently undertaking research on behalf of the Royal Institute of British Architects that aims to find out how
persons with disabilities can be encouraged to become architects. (
CHAP. 17)
John Mathiason, with a Ph.D. in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is professor
of international relations at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, where he teaches courses in
management of the international public sector, including in the area of human rights. He was a career official of
the United Nations for 25 years, finishing as deputy director of the Division for the Advancement of Women where
he was concerned with implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women. He was actively engaged at the earliest stages of the negotiation of the Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities and has organized training on disability rights. (
CHAP. 5)
Sanjoy Mazumdar is a professor in the department of planning, policy, and design at the University of
California, Irvine. He teaches courses in culture, community, design, and qualitative research methods. His
scholarship and research focus on culture-design interrelationships; organizational, cultural, religious, and ethnic
communities and space; home, office, and sacred environments; and accessibility. These have been published
in many journals, books, and encyclopedias. He has received awards for teaching and research. He received his
B.Arch. (Hons.) from I.I.T. Kharagpur, India, and M.Arch., A.S., M.C.P., and Ph.D. in organizational studies and
environmental design from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (
CHAP. 7)
Annalisa Morini, who has a degree in civil engineering from the University La Sapienza of Rome, has been a
full-time researcher at the Italian National Research Council (CNR) since 1983. She was responsible for many
CNR research projects on residential environments, particularly for frail and disabled people, and the use of
smart and advanced technologies. Since May 2003, she has been the coordinator of the Building Comfortable
Environments for All commission of the International Council for Building Research (CIB). She has assisted in
the development of many European projects devoted to accessibility. Since 2003, she has taught at the University
of Trieste in the master’s degree program on Assistive Technology for Disabled and Elderly People. She is a
member of the scientific committee of three Italian magazines. She has written a number of books, chapters, and
papers and has also presented at several national and international conferences. (
CHAP. 15)
James L. Mueller is an industrial designer who specializes in assistive technology, disability management, and
universal design. Since 1974, Mueller has served as a consultant to employers, product manufacturers, and reha-
bilitation research centers. He has also designed and fabricated hundreds of workplace and home modifications
xii
CONTRIBUTORS
for individuals with disabilities. Mueller regularly presents his work in local, regional, national, and international
conferences of designers, employers, rehabilitation professionals, and people with disabilities. He also conducts
training programs for private businesses and public agencies on the subjects of disability management, workplace
accommodation, and universal design. (
CHAPS. 23, 32)
Abir Mullick is a professor in the College of Architecture at Georgia Institute of Technology. He has served as
a universal design expert to the National Kitchen and Bath Association and has published extensively in design,
architecture, rehabilitation, and human factors journals. He holds Master of Arts and Master of City and Regional
Planning degrees from The Ohio State University. (
CHAP. 30)
Jeremy Myerson is an academic, author, and activist in people-centered design. He holds the Helen Hamlyn
Chair of Design at the Royal College of Art, London, where he is director of the college’s Helen Hamlyn Centre.
