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Index
Aadil Girey, khan of Crimea 507
Abatis defensive line (southern frontier) 491,
494, 497
Abbasids, Caliphate of 51
Abibos, St 342
absolutism, as model of Russian and
Muscovite states 16
Acre, merchants in Kiev 122
Adalbert, bishop, mission to Rus’ 58, 60
Adashev, Aleksei Fedorovich, courtier to
Ivan IV 255
Adrian, Patriarch (d. 1700) 639
Adyg tribes 530
Afanasii, bishop of Kholmogory, Uvet
dukhovnyi 633
Agapetus, Byzantine deacon 357, 364
‘Agapetus doctrine’ 297, 357, 364, 389
effect on law 378, 379, 384
agricultural products 39, 315
agriculture 10, 39, 219, 309
arable 25, 39, 287
crop failures 42, 540
crop yields 286, 287, 294, 545
effect on environment 29–30
effect of environment on 10, 38
fences 383n. 92
flax 288
in geographic zones 2, 25, 29
land uncultivated (1580s) 264, 281, 293n. 29,
294
livestock 25, 29, 39, 288, 290
resources 38–9
in Siberia 27, 563
systems
long-fallow (perelog) 29
shifting cultivation (zalezh) 29
slash and burn cultivation 25, 26,
292
strip-field 293
three-field 293, 294
tools and implements 291–2
in towns 309, 598
Ahmed, khan of the Great Horde 223, 237,
321
Akakii, Bishop of Tver’ 353
Alachev, Mansi chief 334
˚
Aland islands, possible origins of Rus’ in 52,
54
Albazin, Fort, Amur river 528
alcohol
peasants’ 289
regulations on sale of 575, 631
Aleksandr, bishop of Viatka 633, 636
Aleksandr, boyar, brother of Metropolitan
Aleksei 179
Aleksandr Mikhailovich (d.1339) 146, 153, 154
as prince in Pskov 140, 152, 365
as prince of Vladimir 139, 140
Aleksandr Nevskii, son of Iaroslav
(d.1263) 121, 123, 141
and battle of river Neva (1240) 198
campaigns against Lithuania 145
and Metropolitan Kirill 149
as prince of Novgorod under Mongols 134,
136, 141, 145
as prince of Vladimir (1252) 135
Aleksandr Vasil’evich (d.1331), of Suzdal’ 140
Aleksandrovskaia Sloboda 423
Ivan IV’s palace of 257
Aleksei Alekseevich, Tsarevich 614, 616
Aleksei, Metropolitan 149, 151, 153, 157, 179–80
Alena, nun of Arzamas 610
Alevisio Lamberti da Montagnana (the
Younger), Venetian architect 233, 343,
393
Alexander, Grand Duke of Lithuania 221, 236
Alexios I Komnenos, emperor of Byzantium
91
722
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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978-0-521-81227-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume 1: From Early Rus’ to 1689
Edited by Maureen Perrie
Index
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Index
Alexis (Aleksei Mikhailovich), Tsar
(d.1676) 443–51, 463, 511, 614
and Church reform 627–8, 636
and Patriarch Nikon 629, 633, 634
court ceremonial 642
cultural interests
enthusiasm for theatre 653
and European influences 645, 660
music 654
portraits of 647, 651
education 658
foreign policy 503, 516
claim to Polish throne 502, 504
invasion of Lithuania 501
and southern frontier defences 497–8
and Thirteen Years War 445, 500
government 435
boyars’ council 458
inner (privy) council of advisers 451
and Morozov 550
and petition against salt tax 550, 601
political reforms 7, 445–50
Ulozhenie of 1649 443
popular criticism of 550, 601, 615
Alkas, chief of Kabardinians 332, 333
Alphabet (Bukvar’), illustrated (1694) 649
Altmark, Treaty of (1629) 490
amanat (submission of hostages) 331, 333
Ambassadorial Chancellery (Posol’skii
prikaz) 225, 446, 455, 517
and Filaret’s policies 488
amber 196
America
colonisation of 319
farmers 286
amulets 341
Amur, river 527, 528
frontier 327, 527
