Polaina J., MacCabe A.P. (ed.). Industrial Enzymes. Structure, Function and Applications
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628 SUBJECT INDEX
Polymethylgalacturonase, 100, 101, 105
Polymorphism screening, 393
Polyol, 229, 590
Polyphenol, 462, 473
Polyphenol oxidase, 461
Polypropylene, 320–322
Polypyrrole (PPy), 451
Polysaccharide, 19, 22, 24, 35, 36, 43–46, 65, 66,
73, 74, 83, 91, 99, 100, 108, 117, 130, 134,
135, 142, 146, 188, 443, 450, 477, 509
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 269, 283, 342
Poncirin, 123, 124
Porphyrin, 446, 483
Porphyrin cation radical, 483
Post-transcriptional gene-silencing, 421, 430, 431
Post-translational modification, 171, 267,
567, 588
Post-translational proteolytic processing, 161
Potato sprouts, 131
p-phenylene diamine, 462
Prebiotic, 148, 150, 151
Precursor, 68, 76, 117, 122, 132–135, 166, 167,
172, 182, 198, 210, 214, 232–234, 236, 308,
423, 424, 473, 489, 498, 583, 585, 603, 604
Pre-miRNAs, 423, 424, 430,433
Preproenzyme, 208, 232
Pressure, 102, 201, 208, 229, 246, 256, 269, 319,
336, 347–349, 588
Primary alcohol, 269, 327, 328, 346, 443, 444
Primary amine, 308, 309, 533, 567, 568, 577
Primary cleavage sites, 231
Primary structure, 4, 70, 125, 126, 208, 212, 228,
236, 536
Primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs), 423, 424, 434
Primer annealing, 390, 398
Primer design, 391, 393
Primer-dimers, 389
Primer-extension, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 202,
397, 398
Primers, 366, 379, 383–385, 387–398, 404, 410,
413, 414, 416
Pro, 6, 200, 223, 245–248, 250, 252
Processivity, 379, 380
Prochiral, 269, 273, 301, 303, 304, 307
Pro-domain, 199
Production of esters, 283–300
Production systems, 520
Productivity, 36, 37, 604
Proenzyme, 208, 211, 215
Programmed cell death, 181, 570
Prokaryotes, 163, 249, 408, 414, 426, 461, 532
Prolidase, 248, 252
Proline, 38, 245, 247–249, 256
Proline-rich region, 422
Proline-specific peptidase, 246, 247, 253, 256
Prolyl aminopeptidase, 245, 247, 253, 254
Promiscuity, 275, 311
Promoter, 368, 369, 409, 433, 434, 484, 521,
536, 588, 589, 604
Proofreading, 379, 383, 386, 388, 392, 397
Propeptide, 571
Pro-peptide, 182, 211, 232
Properase, 202, 203
Prophage, 409, 410
Propylacetate, 346
Prosegment, 208, 210, 212–215
Prosequence, 232
PROSITE, 270
Prostate transglutaminase, 569
Prosthetic, 204, 449, 532
Protease, 38, 55, 58, 68, 85, 162, 181–195,
197–199, 201, 203–205, 207–219, 221–225,
227, 228, 230–232, 235, 245, 246, 270, 307,
498, 506, 520, 521, 532, 560, 586
Protease resistance, 520
Protease stabilisation, 231
Protein aggregates, 69
Protein engineering, 23, 25, 36, 200
Protein hydrolysate, 164, 187, 235, 256
Protein kinases, 236, 268, 432
Protein network, 574, 575
Protein purification, 37, 590, 602
Protein radical, 482, 483
Protein refolding, 603
Protein sequencing, 162–164
Protein stabilisation, 230
Proteinaceous substrate, 229
Protein-primed DNA amplification, 388
Protein-protein interactions, 45, 382, 422, 424
Proteolytic activity, 185, 191, 207, 210, 211,
213–216, 254, 574
Proteolytic cleavage, 38, 182, 568
Proteolytic processing, 161, 223, 585
Protin PC10F, 232
Proton abstraction, 108
Protopectin, 99, 100
Protoplasts, 76, 111, 163
Proximal histidine, 481
Prunin, 131
Prussian Blue (PB), 448
Pseudolysin, 224, 235
Psychrophile, 489, 507, 551, 561
Psychrophilic, 201, 202
Puff pastry, 575
Pullulan, 23
Pullulanase, 4, 5, 23, 25
SUBJECT INDEX 629