He also leads the Innovation RCA network for business. A graduate of the RCA, he worked in design journalism
and founded Design Week, the world’s first weekly news magazine for designers and their clients, before moving
into design research. He has authored many books on design and led a number of international research projects,
including investigating future workspace for older workers. (
CHAP. 36)
Jack L. Nasar is a professor of city and regional planning at The Ohio State University. He is a fellow of
the American Institute of Certified Planners; he has a Ph.D. in man-environment relations from Pennsylvania
State University, a master’s in urban planning from New York University, and a bachelor’s in architecture from
Washington University, St. Louis. His books include Designing for Designers: Lessons Learned from Schools of
Architecture (edited with W. F. E. Preiser and T. Fisher); Universal Design and Visitability: From Accessibility to
Zoning (edited with J. Evans-Cowley); Environmental Aesthetics: Theory, Research, and Applications; and The
Evaluative Image of the City, Design by Competition: Making Design Competitions Work. Dr. Nasar received a
Distinguished Alumni award from Washington University School of Architecture and the Environmental Design
Research Association’s Career and Achievement Awards. (
CHAPS. 39, 41)
Trisha O’Connell is the director of research and development for the WGBH National Center for Accessible
Media (NCAM). She develops and manages research projects, identifying areas of need in new technologies and
in the convergence of technology, media, disability, and education. She has worked within the Media Access
Group at WGBH since 1988, serving as director of The Caption Center prior to joining NCAM. She holds an
M.B.A. from the Simmons Graduate School of Management. (
CHAP. 34)
Elaine Ostroff is the founding director of the Institute for Human Centered Design (formerly Adaptive
Environments), where she works as a consultant in directing the Access to Design Professions Project. A living
memorial to the late Ron Mace, the project seeks to improve the practice of universal design by encouraging and
supporting people with disabilities to enter the design professions. Recipient of numerous national and interna-
tional awards, including Honorary AIA in 2006, Ostroff is the editor of the Global Universal Design Educators
Online News. She has a B.S. from Brandeis and an Ed.M. from Harvard Graduate School of Education, and was
a Radcliffe Fellow. (
CHAP. 1)
Jake Pauls, with an eclectic education, including a B.Arch., worked at National Research Council of Canada for
20 years. A certified professional ergonomist, he has over four decades of international experience in research,
codes and standards development, public health advocacy, plus consulting. With expertise in ergonomic, architec-
tural, engineering, and management aspects of movement of people, individually and in crowds—especially on
stairways—he serves on several U.S. national standards and codes committees, mostly representing the American
Public Health Association. His work includes ergonomics, public health and the development, adoption and
enforcement of codes, and standards for building usability and safety. (
CHAP. 8)
John P. Petronis is founder and president of Architectural Research Consultants, Inc. He is a certified planner
and a licensed architect. He has substantial facility programming and master planning experience with a wide
variety of projects for federal, state, and local governments, as well as for educational institutions statewide
and nationwide. Petronis’s work has been featured in a number of facility planning and programming text-
books, including Edith Cherry’s Programming for Design: From Theory to Practice. Case studies of Petronis’s
work have appeared in Facility Programming, Programming the Built Environment, the AIA Guide to Facility
Programming, and “Architectural Programming” (with Edith Cherry) in Whole Building Design Guide. Petronis
earned a B.A. in philosophy from Gettysburg College and M.Arch. and M.B.A. degrees from the University of
New Mexico. (
CHAP. 18)
Wolfgang F. E. Preiser holds a Ph.D. from the Pennsylvania State University, master’s degrees in architecture
from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and the Technical University of Karlsruhe, Germany,
as well as the First State Exam from the Technical University in Vienna, Austria. He has lectured at over 150
universities, conferences, and organizations worldwide. He is widely published, with 17 books and 125 chapters,
articles, and papers in conference proceedings to his credit, on topics ranging from universal design, to facility
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
programming, building performance assessments, health care facilities, and intercultural design. Preiser also
serves on the editorial boards of major journals. Preiser has received many honors, awards, and fellowships,
including the Progressive Architecture Applied Research Award and Citation, Professional Fellowships from the
National Endowment for the Arts, the 1999 EDRA Career Award, the 2007 and 2010 EDRA Achievement Award,
and the Fulbright Fellowship. (
EDITOR, CHAPS. 20, 38)
Christine A. Price is an associate professor in the department of family and child studies at Montclair State
University where she teaches courses on human development focusing on later life. Dr. Price’s research interests
include women’s retirement and health, as well as universal design. Dr. Price earned her B.A. from the University
of California-Irvine and her M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Georgia. (
CHAP. 29)
Avi Ramot, with a Ph.D. in sociology from the State University of New York, Albany, and Rome, Italy, is the
founder and director of the Israel Center for Accessibility. His main work lies in planning accessibility for public
buildings, transportation, urban environments, and public services. Dr. Ramot is actively involved in teaching
universal design and serves as the codirector of a new school that educates professionals in universal design,
accessible service, accessible urban planning, and related topics. Dr. Ramot earned B.S.W. and M.S.W. degrees
at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (
CHAP. 16)
Kristi Ringard earned an M.Sc. in social anthropology at the University of Oslo. She has been employed at the
Ministry of Environment from 1988 to the present, working with various environmental and planning issues. For
the past five years, Ringard has been dedicated to coordination and implementation of the Government Action
Plan for Universal Design in Key Areas of Society 2005–2008, and she has been responsible for the pilot project
“Universal Design as a Municipal Strategy.” She has coordinated the production of the report that summarizes
experiences and results from the 17 participating municipalities of this pilot project. (
CHAP. 10)
Steven W. Rissing, with a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Washington, Seattle, and a B.S. in biology from
Indiana University, Bloomington, is a professor of evolution, ecology and organismal biology at The Ohio State
University, Columbus. He is past director of OSU’s Introductory Biology Program. His research areas include effec-
tive pedagogies for college science learning and the evolution of cooperation in social insects. (
CHAP. 39)
Robert W. Robie, Registered Architect and vice president of Architectural Research Consultants, Inc., has exten-
sive experience in master planning, programming, and facilities evaluation, specializing in educational facilities.
