Polaina J., MacCabe A.P. (ed.). Industrial Enzymes. Structure, Function and Applications
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608 SUBJECT INDEX
+ folding class, 572
-amylase, 3–10, 12–14, 22, 23, 26–28, 31, 33,
148, 149, 450, 453, 521
-D-glucopyranose, 29, 250
-galactosidase, 13, 14
-glucosidase, 5, 8, 11, 12, 28, 143, 144, 148
-glucuronidases, 84
-helical, 41, 108, 224, 409, 554
-helix, 185, 221, 224, 364, 571, 572
-helix circular array, 41
-L-arabinofuranosidase, 66, 67, 74, 84, 133
-mannosidase, 143
-xylosidase, 11, 12
/-barrel variant, 41
-barrel, 8, 570, 571
-barrel fold, 571
-D-galactofuranuronic acid, 106
-D-galactopyranuronic acid, 106
-D-glucosidase, 36, 131, 133, 143
−elimination, 107, 109
-galactosidase, 142, 143, 450
-helix, 105, 108, 109
-sandwich, 41, 105, 271, 571
-sandwich domain, 570
-sheet, 72, 106, 109, 199, 251, 253, 270, 272,
382, 571, 572
-strand, 41, 208
-xylosidase, 66, 67, 74, 84
Me, 363–365
-(-glutamyl)lysine linkage, 568
-amino group, 568
-carrageenan membrane, 450
AAO, 478, 479
abomasum, 207, 210
Abstraction, 102, 108, 444, 468
ABTS, 470–472
Acceptor, 141, 143, 145–151, 165, 198, 288, 331,
333, 442, 567, 568, 573
Acetate, 150, 183, 189, 233, 279, 284, 285, 287,
288, 292, 295, 308, 333, 346, 348, 351,
452, 521
Acetonitrile, 143, 471, 531, 532, 538
Acetyl, 66, 67, 75, 84, 91
Acetyl xylan esterases, 66, 67, 75, 84, 91
Acid/base catalyst, 4, 145, 149, 151, 568, 573
Acid-base mechanism, 553
acidic pectinase, 101, 110, 111
Acidolysis, 265, 288, 343, 346
Acrylamide, 539, 542, 543
Acrylonitrile, 312, 539, 543
Actinomycete, 53, 222, 539, 583
Activated water molecule, 165
Activation, 109, 161, 173, 182, 185, 199, 201,
202, 211, 229, 233, 263, 264, 267, 268, 302,
343, 346, 349, 517, 536, 538, 552, 554, 555,
558, 559, 561, 568, 571
Active package, 131
Active packaging, 131, 132
Active site cleft, 71, 224, 226-228, 253
AcXE, 84, 85, 91
Acyl, 165, 198, 232, 271, 273, 288, 291, 292,
302, 304–308, 331, 333, 342, 343, 544, 567,
568, 571, 573, 583, 586, 587, 592
Acyl acceptor, 288, 331, 333, 568, 573
Acylase, 166, 294, 583–586, 588, 592, 593
Acylation, 91, 215, 235, 269, 294, 302, 304,
307–310, 312, 592, 593
Acylcarnitine, 342
Acylenzyme complex, 538, 587
Acyl-enzyme intermediate, 198, 568
Acylglycerol, 264, 269
Acyl-transfer reaction, 567
Acyltransferase, 342
Adaptation, 200, 201, 229, 514, 515
Adenovirus endopeptidase, 165
Adenylosuccinate lyase, 551
Adiponitrile, 542
Adipose, 268, 272
Adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), 76
Adsorption, 55, 145, 293, 321, 334, 344, 349,
590, 591
Aerobic fungi, 39, 75
Aerosol, 191
Affinity chromatography, 182, 185, 232, 589
Affinity tag, 602
Ageing, 78, 188, 391, 577
Aglycon/aglycone, 72, 73, 117, 122–125, 130,
133, 150
Ago2, 429, 431
Ala, 6, 90, 146, 165, 200, 222, 228, 245, 246,
248, 601
Alanine, 203, 311, 495–497, 535, 537
Alcalase, 164, 202, 203
Alcohol, 20, 23, 32, 33, 133, 143, 233, 269, 273,
288, 291–295, 306, 307, 317, 321, 323, 328,
329, 331, 333, 335, 336, 343, 451, 453, 464,
469, 471, 473, 478, 479, 481–483, 518, 549
Alcohol precipitation, 602
Alcoholysis, 265, 288, 318, 319, 328, 329, 331,
334, 336, 343, 346, 349
Alkoxycarbonylation, 302, 311
Aldol reactions, 301
Aldoxime, 535
SUBJECT INDEX 609
Alkaline, 23, 24, 29, 54, 58, 59, 102–104, 119,
189, 198, 203, 228, 266, 312, 318, 319, 336,
446, 463, 505, 508, 531, 532, 556, 587
Alkaline pectinase, 111
Alkaline phytase, 505, 507, 513
Allantoinase, 600
Allelic variant, 171
Allergenic potential, 576
Allergenic risk, 576
Allosteric, 361, 490, 501
Alternansucrase, 5, 9
Alu sequence, 403
Amide bond, 204, 587, 599
Amidohydrolase, 536, 600
Amine, 198, 308, 309, 311, 491, 567, 568, 577
Amino, 166, 168, 169, 181, 250, 302, 303, 307,
310, 491, 556, 557, 568, 592
Aminoacyl peptidase, 243, 244
Aminolysis, 263, 302, 308–310
Aminopeptidase, 162–164, 168–171, 222, 223,
243–257
Aminophenol, 462
Ammonia, 302, 308, 310, 489–491, 499, 532,
