Орлова Г.Д. и др. Английский для бакалавров. Часть I

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IV. Find in the text ‘Handicapped people do useful work’ the English

equivalents of the following Russian phrases:

люди с физическими недостатками; специально обученная собака;

зарабатывать деньги; разговаривать с кем-либо; быть в движении;

необходимо некоторое время, чтобы что-нибудь сделать; к тому времени;

быть здоровым; работать на улице; гордиться чем-либо; пополнять запас;

покупать у кого-либо; приходить снова.

V.Read the text ‘Handicapped people do useful work’. Choose the right answer

to the following questions:

1. How often does Mr. Emmons work ?

a) one day a week,

b) every day except Sunday,

c) every Sunday.

2. What does Mr. Emmons sell ?

a) brooms and mops,

b) vegetable,

c) newspapers.

3. What time does Mr. Emmons get up every day ?

a) at 12:00,

b) at 8:00,

c) at 6:00.

4. What does he do next ?

a) has breakfast,

b) does morning exercises,

c) takes a shower.

5. What time does he leave the house every day ?

a) at 8:00,

b) at 9:30,

c) at 7:00.

6. How often does Mr. Emmons visit each house ?

a) every three months,

b) every four months,

c) once a year.

7. How often do most people buy brooms ?

a) every 4 months,

b) once a year,

c) every 4 weeks.

8. How often does he get a new supply of brooms?

a) every month,

b) every week,

c) every 4 months.

VI. Complete the following sentences:

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1. Mr. Emmons can’t _______________ .

2. He has a trained dog _______________ .

3. Mr. Emmons earns _______________ .

4. He gets up at _______________ .

5. He holds Buster _______________ .

6. While he talks to people _______________ .

7. Buster doesn’t let _______________ .

8. It takes four and one-half months _______________ .

9. His brooms last so long _______________ .

10. Mr. Emmons is proud of _______________ .

VII. Agree or disagree. Give your reasons.

1. Joseph Emmons can’t use his eyes.

2. He has a trained dog to play with.

3. Although Mr. Emmons has a handicap, it’s not a big problem.

4. Mr. Emmons works one day a week.

5. Mr. Emmons sells newspapers and magazines.

6. While he talks to people the dog sits and waits.

7. Mr. Emmons likes to talk to people for hours.

8. He visits each house every 6 months.

9. He likes his job.

10. He never has any problems.

VIII. Think and answer:

1. Why can’t Joseph Emmons use his eyes ?

2. Why is Buster called a “ seeing-eye dog ” ?

3. Why isn’t Mr. Emmons’ handicap a big problem ?

4. Why doesn’t Buster let Mr. Emmons talk very long ?

5. Why do the people usually buy new brooms every time that Mr. Emmons

comes ?

6. Why does Mr. Emmons like his job ?

7. Why is he so healthy ?

8. Why does Mr. Emmons have a problem selling brooms ?

9. Why is he proud of his brooms ?

10. Why should you sell people something good ?

IX. Say what you have learned from the text about:

a) Joseph Emmons’ handicap;

b) his dog;

c) Mr. Emmons’ workday;

d) his job.

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X. Retell the text:

a) as it is;

b) on the name of Mr. Emmons;

c) on the name of Mrs. Emmons;

d) on the name of Mr. Emmons’ neighbour;

e) on the name of Buster.

Text C. A person who happens to be blind

John Bailey is blind and has a guide dog named Elgar. John finds that

many people don’t know what to do or say when they meet someone like him

who can’t see. Here he explains how to behave towards blind people and their

dogs.

• Remember I am an ordinary person, just blind. You don’t need to shout

or talk to me as if I cannot understand. If you are giving me a cup of tea or

coffee, then I can tell you how I take it − you don’t have to ask my wife.

• I can walk more easily with you than by myself, but please don’t grab

my arm; let me take yours. When I am with Elgar, I will drop the handle on his

harness to tell him he is no longer working, and I will take your left arm with my

right. I will keep half a step behind so that I can feel it when we are about to go

up or down steps or a kerb. Going downstairs, I prefer to hold the handrail if

there is one.

• It is always nice for me to know who is in the room with us, so please

do introduce me − and to the cat and dog ! And if you come into a room where I

am, please do speak so I know you’re there.

• If I am somewhere new, you will have to guide me to a chair and tell me

about things in my way or on the floor. Don’t forget about lampshades − they

often stick out into my path and I do hate breaking things!

• At mealtimes, I may ask for a little help, particularly with cutting up

meat. And you can make my meal a lot more enjoyable by telling me where

which food is on my plate - for example “ Chicken at 9 o’clock, peas at 3

o’clock and potatoes at 6 o’clock - and a glass of water at 2 o’clock ”.