Pulp, 57, 58, 76, 78, 83, 110, 453, 470, 483,
484, 518
Pulp and paper industry, 52, 78, 470, 478, 518
Pulping, 78
Pulp-kraft bleaching, 470, 471
Pumpernickel, 32
Purafect, 202, 203
Putrefactive bacteria, 150
Putrescine, 576
Pyranose, 2-oxidase, 469
Pyrethroid, 599
Pyrimidine, 312, 371, 599
Pyrolytic graphite electrode, 452
Pyruvate, 100
Quality, 31, 53, 56, 59, 76, 102, 111, 133, 182,
212, 272, 350, 396, 397, 453, 473, 574
Quality enhancement, 118, 131
Quantification of gene expression, 393
Quantitative PCR, 392
Quantum-modelling, 312
Quaternary structure, 9, 126, 252, 490, 496, 497
Quercitrin, 122–125, 135
R2D2 429
Racemase, 604
Racemic, 294, 295, 303, 304, 307, 309, 310, 498,
499, 583, 592
Racemic alcohols, 294, 301
Racemic D,L-5-monosubstituted hydantoins, 604
Random mutagenesis, 200, 201, 265, 272, 275,
370, 396, 501, 560, 587
Rapeseed oil, 135, 322, 323, 326, 334
Rate-determining step, 604
Rational design, 230, 231, 273, 519, 605
Rational engineering, 275, 501
Rational protein design, 275
RBst DNA polymerase, 386, 388, 397
Reaction engineering, 274
Reaction mechanism, 4, 8, 106, 142, 251, 461,
463, 468, 490, 491, 537, 539–541, 544, 586
Reaction rate, 20, 22, 26, 91, 147, 233, 234, 289,
293, 294, 318, 329, 330, 333, 347, 349,
572, 590
Reactor, 33, 135, 318, 319, 325–327, 332,
334–336, 349, 350, 450–452, 498, 543
Real-time PCR, 392
Recombinant, 40, 76, 119, 121, 133, 136,
162–164, 203, 208, 211–214, 257, 265, 267,
275, 368, 379, 388, 389, 425, 433, 445, 446,
453, 469, 482, 498, 520, 521, 569, 576, 602,
604, 605
Recombinant DNA, 368
Recombinant DNA technology, 199, 207, 588
Recombinant MTG, 569
Recombinant polymerase, 379
Recombinant wine yeast, 133
Recombination, 200, 201, 359, 360, 362, 369,
372, 379, 408
Recycled, 78, 305
Red star thistle, 213
Redox mediator, 471, 478, 484
Redox potential, 448, 464, 466, 470, 477–484
Reducing substrate, 462, 464, 468, 482
Reducing sugar, 39, 100–102
Reductive catabolism, 599
Reductive half-reaction, 442, 445
Redundancy, 130, 191, 370
Refining, 78, 186, 189, 324
Regioselective acylation, 269, 312
Regioselectivity, 147, 268, 269
Regulation, 68, 162, 212, 223, 244, 246, 247,
266, 268, 270–272, 382, 423, 433, 490, 501,
536, 543, 571, 585
Regulation of gene expression, 223, 266
Renal calculi, 517
Rennet, 161, 207, 211, 216
Rennin, 214
Repeated DNA, 414
Resolution, 12, 151, 205, 269, 273, 275,
293–295, 301–311, 365, 427, 482, 534, 554,
583, 592, 601
Response surface methodology (RSM), 294
Restaurant grease, 324, 327, 328, 335
Resting state, 446, 463, 479
Restriction, 357–377, 392, 393, 520
Restriction endonuclease (REase), 357, 393
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis (REA), 365
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
(RFLP), 366
Restriction fragments, 366, 392, 393
Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning
(RLGS), 366, 367
Restriction Site Mutation (RSM), 366, 368
Restructured meat products, 574
Retaining glycosidase, 142, 144–147
Retaining mechanism, 4, 11, 14, 43, 74
Retention 41, 73, 142, 147
Retort cooking, 575
Retroelement, 403, 404, 408, 409, 414, 415
Retrogradation, 25, 32
Retrohoming, 362, 408, 416
Retron, 404, 408–411, 413, 414, 417
Retrotransposition, 405, 407, 408
Retrotransposon, 404
630 SUBJECT INDEX
Retting, 59, 110
Reverse hydrolysis, 142–144
Reverse micelles, 293, 294, 589
Reverse protonation mechanism, 227
Reverse reaction, 24, 26, 91, 143, 493, 499,
587, 591
Reverse splicing, 361, 368, 408
