Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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c Turkey umber
A yellowish-brown; a good quality umber found in Cyprus.
c turkin
Titanium dioxide.
n turmeric
The yellow powder from the root of the Asian plant of the same name used as
a yellow dye as well as an ingredient of curry.
c Turnbull’s Blue
A light blue. Sometimes taken to be synonymous with Prussian blue although
this is a darker shade.
c Turner’s yellow
A vivid yellow. See patent yellow.
n turnsole
A blue or violet dye made in the Middle Ages from the plant torna-ad-solem
(turning towards the sun) and used to colour manuscripts. Also referred to as
folium; violet-blue colouring matter formerly used in confectionery.
c turquoise
Having the greenish-blue colour of the precious stone turquoise so-named in
reference to Turkey or Turkestan being regarded as the origin of the pigment.
Turquoise is the colour of the universe according to two astronomers at The Johns
Hopkins University who have mixed the visible light of 200,000 galaxies and found
that this produces a shade a few per cent greener than turquoise. This unexpected
result occurs by the mixing of the bluish light of younger stars with the reddish
light of older stars. In time, as the universe gets much older, it is thought that
the admixture of the light from these galaxies will produce a red colour.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
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c Turquoise
One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #40E0D0.
c turquoise blue
A bluish green.
a Tuscan-coloured
Having the colour of straw.
n twilight
The period after sunset when the sun is receding below the horizon (also sometimes
used in relation to sunrise); the diffused light during this period.
c twilight blue
A greyish or purplish blue.
c twine
A greyish olive.
vb twinkle; to
To give forth a flickering light; to sparkle; to shine intermittently.
a two-coloured
Dichroic or having two colours. Also called ‘twi-coloured’ or ‘twy-coloured’. See
bichrome.
a two-tone, two-toned
Having two different or contrasting colours or two shades of the same hue. See
septicoloured and terms referred to.
a twopence-coloured
Garish or gaudy; cheap. After the low quality 2 pence prints sold in the early
1800’s.
c Tyrian blue
A greyish blue.
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c Tyrian purple
A natural crimson/purple/violet dye produced by the Phoenicians and ancient
Greeks and much favoured by Roman emperors. The dye was extracted from
the purpura shellfish in Tyre and disappeared in the 15th century. It took 60,000
of these creatures to make half a pint of the dye which had a pungent smell. Also
the colour itself sometimes referred to as ‘whelk red’. The synthetic equivalents
produced in the mid 19th century were called Tyrian purple but could not be
expected to achieve the splendour of the original colour. See murex and argaman.
n tyrosinase
The gene which produces the colouring of the hair follicle and which can now
be artificially produced and used to darken hair.
U
a ultra
As regards any particular colour, on the deep side of that colour.
n ultra red
An obsolete term for infrared.
c ultramarine
A brilliant blue made from lapis lazuli and used extensively from the 13th century
despite its high cost. Possibly used by Titian as an undercoat when painting flesh.
See Titian’s colours. The colour was first synthesised in 1828 by Jean-Baptiste
Guimet in response to a 6000 franc prize offered by the French Government and
hence sometimes called ‘French ultramarine’. Literally ‘from overseas’ – the main
supply of lapis lazuli being found in Afghanistan.
c ultramarine blue
A vivid blue pigment.
c ultramarine green
A dark green.
396 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
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n ultraviolet light
Light rays forming part of the electromagnetic spectrum which are too blue to
be visible to the human eye. Amphibians with four colour receptors as part of
the mechanism of their eyes have a colour vision superior to that of humans and
are able to see ultraviolet light suggesting that this ability might once have been
enjoyed by mammals but has been lost with evolution. Ultraviolet rays have been
used for nearly a hundred years to treat conditions such as psoriais and acne.
The study of ultraviolet light plays a vital role in understanding the stars. Since
only a small amount of ultraviolet light reaches earth much of the research has
to be carried out by means of satellites.
c umber
A yellowy brown; brown-like. The brown colour of earth. ‘All through Winter
Britain abounds in exquisite tints… but the writer who endeavours to paint this
glory in words finds himself with a galling scarcity of satisfactory epithets of colour’.
A Word In Your Ear, Ivor Brown, Jonathan Cape, 1942.
n umber
One of the earth pigments – an ancient a brown mineral used as a pigment; brown-
like.
vb umber; to
To render an object with umber making it dark brown in colour.
a umbery
Having the dark brown colour of umber.
n umbilicaria
A natural dye made from lichens and yielding reds and pinks.
n umbra
Shade; shadow.
n umbrage
A shadow or shade; a faint appearance. Also displeasure or
annoyance.
a umbrageous
Shaded.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
398 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a umbrated
Drawn in a faint or shadowy way.
a umbratile
As regards colour, tending towards a darker shade.
pr umbri-, (L)
Shadow; shade.
a umbriferous
Shady; providing shade.
a unbleached
Not bleached.
a uncoloured
Without any colour; not having been coloured.
n undercoat
A coat of paint applied prior to further coats.
n undercolour
The colour underneath the exterior colour. In relation to furry animals, for example,
the colouring below their fur.
n underdrawing
The sketch made by an artist in preparation for a painting – a particular charac-
teristic of Renaissance artists. Underdrawings are now capable of being
detected and captured by infrared reflectogram photography. See grisaille and
underpainting.
n underpainting
An initial layer of paint providing an undercoat and a rough plan of a painting’s
light and shade; an undercoat.
n undertone
The particular bias of a colour. For example of the two blues – Prussian blue and
French ultramarine – the first has a tendency toward green whilst the latter a
tendency toward red. A subdued colour. As regards a colour, the effect produced
when diluting it with white and spreading it on a surface thus indicating the extent
of the pigment within it.