533, 538, 540, 541, 549, 554, 558, 568, 587
Ammonolysis, 302, 308, 316
Amorphous, 29, 52, 65, 69
Amoxicillin, 583, 584, 592
Amphipathic, 274
Amphiphilic, 271
Amphiphilic helix, 343–345
Ampicillin, 583, 584, 592
Amplified fragment-length polymorphism
(AFLP), 393
Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis
(ARDRA), 366
Amplimer, 393
Amylase, 4, 5, 10–12, 187, 189, 602
Amyloglucosidase, 24, 450
Amylolytic, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 31, 32
Amylomaltase, 8, 9
Amylopectin, 3, 19, 22, 24–26, 28, 32
Amylopullulanase, 5, 8, 13, 14, 22, 23
Amylose, 3, 19, 22–24, 26, 32, 148
Amylosucrase, 5, 8
Anaerobic, 43, 69, 75, 85, 125, 134, 398,
507, 513
Analytical reactor, 450
Ancient DNA, 396
Angiogenesis, 256, 416
Angiosperm, 65
Angiotensin, 223, 246, 255
Angiotensinase, 246
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, 174, 222, 235,
236, 257
Anhydride, 302, 306
Animal feed, 75, 76, 186, 188, 192, 505, 518
Anomeric, 22, 74, 145
Anomeric carbon, 38, 41, 73, 74, 105
Anomeric configuration, 73, 105, 142, 144,
146, 147
Antarctic, 201, 202, 489
Antarctic bacteria, 234, 266
Anthelminthics, 161
Anthocyanidin, 135
Anthocyanins, 117, 133
Anthranilic acid esters, 285
Antibiotic, 85, 132, 134, 489, 500, 583, 584, 592,
593, 599, 603
Antibodies, 29, 125, 163, 389, 576
Anti-caries agents, 148
Antifungal, 17, 130, 131
Antigen presentation, 161
Antihypertensive, 255, 256, 498
Anti-inflammatory, 92, 134, 190, 577
Antimicrobial, 92, 235, 257, 452, 577
Anti-nutritional factor, 517
Antioxidant, 76, 91, 117, 235, 577
Antioxidant potential, 452
Antioxidation, 517
Antiparallel, 11, 41, 427, 570–572
Antiparallel sandwich, 105
Antisense, 362, 417
Antistaling, 76
Anti-tumorigenesis, 517
Antitumoural, 92
Antiviral, 92, 592
Anti-viral response, 432
Anti--elimination, 107–109
Apiosidase, 133
Apoptosis, 569
Apple, 99, 102, 111, 213, 284, 452, 473
Arabinan, 65
Arabinofuranose, 83
Arabinofuranosidase, 74
Arabinofuranosyl-ferulate, 73, 91
Arabinogalactan, 65
Arabinose, 66, 73–75, 84, 91, 100
Arabinoxylans, 26, 66, 75, 76, 83, 84, 453
Archaea, 13, 23, 246, 358, 404
Archaeal, 11, 359, 362, 404, 408
Archaebacteria, 490
ArchaeMaxx, 388
Archaeological, samples, 394
Arg, 6–8, 184, 185, 245, 246, 248, 250, 554
Arginine, 6, 108, 491, 497, 554
610 SUBJECT INDEX
Arginine/serine-rich (RS-rich) region, 422
Argonaute, 424, 425, 428–431, 433
Aroma, 29, 76, 117, 122, 132, 133
Aromatic potential, 133
Aromatic residues, 46, 109, 148, 602
Arteriosclerosis, 181, 577
Artificial oil bodies, 603
Artificial rancidification process, 452
Aryl cellobioside, 73
Aryl diamine, 462
Aryl-alcohol oxidase, 478, 479
Arylsulfinamide 204
Ascorbate oxidase, 461, 465–467
Ascorbic acid, 462, 473
Asn 6, 214, 215, 253, 268, 556
Asp, 6, 8, 9, 41, 43, 85, 90, 118, 126, 163, 164,
182, 198, 208, 210, 2,12, 214, 221, 222,
227, 228, 232, 233, 245, 246, 248–250, 253,
425, 555, 568, 571–573
Asparagine, 165, 166, 198, 200, 267, 408, 493,
497, 537
Aspartame, 231–234, 498, 592
Aspartase, 549, 551–562
Aspartase-fumarase superfamily, 554, 557, 558
Aspartate, 4–6, 73, 165, 166, 190, 197, 198, 200,
204, 208, 210, 211, 270, 343, 344, 481, 491,
493, 496, 549, 552, 553, 555–559, 561
Aspartate aminopeptidase, 246
Aspartic acid, 109, 382, 537, 600
Aspartic peptidase, 165, 166, 210
Aspartic protease, 207–209, 211, 212, 214–216
Aspartyl aminopeptidase, 245
Assemblin, 165
Astaxanthin, 151
Asymmetric synthesis, 301, 307
ATP, 361, 425, 426
Auto-antigen, 576
Autocatalytic, 210, 215, 232, 404, 405
Autocatalytic activation, 211
Autolytic peptidase, 166
Autoproteolysis, 231
Autoproteolytic degradation, 230, 231
Axial coordination, 466
Axial ligand, 444, 465, 466
Azide 462
Azo dye, 471, 472
Bacitracin, 232
backstaining, 54, 55
Bacterial gene, 381, 416
Bacterial heteropolysaccharide, 117
Bacterial phytase, 507
Bactericide effect, 452
Bacteriophage 118, 222, 357, 384
Bacteriophage, Sf6 118
Bacteriophage, T7 388
Baking, 25, 32, 76, 236, 453, 473, 517–519
