Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)

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c piebald

Especially as regards horses, having a colouring involving white and black (or

other dark colour) patches; parti-coloured. See skewbald. A horse having such

colouring.

c piecrust, pie-crust,

The colour of piecrust. ‘Piecrust’ contains within it, the name of another colour

– écru. Some other colourwords happen to hide colours including: atred, casta-

neous, labradorescent, platinum, santaupe, tango and travertine.

a pied

Having two or three colours in patches; parti-coloured.

c pigeon’s-blood, pigeon blood

A dark red colour.

n pigment

Any organic or inorganic substance or compound in particle form used in a

medium for colouring, painting or dyeing. Strictly, pigment is a substance, such

as an artists’ colour, which possesses body whereas ‘colour’ is the term purely

describing the visual attribute of a pigment. Pigments are not soluble in water

– a colorant which is soluble being referred to as a dye. A substance found in

the tissue of man, animals and plants providing a characteristic colour. The painted

Stone Age caves at Lascaux in Central France discovered in 1940 and at Altamira

in Spain discovered in 1869 indicate the use of two iron oxides, yellow goethite

and red haematite in wall paintings of mammoths and deer. French researchers

believe that these natural pigments were heated to obtain different colours

including red, orange, yellow, violet and purple. The caves at the Grotte Chauvet

in Southern France which contain cave art at least 30,000 years old were thought

to evidence the ﬁrst pigments used by man. However, ﬁndings at the Blombos

caves in South Africa reported in January 2002 in the journal Science indicate

that decorative art existed more than 70,000 years ago. Research at the University

of Bristol has found evidence (which includes paint-grinding equipment) that Stone

Age man in Africa used yellow, red, pink, brown and purple pigments (perhaps

as body paint) possibly as long as 350,000 to 400,000 years ago indicating that

the origins of art began much earlier than previously appreciated. See natural

dyes and organic pigments.

n pigment code

The index number given by the Colour Index to particular pigments.

304 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR

n pigment rubine

The name given to one of the reddish E food additives (E180).

n pigmentary colours

The colours produced, for example in ﬁsh, by the presence of granules on their

surface.

n pigmentation

The coloration resulting from the presence or formation of a pigment; the

coloration of animals and plantlife.

c pillar-box red

The red colour of the British letter-box sometimes abbreviated to ‘pillarbox’. The

ﬁrst pillar-boxes to be erected in in England (in 1853) were painted green. It was

a further 20 years before the distinctive red livery was used and not until 1916

that ‘pillar-box red’ was recorded in use as a colour description.

c pimento red

The vivid red of the pimento.

c pine

The light brown of the wood of the pine tree; also describes a dark green.

c pink

Light reddish-purple; a pale red. The term ‘pink’ as used to describe the colour

(there are numerous other meanings of the word) may come from the small sweet-

smelling ﬂower the Garden Pink (Dianthus Plumarius) and its many varieties

although theories as to the origin of the colourword abound. It may have derived

from the Dutch pinck meaning ‘small’. In turn, this may possibly derive from ‘pink’

meaning ‘having jagged edges’ or petals (as in pinking shears). It appears in any

event that this is a case where the colour derives from the name of the ﬂower

rather than the other way round. Also a generic term referring to the manner

of manufacture as in English pink. Flamingos are initially white in colour, but

turn pink as a result of eating sea-food containing caretonoids. Scientists at

Imperial College in London have shown that lobsters turn pink when cooked

because of the effect of heat on a protein called beta-crustacyanin. Pink is one

of a number of proscribed colours in certain areas of the UK where Town and

Country planners consider that brightly coloured exteriors threaten the archi-

tectural character of listed buildings and thus regularly issue enforcement notices

against offenders. See hunting pink.

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c Pink

One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #FFC0CB.

n pink

A reference to excellence or perfection; ‘the very pink of courtesy’ Shakespeare

Romeo & Juliet Act 2 Scene 4. See also ‘in the pink of perfection’ in Phrases.