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a ungreen
The concept of a negative colour is difficult to comprehend. Elizabeth Barrett
Browning (1806-1861) uses this word in her Seraphim: ‘I see her vales, ungreen’.
a unicolourous
Having one colour. Also ‘unicoloured’ and ‘unicolour’.
n unique hues
Especially in psychology, the four colours blue, green, red and yellow particular
shades of which are referred to as ‘pure’ since they contain no element of any
other colour. For example, a unique yellow contains no vestige of green or red.
n university blue
See blue.
a unlit
Having no illumination; without lighting.
n uplight
Lighting which casts light towards the ceiling (in contrast to a downlight).
n uranine
Uranite or uraninite (pitch-blende).
c uranium yellow
Yellow made from uranium oxide.
n urobilin
The yellow pigment in bile and urine.
n urochrome
The yellow colouring matter of urine.
n urrhodin
A red colour occurring in urine.
a ustulate
Blackened or made brown.
V
n value
As regards colour, another term for tone or brightness (indicating the extent
of the lightness or darkness in a colour) and less often a term used to describe
the dimensions of a particular hue (indicating the extent of its warmth or coolness).
c Vandyke brown
A deep brown sometimes a medium brown; a native earth used since the 17th
century and taking its name (curiously with a different spelling) from the Flemish
artist Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599-1641). Also known by a variety of names
including Cassel earth, Cologne earth, earth of Cullen, Colens earth and Rubens
brown. Now made from carbon black and synthetic iron oxide.
a variegated
Bearing or marked with differently coloured bands, bars, belts, blobs, blotches,
blots, camlets, chevrons, dapples, dashes, dots, flecks, freckles, maculae, markings,
mails, marks, markings, motes, mottles, ocelli, panes, patches, patterns, plaga, puncta,
rings, ripples, smears, smudges, spangles, speckles, specks, spots, spraings, streaks,
striæ, strips, stripes, swirls, taches or vittae.
a varihued
Having various colours.
400 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
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a variously-coloured
Coloured in different ways or diversely. See varicoloured, variegated, varihued,
versicoloured, multi-coloured, parti-coloured, diversicoloured, mellay. See
also septicoloured.
n varnish
A transparent solution containing resin which when applied to a surface forms
a smooth, glossy, protective top coat.
n vat dyes
Dyes made into a soluble form by use of a reducing agent into which textiles are
immersed. The dye is then oxidised to form part of the fibre.
n Vatican-rich colours
In reference to the deep red and crimson colours of the vestments worn by the
Pope and officials of the Vatican.
n vegetable colour
A form of hair dye.
n vehicle
The mixture of solvent and resin which binds a pigment enabling the paint to
stick to the colour ground.
c venet
Turquoise blue (sometimes greyish-blue); short for the Latin venetus meaning
Venice blue. Maerz & Paul refers to this term being used in the 15th century to
describe the colour of the sails of spy ships wishing to avoid detection by the
use of such camouflage.
a Venetian, Venice
Originating in Venice. The Venetian School of the 15th and
16th centuries, of which Titian (?1488-1576) was the leading
master, is particularly acclaimed for its treatment of colour.
Amongst the colours used in Venice from the 15th or 16th
centuries were azurite, copper resinate, indigo, lead-tin
oxide, realgar, red lake, orpiment, smalt, ultramarine and
vermilion. See Titian’s colours.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
402 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c Venetian blue
Turquoise.
c Venetian brown
A brown used to colour glass.
c Venetian red
An orange-red or reddish-brown natural iron oxide known by many names
according to those places where it is found including, Venice red, Indian red,
Spanish red, Pompeian red and Persian red. Also referred to as sinopia. See
also jeweller’s rouge.
c Venice red
See previous entries.
c verbena
Violet, lavender or purple.
n verdaccio
A brown or green pigment used for shading or under painting.
n verdancy
Greenness.
a verdant
Green in colour.
c verdant green
A pale green.
n verde azzuro
A bluish-green pigment possibly made from malachite.
n verde eterno
A dark green pigment used by Venetian artists of the past. See Venetian.
c verdigris, verdigrisy
Green or bluish-green; the blue-green forming on copper and brass; the green
rusty colour on ancient bronze. From the French vert de Grice literally the ‘green
of Greece’. Also called Montpellier green. Also the pigment, copper acetate.