Baking industry, 31, 32, 186, 187, 575
Banana, 104, 284
Barley, 10, 23, 24, 32, 36, 508, 516, 519, 521
Barley malt, 32, 36
Barrel fold, 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 13, 70, 71, 571, 601
Basidiomycete, 216, 443, 445, 461, 462, 465,
469, 477, 478
Batch 57, 292, 325–327, 330–334, 350, 521, 543,
589, 591
Beating, 78
Beer, 33, 76, 161, 186, 187, 236, 453, 473
Benzo[a]pyrene, 471
Benzyl alcohol, 133
Benzyloxymethylhydantoin, 600
Berthelot method, 533
beverage, 28, 30, 83, 118, 131–133, 186, 256,
473, 498
Bidentate, 424, 491
Bifunctional, 85, 445, 446
Bilirubin oxidase, 461, 465
Binding cleft 20, 109, 202
Binding region, 202, 272–274, 343
Binding site, 20, 22, 46, 72, 73, 90, 105, 106,
109, 150, 165, 184, 199, 226, 264, 272, 273,
382, 389, 405, 417, 479, 481, 497, 552, 557,
559, 585, 586, 588, 601
Bioactive compound, 117, 131
Bioactive peptide, 186, 247, 256
Bioavailability, 133
Biocatalysis, 229, 263, 265, 266, 269, 289, 302,
304, 319, 323, 330, 336, 347, 533, 542
Biocatalyst, 91, 146, 265, 268, 272, 274, 293,
302, 304, 305, 308, 311, 312, 330, 331, 470,
483, 484, 490, 498, 512, 533, 541, 542, 544,
573, 584, 590–592
Biochemical properties, 99, 102, 118, 245, 505
Biocide, 453
Bioconversion, 76, 603
Bio-degradable polymer, 91
Biodegradation, 469, 471, 477–479, 543
Biodiesel, 294, 317–326, 328–336
Biodiversity, 146, 275
Bioengineering, 200, 203
Bioethanol, 35, 46, 47, 478
Biofilm, 130, 452
Biofinishing, 51, 53, 55–57, 59
Biofuel, 317
Biofuel cells, 369, 472
SUBJECT INDEX 611
Bioinformatics, 14, 275, 357, 363
Biological fuels, 76
Biological washing powder, 161, 164
Biologically active peptide, 190, 232, 236
Biomass, 35, 36, 65, 75, 76, 111, 204, 477, 478
Biomass conversion, 35, 118
Biopolishing, 55
Biopolymer, 36, 92, 132–134, 469
Bioreactor, 135, 335, 528
Bioremediation, 469, 471, 543, 544
Bioscouring, 58
Biosensor, 441, 448–451, 469, 472, 473, 500,
518, 578
Biostoning, 51–53
Biotechnological, 22, 29, 52, 75, 118, 131, 132,
134, 201, 244, 256, 257, 478, 490, 498, 501,
532, 544, 549, 568, 573, 599
Biotechnology, 162, 185, 211, 265, 319, 397, 543
BioTherm
tm
DNA polymerase, 386, 389, 397
Biphasic organic solvent, 233
Biphasic system, 233, 235
Bitterness, 131, 187, 207, 213, 210, 256
Bitter tasting peptide, 235
Blackcurrant, 133, 135
BLAST, 126
Bleaching, 55, 56, 58, 76, 78, 324, 327, 329, 453,
454, 469–473, 483
Bleeding, 576
Bleomycin hydrolase, 245, 248, 249, 253
Blood clot formation, 569
Blood clotting, 576
Blood coagulation, 161
Blood coagulation factor, 568, 569
Blunt end, 357, 384–386, 388, 389
Boilysin, 231, 232
Bound aroma, 133
Bovine serum albumin (BSA), 448
Box-Behnken design, 294
Branch point, 19, 22, 23, 28
Branched alcohol, 328
Bread, 19, 32, 252, 453, 517, 518
Bread making, 31, 32, 518
Bread volume, 76, 186, 187, 453
Breaking strength, 574, 575
Brewing, 23, 31–33, 76, 186, 236, 473, 518
Brightness, 78
Brightness reversion, 78
Bromelain, 163, 181, 184–190
Bromoxynil, 543
Bromoxynil resistant transgenic plants, 543
Browning reactions, 24
BSE, 516
Buffalo, 208, 211
Butter, 269, 452
Butyl esters, 92, 323
Butyl isobutyrate, 284
Butyl oleate, 285, 286, 321
By-product utilization, 188
Ca
2+
, 22, 100, 106–109, 226, 230, 290, 512, 571
Caecum, 130
Caffeic, 91
Caffeic acids, 86, 91, 92
Calcium, 22, 28, 102, 190, 200, 201, 269, 303,
508, 512, 513, 515, 518, 568, 569, 572, 586
Calcium binding, 199, 226, 568, 571
Calcium ion, 22, 103, 226, 231, 512, 586
Calcium salts, 22, 28
Calpains, 188
Calves, 207, 208, 210, 211
Camel, 208, 211, 212
Cancer, 208, 256, 368, 394
Cap structure, 429
Capillary electrophoresis, 449
Carbohydratase, 69
Carbohydrate, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 32, 69,
70, 72, 83–85, 91, 110, 141, 143, 145–147,
150, 151, 173, 215, 269, 286, 442
Carbohydrate binding module (CBM), 38, 43–45,
52, 69, 70, 72, 89
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZY), 40, 41,
49, 70, 108, 126
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
