Preiser W., Smith K.H. Universal Design Handbook
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
UNIVERSAL
DESIGN
HANDBOOK
ABOUT THE EDITORS
WOLFGANG F. E. PREISER is Emeritus Professor of Architecture, University of
Cincinnati. As a researcher and an international building consultant, he has
worked on topics ranging from universal design to facility programming, building
performance assessments, health care facilities, and intercultural design. Preiser
has published 16 books and more than 125 chapters, articles, and conference
papers, and is the recipient of the Progressive Architecture Applied Research
Award and Citation and the Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA)
Career and Achievement Awards in 2007 and 2010.
K
ORYDON H. SMITH is Associate Professor in the Fay Jones School of Architecture
at the University of Arkansas. He teaches courses in architectural design and
theory, and has received numerous teaching awards. Smith’s scholarship focuses
on the physical and political roles of design in society, resulting in a wide variety
of publications and design works. He is actively involved in continuing education,
as well as the transformation of housing policy and design practices throughout
the United States.
UNIVERSAL
DESIGN
HANDBOOK
Wolfgang F. E. Preiser Editor-in- Chief
Korydon H. Smith Senior Editor
Second Edition
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid
Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul
Singapore Sydney Toronto
Copyright © 2011, 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States
Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a
database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-07-162922-5
MHID: 0-07-162922-X
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162923-2,
MHID: 0-07-162923-8.
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a
trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of
infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate
training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com.
Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) from sources believed
to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published
herein, and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this
information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are
not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate
professional should be sought.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the
work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and
retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works
based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior
consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your
right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR
WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED
FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA
HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements
or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else
for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has
no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or
its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or
inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall
apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction xxiii
Part 1 Premises and Perspectives
Chapter 1. Universal Design: An Evolving Paradigm Elaine Ostroff 1.3
Chapter 2. Toward Social, Economic, and Environmental Sustainability
Susan S. Szenasy 2.1
Chapter 3. Universal Design and the Majority World Singanapalli Balaram 3.1
Part 2 Principles, Standards, and Guidelines
Chapter 4. The Principles of Universal Design Molly Follette Story 4.3
Chapter 5. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities
John Mathiason 5.1
Chapter 6. U.S. Accessibility Codes and Standards: Challenges
for Universal Design
John P. S. Salmen 6.1
Chapter 7. The ADA and Accessibility: Interpretations in U.S. Courts
Sanjoy Mazumdar and Gilbert Geis 7.1
Chapter 8. Life Safety Standards and Guidelines Jake Pauls and Edwina Juillet 8.1
Chapter 9. The Universal Design Thesaurus: Creating a Descriptive
Language for Our Field
Richard Duncan, Barbara Brenny, and Hugh Kelsey 9.1
v
Part 3 International Perspectives
Chapter 10. Norway’s Planning Approach to Implement Universal Design
Olav Rand Bringa, Einar Lund, and Kristi Ringard 10.3
Chapter 11. The Impact of Aging on Japanese Accessibility Standards
Satoshi Kose 11.1
Chapter 12. The Evolution of Design for All in Public Buildings and
Transportation in France
Louis-Pierre Grosbois 12.1
Chapter 13. Manifestations of Universal Design in Germany
Ingrid Krauss 13.1
Chapter 14. Writing Poetry Rather Than Structuring Grammar:
Notes for the Development of Universal Design in Brazil
Marcelo Pinto Guimarães 14.1
Chapter 15. Accessible Design in Italy Assunta D’Innocenzo
and Annalisa Morini 15.1
Chapter 16. Planning Accessibility in the Old City of Jerusalem
Avi Ramot, Yael Danieli-Lahav, and Judith Bendel 16.1
Part 4 Public Spaces, Private Spaces, Products, and Technologies
SECTION 1 PUBLIC SPACES
Chapter 17. Creating an Accessible Public Realm
Sandra Manley 17.5
Chapter 18. A Capital Planning Approach to ADA Implementation in
Public Educational Institutions
John P. Petronis and Robert W. Robie 18.1
Chapter 19. Universal Design in Mass Transportation Edward Steinfeld 19.1
Chapter 20. Universal Design at the Urban Scale Wolfgang F. E. Preiser
and Korydon H. Smith 20.1
Chapter 21. Designing Inclusive Experiences Roger Coleman 21.1
Chapter 22. Outdoor Play Settings: An Inclusive Approach Susan Goltsman 22.1
Chapter 23. Office and Workplace Design James L. Mueller 23.1
vi
CONTENTS
SECTION 2 PRIVATE SPACES
Chapter 24. Universal Housing: A Critical Component of
a Sustainable Community
Leslie C. Young 24.3
Chapter 25. The Evolution of Universal Design in Housing in the
United States: Toward Visitability and Pattern Books
Jordana L. Maisel 25.1
Chapter 26. A Home for the Next 50 Years: Remodeling for
Aging Baby Boomers Demonstrates Universal Design in Arts and
Crafts Detailing
John P. S. Salmen 26.1
Chapter 27. The Sensory House Beth Tauke and David Schoell 27.1
Chapter 28. Diversity and Equality in Housing: Designing the
Arkansas Proto-House
Korydon H. Smith 28.1
SECTION 3 PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Chapter 29. Selling Builders and Remodelers on Universal Design
Margaret H. Teaford, Susan L. Zavotka, and Christine A. Price 29.3
Chapter 30. Universal Bathrooms Abir Mullick 30.1
Chapter 31. Universal Design of Automobiles Aaron Steinfeld 31.1
Chapter 32. Universal Design of Products Molly Follette Story and
James L. Mueller 32.1
Chapter 33. Accessibility of the World Wide Web: Technical and
Policy Perspectives
Judy Brewer 33.1
Chapter 34. Universal Design in Media Trisha O’Connell and Larry Goldberg 34.1
Chapter 35. Digital Content for Individuals with Print Disabilities
Charles Hitchcock 35.1
Part 5 Education and Research
Chapter 36. Inclusive Design Research Initiatives at the
Royal College of Art
Jeremy Myerson and Yanki Lee 36.3
Chapter 37. An International Web-Based Collection of
Universal Design Exemplars
Valerie Fletcher 37.1
CONTENTS vii
Chapter 38. Toward Universal Design Performance Assessments
Wolfgang F. E. Preiser 38.1
Chapter 39. Universal Design for Learning in the College Classroom
Margo Vreeburg Izzo, Steven W. Rissing, Christopher Andersen, Jack L. Nasar,
and L. Scott Lissner 39.1
Chapter 40. Camp Aldersgate: A New Model for Architectural Education
Laura M. Terry 40.1
Chapter 41. Are Retrofitted Wheelchair Entries Separate and Unequal?