• Words like “ see ” don’t worry me, so you needn’t be embarrassed about

using them; I use them too. I am always glad to see people.

• Elgar loves attention, but remember never to distract him when he’s

working, as my safety depends on him. And, of course, please don’t feed him

titbits − he gets very properly fed at home and will get fat if you feed him too !

• The most important thing of all is not to think of me as a blind person; I

am a person who happens to be blind.

( from Forward − the Journal of The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association )

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Vocabulary

shout, v кричать

grab, v хватать

handle, n поводок

harness, n упряжь

kerb, n бордюр, обочина

handrail, n перила

lampshade, n абажур, торшер

embarass, v смущаться

distract, v отвлекать

titbit, n лакомый кусок

I. Make sure you know the words given above.

II. Read the text ‘A person who happens to be blind’. Decide if the following

statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. John likes people to help him walk.

2. He doesn’t worry if he breaks things.

3. He has dinner at 9 o’clock.

4. He is blind but he can see people a little bit.

5. He doesn’t like people to give his dog food.

III. Express the main idea of the text ‘A person who happens to be blind’.

Text D. About Poverty Level

Poverty is a family characteristic rather than an individual characteristic.

That is, people are defined as poor or nonpoor depending on the economic status

of the family with which they live. Two factors are particularly important in

determining a family’s economic status: ( 1 ) the total income of the family and

( 2 ) the ratio of dependents to earners ( dependency ratio ) in the family.

We focus on six demographic characteristics that are related to a person’s

family income and dependency obligations: age, education, employment status,

marital status, parental status, and single parenthood ( the interaction of marital

status and parental status ). The first three characteristics − age, education, and

employment status − tell us something about a person’s earnings capacity

( experience and skills ) and employment effort. Higher earning capacity and

active employment increase total family income, all else being equal. Marital

status tells us something about a person’s family income as well as their

dependency ratio. Marriage can increase income by increasing the number of

potential earners in a family. Note that because poverty is a family characteristic

rather than an individual characteristic, men and women who live in the same

family have, by definition, identical poverty rates. Thus, if all men and women

were married, there would be no gender difference in poverty. Parenthood and

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single parenthood, on the other hand, increase poverty by increasing the

dependency ratio.

( From American Sociological Review, 1994, vol. 59, August )

I. Translate the text ‘About Poverty Level’ using a dictionary.

II. Answer the question:

How do demographic characteristics influence poverty level ?

C O N V E R S A T I O N

About myself and my family

Vocabulary

RELATIONS:

(by birth )

РОДСТВЕННЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ:

( по крови )

grandparents дедушка с бабушкой

grandmother бабушка

grandfather дедушка

parents родители

mother мать

father отец

son сын

daughter дочь

brother брат

sister сестра

twins близнецы

grandson внук

granddaughter внучка

uncle дядя

aunt тетя

nephew племянник

niece племянница

cousin двоюродный брат / сестра

( by marriage )

( по супружеству )

husband муж

wife жена

father-in-law свекор, тесть

mother-in-law свекровь, теща

son-in-law зять

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daughter-in-law невестка, сноха

sister-in-law золовка, невестка, свояченица

brother-in-law шурин, деверь

stepmother мачеха

stepfather отчим

stepson пасынок

stepdaughter падчерица

stepsister / brother сводная сестра / брат

AGE ВОЗРАСТ

adult, grown-up взрослый

teenager подросток

youngster юноша

baby младенец

old старый

aged, elderly пожилой

middle-aged средних лет

young молодой

elder brother / son / sister, etc. старший брат / сын / сестра и т.д.

at the age of в возрасте

to be over 20 за 20

NATIONALITY НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЬ

English ( England ) англичанин

American (America ) американец

Canadian ( Canada ) канадец

Australian ( Australia ) австралиец

French ( France ) француз

Italian ( Italy ) итальянец

Spanish ( Spain ) испанец

Norwegian ( Norway ) норвежец

Swedish ( Sweden ) швед

Dutch ( Holland or the Netherlands ) голландец

Dane ( Denmark ) датчанин

German (Germany) немец

JOBS ПРОФЕССИИ

journalist журналист

architect архитектор

doctor / physician врач / терапевт

nurse медсестра

surgeon хирург

dentist стоматолог

secretary секретарь

teacher учитель

waiter / waitress официант / официантка

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cook повар

engineer инженер

driver водитель

worker рабочий

shop-assistant продавец

actor / actress актер / актриса

librarian библиотекарь

clerk служащий

geologist геолог

mathematician математик

musician музыкант

psycologist психолог

lawyer юрист, адвокат

accountant / book-keeper бухгалтер

office workers служащие

WHERE THEY WORK ГДЕ ОНИ РАБОТАЮТ

office контора, учреждение

hospital больница

school школа

restaurant ресторан

factory / plant / works завод

department store универмаг

theatre театр

library библиотека

bank банк

Text. About Myself and My Family

My name is Oleg Ivanov. I was born in Alexin. It’s a nice old town, I like

it very much as it’s the place of my childhood. At the age of 7 I began to attend

school. I studied very well and usually received only top marks. I finished

school at the age of 17. The same year I went to Tula and entered Tula State

University. I want to become a good specialist in the field of electronics.