, 31, 32, 317, 341, 343,
347, 498, 604
Carbon film electrodes, 448
Carbon nanotubes, 451, 452
Carbon paste electrode, 448
Carbonate, 302–304, 311
Carbonyl oxygen, 227, 271, 601
Carboxylesterase, 264
Carboxylic acid, 126, 145, 215, 269, 288, 294,
302, 533, 540
Carboxymethylcellulose, 42
Carboxypeptidase, 162–166, 168–171, 174, 181,
222, 243
Carcinogenic, 471, 531, 543
Cardoon, 213
Cardosin, 208, 212–214
Caricain, 182
Cariogenicity, 29
Carrots, 102
Casein, 184, 207, 210, 211, 213, 214, 216, 235,
290, 577
Caseinate, 574
Caspase, 175, 176, 181, 182
612 SUBJECT INDEX
Castor bean, 265
Castor oil, 324, 326, 335
Catabolite repression, 585, 586, 588
Catalase, 441, 446–448, 451, 499
Catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide
oxidoreductase, 446
Catalytic base, 105, 108
Catalytic core, 405, 570, 571
Catalytic domain, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 37, 38, 42, 46,
52, 69–72, 85, 89, 148, 172, 251, 271, 272,
363–365, 509, 511
Catalytic dyad, 165, 182
Catalytic mechanism, 4, 41, 43, 70, 73, 74, 146,
165–167, 198, 222, 226, 228, 243, 244, 250,
468, 479, 505, 508, 509, 512, 513, 515,
552–554, 556–558, 567, 568, 572, 573, 601
Catalytic nucleophile, 14, 146, 251, 162
Catalytic residues, 11, 14, 70, 73, 106, 149, 151,
166, 198, 213, 214, 244, 251, 491, 569,
572, 573
Catalytic site, 20, 72, 126, 149, 165–167, 176,
109, 210, 244, 253–255, 380, 423, 509, 602
Catalytic subunit, 380, 382
Catalytic triad, 5, 7, 8, 85, 90, 165, 172, 197,
198, 253, 270, 344, 345, 532, 536, 570–572
Catalytic tunnel, 274
Catalytic type, 162, 165, 167, 170, 171, 174–176,
245, 248, 250
Catalytic zinc ion, 221, 223, 226, 229, 251
Catalytically active cysteine, 568, 571, 572
Catechol, 462
Cathepsin, 170, 171, 185, 186, 188, 191, 208, 214
Cation radical, 464, 479, 483
Cationic radical, 468, 470
Cavity, 90, 253, 254, 452, 571
CBH, 37, 38, 40, 47, 52, 54, 57
CBM, 38, 39, 43–45, 52, 55
CCP, 479, 481, 483
CDNA, 125, 211, 212, 362, 369, 403, 404, 409,
410, 413–417
Celiac disease, 576
Celite, 233, 235, 320, 322, 330
Cell adhesion protein, 576
Cell cycle, 244, 379, 422, 423
Cell immobilization, 605
Cell migration, 569
Cell wall, 35, 36, 43, 65, 66, 69, 75, 83, 86, 100,
104–107, 117, 164, 214, 222, 223, 468, 469,
477, 570
Cell-matrix interactions, 569
Cellobiase, 42, 52
Cellobiohydrolase, 36, 38, 40–43, 52, 54, 70, 72
Cellobiose, 36, 38, 42, 52, 150, 469
Cellodextrin, 36, 40
Cellular location, 119, 120, 244
Cellulase, 26, 35–43, 45–47, 51–59, 68–70, 72,
75, 76
Cellulolytic enzyme, 52
Cellulose, 3, 26, 35–42, 45–47, 52, 53, 57–59,
65, 66, 68, 69, 78, 83, 189, 293, 450, 451,
477, 478
Cellulose binding domain, 37, 38, 55, 69, 84,
85, 484
Cellulose hydrolysis, 37, 52
Cellulose-binding domain (CBD), see CBM
Cellulosome, 42–46, 69, 89, 90
Celobiose:quinone oxidoreductase, 469
Cenprosin, 213
Central composite rotatable design, 294, 335
Cephalosporin, 85, 583, 587, 592, 593, 604
Cereal, 31–33, 42, 65, 83, 119, 163, 186, 256,
450, 508, 517, 518
Ceruloplasmin, 461, 465
CGTases, 5, 147–150
Chain length, 22, 26, 103, 135, 273, 274, 288,
349
Chair form, 150
Channel, 253, 467, 468, 481, 483
Chaperone, 199, 603
Chaperonin, 536
Cheese, 161, 163, 164, 186, 207–216, 235, 256,
574, 575
Chelating Sephacel chromatography, 602
Chelation, 462
Chemical industry, 131, 132, 135, 186, 531
Chemical mediator, 470, 472
Chemical modification, 149, 204, 230, 342, 549,
554, 583
Chemical synthesis, 132, 135, 204
Chemiluminescence, 449
Chemoenzymatic, 86, 301, 303, 304, 306, 542
Chemonucleolysis, 162, 191
Chicken cystatin, 185
Chill-haze, 187
Chimera, 274
Chimeric, 89, 90, 172, 275, 372, 393, 562
Chiral, 132, 135, 204, 269, 273, 293, 294, 303,
304, 307, 308, 498, 534, 541, 583, 592, 601
Chiral amide, 302
Chiral synthon, 531
Chitin, 46, 69, 188, 602, 603, 605
Chitin binding domain, 602
Chitinase, 189, 602
Chitosan, 186, 188, 189, 591
Chlamydia, 394
Chlorine, 76, 78, 215, 470, 483, 531
SUBJECT INDEX 613
