Обрезков В.И. Гидроэнергетика (2-ое изд)

pacrreTa

HaHBbifoAiier?uiero

pex{HMa

pa6orlt

Bcex

CHCTCMbI

COBMECTHO.

O6uree

.perueHr,re

raxoir

3aAaqH

MoIKHO

IloJIlIqHTb roJlbxo

t{pIcJIeH-

HbiMrr IferoAaMH.

flpuHUnn

IIoAXoAaix

peureHnrc

H.ero

$usuuecxul't

cMbtc,,T

Mox{Ho

nofl€HHTb

TaK

x{e, KaK

H

B aHaJlornqHoil 3aAar{e

Arfl

HO. TIVCTb H3BCCTCH COCTAB

Heo6xolHrvrbre

ycJroBtifl orrTHMaJjbllofo

pacI]peAeJIeHHfl

aKTHBHbIX

Harpv3oli

B cHcTelle

npHMyr

BHA:

bftc(t\

(1

-

of,

2",rtcQrec(/)(i

-

(f))

-

bp'

(t)(l

-

"!,

(l))

=)

(13.27)

";r

(l))

-

bpt

i/)(1

-oFr.o(l))+

A,,rs

LonyCrllrvroii

3OFIbt

oHH

Moryr

6ltru

npeACTaB.r-IeHbI

B CJIeAyru-

tlleM

BHT.C:

3JieKTp

ocrasupii'r

\

nrin.

J

TO|O

trilH HHO|O

afpefaTa

T3C

npuonuxeHHo

lviolKHo

npoBepHTb

no

CJI€41r161qeMy

H3BeCTHOlvly

ycJrOBHro H3

r'r'

9'

OcraHoBKa

i-ro

anpeiaia

T3C,

pa6orasruero

c

I{^i:Nutb'n"):

Pa-

IIHoHaJbHa C

ToIIKII

speFIHn

3KoHoMI{H

Tofitttla,

ec.rin bi(N")

6o;tu-

rue

&u*"(fft".

-N^).

Anq

nycKa

i-ro

ryp6oarperara

Ao,rIxHo

BbI-

fiO,rlriffTbCfl

yCJIOBlie

br^t]

bti'

AHa.rss

coorFroureHns

br*"

"

b{f

no3Bo"Trer

uatirlt oIITIIMa,{tltoti'l

CocraB

pa6oraroulero

o6opy.{oeaillif

T3C e

,1rc6oi?

NloMeHr Bper'leHH.

Anq

ycKopeHHff iroHCKa

pe[reuHrr

r.{ox(Ho

3apaHee

paH}l(IIpoBaTb

arpe-

rarbr TAC B

rloprAI(e

y6ltsaHux b|i-

Karc

noxa3brBaeT

onbrr

paCveroe

cyror{Hbix

pex(HMoB srleprocH'

creM,

HMeHHo 3aAaqa

nu6opa

onrHMa,'IbHofo

cocraBa

pa6orarou{ero

o6opyroBaHHr

TAC

Mox{eT

Aarb

MaKcHMa;iuuntft

gKoHoNInuecxHft

:Q-

Qexr

nO

CpaBHettHto,

HaIIpHMep,

C

3aAaqeit

pac[peAeJlellHfl

rlarpy3i(H

B 3ueprocricreMe

(aHa.rlorHfl

C

3aAaqaMH,

paCcMoTpeHFIblMrr

e

r.ii.

9).

PeureHlie

paCCN,toTpeuHoil

3aAaqu

C-VnIeCTBeHHo

ycnoxiHHTcfl,

ec.ilH

]f

qecrb

rieo6xoAHMocrb

nl-ctia

orK.{ioqet.t

Hbtx arpef

aroB

B

yrpeHl'lee

BpeMg

npH

yBe,'IHr{eHHH

Hafpy3Klr,

a TaHX(e

co6IrcAeHHq

3aLaHHoro

ypOBHff

HaAex{HocTu

3.''IeIiTpOCHa6xeHHq

(ua,ruutln

pe3epBoB

B

CH-

creMe)

06o6rqHr'l

noJIyqeHHL,te

pe3ynbTaTbi

4",'If

IIpocTeHIIIero

crtyr{aF'

pa'

6Orui

o,q,uofi

f3C B

KoHIIeHTpHpoBaHHOfi

3HeprocucreMe

Ha 6o"iee

CJIOiKHL'tre.