I was born in the family of professional workers. My father is an engineer,

he works at a big plant. Now he is 50. He graduated from Tula Polytechnical

Institute. My mother is 45, she’s a doctor and works at a hospital. I’m proud of

my parents.

I have a brother and a sister. They live in Alexin. My brother is 22. He has

a family of his own, they are three in all - my brother, his wife and their little

son. My sister is not married, she is 17 and she is a student of Pedagogical

College. She is going to be a teacher of English. She works hard and she is a

good student.

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We have a granny, she is a pensioner. She is well past 60, but looks young

for her age. She is very kind to all of us. We also have many close and distant

relatives and we are always glad to see each other.

I. Read the text ‘About Myself and My Family’ and answer the questions.

1. Where was Oleg Ivanov born ?

When and where were you born ?

What is the place of your mother’s birth ?

2. How did Oleg study at school ?

What subjects were you good at school ?

What subjects did you dislike ?

3. What are Oleg’s parents ?

What are your parents ?

4. Where does his father ( mother ) work ?

Where do your parents work ?

5. How old is Oleg’s mother ?

How old is your mother ?

How old are you ?

6. Does Oleg have a brother or a sister ?

Do you have a brother or a sister ?

Are you an only child ?

7. Oleg’s brother is very young, isn’t he ?

Are you very young ?

8. Is Oleg’s sister married ?

Are you married ?

9. What college does Oleg’s sister study at ?

What University do you study at ?

10. Why did Oleg enter the University ?

Why did you enter the University ?

11. How old is Oleg’s granny ?

How old are your grandparents ?

D I A L O G U E S

a) Read the dialogues in pairs.

A. Is your family large ?

B. No, it isn’t. We are only 3 in the family. ( There are 3 of us in the family ).

A. How old are your parents ?

B. My mother is 40. My father is 43.

A. Do they still work ?

B. Yes, they do.

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II.

A. Are you married ?

B. Yes, I am.

A. Would you tell me about your family ? How many children do you have ?

B. I have two children, a son and a daughter.

A. How lucky you are !

III.

A. Are you married ?

B. No, I’m not. I’m single.

A. Do you live with your parents ?

B. No, I don’t. They live in Rostov.

IV.

A. Hi ! My name is Tom Smith. I’m from Atlanta, Georgia. What’s your name?

B. I’m Pedro.

A. And where are you from, Pedro?

B. I’m from Madrid, Spain.

A. Oh, really? Nice to meet you.

B. Nice to meet you too.

b) Reproduce the short dialogues in similar situations.

II. Make up short situations based on the model.

Model: It’s Robert Brown. He’s 26.

He’s a journalist. He’s American.

He comes from New York.

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Substitutes:

Name Age Job Nationality Residence

Mary Smith

Tom Stuart

Jerry Brown

Robert Grey

Clair Jones

Andrew Smith

architect

secretary

doctor

mechanic

actress

lawyer

English

Irish

Canadian

Australian

American

Scottish

London

Dublin

Ottawa

Sydney

New York

Edinburgh

III. Study the Family Tree. Say whether the following statements are true ( T )

or false ( F ).

Pete + Jane

Teresa Tom + Ann Dick + Mary Dorothy

Louis Charlie Beatrice

1. Jane is Dorothy’s mother.

2. Pete is Ann’s father.

3. Tom is Mary’s husband.

4. Teresa is Tom’s wife.

5. Louis is Charlie’s brother.

6. Beatrice is Louis’s cousin.

7. Dorothy is Beatrice’s aunt.

8. Tom is Louis’s uncle.

9. Charlie is Mary’s nephew.

10. Beatrice is Teresa’s niece.

11. Ann is Teresa’s sister-in-law.

12. Tom is Dorothy’s brother.

13. Dorothy is Pete’s daughter.

14. Ann is Mary’s sister.

15. Pete is Charlie’s grandfather.

16. Beatrice is an only child.

17. Dorothy has two children.

18. Jane is Beatrice’s grandmother.

19. Louis is Jane’s grandson.

20. Dorothy is single.

IV. Work in pairs.

One student makes a sketch of his (her) family tree trying to remember all

his (her) relatives, the other asks questions and draws the family tree. Then they

compare the sketches.

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