Chloroperoxidase, 452
Chlorophenol, 539
Chloroplast, 404, 570
Chloropolysporin, 134
Cholecystokinin, 235
Cholesterol, 31, 342, 445, 451, 517
Cholesterol ester, 274, 451
Cholesterol esterase (ChEt), 451
Cholesterol oxidase (cholesterol:oxygen
oxidoreductase), 441, 445, 451
Chromatographic, 29, 125, 602
Chromophore, 76, 533, 548
Chylomicron, 342
Chymopapain, 163, 182, 191
Chymosin, 16, 163, 207–214, 216
Chymotrypsin, 164–167, 171, 172, 176, 182, 197,
198, 290
Circular dichroism, 125, 409, 410
Citronellyl acetate, 285, 294
Citrus fruit, 99, 104
Citrus juice, 31, 119, 131, 132
Clan, 4–12, 70, 72, 170, 171, 174, 176, 181, 197,
198, 205, 221–224, 234, 251–253
Clarification, 76, 104, 110, 577
Cleaning, 51, 57, 58, 161, 163, 186, 189
CLECs, 233, 591
Cleft, 20, 21, 46, 71, 72, 105, 106, 109, 172, 182,
202, 224, 226–228, 251, 253, 426, 490,
495, 572
Clinical trials, 577
Cloned, 8, 27, 125, 211, 212, 398, 415, 416, 509,
513, 514, 536, 543, 588, 593, 604
Cloning, 25, 125, 142, 200, 277, 366–368, 380,
384–389, 397, 459, 555, 588, 590
Clotting, 212, 245, 576
Cloud stabilization, 110
Cloudy juice, 111
ClustalW, 126, 129, 225
Coagulation, 161, 164, 187, 207, 210, 212, 568,
569, 575
Coating, 25, 53, 236, 519, 542
Cobalt, 165, 221, 223, 229, 252, 388, 463,
538–540
Cobalt NHase, 538, 539
Cocoa butter, 269
Co-crystallization, 90
Cod liver oil, 346, 350
Co-electrodeposition, 449
Coenzyme, 442, 490, 498, 500
Coenzyme recycling, 498, 499
Cofactor, 248, 271, 301, 388, 442–444, 447,
479–481, 489, 499, 517
Coffee fermentation, 110, 111
Cohesin, 42–45, 69
Cold, 19, 201, 323, 324
Cold pasteurisation, 453
Colipase, 268, 271
Collagen, 187, 236, 247, 257, 451, 452, 576
Colon, 150, 507
Colonic flora, 150
Combinatorial libraries, 269
Composite biosensor, 448, 451
Conceptual translation, 125, 126
Condensation product, 145
Conducting polymer film, 448, 451
Configuration, 8, 22, 38, 41, 73, 74, 105, 142,
144, 146, 147, 307, 310, 347, 572
Conformation, 26, 90, 109, 204, 208, 210, 215,
236, 264, 271–274, 289, 290, 329, 330, 348,
380, 382, 506, 519, 536, 538, 558, 574
Conformational change, 149, 174, 226, 264, 268,
271, 273, 518, 538, 571, 601
Consensus phytase, 519
Conserved region, 10, 380, 382, 383
Contamination, 22, 26, 30, 31, 74, 292, 389, 391,
392, 590
Controlled-pore glass, 450
Convergent, 198, 573
Conversion yield, 28, 30, 603
Copper, 165, 221, 443, 444, 463–468
Copper type I, 463–467
Copper type II, 463–467
Copper type III, 464–467
Core domain, 38, 85, 571, 572
Corneocyte proteins, 577
Cornstarch, 35
Cosmetic, 29, 247, 318, 473
Cosmetic industry, 31, 148, 186, 190, 573, 577
Cotton, 51–53, 55–59
Cotton scouring, 58, 111
Cottonseed oil, 324, 325, 328, 329
Coumaric acid, 66, 67, 75
Coupling, 145–149, 309, 434, 443, 450
Covalent binding, 293, 591
Crime scenes, 394
Critical water concentration, 291
Croissants, 575
Cross-linked enzyme crystal (CLECs), 233, 591
Crumb quality, 76
Cryoprotectant, 25, 30
Crystal, 25, 481, 491
Crystal structure, 11, 70, 72, 73, 89–91, 104, 106,
109, 151, 184, 199, 210, 213, 214, 224, 226,
236, 253, 254, 264, 343, 363, 370, 371, 404,
406, 407, 409, 410, 426, 461, 465–467, 479,
614 SUBJECT INDEX
481, 484, 495, 536, 554–556, 558, 568, 571,
587, 593, 601
Crystalline, 36, 37, 46, 52
Crystalline cellulose, 45, 46, 69
Crystallographic analysis, 208, 267, 273, 372
Crystallography, 554
Cup plate method, 101
Curd, 125, 575
Cutaneous flora, 148
Cyanide, 462, 531, 535
Cyclic diamide, 599
Cyclization axis, 148
Cyclodextrin, 19, 25, 30, 31, 148, 149
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, 5, 8, 147, 148
Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase, 30, 31
Cyclomaltodextrinase, 5, 9
Cynarase, 213
Cyprosin, 213, 214
Cys, 182, 245, 253, 363, 443, 445, 463, 466, 468,
536, 539, 568, 569, 571–573
Cys-His-Asp, 571
Cysteine, 162, 166, 172, 175, 176, 182, 184, 185,
201, 203, 211, 231, 245, 248, 253, 443, 463,
466, 505, 509, 510, 532, 538, 539, 554,
568–572, 586