Anastasiia, daughter of Petr Mikhalkovich
198
Anastasiia Romanovna, first wife of Ivan
IV 8, 246, 277, 346, 428
Anastasius of Cherson 67
Andrei Aleksandrovich (d.1304) 137, 138, 143
as prince of Vladimir 137, 141–2
Andrei, bishop of Tver’ 152
Andrei Bogoliubskii (d.1174), son of
Iurii 110–12, 125
autocratic rule 112
capital at Vladimir-in-Suzdalia 110, 111, 125
capture of Kiev (1169) 110
prince of Suzdalia 108
prince of Vyshgorod 105
and principle of succession 110–11
Andrei Dmitr’evich (d.1432), of Mozhaisk 172,
173
and Kirillo-Belozerskii monastery 345
Andrei the Elder, son of Vasilii II (d.1493) 216,
223, 237
Andrei Fedorovich, prince of Rostov
(1364) 167
Andrei Iaroslavich (d.1252), as prince in
Vladimir 135
Andrei Ivanovich, son of Ivan III, of Staritsa
(d.1537) 221, 241–2, 250
Andrei Rublev, artist 197
Andrei, son of Vladimir Monomakh 102
Andrei the Younger, son of Vasilii II
(d.1481) 216, 223
Andrusovo Armistice (1667) 470, 506, 507, 532
extended 514
Ottoman Empire and 508
Ukrainian cossacks’ discontent with 507
Anfim, son of Sil’vestr (priest) 354
animism, in northern regions 318
Ankudinov, Timoshka, impostor 615
Anna, daughter of Emperor Isaac II Angelus,
wife of Roman Mstislavich 117
Anna, daughter of Iaroslav, wife of Henry I of
France 91
Anna of Kashin, cult of 639
Anna Koltovskaia, wife of Ivan IV 247
Anna Porphyrogenita, wife of Vladimir
Sviatoslavich 65, 67, 91n. 42
Anna Vasil’chikova, wife of Ivan IV 247
Antoniev-Siiskii monastery 280
Antonii, St, of Kiev 352
Anzerskii Skit monastery 629
apocalyptic writings 627
Arabs
and the Khazars 51
and Rus’ 53, 56
Arcadiopolis 61
archaeology
evidence of political turbulence
(c.860–c.871) 53
Novgorod 188, 194, 195
and Scandinavian settlements in Rus’ 48,
53, 54, 59
Archangel, port of
commercial trading links 315
constructed (1583–4) 10, 301, 315, 595
European merchants in 307, 592
fortifications 596
growth of 592
architects, Italian 233, 343, 393
723
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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978-0-521-81227-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume 1: From Early Rus’ to 1689
Edited by Maureen Perrie
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Index
architecture
17th century 644–6
church styles 111, 343–4, 644, 645
Novgorod 197, 209
engineering innovations 643
‘Moscow Baroque’ 644–6
new domestic forms 598
and ritual 390–4
Western ideas in 645
aristocracy see boyars; military servitors;
servitors (service classes)
aristocracy, Lithuanian, influence on
Muscovite government 232, 236n. 48
armies, Muscovite 218, 264
administration, effect of Thirteen Years
War o n 506, 510
conscription (levies) 498, 506
costs of 490
pay rates 470
tax funding for 470–1, 506, 518
defection to False Dmitrii 281, 284
expansion and improvement (under
Romanovs) 518
foreign formations 7, 545
cavalry 470, 490, 494, 518
infantry 470, 494, 518
made permanent 498–9
infantry 506
mercenaries 490
regimental formations 218
Borderland and Riazan’ arrays 494, 497
Great Corps 494, 497
Rear Guard 497
Va ngu ard 497
service Tatars (non-Christian) 534
training 414, 498
use of gunpowder 218
use of Tatar weapons and tactics 218
see also frontier, southern, defences;
pomest’e system
Armoury Chancellery 567
art 14
Byzantine tradition 648, 658
church frescos 197, 643
European 647
non-religious 650
realistic 648
religious 95–6, 660
traditional Russian 660, 662
see also architecture; artists; culture; icons;