He has managed projects for a variety of clients including local, state, and federal government entities and school
districts both in and out of New Mexico. Before joining ARC, Robie was staff architect for the Albuquerque
Public Schools (APS) and worked closely with ARC as the school district’s representative evaluator on the first
complete survey of APS school facilities in 1989. He was project manager for a districtwide ADA reassessment
of APS facilities and a campuswide ADA evaluation study for the main New Mexico State University campus in
Las Cruces. Robie earned a B.A. in biology from Lafayette College and an M.Arch. degree from the University
of New Mexico. (
CHAP. 18)
Rosemarie Rossetti, Ph.D., is president of Rossetti Enterprises, Inc. She and her husband, Mark Leder, built
the Universal Design Living Laboratory (www.UDLL.com), a national demonstration home and garden in
Columbus, Ohio. This home showcases universal design and green building practices. Dr. Rossetti is an interna-
tionally known speaker, author, and consultant. As a person who uses a wheelchair, Dr. Rossetti knows firsthand
how universal design provides access, convenience, comfort, and safety—making life easier. Her presentations
help builders, architects, and interior designers integrate universal design and green building features into their
projects. Since March 2006, her “Accessible Home” column has been published in Action Magazine, a national
publication of the United Spinal Association. (
CHAP. 45)
John P. S. Salmen, AIA, is a licensed architect who has specialized in barrier-free and universal design for more
than 30 years. He is president of Universal Designers and Consultants Inc., an architectural firm he founded in
1991. Salmen is one of the leading experts in the technical aspects of the Americans with Disabilities Act and
an international leader in the field of universal design. Publisher of Universal Design Newsletter, Salmen has
authored several books, including Accessible Architecture, The Do-Able Renewable Home, Accommodating All
Guests, and Everyone’s Welcome. He has been a presenter or keynote speaker at hundreds of seminars throughout
North America and the Pacific Rim. Salmen is a voting member of the International Code Council/American
National Standards Institute (ICC/ANSI) A117 Committee and on the Editorial Committee for the A117.1
Standard for Useable and Accessible Buildings, and he is a committee chair for the Global Universal Design
Commission. He earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree at the University of Minnesota. (
CHAPS. 6, 26)
Jim Sandhu, of Inclusive Design Research Associates, chaired the European Ministerial Conference on e-Inclusion
on December 2, 2008. He has been a key player in inclusive design in Europe since 1972 with about 300 publi-
cations and 80 public domain designs. He has been a consultant to the World Bank, the British government, the
European Standardisation Institute, and a wide range of programs for the European Commission, including
xiv
CONTRIBUTORS
Euro-India, Euro-Latin America, and Euro-Caribe. He is a founding member of several European organizations
concerned with consumers, design, science, and technology. He has worked in over 30 countries, including the
United States. (
CHAP. 44)
David Schoell is a graduate research associate in the Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access in
the School of Architecture and Planning at the University at Buffalo–State University of New York. He is a mem-
ber of the Inclusive Design Graduate Research Group. His work and master’s thesis focus on social integration
and vertical circulation in the built environment. (
CHAP. 27)
Korydon Smith is a tenured associate professor in the Fay Jones School of Architecture at the University of
Arkansas. Professor Smith teaches courses in architectural design, theory, and methods. Dr. Smith’s primary
scholarship investigates the roles that design and design education play among marginalized groups, resulting
in a wide variety of publications, continuing education seminars, and consulting. Smith holds a professional
M.Arch degree, with a concentration in architectural theory and design, from the State University of New
York at Buffalo, as well as a doctoral degree in higher education leadership from the University of Arkansas.