Cysteine peptidase, 161, 165, 175, 176, 243,
244, 253
Cysteine proteases, 181, 182, 185–192, 568
Cystic fibrosis, 265, 394
Cystinyl aminopeptidase, 245
Cytase, 36
Cytochrome cperoxidase, 479
Cytohydrolyst, 36
Cytomegalovirus, 394
Cytoplasm, 68, 223, 243, 246, 421, 424, 430, 570
Cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase, 245
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor, 569
Dairy, 30, 186, 187, 207, 214, 249, 574
Dairy protein hydrolysate, 235
D-amino acid oxidase, 499
D-amino acids, 222, 248, 592
D-carbamoylase, 604
DCP, 516
de novo design, 230
Deacetylase, 85, 172
Deamidation, 309, 489, 491, 499, 549, 552,
553, 604
Deamination-amination reaction, 552
Debittering, 31, 131–133
Debranching, 5, 23, 74
Debranching enzymes, 23, 25, 26, 30, 74
Debridement, 161, 163, 190, 191
Deep vent, 385, 388, 397
Deesterification, 109
Degenerate PCR, 393
Deglycosylation, 215, 267, 465
Degree of hydrolysis, 24
Degumming, 110, 111, 332, 334
Dehairing agent, 189
Dehydrated beans, 188
Dehydrodimeric ferulic acid, 86
Dehydroferulic, 86
Dehydrogenase, 469, 478, 489–491, 493, 495,
497–499, 501
Deinking, 78
Denaturant, 554, 562, 603
Denaturation, 290, 291, 348, 390, 394, 398, 506,
518, 519, 555
Denim, 51–55
Density-functional theory (DFT), 482
Dental caries, 147
Dephytinization, 517
Depilling, 57
Dermonecrotic toxin, 569
Desferal, 462
Desglucoavenacoside, 123, 131, 134, 135
Desglucodesrhamnoruscin, 134, 135
Desglucoruscin, 134, 135
Desglucoruscoside, 134
Desymmetrization, 301, 303, 304, 307, 310, 311
Detergent, 23, 24, 51, 52, 56, 76, 83, 186, 192,
197, 200, 202, 203, 205, 266, 344, 345, 462,
577, 589
Detoxification, 118, 130, 131, 478, 531, 535
Detoxifying, 130
Deubiquitinating peptidase, 165
DExH-box RNA helicase, 425
Dextransucrase, 147, 148
Diabetes, 256, 517
Diabetics, 20, 25, 29
Diagnosis, 254, 380, 394, 398, 497, 499
Diagnostic aid, 567
Dicalcium-phosphate, 516
Dicer, 421–434
Dideoxyribonucleotide, 388
Diesel, 35, 317, 324, 237, 329
Dietary, 130, 244, 271, 490, 498, 505, 508,
516, 517
Dietary supplementation, 516
Digestion, 86, 161, 164, 167, 186, 190, 208, 124,
246, 267, 367, 585
Digestive enzyme, 197, 576
Diglyceride, 283
Dihydroorotase, 600
SUBJECT INDEX 615
Dihydropyrimidase, 599, 600
Diltiazem, 269
Dimerization, 346, 423, 426
Dimethyl glyoxime, 463
Dimethoxyphenols, 462, 471
Dipeptidase, 168, 169, 171, 174, 222, 223, 243,
248, 250, 252, 562
Dipeptide, 169, 170, 223, 224, 235, 243,
246–248, 498, 592
Dipeptidyl peptidase, 169, 171, 245, 247, 248,
250, 255
Dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, 169
Diphenol, 462
Direct voltammetry, 452
Directed evolution, 149, 200, 201, 205, 275–277,
470, 484, 501, 560, 605
Disaccharide, 29, 123, 124, 133, 143, 145, 146,
150, 151, 450
Disease, 8, 150, 181, 191, 232, 236, 244, 256,
265, 306, 379, 380, 394, 398, 499, 500, 516,
531, 567, 576, 577
Displacement, 73, 74, 145, 227, 387, 388, 568
Disposable sensor, 448
Disproportionation reaction, 148
Dissociation constant, 291
Distribution coefficient, 291
Disulfide, 201, 466, 510
Disulfide bridge, 173, 182, 184, 211, 216, 231,
466, 509, 510
Divalent cations, 390, 507, 552, 553, 561
Diversity generating element, 414, 415
DNA, 136, 199, 207, 235, 357–373, 379–398,
403–405, 407–412, 414–417, 427, 501,
506, 588
DNA binding, 363–365, 370–372, 383, 407, 417
DNA helicase, 398
DNA labelling, 384
DNA polymerase, 379, 380, 382–389, 392, 393,
396–398, 403
DNA repair, 360, 368, 379, 383, 384
DNA replication, 379, 383, 384
DnaJ/DnaK, 602
DNTP binding, 382, 383
DNTP depletion, 391, 395
Dockerin, 42–45, 69, 89, 90
Domain, 3, 4, 7, 9–12, 22, 37, 38, 41–45, 52, 55,
69–71, 85, 89, 90, 105, 148, 172–175, 185,
224, 251, 253–255, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274,
346, 362–364, 372, 382, 282, 405, 407–409,
411, 416, 422, 424–426, 447, 465, 490,
509–512, 554, 556, 570–572, 601, 602
Domain of unknown function (DUF), 422
Donor, 4, 41, 43, 118, 141, 142, 144–146, 148,
