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Введение
el^_e lyhs_hxjwagu_ (Sphenophyta, beb Equisetophyta), y ijhrehf jwaghhxjwaguc g_
lhevdh gw yb^hyhf, gh b gw jh^hyhf b k_f_ckly_gghf mjhygyo, gug_ ydexqw_l _^bgkly_g -
guc jh^ Equisetum. < g_f yu^_eyxl yk_zh hdheh 30 yb^hy, bklhjby dhlhjuo ijhke_‘byw_lky
k gwqwew f_ehyhzh i_jbh^w. d_dhlhju_ ba gbo, lwdb_ dwd Equisetum giganteum ba ljhibdhy,
^hklbzwxl 8 f y yukhlm b 4 kf y ^bwf_lj_. dh xhevrbgklyh yb^hy bf_xl g_xhevrb_ jwaf_ -
ju – ^h 30 kf y yukhlm b 0,5–2 kf y ^bwf_lj_. lyhsb yyeyxlky khkm^bklufb jwkl_gbyfb,
kihkhxgufb d ihehyhfm jwafgh‘_gbx ihkj_^klyhf kihj, hxjwamxsboky y kihjwgzbyo gw
dhgpwo kl_xe_c. < de_lhqguo kl_gdwo oyhs_c kh^_j‘wlky zjwgmeu dj_fg_a_fw, dhlhjuc hgb
wddmfmebjmxl ba ihqy_gghzh jwklyhjw, qlh ijb^w_l bo kl_xeyf ‘_kldhklv b y_jlbdwevgmx
mklhcqbyhklv.
lyhsb ba^wygw bkihevahywebkv y gwjh^ghc f_^bpbg_ dwd djhyhhklwgwyebywxs__ b fh -
q_zhggh_ kj_^klyh. d_dhlhju_ yb^u, gwijbf_j oyhs abfmxsbc (Equisetum hiemale), wib -
^_jfbk dhlhjuo hkhx_ggh xhzwl dj_fg_a_fhf, bkihevahywebkv ^ey ihebjhydb kl_g.
gwkijhkljwg_gu oyhsb ijwdlbq_kdb ih yk_fm a_fghfm rwjm – hl ljhibdhy ^h iheyjguo
rbjhl. tdhehzby bo lwd‘_ jwaghhxjwagw – hl awebluo yh^hc xhehl ^h kmobo i_kdhy b kdwev -
guo ihjh^ (jbk. 1).
Внешнее строение
<k_ khyj_f_ggu_ oyhsb yyeyxlky ljwyygbklufb fghzhe_lgbfb jwkl_gbyfb. egb bf_xl
ijyfhklhyqbc gw^a_fguc kl_x_ev, jwayblmx k_lv ih^a_fguo dhjg_ybs. hl_xeb b dhjg_yb -
sw jwkqe_g_gu gw maeu b f_‘^hmaeby, y kyyab k wlbf oyhs_hxjwaguo qwklh gwauywxl qe_ -
gbklhkl_x_evgufb (jbk. 2). <g_rg_ hgb hl^we_ggh gwihfbgwxl xwfxmd. jaeu kl_xe_c hd -
jm‘_gu j_^mpbjhywggufb q_rm_yb^gufb ebklvyfb, dhlhju_ gwauywxlky fbdjhnbeewfb,
b fmlhydwfb y_ly_c (jbk. 3). bbklvy g_ g_kml nhlhkbgl_lbq_kdhc nmgdpbb b bf_xl xmjuc
py_l. Awlh de_ldb kl_xey b y_lhq_d xhzwlu oehjhnbeehf. hl_xeb bf_xl fhghih^bwevgh_
y_lye_gb_, hgb iheu_ ygmljb. dw y_jomrd_ kl_xey oyhsw hxjwamxlky kihjhghkgu_ hjzwgu
– kljhxbeu (jbk. 4). dw^a_fgu_ ihx_zb oyhs_c hlfbjwxl gw abfm. e^gwdh kj_^b oyhs_c
FBJ O<HS?C