literature; painting
Artemii, Non-possessor monk 354, 356
as reformer 355
artists
composers 654
medieval, Novgorod 197–8
Russian and foreign 649
Asia
cultural contact with 36
see also China
Askold, non-princely Varangian 47
Assembly of the Land (zemskii sobor) 8, 435,
469
1648 elections to 551
called by Ivan IV (1566) 259
composition of 461
convened (1642) (Azov crisis) 496
and election of Boris Godunov as tsar
(1598) 278–9
election of Michael Romanov (1613) 8,
428
interpretation of 461–2
and restoration of order (1613–18) 488
and Ulozhenie (1648–9) 461, 551
Astrakhan’ 40, 300
and arrival of Kalmyks 521
attacked by Timur 160
Black Death at 159
massacre of elites by Razin 606
and opposition to Shuiskii 417
Ottoman-Crimean expedition against
(1569) 326–7
population 583
trade 133, 537
Zarutskii’s reign of terror 429
Astrakhan’, khanate of 2, 318, 321
conquered by Ivan IV (1556) 255, 256,
323
as successor to Great Horde (1502) 234,
235
Auditing Chancellery (formed 1656) 470,
479
Austria, merchants in Kiev 122
autocracy 15, 267
and changing nature of law 385
developed by Boris Godunov 279
and elite culture 641
lack of limitations on 9
unaffected by Time of Troubles 430, 435
under Alexis 451
see also ‘Agapetus doctrine’; tsar
Avramii of Smolensk, Life of 108
Avvakum, Archpriest 627, 633, 636, 637
Life of 656
Ayuki, Kalmyk khan 525
Azak see Tana
724
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978-0-521-81227-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume 1: From Early Rus’ to 1689
Edited by Maureen Perrie
Index
More information
Index
Azov (Azak)
Don cossack raids on 503, 523
occupied by Don cossacks 495–6, 523
Ottoman fort at 325
taken by Russia (1696) 525
Baikal, Lake 527
Bakhchisarai, armistice of (1681) 513, 607
Baku, Caspian Sea 529
Balash, Ivan 601
Balashovshchina uprisings (1632–3) 601
Balkans 37, 60–2
see also Bulgaria
Balovnia, cossack leader 487
Baltic peoples 23, 30, 36
Baltic region
Muscovy and 531–3
see also Estonia; Lithuania; Livonia
Baltic Sea
access to 257, 270, 487
port of Narva 10, 300, 315
trade 37, 104
through Novgorod 133, 208, 314
bandits, on trade routes 161
banks, lack of 540, 591
banquets 642
Baraba Tatars 537
Barabash, Iakov Fedorovich, Zaporozhian
ataman 503
barter 540
Bashkin, Matvei, trial for heresy 356
Bashkirs 330, 336, 537
as fugitives among Kazakhs 534
legal jurisdictions 563
in Middle Volga region 533
as Muslim subjects of Muscovy 320, 336
relations with Muscovy 534–5
Bashmakov, B.M. 612
Basil II, emperor of Byzantium 65–6
Basmanov, P.F., general 284, 411
defection to False Dmitrii 412
bathhouses 289
Batih, massacre at (1648) 498, 500
Batory, Stefan, king of Poland-Lithuania 257,
264
Baty, khan of the Tatars 123, 134
and building of Sarai 130
siege of Torzhok 198
beads, glass 52, 54
beehives, peasants’ 289
Begadyr Girey, khan of Crimea 496
Beklemishev, Ivan, on Maximos (Maksim) 353
B
´
ela III, king of Hungary 114
B
´
ela IV, king of Hungary 141
Belarus’ (Belorussia)
cultural influence of 645
legal jurisdictions 564
Belarus’, Lithuanian, Muscovite invasion
(1654) 500, 501
Belarus (modern), claim to origin of Rus’ 2,
19
Belek-Bulat, Nogai mirza 323
Belev, battle at (1437) 164
Belgorod 114, 497, 583
besieged by Pechenegs 68
bishopric at 69, 93, 623
fortified town 68, 270, 301
Belgorod defensive line (southern
frontier) 41, 469, 470, 494, 512, 524
extension of 524
gaps in 497
new fortified towns on 580
regional military administration 469, 497,
