Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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n blue sky laws
Laws formulated in the US in the early 20th century to protect unwitting investors
from fraudulent schemes involving fake securities and so called in reference to
a judge’s statement that such schemes had no more basis than ‘so many feet of
blue sky’.
n blue-sky project, research
Theoretical research carried out without a specific aim or regardless of any possible
practical application. See sky blue.
n blue stars
The colour of a star indicates the range of its temperature with blue stars being
the hottest. Blue-white is the next in intensity followed by white, yellow, orange
and then red. Stars are divided into seven types referred to by the letters: O B
A F G K and M – M stars being the coolest. Each star type is further classified
by the numbers 0 to 9 – 9 being the coolest so that the sun is classified as a G2
indicating that it is yellow in colour and has a surface temperature of between
5,000 and 6,000 degrees Kelvin.
n blue-stocking
An epithet disparaging of an over-intellectual woman described by JJ Rousseau
as ‘a woman who will remain a spinster as long as there are sensible men on earth’.
However, according to Michael Quinion in his erudite World Wide Words the
first blue-stocking was possibly male – namely, the 18th century poet Benjamin
Stillingfleet – who could not afford the black silk stockings customarily worn by
the gentry at the literary evenings to which he was invited.
c bluet
The blue of the cornflower – bluet being French for ‘cornflower’ and a variety
of US cornflower.
n bluetooth
A revolutionary new system allowing electronic devices to communicate with each
other over short distances by means of radio waves. Bluetooth technology, for
example, allows mobile telephones to communicate with a personal computer
instructing it to turn on or off a particular piece of equipment in the home. So
called after King Bluetooth of Denmark a powerful Viking who in the 10th century
managed to force peace on hostile factions.
64 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
n blue trout
Trout cooked in vinegar the effect of which is to turn it blue. Referred to in menu
terminology as ‘truite au bleu’.
n blue verditer
Blue copper pigment.
c BlueViolet
One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. Its hex code is #8A2BE2.
n blue-vitriol
Copper sulphate.
n blue water
The open sea.
n Blue Wool Scale
British standard (BS 1006-97) commonly referred to as ‘the Blue Wool Scale’ (BWS)
adopted as an International Standard (ISO) and used by some manufacturers as
the standard for measuring the lightfastness of their pigments – BWS 7 and 8
indicating an extremely permanent pigment. See also ASTM.
adv bluely
With a blue appearance.
n bluey
The flimsy blue note-paper supplied to British troops serving abroad, enabling
them to send letters to friends and family, free of charge, by a system dating back
to 1799 and now operated by the British Forces Postal Office (BFPO). An updated
electronic system known as ‘e-bluey’ is also operated by the BFPO which prints
out email messages addressed to serving members of HM Forces. Also, tending
towards the colour blue.
n blue yonder
The far distance; also referred to as ‘the far green yonder’.
a bluish
Tinged with blue; bluish rather than blueish.
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c blunket
A greyish blue.
vb blur; to
To smear paint; to make indistinct.
vb blush; to
To change one’s facial complexion when becoming embarrassed, stressed or
angry; to colour, flush, go red or redden.
c blush
Red-coloured; having the same colour as a blush.
c blush pink
Delicate pink.
c blush rose
A delicate pink; also seen as a dark shade of rose.
n blusher
A cosmetic used to add colour to the face and to give it shape. Available in many
forms including powder, cream, gel and liquid stain.
c boat-green
Used by Charles Dickens in his Nicholas Nickleby.
n body
The filler creating the opacity of paint in gouache.
n body colour
See gouache and masstone.
c bois de rose
The dark rich brown colour of rosewood.
a bold
As regards colour – emphasised, standing out, striking.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
66 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
n bole
An orange red or reddish-brown earth colour used as a pigment; originating
from the unctuous clays of the same name.
a bombasic
Having a pale yellow colour.
a bombycinous
Having a pale yellow colour.
c bone black
An ancient black pigment derived from carbonised bones and used to the present
day.
n bone brown
Charred bone dust.
c bone white
A white pigment used since the Middle Ages consisting in the main of calcium
phosphate.
c bonny blue
A blue colour also referred to as ‘Scotch blue’.
c Bordeaux
A bluish red the colour of Bordeaux wines.
n Bordeaux
Red obtained from beta naphthol.
c Bordeaux blue
A shade of blue.
c Botticelli blue
A pale greyish-blue.
c Botticelli pink
A shade of magenta.
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n bottle-blonde
Someone with hair dyed blonde as opposed to naturally blonde hair.
c bottle green
The dark green of some wine bottles; also a dark yellowish green.
n bow-dye
A scarlet dye taking its name from Bow in Essex.
a box-coloured
Dyed by immersion into a tray.
c bracken
The olive-brown or orange brown colour of bracken.
c bran
The brown colour of bran.
a brazen
Having the colour of brass; made of brass; without shame.
n brazilin
A red pigment derived from Brazilwood and used as a dye.
c brazilwood
A vivid red colour from the dye of the tree of the genus Caesalpinia known as
the Brazil tree which begot the name of the country rather than vice versa.
n break colour
See broken colour.
c Bremen blue
Blue copper pigment.
c Bremen green
See malachite.
