Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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c Payne’s grey
A greyish blue.
c pea green
A yellowy-green found in fresh green peas.
c peach
The yellowish pink colour of the fruit, peach; ‘peach-colour’d’ used by Shakespeare
in Measure for Measure and Henry IV Part 2.
c peach-black
A black pigment made from peach stones. Also referred to as ‘peach-stone black’.
c peach bloom
A deep pink used as a ceramic glaze.
c peach-blossom
The light purplish-pink of peach blossom.
n peaches and cream complexion
The classic British female complexion with a fair cream-coloured skin and pinkish
cheeks.
c PeachPuff
One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #FFDAB9.
c peacock blue
Greenish-blue.
a peacock-coloured
Having a greenish-blue colour.
c peacock green
A yellowish green.
c pearl
The light greyish-blue of the pearl.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
294 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a pearlescent
Pearly or nacreous; see iridescent.
c pearl grey
A blue-grey.
n pearly whites
A slang term for ‘teeth’.
c peat
A dark grey shade.
pr pello- (G)
Dusky.
a pellucid
Perfectly clear.
n pencil
An instrument for drawing or writing generally consisting of graphite rather
than lead. Originally a holder with a stick of graphite and now usually graphite
encased in a wooden surround – the best quality pencils being made from
cedarwood. From the end of the 17th century graphite was mined in Cumberland
in the Lake District of England where ‘crayons d’Angleterre’ were manufactured
– the origin of Cumberland coloured pencils. The development of the modern
pencil can be traced through a series of innovators such as the Germans, Friedrich
Staedtler and Kasper Faber, the Frenchman Nicolas-Jacques Conte and the
Hardtmuth family – Franz Hardtmuth perfecting the distinctive high quality yellow
Koh-I-Nor pencil in his factory in Czechoslovakia which before the First World
War was the biggest pencil factory in the world. The word ‘pencil’ originally meant
an artist’s brush and originates from the Latin ‘peniculus’ and ‘pencillus’ – a brush
which in turn comes from the word ‘penis’ in its sense of a tail. All these words
have developed from ‘Penates’ gods of the interior from which we derive the word
‘penetrate’. See colouring pencils, pastels and silverpoint.
n Penny black
The original adhesive one penny postage stamp issued in 1860 in the United
Kingdom; also Penny blue and Penny purple.
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a pentachromatic
See pentachromic.
a pentachromic
Having five colours; able to see five (or only five) colours; (possibly also
‘pentachromatic’).
n penumbra
A region of half-shadow cast by an object; in drawing or painting, a shadowy
area where the shade fades into light.
c peoli
See Indian yellow.
c peony-pink
The pink of the flower, peony.
c peony-red
A dark red.
a pepper-coloured
Presumably having the colour of pepper, but whether this relates to white or black
pepper or any other colour is not clear. (Used in Unofficial Rose by Iris Murdoch).
n perezone
A naturally occurring orange pigment.
c peridot
The dark yellowy-green colour of the precious stone chrysolite which is called
‘peridot’ in French.
n perinone
A class of complex organic synthetic dyes and pigments producing perinone red
(a maroonish red) and oranges and yellows. See organic pigments.
c perique
A strong tobacco colour; otherwise known as otter brown.
296 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c periwinkle
Purplish blue.
c periwinkle blue
A light purplish blue.
n Perkin’s mauve
A synthetic lightfast aniline mauve dye made from coal-tar invented by William
Perkins in 1856 and perhaps the first synthetic dye to be used commercially. Also
called mauveine.
a perlaceous
Pearly.
n permanence
The quality in a colour or pigment of being durable or resistant to fading or to
damage from heat, water, acid or other substances. Hence ‘permanence rating’.
Compare with lightfastness which strictly indicates resistance to light.
a permanent
Used to describe pigments which tend not to fade. The earth colours are the least
prone to fade.
n permanent
A peroxide based hair dye remaining effective until the dyed hair grows out. See
semi-permanent.
c permanent blue
A dark blue.
c permanent green
A dark green. See Guignet’s green.
c permanent rose
A pinkish-red.
c permanent white
A white pigment made from barite also known as mineral white.
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n peroxide blonde
Used, often disparagingly, to describe a woman who has bleached her hair blonde
with hydrogen peroxide.
c perse, pers
Dark blue; a mysterious word said to derive from Persia although Maerz & Paul
and Gage doubt this. In medieval times the word covered a wide range of colours
from blue to red. In Colour and Culture Gage suggests that perse might indicate
a kind of cloth. There are indeed many examples of the name of a type of cloth
coming to designate the colour itself – see écru and grège; and also Kendal green,
Lincoln green, loden, lovat, nankeen, russet, scarlet, turkin and stammel.