586
and settlement 549
bell-making 641
Belokolodsk 579
Beloozero 26
original Ves inhabitants 47
principality of 135, 144, 154, 155
Belozersk 224
Bel’skii, Bogdan Iakovlevich, oprichnina
noble 265, 412
disgraced 280
Bel’skii, Fedor Ivanovich, Lithuanian prince
(in Muscovy) 236n. 48
Bel’skii princes, court faction under Ivan
IV 242
Berdibek, khan of the Golden Horde 154, 157,
158
Berestovo, Kievan princely residence, church
of the Saviour 95
Berezov, fortified town 318
Bering Strait 31
Bersen-Beklemishev, I.N., court official 225
Bezhetsk, Novgorod 202
Bezmin, Ivan, icon-painter 648
portraits by 651
bibles
illustrated 649, 650
Ostrih Bible (1581) 619
printed 350
Slavonic 350
Bilibin, Ivan, artist 662
birch bark documents, Novgorod 14, 73, 188,
195, 197, 206, 373n. 53
725
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Birka, burial ground 59
bishoprics (eparchies) 93, 338
new 623, 638
Novgorod 69, 93, 202, 338
Rostov 93, 128
size of 623
Smolensk 107–8
‘tenth men’ (administrators within
eparchies) 339, 356
Bitiagovskii, Mikhail, secretary in Uglich 275
Black Death (1346–52) 131, 159, 170
Black Sea 37
Ottoman Turks’ control of 159
blasphemy 560
boats
burned in barrow graves 59
river craft 33, 292
Bogdanov, Sila, Rostov weaver 634
Bogoliubovo, Andrei’s court near
Vladimir 111
Bolesl
aw I, king of Poland, and Sviastoslav of
Turov 92
Bolesl
aw II, king of Poland 92
Bolkhov, battle of (1608) 420
Bolotnikov, Ivan
cossack 416
and Tsarevich Peter 418
Bolotnikov Revolt (1606–7) 41, 415–18, 546
supporters 416
Book of Titled Heads (Tituliarnik) 650
boreal (coniferous) forest zone (taiga) 23,
25–7
resources for subsistence 26
Siberia 27
Boris Aleksandrovich, prince of Tver’ 175,
176, 221
Boris Godunov, Tsar (1598–1605) 5
character 275
and claim to throne 277
coronation 279
and cultural contacts with Europe 272
death 284, 412
and death of Tsarevich Dmitrii (1591) 275–7
election as tsar (1598) 278–9
and enserfment 273, 282, 296
foreign policy 269–72
and Metropolitan Filaret 359
and patriarchy for Russia 357
reform of sovereign’s court 267–8
as regent for Fedor (1584–98) 266–79, 357
relations with boyar elite 267–8
rise of 265, 274
significance of reign 285
as tsar 279–84
see also False Dmitrii
Boris, son of Iurii, prince of Turov 106
Boris, son of Vasilii II (d.1494) 216, 223, 237
Boris, son of Vladimir (d.1015), Saint 75, 81, 96
Boris, tsar of Bulgars 61
Boris Vasil’kovich (d.1277), prince of
Rostov 141
boyar council (boiarskaia duma) 8, 438, 458–60
classes among 459
evolution and powers of 459
expansion of (under Alexis) 445–6, 459
legislative authority 459
and restoration of order (1613–18) 488
role as council of state 217, 435, 438
tsar’s power over promotion to 441, 451
under Boris Godunov 267, 279
boyars
accusations of treason against 613–14
approval required for decrees, treaties and
meetings 217, 225
effect of Time of Troubles on power of
430
and False Dmitriis 413, 421
as landowners 268, 625
and minority of Ivan IV 242, 247, 249
as object of popular revolts 612–13
portrait paintings of 651–2, 659
power of in Novgorod 192–8, 199, 203–5,
207
as provisional government after deposition
of Vasilii Shuiskii 424
role in state of Muscovy 213, 217, 224–5
as senior members of druzhina 82
service (vassal) princes ranked with 224
under Boris Godunov 267–8, 279–80
see also servitors (service classes)
Bratislava, merchants in Kiev 122
Brest, Union of (1596) 619, 627
Briacheslav, son of Iziaslav (d.1044), as prince