Reverse transcriptase, 362, 369, 403–420
Reverse transcription, 362, 403, 408, 413,
415, 416
Reversion, 78, 349, 371
RHA, 118, 119, 124–126, 130, 131, 133–136
Rhamnogalacturonan, 89, 100
Rhamnogalaturonase, 105
Rhamnolipid, 117, 135
Rhamnopyranoside, 119, 124, 133
Rhamnose, 66, 99, 100, 117, 119–125,
130–135, 589
Rhamnosidase, 117–140
Rheological properties, 32, 132, 134, 573
Rho family, 569
Rhodinised carbon electrode, 450
Rhodymenan, 73
Ribonuclease, 422, 424
Ribonucleoprotein, 362, 406, 421
Ribosomal RNAs, 422
Ribozyme, 362, 405–408
Rice bran oil, 324, 327, 328, 330, 334
Ripening, 31, 100, 188, 211, 214, 235, 256
RISC loading complex (RLC), 429
RNA, 182, 359, 362, 369, 379, 383, 384, 389,
404–408, 410–414, 416, 422, 423, 425–430,
432–434
RNA duplexes, 423, 429, 433
RNA helicase, 425, 426, 428
RNA interference (RNAi), 421, 424, 426, 428,
431–434
RNA pol III promoters, 433
RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs),
424–426, 428–430, 433
RNase, 364, 411, 414, 416, 421–423, 425–249
Robinin, 123–125
Rolling circle amplification, 388
Rossman fold, 490
Rotating drum washer, 53
RRNA fragmentation, 422
RT-PCR, 404, 416
RTth DNA polymerase, 386, 388, 396
Rumen, 67, 68, 75, 85, 507, 508, 513, 521
Ruscin, 134
Ruscoside, 134
Russian Tsar, 396
Ruthenium red, 101
Rutin, 122–125, 135
Rutinoside, 133
Rye, 32, 76, 508
Saccharification, 23–28, 35, 111
S-acyl, 182
S-adenosylmethionine, 358
Salmonella infection, 519
Salt, 182, 233, 234, 275, 276, 290, 490, 495, 536,
574, 590
Salt bridge, 492, 493, 519, 602
Sanitizing, 452
Saponin, 117, 119, 124, 125, 130, 134
Saposin-like protein, 212
Satellite DNA, 409–412
Saturation mutagenesis, 277
Sausage, 188, 235, 574, 575
Savinase, 202
Scaffoldin, 42–45
Scaffolding protein, 44, 49
Scar tissue, 191, 576
Schechter & Berger nomenclature, 166, 182, 228
Scissile bond, 108, 165–167, 198, 227, 271
Screen printing thick-film technique, 448
Screening, 118, 119, 125, 200, 230, 275,
370–372, 392, 404, 471, 501, 519, 520,
532–534, 544, 576, 587, 599
Sea food, 186, 187
Seaweed, 66
Secondary metabolite, 117
Secondary structure, 8, 125, 208, 386, 389, 391,
395, 396, 398, 406, 411, 413, 416, 572,
573, 585
Secreted, 232, 243, 254, 265, 271, 445, 461, 471,
477, 503, 569, 588
Secretion, 31, 267, 520, 521
Seed, 59, 322, 324, 326, 517, 519, 521, 589
Seed-coat, 59
Self-assembled monolayer, 448
Selfish genetic elements, 359
Self-splicing, 359, 404–408
Semi-synthetic, 85, 583, 603
Sensors, 291, 448–450
Sensory properties, 133
Sequenase, 386, 388
Ser, 90, 146, 165, 198, 208, 212, 248, 249, 253,
270, 539, 540, 555, 556, 558
Serine, 38, 162, 165–168, 175, 176, 197, 198,
200, 203–26, 216, 227, 245, 248, 253, 268,
270, 271, 288, 290, 294, 311, 312, 343, 344,
422, 493, 495, 539, 586, 587
Serine peptidase, 163, 165–167, 243, 244, 249,
250, 253
SUBJECT INDEX 631
Serum lipids, 517
Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), 433, 434
Short-chain fatty acid, 284, 341, 342
Shrink resistance, 577
Side effects, 521
Signal peptidase, 165, 167, 174
Signal peptide, 68, 129, 167, 173, 182, 208, 210,
212, 484, 520, 521, 585
Silk, 186, 189
Silkworm larvae, 521
Similarity, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 41, 45, 70, 105, 108,
126, 175, 176, 211, 214, 249, 253, 269, 270,
344, 363, 411, 442, 490, 506, 508, 569,
600–602
Simple-stomached animal, 505, 516
Sinapinic acids, 86, 91, 92
Single-stranded DNA binding, 383
Single-use sensor strip, 449
SiRNAs, 424, 426, 428–433