PacfipeAeaeHHe

aKTI{BHbIX

Harp)r3ox B

?Hepro-

CHcTeMe

oAuot?

f3C

rIJIH

|ASC

rpH

3aAaHHol'l

cxeMe

.III{HHH

aJIeI(Tp.oilepeAarIH.

B

SToM

cnyqae

ycJIOBHe

6anan-

ca

:

Harpygbx' e oHeprocHcreMe

3allHruercff"

B BHAe

Sm

XPr(/)-ffrec(l)-

)rV'eci(4+AP"(/)

:

9(l)

-

0,

i13.251

T:l

i:l

r4e

Pu(t)

-Harpy3Ka

T-ro

y3na 3HeprocHcreMbil;

APs-ngrepn

MoIq-

HocTH B JII{HHflx

sJIeKTpO[epeAaqH,

,paccsnTblBae]Ible

no

SOpuyne

BK.rrrcrreHHoro

o6opylon

attfr,

T3C

H

fOC

B

repHoA

MaKcHMyMa

Ha-

rpy3Kr{

cgcreMu.

I-ipH

rrioHu)KeilHH

P.

qe,recoo6pa3Flocrb

orKrloqeHxf;

(

13.28)

rAe

o'ri rl

o|ecp-

orHccqTe

;-lbHble

nplitlocrbl

noreps

arrtiauoflt

MolJ{Ho-

cTH

B JlltHtifx

3.Tel(TDOnepeAaqll:

tlelur

6onr,gre

oi-

urtH

ofr"o

trpLIHHM

aTb

p

accMaTp

llBaeMaq

,

daPc

rr?gQt

li^^^:

-

*:.

\t'-t'zrl

L -rLl- nlV ^..^

3na,tenttn

6Ppi

Lt

o'rr", noKaSbLBQtor,

HacKo'nbKo

t13'lteHfl'lorc'1

nOTepLI

OKTuBHoLi

.ntOt4uOCTu

B

./tuHufLx,

3]reKTpOnepeAAqu

npLt

ASenU-

tteHr.tLr

(y,ttentrutenuu)

Haepa3ilu

i-ti

T3C

unu'f

3C

u

rcarc

sCnedCTEu"e

gToeo

nepepacnpedcnnnrci

ncroKtt

itottlHocTLt

I

JLI[HLtfrx

,'xeKTpone'

3anriueM

(13.28)

B cnelylou{eM

BH'r'e:

btic

i

(f) fti

(l)

:

L'rzcgrac

(f

)

ftr:c

(l)

-

b,(l)

ftr

(l)'

( 1

3'30)

rAe

lz,,

k;is

il

l?r-iloflpaBoq';ble

Ko3$$HutteHTbi;

lz

i

(t)

:

( I

-

oP",

(l))-';

ft.:c

(/)

:

[

1

-

ofs."

(l)]-';

,t,(f):[-oPpr(l)l-'.

(

13.32)

,

Telr,l

l\{ellbtuyrc

Hafpy3Ky

6yAeT

BOc-

j-n

T3C

rrrrH

f3C-

261

I ,r3

3r)

I

L{ncreHsute

3}{atleHl4fl

of,-

H

ofa."" I'IeHbue

1,

T'

e'

ki}

I

H

frrcs)

>

l.