of Polotsk 75
Briansk, on trade route 218
bribery
community ambivalence towards 484
embracery (posuly) 482–3
gifts and gratuities 483–4
legal prohibition on 377
in local government 482–5
see also corruption
bridges (and fords) 35
maintenance of 35
Moscow 643
Britain
726
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978-0-521-81227-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume 1: From Early Rus’ to 1689
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Index
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Scandinavians in 51, 59
see also England
Briukhovets’kyi, Ivan, Zaporozhian cossack
hetman 505, 507, 508
brooches, Scandinavian-type 54, 59
Bryn, on trade route 218
Buczacz, Treaty of (1672) 509, 510
Buczynski, Jan, secretary to False Dmitrii 415
Buczynski, Stanisl
aw, secretary to False
Dmitrii 415
Bug, river 64
building materials
masonry 597
churches 94, 104, 343
Moscow 169
wood 25, 94, 188, 597, 646
building techniques
adapted from Byzantium 68
log cabins 55
building(s)
effect of Mongol invasions 132
survival of 73
see also architecture; churches and church
building
Bukhvostov, Iakov, church builder 645
Bulgaria
bishops from 94
relations with Galicia 114
Bulgars, khanate of 54–5
Bulgars, Volga 112, 127
attack on Byzantium 65
Sviatoslav’s attack on 61, 64
Bulgars, Volga-Kama 104, 118, 125
B
¨
ulow, Niklaus, L
¨
ubeck doctor 354
and first Slavonic Bible 350
bureaucracy
in chancelleries 268, 454, 457
growth of 11
moves towards rationalisation 471–80
burial grounds
Christian 69
see also chamber graves
Buriat peoples 528
Burtas, Sviatoslav’s attack on 61
Bussow, Konrad, on Polish occupation of
Moscow 359
Buturlin, A.V., army commander, invasion of
Lithuania 501
Byzantine law
Ekloga 362
Nomocanon (church law) 86, 362, 561
Procheiros nomos 362
Byzantium
cultural influence of 37, 49, 96, 648, 658
and expulsion of Sviatoslav from Balkans
62
and fall of Constantinople (1453) 184
imperial coronations 245–6, 398, 399, 400
and influence of Christianity 60
political theory of relations of heads of
state and church 219
relations with Galicia 114
relations with Golden Horde 133
relations with Rus’ 90–2, 123
religious mission to Rus’ (860s) 53
and Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich 115
and threat from Ottoman Turks 159, 183
trade 51, 55, 57–9
see also Constantinople
cadastres
15th-century, Novgorod 207
general survey (1677–9) 471
as written sources 300
see also censuses
Cantacuzene, Foma, Ottoman diplomat,
murder of 495
capital, accumulation of 542
capital punishment 361, 381, 477, 577
carpenters, Moscow 590
Casimir IV, king of Poland-Lithuania 205,
234, 236
Caspian Sea 256, 326, 529
Caucasus, north 2, 256, 324–7
hostages (military liaisons) from 333
Kabardinians 324–5, 530
Kalmyks in 524
Russian expansion into 529–31
trade 196, 326
see also Chechens; Daghestan;
Kabardinians
Caves monastery, Kiev 48, 352
church of the Dormition of the Mother of
God 95, 96
Paterik (Paterikon) chronicles 97
writings from 96
censuses
1646–7 550, 581
1678–9 557, 581
Mongol, in Novgorod 136
see also cadastres
Central Europe, Saxon silver mines 61
centralisation
law as means of 9, 378
and state control over towns 307–9, 477
state role in 559
727
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-81227-6 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume 1: From Early Rus’ to 1689
Edited by Maureen Perrie
Index
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