Site-directed, 151
Site-directed mutagenesis, 5, 105, 106, 126, 142,
201, 203, 204, 215, 228, 273, 274, 368, 394,
464, 481, 482, 484, 510, 511, 520, 540,
554, 560
Site-selective, 204
Site-specific, 359, 369, 408, 415, 416, 491, 494,
496, 497
Site-specific immobilization, 231
Site-specific mutant, 148, 275, 272
Skin, 58, 161, 190, 191, 473, 577
Skin pathology, 577
Slaughter, 188, 236
Slaughterhouse waste, 189
SLH module, 44
SLYPS-II, 382
Small RNAs, 421
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 37
Soaking, 161, 431, 508
Soap, 318, 336
Sodom apple, 213
Soft sweets, 188
Softener, 200
Softwood, 65, 66, 83
Soil, 119, 130, 275, 468, 507, 543
Sol-gel film, 448
Solid state fermentation, 520
Solid-to-solid synthesis, 233
Solubility, 28, 31, 58, 119, 143, 150, 187, 229,
264, 267, 291, 301, 32, 349–351, 471, 536,
588, 590, 592, 602, 603, 605
Solvent polarity, 289
Solvent-free, 319, 320, 235–330
Sonication, 603
Soy globulin, 575
Soy hydrolysate, 235
Soybean, 10, 24, 322, 324, 326, 335, 508, 514,
517, 518, 521, 522, 575
Soybean oil, 322, 325, 326, 333–335
Soybean product, 575
Sparkling clear juice, 111
Species variant, 170
Spectrographic graphite electrode, 452
SpeedSTAR
TM
HS DNA polymerase, 387
Sphingan, 130
Splicing, 362, 364, 369, 372, 404–408, 411
Stabilizer, 19, 29, 151
Starch, 3.8. 19–33, 36, 46, 53, 69, 121, 142,
146–150, 450, 517
Starch degrading enzymes, 20, 30, 36
Starch gelatinization, 22, 32
Starch granule, 19, 22, 24–26
Starch hydrolysis, 20, 22, 24–26
Starch liquefaction, 27, 31
Starch processing, 19–34, 148
Starch retrogradation, 32
Starch saccharification, 23, 24, 28
Starch slurry, 26, 27, 30
Starch-binding domain, 11
Stem bromelain, 163, 184, 185, 189
Stereochemistry gate loops, 601
Stereodiagram, 601
Stereopreference, 273, 277
Stereoselectivity, 204, 269, 539, 542, 600
Stereospecific, 141, 256, 443, 490, 498, 507
Stereospecificity, 142, 204, 232, 275, 505
Steric, 92, 150, 427, 496
Steric hindrance, 73, 125, 288, 347, 427, 470, 496
Stirred reactor, 452
Stomach, 161, 207, 210, 211, 267, 519, 520, 583
Stopped-flow injection analyser (SFIA), 452
Strength, 52–59, 78, 143, 167, 345, 346, 453,
574, 575, 577
Stress, 213, 250, 570, 574
Structural architecture, 270
Structural change, 571
Structural conformation, 380
Structured health lipid, 295
Structured lipid, 341–354
Structure-function relationship, 104, 105,
199, 396
Subsite, 38, 72, 91, 106, 108, 166, 229
Substituent, 67, 73, 75, 84, 86, 91, 273, 499, 601
Substitution, 6, 8, 66, 73, 86, 89, 140, 175, 200,
201, 210, 229, 274, 275, 369–371, 414, 415,
553, 554, 560, 601
Substrate affinity, 289
632 SUBJECT INDEX
Substrate binding cleft, 20, 109
Substrate binding domain, 70, 512
Substrate binding pocket, 204, 228, 229, 252,
273, 496, 513, 601
Substrate binding site, 20, 22, 46, 90, 105, 106,
109, 272, 273, 481, 497, 552, 601
Substrate phase surface, 343
Substrate pocket, 182
Substrate recognition, 107, 109, 490, 602
Substrate sequestration, 568
Substrate specificities, 20, 22, 25, 70, 73, 86,
108, 109, 119, 122, 126, 130, 165, 170, 171,
202–204, 228, 229, 235, 244, 249, 251, 266,
274, 346, 443, 450, 469, 484, 490, 495,
497–499, 508, 510, 511, 513, 515, 519, 532,
538, 549, 568, 569, 583, 587, 599–602
Subtilisin, 164–166, 197–206, 253, 286, 293, 560
Succinonitrile, 543
Sucrose, 9, 25, 29, 142, 146, 147, 150–152, 229,
235, 286, 328, 450, 589
Sugar, 20, 25, 30–32, 35, 36, 39, 46, 76, 83, 84,
86, 91, 92, 100–102, 110, 130, 131, 133,
