Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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n s’graffito
The technique of scratching away oil colour to produce a textural effect or to
designate an outline. Sometimes referred to as ‘scratching out’ or ‘scraping back’.
Also used in watercolour painting.
a sabelline
Having the dark brown colour of the fur of the small carnivore, the sable.
c sable
A poetic word for black and used particularly in heraldry; ‘sable-coloured
melancholy’ Shakespeare’s Loves Labours Lost Act 1 Scene 1. However, curiously
the fur of the sable is brown. Also used to describe a yellowish brown colour.
n SAD
See seasonal affective disorder.
a sad
Dull, dark.
a saddle-coloured
Having a tanned complexion.
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c SaddleBrown
A dark brown – one of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code
#8B4513.
n safety colours
Those colours used in conjunction with various symbols, pictograms and signs
designed to draw attention to health and safety hazards and to provide infor-
mation and guidance particularly in the workplace and in public areas. Red is
customarily used on signs containing prohibitions or indicating danger or the
location of fire-fighting equipment. Blue is used on mandatory signs (such as ‘Wear
ear protectors’); yellow is often used on warning signs (‘Danger Guard Dogs’)
and green appears on signs which indicate emergency exits and items such as
first-aid boxes. There are many standards including those laid down in European
Directives and, in the UK, the British Standards Institute (‘BSi’). Standards are
also set by many organizations including the International Organization for
Standardization (‘ISO’) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research
(‘CERN’) which, for example, requires visible pipes to be colour-coded as follows:
green – for pipes carrying water, light blue – air; silver-grey – steam; brown –
flammable oils/liquids; white – oxygen; amber – other gases; purple – acids; and
black – bases.
n safflower
A plant whose petals were used to make red dye. A drying oil used to alter the
consistency and drying time of oil colours.
c saffron
An orangey-red colour or deep yellow.
n saffron
A yellowish-orange colorant made from the crocus.
n safranine, safranin
The yellow colouring matter of saffron (also referred to as
polychroite) produced from the safflower. Now refers to a
red or yellowish-red coal-tar dye used on wool and silks.
c sage-green
The greyish or yellowish green colour of the leaves of the sage
plant.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
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c sage-grey
A greyish olive colour.
c Sahara
A shade of brown; also ‘Sahara sand colour’.
c sallow
Light olive green.
a sallow
As regards the complexion, a yellowish colouring; pale.
c salmon
The orange-pink colour of the flesh of the salmon.
c Salmon
One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #FA8072.
c salmon pink
A deep pink.
c salmon red
An orangey-red.
c sand
A light yellowy-grey.
c sandalwood
A reddish brown.
a sanded
Having the colour of sand. Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream Act 4 Scene
1. ‘My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind, So flewed, so sanded’.
c Sanders blue
See verditer.
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c sandstone
A reddish brown.
a sandy
Having the colour of sand.
c SandyBrown
One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #F4A460.
c sang-de-boeuf
A deep red colour particularly used as a glaze for old chinese porcelain. Literally,
‘oxblood’.
c sang-de-dragon
See dragon’s blood.
pr sangui-, sanguini- (L)
Blood-red, blood.
c sanguine
Blood-red.
n sanguine
A red crayon containing iron oxide; also a drawing produced with the use of
such crayons.
a sanguineous
Having the colour of blood.
a sanguinolent
Having the same colour as blood.
n santalin
The chemical which gives sandalwood its red colour.
c santaupe
A light pinkish grey.
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n sap colours
Pigments made from vegetable juices such as sap green.
c sap green
A yellowy green colour originally made in medieval times from the berries of
the buckthorn bush. Modern sap green oil paint is usually a coal tar lake.
c sapele
The reddish-brown of the wood of the same name when it has been polished.
c sapphire
A brilliant blue after the precious stone of the same name. Hence, the adjective
‘sapphirine’.
a sarcoline
Flesh-coloured.
c sard
Deep orange-red – the colour of a form of chalcedony of the same name.
c sarplier
Possibly derived from a Greek word meaning the colour of withered vine leaves
(see feuillemorte).
a saturated
As regards colour, refers to the purity or amount of white light mixed with a
particular hue. The most saturated colours contain no white light. Lavender (a
mixture of violet and white) and pink (a mixture of red and white) are low saturated
colours.