150, 165, 198, 288, 291, 302, 304–309, 333,
358, 472, 515, 567, 571, 587, 592
Double displacement, 73, 145
Double stranded RNA binding domain
(dsRBD) 422
Double-displacement mechanism, 73, 145
Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein
kinase 432
Dough, 23, 31, 32, 186, 187, 453, 575
Dough stability, 453, 575
Doughnut, 575
D-p-hydroxyphenylglcine, 603
DppA, 223, 248, 256
Drainage, 78
Drosha, 421–424, 430, 433, 434
Drug target, 161, 181, 265
D-stereospecific aminopeptidase, 248
D-xylopyranosyl, 26, 83, 91
Dye, 53, 55, 56, 449, 469, 471–473, 483, 549,
551, 577
Dyeing, 56–59, 453, 473, 577
Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), 305, 306,
309, 310
E-64 182, 185
EDTA, 229, 363, 462, 463, 508, 589
Effluents, 59, 186, 453, 454, 543
Egyptian mummies, 396
EIF2, 432
Elasticity, 32, 574, 575
Electrochemical, 448, 449, 451, 472
Electrochemical interference, 448
Electrochemical polymerisation, 451
Electron, 72, 78, 91, 293, 442, 44–446, 448,
462–464, 468, 472, 479–482
Electron carrier, 470, 472, 500
Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR),
538, 539
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), 463,
464, 482, 483
Electron transfer, 442, 445, 448, 462, 468,
481, 482
Electrostatic effect, 109
Electrostatic interactions, 106–108
Elementary chlorine free (ECF), 78, 483
ELISA, 576
Emulsifier, 271
Emulsion, 189, 318, 575
Emulsion stabilizer, 19
Enantiomer, 233, 273, 303, 305, 309, 310, 534,
592, 593
Enantiomeric, 295, 304, 499
616 SUBJECT INDEX
Enantiomerically, 305, 308, 599, 604
Enantiopure, 204, 303, 307, 308, 310, 311
Enantioselective, 294, 308, 533, 534, 592, 593
Enantioselectivity, 204, 263, 273, 275–277, 294,
303, 306, 307, 310, 534, 601, 605
Encapsulated pharmaceutical, 25
Encapsulation technique, 452
End point assay, 500
Endo, 72, 101–103, 106, 107
Endo splitting, 101, 102
Endo-acting enzyme, 22, 39, 40
Endoglucanase, 28, 42
Endo-glycosidase, 146
Endomysial, 576
Endopeptidase, 162–165, 167, 168, 170–172,
174, 181, 182, 184, 185, 197, 198, 222, 223,
236, 253
Endorhamnosidase, 117, 118
Endothelin-converting enzyme, 236
Endothiapepsin, 163, 216
Endoxylanase, 85
Endo--1,4-xylanase, 67, 70, 84
Energy, 3, 35–37, 51, 83, 131, 146, 147, 150,
201, 248, 317, 318, 336, 342, 349, 391, 464,
471, 489, 591, 577
Engineering, 23, 25, 36, 40, 47, 51, 104, 192,
200, 202, 205, 206, 270, 272, 274, 275, 313,
357, 369–372, 472, 484, 501, 533, 544, 549,
559, 562, 588
Enhancement, 37, 118, 131, 132, 134, 150, 198,
204, 215, 229, 235, 275, 450, 535, 560, 602
Enterobacteria, 134, 585
Enterocyte, 342
Enteropathy, 576
Enteropeptidase, 164, 167
Enthalpy, 202
Entrapment, 293, 321, 450, 590, 591
Entropy, 202
Environmental, 76, 312, 317, 329, 336, 449,
483, 490
Environmental protection, 505
Environmentally friendly, 58, 91, 328, 336, 532
EnviroPig, 521
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning, 452
Enzymatic sequencing, 384
Enzymatic synthesis, 135, 146, 151, 152, 232,
294, 312, 342, 592
Enzyme immobilization, 292, 448, 471, 518,
602, 603
Enzyme inhibition, 292, 335, 450
Enzyme mechanism, 104, 553
Enzyme promiscuity, 275
Enzyme reutilization, 602
Enzyme stability, 347, 452, 484, 602
Enzyme thermostability, 27
Enzyme-aided bleaching, 78
Epidermal cells, 213
Epidermal differentiation, 569
Epidermal tissue differentiation, 577
Epithelial transglutaminase, 571
Equatorial hydroxyl groups, 150
Equilibria, 29, 142, 143, 145, 232, 291, 292, 302,
347, 351, 469, 462, 483, 549, 590
Error rate, 384-386, 392, 397
Erythrocyte protein band 4.2., 569
Essential fatty acids, 342
Ester, 84, 89, 181, 204, 232, 233, 271, 273, 287,
288, 291, 292, 294, 295, 302–304, 306, 309,
321, 322, 328–331, 333–335, 349, 351, 387
Ester bond, 75, 89, 109, 182, 198, 263, 264, 268,
271, 283, 568
Esterase, 84–86, 89–91, 103, 204, 265, 276,
343, 451
Esterification, 19, 91, 92, 99, 100, 102, 104, 263,
265, 283–294, 301, 304, 318, 336,
346–351, 567
Esterolytic activity, 232
Ethanol, 35, 36, 47, 76, 99, 122, 123, 152, 288,