Slang for homosexual or lesbian.

c pink carmine

A deep pinkish red.

n pink champagne

Champagne deriving its colour from the skin of the grape or by the addition of

red wine during the fermentation process.

n pink elephant

One of a variety of hallucinations or fantasies which may be experienced as a

result of imbibing alcohol (perhaps too many pink gins or pink ladies).

n pinkeye

The condition where the conjuctiva is inﬂamed resulting in a reddening of the

ball of the eye.

a pinkish

An -ish.

n pink gin

Gin and bitters.

n pink grannies

The pet name given by Diana Princess of Wales to ﬁfty pound

notes as dramatically revealed by her butler Paul Burrell in

November 2002 after his prosecution for theft had been halted

in the light of a conversation he had previously had with the

Queen. Princes Di called ten-pound notes ‘brown grannies’

and ﬁve-pound notes ‘blue grannies’.

adjective a

adverb adv

a colour c

noun n

preﬁx pr

sufﬁx su

verb vb

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n pink holes

So-called pink holes have been discovered in space by Australian scientists. They

apparently have a pink glow and are between 1 and 12 billion years old.

n pink lady

A cocktail made from gin, grenadine and egg white.

adv pinkly

With a pink appearance.

n pink noise

Noise of a random kind having higher amplitudes at low frequencies compared

with white noise.

n pinko

Slang for being very drunk; radical or leaning to the left in reference to a person

who is not quite a Red.

n pink pound or pink dollar

A reference to the aggregate amount spent by gay and lesbian consumers.

n pink primer

A primer for wood made from white lead and red lead.

n pink slip

A US euphemism for notice of termination of employment.

n pink territories

Those territories traditionally coloured pink (or red) on maps in some atlases

indicating membership of the British Commonwealth or, formerly, of the British

Empire.

n pink viagra

The nickname given to the female version of the blue drug used by men to enhance

their enjoyment of sex.

n pinstripe

Cloth or fabric with a thin stripe, particularly cloth used for making mens’ suits;

also used as an adjective.

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a pinto

Mottled or piebald; usually as regards horses. Hence,’pinto-coloured’.

c pistachio green

A yellowish-green; the green of the inside of the kernel of this nut. Also called

‘pistache’.

c pitch-black

A colour term meaning extremely black although sometimes referring to the

brownish-black colour of pitch; also referring to complete darkness.

n pitch-blende

Uranium ore producing a black and orange pigment.

a pitchy

Black; having the characteristics of pitch.

n plaga

A stripe usually of colour.

pr plagat- (L)

Streaked.

a plain-coloured

Having a nondescript colour.

c plaster white

An ancient white.

c platinum

A metallic grey colour resembling the precious metal.

c platinum blonde

Referring especially to the silvery blonde colour of a woman’s hair artiﬁcially

generated; used also to describe the wearer herself.

c platinum yellow

A pale yellow pigment previously referred to as ‘platina yellow’.

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a pleochroic

Having the characteristic of displaying different colours when observed from

different directions (see also dichroic and trichroic) especially as regards certain

crystalline forms. Also referred to as polychroic and pleochromatic.

c plum

The purple colour of the plum; a reddish-purple. The Sunday Times (8.9.02) refers

to ‘rich plummy shades’.

c Plum

One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #DDA0DD.

pr plumb- (L)

Lead.

a plumbaceous

Having the colour of lead.

c plumbago

The purplish grey of the graphite of the same name.

a plumbeous

Having the colour of lead.

c plumbine

Having the colour of lead.

c plunket

Greyish blue.

c poilu-blue

The shade of greyish blue of the French infantry men of WW1.

n Pointillism

A technique of painting practised by the Impressionists and involving an elaborate

array of dots of paint of various colours which blend together to create the effect

of brilliant intermediate colours in the eye of the viewer. Also referred to as

‘chromo-luminarism’. See also optical colour.