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n saturation
The intensity or purity of a hue; the extent of its colourfulness; the strength or
richness of a colour indicating whether it is vivid or dull. The colours of the greatest
purity are those in the spectrum. A colour with a very low purity is on the verge
of becoming grey. The measure of the amount of colour in a particular shade is
measured on a scale so that a saturation of 0 indicates an absence of colour whereas
a saturation of {240} produces the maximum and brightest colour. The degree of
saturation can be indicated by reference to a large number of adjectives including:
brilliant, dark, deep, dull, dusky, faint, light, medium, moderate, pale, strong, weak
and vivid. Saturation is referred to in some systems of colour notation as ‘chroma’
or ‘intensity’ and was first used in relation to the process of dyeing textiles.
c savannah
A light brown.
c saxe blue
A light blue produced from Saxon blue; a greyish blue colour. Also referred to
simply as ‘saxe’.
n Saxon blue, Saxony blue
A blue dye made from indigo.
c scarlet
A bright orange-red; the colour of the clothing of people of importance in the
Bible, for example, Saul (II Samuel, i: 24) and hence an indication of royalty or
pre-eminence. Scarlet, it is thought, was originally the name of a type of rich cloth
– many colours originate from the name of the cloth normally bearing that colour
– see perse.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
350 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
n Scarlet day
A day on which ceremonial gowns or robes are worn. According to Cambridge
University rules, only black and scarlet gowns could be worn on a Scarlet day,
but the rule was changed in 1998.
n scarlet fever
An infectious disease characterised by a scarlet rash; also known as scarlatina.
n scarlet lady (woman)
An abusive term for a prostitute or woman of low morals.
n scarlet thread
The thread used to indicate that, of Judah’s twins, Zerak rather than Perez was
the first born. Although Perez was the first out of the womb, Zerak had shown
his hand first. Genesis xvii: 28,30. Hence the scarlet thread is an allusion to
primogeniture.
n scattering
The phenomenon which gives rise to the sky appearing to be blue in colour – blue
light being created as a result of sunlight passing through earth’s atmosphere.
c Scheele’s green
A toxic yellowish green pigment discovered in 1775 by the Swede Carl Scheele
(1742-1786) and used in paint and in colouring wallpaper. Also called mineral
green.
n schiller
A lustre particularly as applied to certain minerals.
a schistaceous
Of the colour of slate.
a schistous
A shade of blue.
c Schweinfurt(h) green
See emerald green.
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n sciagraphy, skiagraphy
Shadow-painting; painting only the outline or shadow of an object.
a scialytic
Casting shadows.
n sciamachy
A fight with an imaginary foe – literally a fight with a shadow.
n sciaphobia
The fear of shadows.
a scintillant
Scintillating.
vb scintillate; to
To sparkle.
a scintillating
Twinkling, sparkling, emitting flashes of flight.
n scintillation
A spark of light.
n sclererythrin
A red colouring agent.
c Scotch blue
A dark purplish blue.
c Scotch grey
A green shade of grey also called olive grey.
pr scoto- (G)
Darkness.
n scotograph
An instrument for writing in the dark. Hence ‘scotography’.
352 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
n scotophobia
The fear of darkness.
n scotopia
The ability of the eyes to adapt to dim light. See photopia.
n scumble glaze
An oil medium, which can be either clear or coloured, to which a variety of broken
colour processes may be applied to produce a decorative effect.
vb scumble; to
To soften dry colour by applying a layer of opaque colour or glaze over it; also
as a noun, the stain or glaze itself. Hence, ‘scumbling’.
c sea-green
A clear bluish-green; a yellowish-green; a colour in the Ostwald Circle.
c SeaGreen
One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #2E8B57.
c seal
Dark brown.
a searing
As regards colours, (particularly red), having the appearance of scorching or
burning.
c Seashell
A light brownish grey colour – one of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It
has hex code #FFF5EE.
n seasonal affective disorder (‘SAD’)
A medical condition the symptoms of which include depression and lethargy and
the treatment for which is exposure to full-spectrum light. Light is used to treat
many other conditions including cancer. See colour therapy, photodynamic
therapy.
c seaweed green
A yellowish green.