134, 141–146, 149, 229, 267, 289, 294, 312,
442, 473, 498
Sugar alcohols, 149, 286
Sugar beet, 473
Sugar chain, 131, 267
Sugar phosphates, 142
Sulfhydryl reagent, 462
Sunflower oil, 319, 320, 324, 334
Supercritical fluid, 319, 340, 346, 347
Superfamily, 70, 85, 108, 253, 270, 363–365,
372, 421–424, 427, 513, 532, 536, 554, 557,
558, 586, 601
Superoxide, 450
Support, 26, 189, 273, 319–322, 330, 331, 334,
348, 349, 590, 591
SurePRIME
TM
DNA polymerase, 387, 388, 397
Surface hydrolysis, 55
Surfactant, 51, 56, 58, 76, 203, 285, 286, 288,
290, 318
Surfactant esters, 285
Surfactantless, 92
Surimi, 30, 186, 188, 574, 575
Suspension-to-suspension approach, 235
Sweetener, 20, 25, 28, 29, 76, 132–134, 186, 232,
286, 288, 498, 560, 592
Sweetness, 25, 28, 29, 150
SwissProt, 161, 224
Symbiosis, 128
Syneresis, 574
Synergism, 39, 40, 67
Syringaldizine, 462, 470
Syringate, 89, 90
Syrup, 19, 20, 24–30, 152, 500
T vector, 384
T4 DNA polymerase, 384, 385
tac promoter, 604
Taka-amylase, 8
Tanning, 186, 189
Taq polymerase, 384, 388, 391
Targetron, 369, 416
Taste, 25, 31, 32, 164, 187, 212, 232, 235, 256
Tea fermentation, 110, 111
Technology, 51, 131, 199, 203, 207, 393, 394,
398, 431, 434, 446, 588, 589
Telomerase, 403, 404
Telomere, 403
Temperature optimum, 185, 187, 201, 202, 265,
266, 331, 507
Temperature–dependence, 493, 586
Template, 41, 236, 366, 368, 379, 380, 383, 384,
387–392, 396–398, 410, 411, 413–416
Tenderize, 161
Tenderness, 187
Termamyl®, 27
Terminal plug, 468
Terminal transferase, 384–386, 388, 396, 397
Ternary, 92, 106, 107
Terpene diols, 133
Terpenols, 133
Terpenyl glycosides, 117
tert-butanol, 143, 306, 332, 333
Tertiary, 304
Tertiary structure, 37, 70, 198, 209, 214, 244,
251, 272
Tetracycline-responsive promoter, 434
Tetrahedral, 538, 587
Tetrahedral intermediate, 198, 227, 271, 537,
538, 541
Textile, 24, 37, 51–58, 75, 186, 453, 454, 577
Textile industry, 37, 51–63, 189, 192, 441,
453, 567
Textile processing, 51, 52
Textural properties, 575
Texture, 29, 52, 104, 188, 211, 213, 574, 575
The Iliad, 161
Therapeutic agents, 191, 577
Therapeutic targets, 567
Thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL-)
PCR, 393
Thermal cycler, 390
Thermal stability, 102, 199, 214, 215, 229, 290,
447, 590
SUBJECT INDEX 633
Thermitase, 200
Thermoase, 231
Thermodynamic asymmetry, 429
Thermodynamically controlled reaction, 143, 145
Thermodynamically controlled synthesis,
142, 232
Thermolabile substrate, 235
Thermolysin, 166, 222–225, 227–236, 251
Thermolysin-like protease, 224, 230
Thermophile, 23, 24, 28, 103, 389, 417, 491
Thermophilic, 12, 23, 26, 29, 69, 89, 119, 125,
198, 200, 201, 202, 223, 230, 231, 380, 388,
398, 416, 417, 491, 506, 518, 519, 551,
555, 561
Thermoregulation, 585
Thermoresistant, 380
Thermostabilisation, 590
Thermostability, 22, 27, 28, 52, 200–202, 230,
276, 290, 490–494, 506, 512, 519, 544,
560–562, 590, 591, 601, 602, 605
Thermostabilizing, 69
Thermostable, 23, 29, 102, 143, 198, 226, 230,
257, 358, 389, 397, 494, 497, 511, 512, 519,
561, 590, 601
Thermostable -amylase, 22, 23, 26, 28, 32, 33
Thermostable enzyme, 28, 30, 231, 384, 398, 556
Thermotolerance, 518
Thickener, 19, 25, 132
Thimet oligopeptidase, 167, 222
Thin-layer enzyme cell, 452
Thiobarbituric acid, 102
Thiocyanide, 462
Thioimidate intermediate, 538
Thioredoxin, 388, 602
Thr, 208, 212, 248, 556
Three-dimensional structure, 4, 5, 7–10, 12, 13,
70–72, 85, 104, 126, 148, 151, 170, 183,
