Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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n chromatics
The scientific study of colour and colours.
n chromatocracy
Government by a particular colour, for example, albocracy.
a chromatogenous
Generating colour.
n chromatometablepsy
Colour-blindness.
n chromatophore
A pigment-containing cell in the deeper layers of the skin of some animals
producing changes in skin colour. In the fish called the Osbeck such cells enable
it to change from red to white in 8 seconds. Many fish and animals can change
their colouring. This is achieved in some species (including the African clawed
frog) by the release of a hormone which changes the position of the dark pigment
melanin contained in chromatophores and which variously makes the creature
appear dark or colourless. See chameleon.
n chromatopsia
An inability to determine or distinguish certain colours.
c chrome
A reddish-yellow shade.
c chrome black
Colour produced from black dye.
c chrome green
A permanent yellowy green the result of mixing chrome
yellow with Prussian blue. It is called by many names
including Brunswick green, cinnabar green, Milori green,
zinc green and chromium oxide from which it is made. It is
also referred to as, but should not be confused with, viridian
green.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
94 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c chrome orange
A reddish orange also referred to as Derby red, Victoria red or Persian red. See
lead chromes.
c chrome red
A deep scarlet red also called Chinese red and Derby red.
c chrome yellow
Brilliant yellow produced by mixing sodium chromate and lead nitrate both of
which are colourless.
n chromidrosis
According to Partridge this means ‘(secretion of) morbidly coloured perspiration’.
n chrominance
The signals which provide the hue and saturation components in television colour;
that particular quality of light which enables us to detect colour.
c chromium
The grey metallic colour of the metal of the same name.
n chromium
First used by the chemist Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin (1763-1829) in 1797 in the
manufacture of a large range of yellows, oranges and greens.
n chromium oxide
A pigment used to make chrome green and also viridian. It can produce a brilliant
green sometimes described as ‘transparent green’ although the matt form is a
dark opaque green. Also called ‘oxide of chromium’.
pr chromo-, chroma-, chromato-(G)
Designating colour or pigment.
n chromocyte
A pigmented cell.
n chromogen
A compound that can be converted into a dye.
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a chromogenic
Having the quality of producing colour.
n chromolipids
Yellow, red or brown pigments.
n chromometer
See metrochrome.
a chromophil
Having the quality which readily admits of the application of dye or staining.
n chromophobia
The fear of colour. The architect and painter Le Corbusier (1887-1965) argued
that colour was suited ‘to simple races, peasants and savages’ and the art theorist
Charles Blanc (1813-1882) regarded design as having a more important function
in art than colour – ’colour is a mobile vague, intangible element while form is
precise, palpable and constant’.
n chromophores
A group of colour-producing chemicals.
n chromoptometer
An instrument for measuring colour sense.
n chromotherapy
See colour therapy.
n chromotrope
An acid colorant or dye.
a chromotropic
Changing colour or having the ability to change colour.
n chryography
The art of writing in gold lettering.
96 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a chrysal
Golden.
n chrysaniline
A golden-yellow dye also called ‘aniline yellow’.
c chrysanthemum
Used variously to signify the vivid yellow and brownish-red colours of the flower
of the same name.
a chryselephantine
Pertaining to objects made or decorated with gold or ivory.
pr chryso-, chrys- (G)
Golden or golden yellow.
n chrysocolla, chrysocollum
A shiny greenish-blue substance made by the Greeks from copper silicate and
used both as a cosmetic for the eyes and to fix gold leaf. Literally – ’gold solder’.
c chrysolite green
Of the colour of chrysolite, namely, yellowish green (although varying to dark
green).
c chrysoprase
A bright golden green or an apple green after the beryl gemstone of the same
name which derives from the amalgam of chryso- (gold) and praseo- (leak green).
c ciel
Sky blue.
c cigar
The brown colour of the cigar.
c cimmerian
Grey, ashen.
c Cincinatti Red
An intense orange-red.
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a cinereous
Grey, ashen; ash grey; especially of birds.
a cinerescent
Ashen; having a grey colour.
a cineritious
Ashy-grey as applied to nerve matter.
c cinnabar green
A non-permanent green made from cinnabar; also said to be produced by mixing
cadmium yellow (or sometimes chrome yellow) with Prussian blue. Referred
to also as chrome green, zinnober green and green cinnabar.
c cinnabar red
A permanent vermilion.
c cinnabar, cinnebar, zinnober
Mercuric sulphide used in crystalline form as a red pigment since ancient times;
the colour itself, a vermilion; see also cinnabar green and cinnabar red. Cinnabar
was widely used by the Chinese since the third millennium BC and was formerly
referred to as Chinese red.
c cinnamon
The yellowish-brown of cinnamon; sometimes reddish-brown or greyish-brown
tinged with red. Also the colour name given to deep brown diamonds having
little value. See diamond colour.
pr cirrho- (G)
Tawny, orange.
a citreous
A greeny-yellow; lemon-coloured.
pr citrin-, citro- (L)
Lemon, yellow.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
98 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c citrine
Though originally lemon-coloured (and still having that meaning in France) Maerz
& Paul show how the word in the English language strictly has the same meaning
as citron.
c citron
A browny yellow from mixing green and orange. Also ‘citron yellow’ a colour
often used by Vincent Van Gogh.