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pr polio- (G)

Grey.

n poliosis

Premature greying of the hair.

a polychroic

See pleochroic.

n polychroite

The colouring matter of saffron also referred to as safranine.

a polychromatic

Having many colours.

a polychrome

Having many colours in contradistinction to monochrome; also used as a noun

to refer to a work executed in many colours.

n polychrome sculpture

A coloured sculpture. It was probably not until the 19th century that it was

appreciated that most stone sculptures of the ancient world originally bore colour.

n polychromy

The process of painting or staining in several colours, in particular, as regards

statues and bas-reliefs; any decorative art involving the use of several colours.See

two previous entries.

n polyporic acid

The bronze colouring matter of certain fungi.

n polyvinyl-acetate paint

A cheaper alternative to acrylic paint using a vinyl emulsion

as the binder.

c pomegranate

The golden-orange/red colour of the rind of the fruit of the

same name; sometimes a pinkish red.

adjective a

adverb adv

a colour c

noun n

preﬁx pr

sufﬁx su

verb vb

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c Pomona green

A yellowish-green.

c Pompadour

Variously described as pink, crimson or blue and so named after the mistress of

the French monarch Louis XV, la Marquise de Pompadour. Also ‘rose Pompadour’.

c Pompadour green

A shade of green named after la Marquise de Pompadour.

c Pompeian blue

See Egyptian blue.

c Pompeian red

The red found in the frescos of Pompeii. See Venetian red.

c ponceau

A bright poppy red colour also referred to as ‘coquelicot’.

n Ponceau 4R

An artiﬁcial red additive used in preparing curry dishes (E124). Research at the

Asthma and Allergy Research Centre suggests that E124 might lead to

hyperactivity in children.

c pontiff purple

A purple.

c popinjay

The predominant colour of the green parrot.

c poppy

A bright orange-red also referred to as ‘poppy red’.

n porphobilin

A group of red-brown pigments.

pr porphyr(o)- (G)

Purple.

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n porphyrin

A group of dark red and purple pigments naturally occurring both in animals

and plant life.

n porphyrogenite

Literally ‘a person born in purple’ and thus describing someone of noble birth.

n porphyrophobia

Fear of the colour purple.

n porporino

A yellow powder used in medieval times as a pigment instead of gold and made

from quicksilver, tin and sulphur.

a porraceous

Leek-green. See porret.

c porret

A yellowish green – a porret being a baby leak. See porraceous.

a porridge-coloured

Presumably, having the colour of porridge oats – a light creamy beige.

n poster paint

Paint or gouache mainly used by children.

c powder blue

Used variously to describe both a light blue and a deep blue. Also powdered smalt

used in the washing of linen to maintain its whiteness.

c Powder Blue

One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #B0E0E6.

pr praseo- (G)

Leek-coloured.

c prasine

The green colour of the leek.

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a prasinous

The colour of the leaves of leeks or onions.

n Pre-Raphaelite colours

The natural colours used by those painters, called Pre-Raphaelites, who adopted

the style of artists before the time of Raphael (1483-1520).

n primary colours

Originally, the colours of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,

violet. As regards surface colour, pigments and paints the term now usually

refers to the three colours red, blue and yellow (also known as elementary colours

and fundamental colours) from which all other colours can, in theory, be derived.

Mixing all three primary colours produces black by the subtractive process.

Primary colours are colours which cannot be created by mixing any other colours.

For digital images and coloured light (for example, on a monitor or television)

the primary colours are red, green and blue (or violet-blue) (RGB) which, when

mixed, make white by the additive process. See additive colour and digital

colour. The primary colours in printing are cyan, magenta, yellow and black

(CMYK) and in colour photography, cyan, magenta and yellow. There have been

other triads of primary colours – such as black, white and red – which have had

widespread appeal over the ages. Also Aristotle’s puniceus, viridis and purpureus

– the exact hues of which are unknown. See also secondary colours, subtractive

primary colours and additive primary colours.

n primary visual cortex

That part of the occipital lobe at the rear of the brain (referred to as V1) which

receives signals from the eye via the optic nerve and dispatches them to other

parts of the brain for processing including V2 and V4 which process colour

information. The Nobel prizewinner Professor Roger Sperry determined in the

1960’s that, of the two hemisphere’s of the human brain, it is the right hemisphere

which dominates in relation to the assimilation of colour. The left hemisphere is

dominant as regards other disciplines such as language, maths and logic.

n primer

Any of the many various substances of different colours applied to a surface and

serving as a base in preparation for receiving paint. See gesso, imprimatura,

pink primer, red lead, and size.

c primrose

Pale-yellow. Also ‘primrose yellow’.