203, 210, 253, 264, 270, 539, 601
Threonine, 38, 162, 168, 175, 176, 216, 492, 493,
496, 539, 586
Threonine peptidase, 165, 166
Thumb, 380, 382, 407, 408, 410, 411
Thylakoids, 570
TIM-barrel, 3, 4, 8, 11, 13, 41, 70, 601
Tissue adhesive, 576
Tissue transglutaminase, 569, 571, 576
Tissue-specific promoter, 434
Tli polymerase, 380, 388
Tobacco etch virus, 162, 163
Tofu, 575
Tolyl esters, 285
Tomato, 102, 104, 250, 543
Torsion angle, 270
Total cholesterol, 451
Total D-glucose ( +, 450
Totally chlorine free, 78, 483
Touchdown PCR, 392
Trace elements, 517
Tranexamic acid, 542
Trans-activating response RNA-binding protein
(TRBP), 430, 431
Transacylation, 587
Transamidating activity, 568
Transcription, 223, 362, 364, 403, 408, 413, 415,
416, 421, 432, 536, 588
Transcriptional gene-silencing, 421, 422
Transcripts, 403, 406, 411, 413, 417, 423,
433, 434
Transducer, 448, 451
Trans-elimination, 103
Transesterification, 92, 262, 283, 288, 292, 295,
301–307, 317, 319, 323, 324, 328, 329, 333,
335, 336, 341, 343, 345, 349–351
Transfection, 432, 433
Transfer RNAs, 422
Transferase, 384–386, 388, 396, 397
Transferase to hydrolysis ratio, 151
Transferase/hydrolase ratio, 144, 149
Transformation, 275, 384, 469, 521, 541, 542
Transfructosidase, 147, 150, 151
Transfructosylation, 151
Transgene phytase plants, 521
Transglucosidase, 147, 148
Transglucosylation, 30, 148–150
Transglutaminase, 567–581
Transglycosidase, 141–157
Transglycosylation, 144–146, 149
Transition, 30, 251, 264, 273, 403, 442, 506
Transition state, 4, 149, 151, 198, 227, 228, 264,
273, 321, 349, 382, 587
Transition state stabilisation, 6
Translation, 125, 126, 384, 417, 423, 429,
432, 588
Transposable elements, 391
Transposon, 359, 403, 405, 408
Transxylosidase, 74, 76
Trehalose, 5, 25, 29, 30, 229, 590
Trehalose synthase, 5, 30
Triacetate cellulose membrane, 450
Triacylglycerols, 263, 269, 272, 324,
341–343, 350
Trichlorophenols, 471
Triglyceride, 267, 269, 271, 274, 283, 285, 318,
319, 322–325, 328–330, 333, 334, 336, 343,
346, 349
Trinuclear cluster, 464–466, 468, 470
634 SUBJECT INDEX
Triosephosphate isomerase, 8, 10
Tripeptidase, 170, 243, 244, 248
Tripeptide, 169, 170, 243, 245, 247, 248,
466, 468
Trisaccharides, 141, 150, 152
Triterpenoid, 117, 134
Trp, 6, 171, 248
Trypsin, 164, 253, 560
Tryptophan, 109, 481, 482
Tryptophanyl radical, 480, 482, 483
Tuberculosis, 394
Tumorigenesis, 517
Tumour, 190, 191, 236
Tumour growth, 236, 247, 256, 577
Turanose, 150
Tween, 266
Two-electron acceptors, 442
Two-metal-ion mechanism, 382
Type inhibitor, 171, 175, 587
Type peptidase, 171, 175, 252
Tyr, 39, 148, 229, 245, 248, 444, 445, 447, 558,
560, 571
Tyrosinase, 462, 500, 507
Tyrosine, 191, 444, 462, 470, 471, 495, 497, 500,
513, 515, 551, 558
Ubiquitinyl hydrolase, 168
UDP-glucosyltransferase, 141
Ultrasound, 102
Unbiased whole genome amplification, 387
Unfolding region, 230, 231
Uracil DNA glycosylase, 391
Urea, 499, 539
Urease, 499
Uronic, 83, 108
Use of lipases, 269, 277, 283–289, 301–315,
317–339, 341–354
Vacuole, 213, 519, 521
Val, 184, 185, 227
Valine, 489, 495–498
Valine dehydrogenase, 489
Vanillate, 89, 90
Variant, 41, 54, 142, 163, 170, 171, 200, 201,
232, 275, 360, 370–372, 409, 414, 415
Varietal aroma, 133
Vegetable, 110, 187, 317, 323, 24, 329, 350
Venous insufficiency, 134
Veratryl alcohol, 464, 469, 478, 480–483
Versatile peroxidase (VP), 478–483
Vimelysin, 229, 234
Vinyl glycoside, 145
Viral hepatitis, 394
Viral meningitis, 394