(The colour khaki provides an example of the obverse, that is, where the colour
begets the name of the fabric.) There are also instances where colournames are
based on the materials used to create those colours, for example, sil, sinope,
silver and gold.
c Persian blue
A strong blue colour; a pale violet.
c Persian orange
A reddish yellow.
c Persian red
A purplish red pigment. See Venetian red. Also refers to chrome orange.
c persimmon
A reddish orange; the colour of the fruit of the same name. Also the red-brown
colour of persimmon wood.
c Peru
A light brown colour – one of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex
code #CD853F.
c pervenche blue
The blue of the periwinkle, pervenche being the French term
for that flower.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
298 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
n perylene
A class of synthetic organic pigments used to produce reds and maroons; a yellow
hydrocarbon used to make dyes.
c petrol blue
The metallic shade of blue also referred to as ‘petroleum blue’; a dark bluish green.
c petunia
A dark purple.
c pewter
Having the dark bluish grey colour of pewter.
n Pfister-Heiss
A test which associates different emotions with particular colours. See also Lüscher
colour test.
a phalochrous
Dark-skinned.
n phantom colours
The optical phenomenon where a background appears different in colour from
its actual colour because of the ‘migration’ of colour from lines or patterns drawn
on that background.
n pharology
The science of signalling by means of lights.
n phenicine
A purple colouring matter.
a phenicious
Red with the addition of grey.
n phenosafranine
A synthetic red dye.
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n phenyl blue
A purplish blue dye.
n phenyl brown
A brown colouring matter.
a philimot
See feuillemorte.
n phloxine
A brilliant red dye.
n phoenicin
A natural yellow-coloured pigment.
pr phoenico- (G)
Purple.
n phoenix
A purple-red dye given its name by the Phoenicians and called such by the Greeks.
n phosphor
A tiny coating of blue, green or red fluorescent powder on a cathode ray tube
emitting coloured light onto a television screen or colour monitor when stimu-
lated by electron beams. From these three colours all other colours can be produced
– yellow, for example being generated by a mixture of green and red. See trichro-
matic and RGB.
n phosphorescence
Luminescence which continues for a significant period of time (measured in
nanoseconds) after the stimulus has ceased as compared with fluorescence where
the luminescence disappears more quickly.
a phosphorescent
Glowing in the dark. Phosporescent pigments contain radioactive elements.
n phot
A unit of illumination equivalent to 10,000 lux and to one lumen per centimetre
square.
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a photic
Pertaining to light.
n photochromic
Light sensitive; changing colour when exposed to light or some other source of
energy.
n photodynamic therapy
An experimental treatment using light-sensitive drugs to penetrate and cure
diseased tissue, in particular, cancerous tissue. See colour therapy.
n photodynamics
The study of how light effects animals and plants.
n photography
The process of creating images by exposing light-sensitive paper to a light source.
It is thought that the first colour image on a photograph was produced in 1861
by James Clerk Maxwell.
n photokinesis
The reaction of a living organism to light.
n photometry
The measurement of light and its intensity.
n photon
The energy of which light is composed.
a photophilous
Light-loving; seeking light as in certain sun-loving plants. See heliotropism.
n photophobia
The condition where the eye cannot tolerate light; the fear of light.
n photophore
A luminous organ in certain creatures, in particular, fish and custaceans.
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a photophygous
Avoiding strong light.
n photopia
The adaptation of the eye to daylight.
n photopic vision
That kind of colour vision which uses the cones in the eye as the principal receptors.
n photoreceptor
A living structure (for example, the eye) responding to or stimulated by light;
hence ‘photoreceptive’.
n photosynthesis
The process by which plants harness sunlight to produce energy.
n photosynthesis pigments
Those pigments which as part of photosynthesis are involved in light absorption.
a phototrophic
Obtaining energy from sunlight.
n phthalein
A class of dye-yielding substances made from phenol and phthalic anhydrine.
n phthalin
A colourless crystalline compound derived from phthalein.
a phthalo
Descriptive of blues, greens, reds and yellow-greens made from phthalcyanine.
See next three entries.
n phthalocyanine blue
A pigment producing an intense blue introduced by ICI in 1936.
See Monastral blue and tinting strength.
n phthalocyanine green
A green pigment introduced in 1938. See next entry.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
302 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
n phthalocyanines
A group of synthetic organic pigments discovered between 1907 and 1927
producing in particular blues and greens. See also Monastral blue.
n phycochrome
Blue-green dye from some algae.
n phycocyanin
Blue colouring matter in certain algae.
n phycoerythrin
A pigment absorbing yellow, green, violet and blue light but reflecting red light.
It is present, for example, in algae in the Red Sea thus providing its name – ‘phyco’
meaning algae and ‘eryth’ indicating red.
n phycophaein
Reddish-brown pigment found in certain seaweeds.
n phycoxanthin
A yellow colouring matter.
n phylloxanthin
The yellow pigment of autumn leaves. See autumn and xanthophyll.
n phytochrome
A bluish-green pigment in certain plants.
a piceous
Pitch-black.
n picric acid
A saffron-coloured dye made from phenol used particularly for dyeing silk in
the 1840’s. Not being lightfast it had a short life-span extended only by reason
of its use in making explosives!
pr picto- (L)
Painted.