c clair de lune
A pale blue glaze for ceramics.
c claret
Reddish-violet; of the colour of claret wine; a red having the same hue as bordeaux
wine. From the Latin clarus meaning ‘clear’ from which the words ‘clarity’, ‘clarinet’
and ‘clarion’ all derive.
n clashing colours
As regards two or more colours, conflicting; colours which do combine effectively.
c clay
A light brown.
n clean colour
Sometimes used to refer to light colours produced from white mixed with a single
pigment rather than more sombre colours produced by mixing several others.
a clear
As regards colour, indicating a brightness, brilliance, purity, vividness or intensity.
c clematis
A bright bluish violet similar to the colour of the flower of the same name.
c Cleopatra
A vivid greenish-blue.
a clinquant
Glittering.
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n cloud colours
A greyish hue with a hint of perhaps pink, lilac and blue.
c clove brown
A greyish brown.
c clover
A pinkish purple.
n clown white
A cosmetic.
n CMYK (or CYMK)
An acronym for cyan, magenta, yellow and black – the four colours which are
used in colour photography and printing.The letter ‘K’ is used to avoid confusion
with the ‘B’ in RGB and also refers to black as the ‘key’ or ‘keyline’ colour. Although
black can be obtained from mixing the other three colours it is produced in printing
by using a black ink. CMYK uses the subtractive process. Compare RGB.
c coal-black
The black colour of coal.
n coal-tar
A group of aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzene) used as as the primary
raw material for synthetic-dye and paint manufacturing.
n coal-tar colours
One of many dyes made from coal-tar.
c coaly
Coal-black.
a cobalt
Indicating pigments made from salts of cobalt, for example, cobalt blue and cobalt
green. The word cobalt comes from the German word kobolds meaning a ghost
and was used in Bohemia to describe the pigment because it was considered to
be plagued by spirits.The blue colouring agent in smalt.
100 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c cobalt blue
A deep greenish-blue or purplish-blue similar to Prussian blue. Used in the
staining of glass. A synthetic pigment also known as Thénard’s blue, Dresden
blue and King’s blue first made in 1802 by the chemist J-L Thénard (1777-1857).
c cobalt green
A bright yellowish-green discovered in 1780 by Rinmann and also referred to
as ‘Rinmann’s green’.
c cobalt turquoise
A blue made from cobalt titanium oxide.
c cobalt violet
A very light-toned toxic violet pigment first used in 1860 and superseded by
manganese violet.
c cobalt yellow
A yellow pigment otherwise known as aureolin.
pr coccin- (L)
Scarlet.
a coccineous
Having a scarlet colour.
n cochineal
A natural red or scarlet dye from the female coccus cacti insect used until 1954
to dye the uniforms of the British Guards. One of the few natural colorants still
used both for textiles and in food manufacture (E120).
c cochineal red
The red colour of cochineal.
n cochinillin
The colouring matter of cochineal also called carmine.
n cockshut
Twilight – the time when the birds are shut up!
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c cocoa
The brown of cocoa powder. See cacao.
c cocoa brown
The colour of cocoa; a colour particularly popular in the 1930’s.
c coeruleum
See cerulean blue.
c coffee
Having the colour of coffee.
c cognac
A pale brown; the colour of Cognac brandy.
c coke bottle green
One of the distinctive colours of Coca-Cola™ bottles.
n colcothar
A reddish-brown iron oxide pigment; used as theatrical rouge and to polish gold
and silver. See jeweller’s rouge.
n cold colours
As regards painting, those colours such as blue, green and grey suggesting cold-
ness compared with warm colours such as orange, red and yellow. Cold colours
appear to retreat towards the background. Also referred to as ‘cool colours’.
n cold light
Light accompanied by little or no heat.
c colibri
A bluish-green also known as ‘humming-bird’.
n Cologne earth
A brown pigment made from calcined Vandyke brown. Also
called Cologne brown.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
102 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c colombe
The grey of the dove.
n color
The US spelling of the word ‘colour’. In British English spelling most compounds
of the word ‘colour’ include the letter ‘u’ as in ‘colouring’, ‘colourless’ and
‘colourant’. However, some derivatives omit the ‘u’ as in ‘coloration’, ‘colorimeter’
and ‘decolorize’.
c colorado
Colorado – the 38th State of the USA – was probably so called after this Spanish
word once meaning ‘well-coloured’ but later coming to indicate the colour ‘red’.
n colorant
Any colouring agent or a substance that imparts colour such as dye, pigment,
paint or food additives (see E-Number colours). A dyestuff is soluble in the
medium in which it is applied whereas a pigment is not.
n coloration
An arrangement of colours, in particular, the markings on animals; the
appearance of an object as determined by the light emitted or reflected from its
surfaces; to be distinguished from ‘colour’.
n colores floridi
Ancient pigments such as chrysocollum, cinnabar, coeruleum and indicum
(indigo).
pr colori- (L)
A combining form indicating colour.
a colorific
Pertaining to colour.
n colorimeter
An instrument for measuring colour and its intensity, in particular, in photographic
images. Used to measure brightness and saturation. Hence, ‘colorimetry’.
n colorology
The study of colour. See also chromatics.