292, 317, 324–328, 346, 347, 349, 350, 469,
472, 473
Ethyl butyrate, 284
Eubacteria, 197, 404, 489
Eukaryote, 165, 174, 197, 246, 249, 251, 265,
266, 271, 276, 344, 382, 421, 425, 426, 509
Everlase, 202, 203
Evolutionary relationship, 170, 360, 600
Exo, 24, 36, 39, 40, 68, 74, 101–103, 253, 381
Exo splitting, 102
Exocellulase, 68, 70
Exocyclic substituent, 601
Exoglucanase, 42
Exo-glucosidase, 142, 143, 146
Exonuclease, 368, 381–386, 388, 389, 392
Exonuclease domain, 382
Exopeptidase, 162, 167, 169, 181, 197, 223, 235
Exoxylanases, 68
Exportin, 5 423, 424
Exposed tryptophan, 481, 482
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
(EXAFS), 538, 539
Extension, 182, 357, 379, 385, 388–390, 394,
397, 411, 414, 559
External ophthalmoplegia, 378
Extra virgin olive oil, 452
Extracellular, 42, 43, 68, 69, 74, 120, 121, 125,
214, 236, 243, 479, 511, 520, 521, 569, 588
SUBJECT INDEX 617
Extracellular enzyme, 23, 68, 204, 461, 478
Extracellular metalloprotease, 224
Extracellular protease, 68
Extraction, 75, 76, 110, 182, 306, 324, 350, 589
Extremophile, 266, 462, 554, 551
Extremophilic organism, 228
Extrinsic phytase, 517
Fabric, 51, 52, 55–59
FAD, 442, 443, 445, 446, 449
Fat, 25, 322, 324–326, 331, 336, 342, 346
Fat substitute, 19
Fatty acid, 265, 269, 271, 273, 293, 317, 318,
322, 323, 328, 334, 343, 349
Fatty acid esters, 284, 286
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), 317, 318, 324,
328, 329, 331, 333
Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), 272
Fe
4+
, 483
Feed, 52, 75, 76, 188, 189, 431, 505, 509, 516,
518, 520
Feed conversion efficiency, 76
Feed supplement, 505, 516
Feedstock, 35, 36, 318, 319, 322, 324, 325, 331
Felting, 5, 77
Fermentation, 20, 23, 35–37, 110, 111, 133, 203,
265, 266, 328, 473, 498, 508, 518, 520, 521,
569, 574, 583, 589, 590
Fermented product, 256
Ferrocene, 442, 448, 449
Fertilization, 570
Ferulic, 75, 90, 91
Ferulic acid, 66, 67, 75, 83–86, 89, 92
Feruloyl esterase (FAEs), 84–87, 89–92
Feruloylation, 86
F-hand, 43
Fibre, 26, 51, 53, 55–59, 76, 78, 190, 203, 449,
469, 472, 590
Fibrillation, 57, 58
Fibrin, 569, 576
Ficain, 161, 163, 181, 185
Ficin, 185, 186, 188
Filamentous fungi, 118, 126, 131, 151, 210
Film industry, 236
Filterability, 26, 76
Finger, 271, 382, 383
Fish, 189, 235, 571, 574
Fish paste, 574
Five-bladed -propeller, 151
Flagellum, 130
Flap, 209, 210, 215, 264
Flavanone, 209, 210, 215, 264
Flavoenzyme, 445
Flavonoid, 117, 119, 124, 130, 132, 133, 149
Flavonol, 133
Flavour, 25, 28, 32, 133, 135, 161, 164, 187, 188,
211, 213, 215, 235, 249, 256, 284, 288, 293,
294, 473
Flavour enhancer, 134
Flavour-enhancing peptide, 235
Flax, 59
Flocculant, 134, 590
Flow injection analysis (FIA), 448, 451
Flower, 213
Flow-through electrochemical micro-cell, 448
Fluorescence, 449, 551
Fluorescent reporter, 393
Fluoride, 145, 146, 198, 462
Flux control coefficient, 604
Fn3 domain, 69
Foams, 110, 187, 575
Folding, 199, 212, 267, 412, 413, 416, 509, 536,
539, 572, 585, 588, 593
Food, 19, 22, 24, 25, 28–31, 37, 52, 75, 83,
131–134, 151, 152, 164, 186–188, 256, 283,
341, 343, 450–453, 517, 543, 576
Food additive, 26, 131, 132, 473, 559, 592
Food deodorization, 188
Food industry, 19, 76, 131, 132, 141, 148, 164,
186, 188, 189, 222, 256, 347, 441, 473, 518,
567, 573, 574
Food microbiology, 452
Food processing, 31, 102, 163, 187, 217, 266, 574
Food production, 575
Food protein, 161, 167, 187, 235, 256, 266, 574
Food-grade additive, 575
Food-poisoning microbe, 452
Forage, 186, 188
Formaldehyde, 473
Formate dehydrogenase, 498
Free cholesterol, 451
Free energy, 146, 391
Freezing, 29, 30, 574, 575
Fructan, 150
Fructan syrup, 152
Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), 150–152
Fructose, 20, 26, 28, 29, 147, 150
Fructose syrup, 20, 29
Fructosyl, 150, 151
Fructosyltransferase, 151
Fruit bromelain, 184, 185
Fruit juice, 104, 110, 132, 133, 473
Fruit product, 30, 104, 110
Fruit ripening, 100
Fruity aroma, 76