Jack L. Nasar 41.1
Chapter 42. Guidepaths in Buildings Jon Christophersen and Karine Denizou 42.1
Chapter 43. Redefining Design and Disability: A Person-Environment
Fit Model
Jennifer Webb, Brent T. Williams, and Korydon H. Smith 43.1
Part 6 The Past and Future of Universal Design
Chapter 44. The Rhinoceros Syndrome: A Contrarian View
of Universal Design
Jim S. Sandhu 44.3
Part 7 Epilogue
Chapter 45. My Story Rosemarie Rossetti 45.3
Index I.1
viii
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
Christopher Andersen, who has a Ph.D. in developmental psychology from Columbia University, is director
of Project GRO (Project to Support Grants for Research Outreach), where he assisted in the development of the
proposal for Ohio’s STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) Ability Alliance, an NSF-funded
Alliance for STEM Students with Disabilities. He continues to work with OSAA (Ohio’s STEM Ability Alliance)
to integrate its efforts with those of STEM researchers at the university. He came to Ohio State as a faculty mem-
ber in the School of Teaching and Learning at the Newark campus. His research examines the development of
scientific reasoning in children and adults. (
CHAP. 39)
Singanapalli Balaram is an industrial designer, currently dean of D. J. Academy of Design, Coimbatore, India,
which he established. He is recipient of the Ron Mace Award for Universal Design and the Helen Keller Award
for lifetime contribution to Design for the Disabled. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Art. He established
the Craft Development Institute in Srinagar and the School of Art and Communication at CEPT University,
Ahmedabad. His many publications include Thinking Design and Design Quotes. For many years he worked
with the National Institute of Design, the premier design institute in India, as chair of education and of extension
programs. (
CHAP. 3)
Judith Bendel, who has a Ph.D. from the School of Special Education at the University of Pittsburgh, and is a
certified accessibility expert, built several databases related to people with disabilities, among them a compre-
hensive database on accessibility to tourist sites in Israel. Dr. Bendel also created a unique audit tool and decision
support system for evaluating accessibility and universal design of facilities. In addition, Dr. Bendel carries out
surveys and provides consulting for municipalities, public authorities, and other organizations, including health
services agencies. She is also engaged in several international research projects. (
CHAP. 16)
Barbara Brenny has been working with the creation and description of digital media for the past 10 years. For
the last four years, she has been at the Design Library at North Carolina State University Libraries where she
manages the Design Library Image Collection and performs conventional library duties as well. As part of her
work, Brenny has devised many methods for the description and classification of image-related media. She is an
active member of the Visual Resources Association (VRA), an organization dedicated to furthering research and
education in the field of image management within the educational, cultural heritage, and commercial environ-
ments. She has a master’s degree in library and information science from Dominican University in River Forest,
Illinois. (
CHAP. 9)
Judy Brewer directs the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). She
coordinates efforts to promote awareness and implementation of Web accessibility and to ensure effective dialog
among industry, the disability community, accessibility researchers, and government on development of consensus-
based accessibility solutions. She has overseen development of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines,
adopted by an increasing number of countries around the world, as well as guidelines for web authoring tools,
browsers, and media players. She holds a research appointment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and has a background in management, technical writing, education, applied linguistics, and disability advocacy.
(
CHAP. 33)
Olav Rand Bringa earned an M.Sc. in planning at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in
Trondheim. He has been employed in public and private enterprises in the fields of planning, construction, and
universal design. Bringa has written a number of books and articles, mainly on the subjects of accessibility and
universal design. He is now working for the Norwegian government in the development and coordination of
national action plans for universal design. (
CHAP. 10)
Jon Christophersen has worked as an architectural researcher at SINTEF Byggforsk (formerly the Norwegian
Building Research Institute) for a couple of decades. In addition to being a central figure in the universal design
field in Norway, he has authored numerous pub lications on hou sing qua lity, accessible hou sing, and special needs
housing. He has contributed to several books on inclusive design and has edited an internationally acclaimed
book on universal design education. He has presented numerous papers at international conferences and is a
frequent speaker and lecturer. Recent work includes articles on the history of universal design in Norway and
ix