(
EDITOR, CHAPS. 20, 28, 43).
Aaron Steinfeld, Ph.D., is a systems scientist in the Robotics Institute (RI) at Carnegie Mellon University. He
received his B.S.E., M.S.E., and Ph.D. degrees in industrial and operations engineering from the University
of Michigan and completed a postdoctoral program at U.C. Berkeley. Dr. Steinfeld is the codirector of the
Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Accessible Public Transportation (RERC-APT) and the
area lead for transportation-related projects in the Quality of Life Technology Engineering Research Center
(QoLTERC). His research focuses on operator assistance under constraints, i.e., how to enable timely and
appropriate interaction when technology use is restricted through design, tasks, the environment, time pressures,
and/or user abilities. (
CHAP. 31)
Edward Steinfeld, D.Arch., AIA, is founding director of the Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental
Access (IDEA), professor of architecture at the University at Buffalo–State University of New York, and a
registered architect in New York State. Dr. Steinfeld’s research focus is universal design, human factors, and
social theory and design. He is widely published and has served as an expert accessibility consultant for the
World Bank, the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and
other agencies. His awards include a Distinguished Professor Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools
of Architecture, a National Endowment for the Arts Design Research Award, and two Progressive Architecture
Applied Research awards. Dr. Steinfeld completed his doctoral and postprofessional studies at the University of
Michigan and holds a professional degree in architecture from Carnegie Mellon University. (
CHAP. 19)
Molly Follette Story, Ph.D., is president of Human Spectrum Design and is an expert in universal design of
products and usability of medical instrumentation. Dr. Story coordinated and coauthored the Seven Principles of
Universal Design, coauthored The Universal Design File: Designing for People of All Ages and Abilities, and was
coeditor of Medical Instrumentation: Accessibility and Usability Considerations. She holds six utility patents and
has served as a consultant to companies including Kaiser Permanente, Sunrise Medical, Abbott Diabetes Care,
Inverness Medical, Midmark Corporation, Maytag Corporation, and MasterCard Worldwide. She has conducted
research at the University of California, Berkeley, North Carolina State University, and Western University of
Health Sciences. Dr. Story is a member of HFES, AAMI, RESNA, and AAMI’s Human Factors Engineering
Committee. She has been an invited speaker in the United States, Japan, Germany, and England and has served
as a juror for numerous design competitions. She has degrees from Princeton University (B.S.E.), Stanford
University (M.S.), and the University of California, Berkeley (M.S. and Ph.D.). (
CHAPS. 4, 32)
Susan S. Szenasy is editor-in-chief of the award-winning METROPOLIS magazine of architecture and design.