Viral vectors, 433
Virulence, 100, 117, 191, 208, 265, 468, 569
Viscoelastic properties, 575
Viscose, 55, 57
Viscosity, 22, 24–28, 33, 76, 10–102, 134, 186,
188, 189, 317, 323, 347, 349, 574, 575, 590
Viscosity reduction, 101, 102
Vitamin, 149
Wash-fastness, 577
Waste bleaching earth, 324
Wastewater, 53, 110, 453, 471, 531, 543
Water activity, 30, 143, 272, 291, 292, 330, 334,
348, 350, 495
Water binder, 19
Water content, 92, 288, 290, 294, 319, 324, 330,
335, 347, 348
Water layer, 291
Water-holding, 32, 574
Water-miscible organic solvent, 233
Waxes, 58
Waxy corn starch, 19
Wettability, 58, 577
Wheat, 19, 24, 76, 187, 235, 453, 508, 516, 517,
519–521
Wheat flour, 575
Wheat gluten, 576
Wheat starch, 25
Whey, 164, 187, 575
Whey hydrolysate, 186
Whey protein, 187, 574
White-rot fungi, 471, 477–479
Whole wheat bread, 517
Winch-dyer, 57
Wine, 76, 111, 119, 132, 133, 452, 453, 473
Wine yeast, 133
Winemaking, 119, 133, 453
Wood, 57, 78, 110, 453, 469, 477, 479
Wood industry, 453
Wood preservation, 110
Wool, 186, 189, 190, 577
Wool textiles, 577
Wort, 187, 473
Wort filterability, 76
Wrinkles, 577
Xenobiotics, 470, 471
Xeroderma pigmentosum, 379
X-ray, 27, 210, 272, 273, 538, 539, 554–556, 571
X-ray analysis, 210, 272
SUBJECT INDEX 635
X-ray crystallography, 40, 182, 204, 426,
490, 514
X-ray diffraction, 480, 481
Xylan, 46, 65–69, 71–76, 78, 83–85, 91, 483
Xylan binding domain, 85
Xylanase, 68, 71–73, 76, 78, 91, 453, 518
Xylanosome, 69
Xylitol, 76
Xylobiose, 66–68, 74, 91
Xyloglucan, 65, 84
Xylooligomer, 66, 67, 75
Xylooligosaccharide, 67, 68, 71–74, 85
Xylopyranose, 72
Xylose, 29, 36, 66, 67, 72, 74–76, 83, 84, 91
Yeast, 11, 20, 31, 32, 76, 90, 101, 118, 133, 151,
208, 210, 211, 213, 249, 253, 266, 359, 381,
383, 404, 422, 428, 446, 473, 479, 505, 506,
520, 583
Yeast artificial chromosome YAC, 393
Yellowing, 78
Yoghurt, 574
Zinc, 165, 172, 221–223, 226, 227, 229, 251,
514, 517, 518
Zinc binding, 166, 221
Zinc coordination, 226
Zinc ligand, 172, 222, 224
Zinc-finger domain, 383
Zinc-metallo aminopeptidase, 249
Zymogen, 569–571
ORGANISM INDEX
Absidia, 125
Absidia sp., 119, 120, 122
Acer pseudoplatanus, 461
Acetivibrio cellulolyticus, 44, 45
Achromobacter xylosoxidans, 588, 590
A. lyticus, 223
Acidovorax facilis, 542
Acinetobacter, 265, 276, 534
Acremonium, 118, 446
Acremonium sp., 54, 542
Aeromonas,68
Aesculus parviflora, 461
Agrobacterium tumifaciens, 539
Agrobacterium radiobacter, 543, 602, 604
Alcaligenes sp., 265, 295, 446
Alcaligenes faecalis, 584
Amylocota, 103
Anacardiaceae, 461
Ananas comosus, 184
Aquifex aeolicus, 426, 462
Arabidopsis, 570
A. thaliana, 10, 250, 535, 536
Arthrobacter aurescens, 602, 604
Arthrobacter, 30, 534
A. viscosus, 584, 588
Arxula adeninivorans, 506
Ascaris, 210
Aspergillus, 11, 24, 68, 100, 101, 118, 119,
125, 151, 441, 446, 452, 469, 520, 534
Aspergillus aculeatus, 104, 105, 120, 122,
125–129, 133, 134
Aspergillus sp., 265
A. awamori, 10, 11, 87, 90, 151
A. flavus, 100, 222
A. fumaricus, 442
A. fumigatus, 125, 222, 506, 519–521
A. nidulans, 119, 120, 122, 125
A. niger, 11, 32, 38, 84, 87, 89, 90, 101–106, 109,
119, 120, 122, 150, 208, 210, 284, 285, 441,
442, 453, 506, 507, 509–511, 515, 518–521
A. niger var. awamori, 208
A. oryze, 256
A. sojae, 256
A. tubingensis, 87, 90
A. terreus, 119, 120, 122, 506
Ascomycete, 461, 465, 468
Astacus astacus, 222
Aureobasidium pullulans, 87, 89, 102, 150
Auricularia polytricha, 445
Axospirillum lipoferum, 461
Azospirillum irakense, 108