68 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a brended
Variegated (obs.).
c brick
The deep orange-red of brick; lateritious.
c brick-red
Having the colour of red brick; in the US a brownish or yellowish red colour.
a bricky
See lateritious.
a bright
Used in relation to colours to indicate vividness or intensity; emitting or reflecting
a lot of light; glistening.
n brightening agent
An additive which when applied to textiles heightens their brightness.
n brightness
The condition of being bright. The value or luminosity of a colour. Yellow has
the highest value in the spectrum and violet is the darkest in the spectrum. The
two extremes of brightness are, of course, black and white. The addition of black
or white to a hue changes its brightness. See tint, tone and shade. Brightness
is referred to in some colour notations as ‘value’.
a brilliant
Sparkling, shining, vivid, reflecting a large amount of light or brightness, lustrous,
gleaming. See brilliant dyes.
n brilliant black
The black food additive (E151). Also called ‘Black PN’.
n brilliant blue FCF
The blue food additive (E133).
n brilliant dyes
Colorants including brilliant red, blue, orange, violet, black, yellow, green, flavine
and pink.
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n brilliant green
A disinfectant.
n brilliant scarlett 4R
A red colouring agent added to food (E124). Also called ‘Poncean 4R’.
c brilliant yellow
Mixture of cadmium yellow and Cremnitz white or zinc white.
a brindled, brinded
Flecked with or having a streak of a darker colour, particularly, as regards dogs.
See also tabby.
c brique
A light brownish red; found only in the OED and French dictionaries.
c brochure-blue
The clear shimmering blue of the sea as appearing in all travel brochure
illustrations.
a brocked
Having a black and white mottled appearance.
c brocoli green
The green shade of the vegetable brocoli.
a broken
As regards a colour, altered by adding another colour or colours.
n broken colour
A diverse term used to describe a variety of effects such as
the technique of interspersing flecks of colour with another
colour or colours used, in particular, by the Impressionists
and creating a blended effect when observed from a suitable
distance; the effect produced by the random distribution of
particles of colour on a surface; pure colours intermixed with
black; the result of mixing one colour with another; the effect
of an underlying layer of colour showing through a
superimposed layer of oil paint; a new tone of a particular
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
70 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
colour created by juxtaposing another colour with it; the application of different
shades of paint or glaze to a base coat which is broken up in a number of different
ways to create a special finish for decorative purposes – see, for example, graining
and marbling. As regards flowers, the result of them having burst into colour.
n broken white
White paint or other pigment to which a tint is added without producing a definitive
alternative colour.
vb bronze; to
To tan usually by the sun’s rays or some cosmetic application (hence a ‘bronzer’);
to carry out a process of covering a work of art, such as a sculpture, in bronze.
c bronze
The brilliant brown colour of the metal – bronze; derived from ‘Brindisi’ the town
in Italy. Bronze sculptures left to the elements will, by a process of oxydization,
develop a patina of verdigris and turn green in colour.
n bronze medal
The third prize after the gold and silver prizes in games, sports and other pursuits
including, in particular, the Olympic Games.
n bronzing
A pigment added in the process of manufacturing paint which results in a metallic
lustre; the metallic lustre of certain colours such as Milori blue; the process of
applying imitation gold leaf or powder to a surface.
c brown
The colour of earth and of wood; in the wavelength range of approximately 620-
585 nanometres. Latin had no specific word for ‘brown’. The Hebrew word used
for ‘brown’ as used in Genesis xxx: 32 means ‘sun-scorched’ and a variant form
of black. Its early meaning was ‘dark’.
c Brown
A colour in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #A52A2A.
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n brown bread
Bread made from unbleached flour or rye; any bread darker than white bread;
also used as a colour. For bread to be classified as ‘brown bread’ it must comprise
at least 85 per cent whole wheat grain. The Colours in Food Regulations 1995
make it unlawful in the UK to dye bread.
n brown chalk
Another name for umber.
n brown coal
Lignite – a blackish-brown coal.
n brown dwarf
A huge conglomeration of gases lacking the temperature and mass to convert
itself into a star. Very few have been located.
n browned off
Fed up.
n brownfield land
A site previously built on and now appropriate for development; in comparison
to greenbelt or countryside. Also referred to as ‘brownlands’.
n brown FK and brown HT
Brown food colouring additives (E154 and E155).
n brown goods
A marketing term for a group of consumer goods including television sets, video
recorders, hi-fi equipment and radios etc. See white goods.
n brownheart
A disease of turnips and apples causing internal decay.
n Brownie
A girl guide; from ‘brownie’ meaning an elf.
n browning
A substance used to make soups and sauces brown.
72 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a brownish
One of the ish’s.
n brownness
The state of being brown.
n brown-nose
Slang for a sycophant or subservient person.
n brown-out
A temporary reduction in voltage causing lights to dim or a reduction in power;
a partial blackout.
n brown paper
Wrapping paper sometimes waxed and originally coming in many sizes including
Kent cap, imperial cap and the largest, quad imperial (45’x 58’). Nowadays, with
the use of brightly coloured gift-wrapping, brown paper is less often used.
Reminders sent out by dentists in brown envelopes are less successful in their
purpose than those dispatched in white envelopes (BBC4 September 2000).
n brown pink
A yellow vegetable pigment. See also English pink.
c brown red
A red made from burnt ochre.
n brown rot
A fungal disease of timber and fruit trees.
a brumous
Misty.
c brunette
Dark brown particularly as regards a woman’s hair; a woman having hair of this
colour.