Since 1986, she has led the magazine in landmark design journalism, achieving domestic and international
recognition. Szenasy sits on the boards of the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, FIT Interior Design, the
Center for Architecture Advisory Board, and the Landscape Architecture Foundation, and she is internationally
recognized as an authority on sustainability. She has been honored with two IIDA Presidential Commendations,
is an honorary member of the American Society of Landscape Architects and the American Institute of
Architects, New York City, and was the 2008 recipient of the American Society of Interior Designers Patron’s
Prize and Presidential Commendation. Susan was a co-recipient of the 2007 Civitas August Heckscher Award for
Community Service and Excellence. She holds an M.A. in modern European history from Rutgers University and
honorary doctorates from Kendall College of Art and Design, the Art Center College of Design, and the Pacific
Northwest College of Art. (
CHAP. 2)
Beth Tauke is an associate professor in the School of Architecture and Planning at the University at Buffalo–
State University of New York. She directs university education activities for the Center for Inclusive Design
and Environmental Access (IDEA), is the director of the Universal Design International University Education
CONTRIBUTORS xv
Consortium, and one of the coeditors of Universal Design Education Online. In addition, she has published
many journal articles and book chapters and coedited the book Universal Design: New York. Professor Tauke’s
major awards include a National Institute for Architectural Education Award, the American Collegiate Schools
of Architecture Robert R. Taylor Award for Diversity in Design, the Lily Endowment Teaching Fellowship, a
National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) Universal Design Leadership Grant, an NEA Creation and Presentation
Grant, and the State University of New York Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching. (
CHAP. 27)
Margaret H. Teaford is an associate professor in the occupational therapy division at The Ohio State University
where she teaches courses in gerontology and universal design. Her research focuses on caregiving and home
modifications. Dr. Teaford earned her B.A. in history from Mount Holyoke College, M.S. in urban and regional
planning from the University of Wisconsin, and Ph.D. in human development and family science from The Ohio
State University. (
CHAP. 29)
Laura M. Terry is an associate professor in the Fay Jones School of Architecture at the University of Arkansas,
where she teaches courses in beginning architectural design and experimental drawing and directs the Camp
Aldersgate Design-Build Program. The program has been recognized in Dwell magazine in September 2006,
and the Tree House was number 20 on the Metropolitan Home Design 100 List in June 2008. She has raised
over $70,000 in grants and donations to support the program. She received a B.S. in environmental design from
Auburn University and an MFA in painting from the Savannah College of Art and Design. (
CHAP. 40)
Jennifer Webb, Ph.D., is an associate professor of interior design at the University of Arkansas. Her professional
work has been in the corporate and health care sectors, and this experience has directly influenced her teach-
ing and research efforts. Dr. Webb has written about the effects of the interior environment on human behavior,
particularly regarding older adults in congregate living settings. Her goal is to improve users’ health, safety, and
welfare in interior settings through teaching and research. (
CHAP. 43)
Brent T. Williams, Ph.D., certified rehabilitation counselor, is an associate professor and the program coordi-
nator for the Rehabilitation Education and Research Program at the University of Arkansas. In addition to his
research and teaching efforts, Dr. Williams has over two decades of experience serving the wider community
of persons with disabilities as a service provider, agency administrator, and board member. Dr. Williams has
authored journal articles and book chapters, and he has made presentations across a broad spectrum of subjects,
including disability and social justice, the role of not-for-profit community-based rehabilitation agencies, and the
societal and fiscal costs of noninclusion for persons with disabilities. (
CHAP. 43)
Leslie C. Young, director of design, R. L. Mace Universal Design Institute, is a professional designer, technical
writer, and specialist with a 25-year multidisciplinary background in accessible and universal design. She has
spent much of her career developing technical print and media materials translating law and regulation into
practical design solutions. Her career efforts have been focused on community and residential design, museums,
and state and federal accessibility compliance. She coauthored the Fair Housing Act Design Manual for the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development. After working 10 years at the North Carolina State University
Center for Universal Design, in 2008 she became the director of design at R. L. Mace Universal Design Institute,
a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the concept and practice of accessible and universal design in
housing, public-use buildings, and outdoor and urban environments. (
CHAP. 24)
Susan Zavotka is an associate professor in the Department of Consumer Sciences at The Ohio State University,
where she teaches courses in residential interior design and visual merchandising. Dr. Zavotka’s research focuses
on aging and design, particularly as they relate to the use of universal design features in residences. She is actively
involved in a universal design education community outreach program that provides workshops and home assess-
ments. Dr. Zavotka has earned a B.S. in home economics education, an M.S. in interior design, and a Ph.D. in
instructional design from The Ohio State University. (
CHAP. 29)
xvi
CONTRIBUTORS
xvii
FOREWORD
Imagine the first edition of the Universal Design Handbook like a small stone thrown into a pond.