Bacilli, 197, 224
Bacillus, 164, 202, 230, 232, 265, 266, 274, 446,
454, 507, 512, 515, 521, 551, 555–559, 561,
569, 588
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 203, 224, 511
Bacillus sp., 119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 129, 130,
232, 266, 512, 515, 536, 551, 555–559,
561–569, 588
B. acidopullulyticus,23
B. alcalophilus, 203
B. aminogenes, 561
B. amylosacchariticus, 224
B. anthracis, 222
B. badius, 495, 497, 500
B. brevis, 224
B. caldolyticus, 224, 225
B. cereus, 10, 223–225, 228, 495
B. circulans, 602
B. halodurans, 72, 202
B. lentus, 202–204
B. licheniformis, 22, 27, 28, 103, 164, 203
B. macerans,30
B. megaterium, 224, 588, 591
B. pallidus, 536
637
638 ORGANISM INDEX
B. polymyxa, 224
B. pumilus,85
B. sphaericus, 201, 490, 495–497, 499
B. stearothermophilus, 8, 143, 144, 244, 225,
228, 230, 231, 276, 388, 600
B. subtilis, 23, 85, 104, 151, 200, 202, 204, 224,
225, 228, 231, 232, 235, 266, 268, 270, 276,
312, 388, 462, 465, 500, 520, 521, 550, 551,
569, 584, 588
B. thermoaminophilus, 561
B. thermocatenulatus, 266, 276
B. thermoproteolyticus, 222, 224, 226
B. thuringiensis, 222
Bacteroides cellulosolvens,44
Bacteriophage Sf6, 118
Bacteroides, 103, 119, 121, 123, 145
Basidiomycete, 216, 443, 445, 461, 462, 465,
469, 477
Bifidobacterium, 150, 507
Bjerkandera, 478
Bordetella, 415, 569
Borrelia burgdorferi,6,8
B. garinii,6
Botrytis, 101
B. cinerea, 100
Brassica napus, 521
Brassicaceae, 535
Brevibacterium, 30, 445, 538
Bubalos bubalis, 211
Burkholderia, 265, 274
Burkholderia cepacia, 273, 276, 331
Burkholderia pickettii, 601
Burkholderia sp., 274
Caenorhabditis elegans, 428, 432
Calotropis procera, 213
Camelus dromedaries, 211
Candida antarctica, 273, 275, 276, 284–287,
293, 294, 302, 320, 321, 324–328,
331–335, 344
C. stercorarium, 87, 119, 121, 123, 125–129
C. symbiosum, 490, 491, 495–497
C. thermocellum, 44, 45, 85, 87, 89, 90
Candida, 265, 320, 446, 452
C. albicans, 265, 267
C. crusei, 518
C. cylindracea, 284, 285, 294, 309, 324,
327, 329
C. krusei, 506
C. lypolytica, 294
C. rugosa, 264, 266–269, 273, 274, 276,
284–286, 290, 294, 295, 311, 320,
321, 330
Carica papaya, 182
Cellulomonas, 445
C. fimi,85
Cellvibrio japonicus, 68, 70, 71, 84, 85,
88, 90, 108
Centaurea calcitrapa, 213
C. mixtus, 68, 72, 73, 85
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, 222
Chromobacterium, 265
C. viscosum, 322, 330
Circinella, 118
Citrobacter braaki, 507
Cladosporium cladosporioides, 131
Cladosporium sp., 506
Clostridia,45
Clostridium,24
Clostridium cellulovorans, 44, 45, 85
Clostridium josui,44
C. ramosum, 222
C. tetani, 222
C. thermosulfurigenes,24
C. thermosulphuricum,23
Colletotrichum magna, 103
C gloeosporiodes, 103
Comamonas testosteroni, 536
Coprinus cinereus, 465
C. comatus, 445
Corticium rolfsii, 119
Corynebacterium, 534
Cruciferae, 534
Cryphonectria (Endothia) parasitica, 214, 216
Cryptococcus, 320, 327
Cryptococcus albidus, 68, 330
Cucumis sativus L. suyo, 250
Cynara cardunculus, 214
Cynara sp., 163, 213
Cytophaga sp., 163, 213
Dactylium dendroides, 443
Deuteromycete, 461, 465
Dictyoglomus thermophilum,12
Drosophila melanogaster, 426, 429, 432
Escherichia,23
E. coli, 8, 12, 23, 121, 211, 212, 222, 228, 232,
247, 249, 251, 252, 361, 368, 379–381, 384,
388, 411, 414, 416, 417, 421, 427, 445, 447,
472, 491, 507, 509, 510, 515, 530, 521, 536,
549–552, 554–556, 558–562, 569, 584, 585,
587–591, 601–605
Emericella nidulans, 520
Endomycopsis,24