As it struck, it spread its initial message, asking that we change our design focus to allow for the
full range of potential in every human being. Undergirded by concurrent regulations, this initial
phase raised designers’ consciousness and helped change our attitudes toward a more humane way
of planning.
After the initial splash, the movement rippled out, becoming not only accepted, but more integrated
with other areas of design far beyond its beginnings in the disability movement. Today, schools of
architecture, the design profession, and public policy reflect universal design principles. While far
from ideal, this point of view has found support in federal funding, research, and public policy as it
evolved from a segregated sensibility to the design mainstream.
As the circles spread, the subject enlarged to include social and scientific concerns relevant to our
environmentally challenged era. Today, conversations regarding universal design often incorporate ques-
tions of social justice, sustainability, and environmental matters: How equitable, or flexible, or intuitive or
perceptible, or tolerant of human frailty should any given solution be, so as not to disadvantage any user?
Levers, for example, allow a range of persons easy access to doorways, where gnarly or precious knobs,
handsome perhaps, but hard to manipulate, might unintentionally exclude a segment of the population.
Demographics insist that this generation of baby-boomers will live longer, posing questions
not only of accessibility on a hitherto unanticipated scale, but environmental questions that follow.
Lighting, acoustics, control systems, air quality—designers set the parameters that affect all these
areas, and all affect the total environment. Houses for this generation can be one-time throwaways,
or allow for aging in place, reducing our consumption of building materials and supplies and making
lesser demands on planet Earth.
As this second edition exhibits, the movement’s ripples have spread into an international concern,
with major economies engaged in the debate and discussion of universal design, whether in books
like this, on the Web, at university gatherings, chapter meetings, or conferences. Our challenge will
be to keep design concerns clearly focused and pragmatic enough to allow practical solutions for
the real world. This generation and the next must be able to articulate universal design tenets clearly
and articulately enough to share its pressing story. The ripples are expanding. Will they gain force
or dissipate in the face of obstacles?
Robert Ivy, FAIA
Vice President and Editorial Director,
McGraw-Hill Construction Media,
and Editor-in-Chief, Architectural Record
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xix
PREFACE
The first edition of the Universal Design Handbook was published in 2001. At the time, it was
greeted with great enthusiasm in countries around the world, and the publisher celebrated the release
by organizing a special exhibit at the Designing for the 21st Century Congress in Montreal, Canada.
The book was translated into Japanese and published by Maruzen in Tokyo in 2003.
This second edition of the Universal Design Handbook is a more user-friendly version of the
handbook. Seventeen new author groups were recruited for this edition.
The editor-in-chief for the first edition of the Universal Design Handbook was Wolfgang F. E.
Preiser and the senior editor was Elaine Ostroff. The book was dedicated to Ronald L. Mace, FAIA,
who had coined the term universal design in the mid-1980s. For the second edition, Korydon H.
Smith served as senior editor.
The second edition is organized as follows: Introduction; Part 1: Premises and Perspectives; Part 2:
Principles, Standards, and Guidelines; Part 3: International Perspectives; Part 4: Public Spaces,
Private Spaces, Products, and Technologies; Part 5: Education and Research; Part 6: The Past and
Future of Universal Design; and Part 7: Epilogue.
Contributors to this edition of the Universal Design Handbook come from many countries,
including the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, India, Israel,
and Brazil.
The second edition of the Universal Design Handbook includes updated chapters as well as new
chapters. For example, the growth and development of universal design in Japan are impressive, as
evidenced by their 2006 International Conference on Universal Design held in Kyoto. About 3500
attendees were registered for the conference sessions, and approximately 13,000 people visited the
exhibit, which showcased a strong dedication of Japanese industry to the concept of universal design.
This included automotive design, product design, and information technology, with industry giants
such as Sony and Panasonic being strongly represented. This example and others are highlighted in
Chap. 1 of this book, as well as throughout the second edition.
Like the first edition, the second edition of the Universal Design Handbook provides both new-
comers and experts with useful information on universal design to be incorporated into a variety of
teaching, research, and professional practice endeavors.