TaxUr,t

O6paaoLt,

yqeT

noTeDb

B

cerflX

)tBeJiH{uT

brzct

I't

7rec'

't

I-lpu Sroit

3JIeKrpocraHqHH,

)'43.{eHHble

oT

ocH^BFblX

y3"rloB

HarpysKrl'

6ye,yr

HIteTb,

Kal{

r(paBHJIO,'6olltrtne

3HaqeHHfl

OTHOcllTeflbHbIX

npHpo-

croB

norepb

"

..tr,i.'-4";

TaKllx

3JIet(rpocTarlqlfi

o'r=.,

JIHHer"lHo

3a-

BHCqT

Or

HafPy3l$i

o

dAP.n

r2'Vn"

orecP

:

dvrec

:--w-

(

13.26)

3lect

ra_

aI(TIIBHoe conpornBJrenrre

o-ro

ygacTKa, Ona,

nnHiln

3JIeKT-

ponepeAaqn,

qepe3

Koropyrc

nponycxaercx

noroK

aKrHBHofi

Nr,

MBr,

H

peaKTHBHoir

0r,

Meap,

Morrlrrocrn

npH nocrofll'tlloM

HEIIpfi.tK€l{HH

Ur,

xB.

260

PacnpeAe"'iel{He

Harpy3KH

B sHeprocHcreMe

C HCCKOJIbKH},IH

f3C

LIIIH IA3C,

HCH^\ICrcU{HMH

ME}IiAY

co6oil

rttAp

aBJIHrlecxo l.i

cB

r{3

H.

3ro

o3FraqaeT

rroflBJreHne

Aonor'II-IfiTe.rlbHbIX

ypaBHeHiti?

efiAa

(13.27),

paBlrbrx

r{Hcfly

fOC:

l"rect

Qrect(t)

kr (t)-

bLU)

4(t\+

(r3.33)

3a.qaqa

onrHMrr3ar{H}r

cyroqHoro

pex{firvra

rrpH

Hail:,1.LrHtl

B

sHepf

ocHcreMe

KacKar,a

f3c

suaqure"nuHo

oc"loxillffeTCfl,

oco6euHo

IlpH Harlrl{HH

f3C

c

Ma,r-ibrMH

3FIaqetrHff}rH

x.q.o6

MexAy

crBopaMr,t.

4.rrg

raKofo Kacr(a.qa

ueodxof,HMo

B

Qrect

yr{HTHBarb

rHApa.BjlHqecKyro

cBff3b

cMex{Hbrx

13c

(noanop

v

-(to5

Me){i-Iy

crBopavli).

,Iln6oe

3HaqeHHe

pacxoAa

f

asiror:r

/-fi

f3C

6y.ler

cKa3biBarbcfl

ira risMeHeHHH

norropa

Ha (/-

l)

-ri

f

3C

qepe3

Tso6

l_r.

HarHqlte

rll-rpae.rl{qe'cxofi

cBfl3r-t

B KacKa.re

norpe6yeT

H Hs}ieHeHl.rfl

pacqeTlibtx

IIepeMet{itbt.\.

3:eco

Mol*iHo

HCno.irbsoBaTb

o6aevtr

Bofbi

B

BoAoxpaHH.,.rHUrax

f3C

HJrH pacxoAbr

fOC. B

oroM

cnyuae

yrpoua-

eTCff

pacqeT

orHocHreirbHbrx

npHpocroB

MorrlHocrn f3c

B KacKare.

Heo6xolH\'{bIe

ycJoBIifl

orrrHMz;'rbHocrH

pex(HMoB

f3C

B

crrcreMe

6y.ryr

a

H

a"r'rorHqHbr

(

13.33)

,

rAe

Qreci

flpH

ycJroBriH

riocrofiHcrBa

pacxofoB

Bcex

ocra,,llbHbt.\

f3c

B

Kacr(afe

H H3BeCTHbIX

Tro6z

H

T,ro6

J-r

Cne;IyeT paCCqHTbIBaTb

no

Sopvy,re

Q

r=c r:

?'I*"t*

-

ifacl-t

'

dr\ittt'

'

d'vp'

6141

dQrsc,

-

da#-+;q;#+=C;;'

(13'3+)

t{en

6onbirr€

T,rog Mex{.rly

crBopaMH

H

qeM

6o,ree

rny6oxoe peryJrH-

poBarrne

HMercT f3C

KacKa;ta,

TeM

MeHbure

6yaer

HX B3aH${Hoe

BjTHff-

HHe

Apyr

Ha

.4pyra

e

cyrouHofi

3alaqe. B pac,rerax

KpaTKocpor{Hbrx

pelKHM,oB

KacKaAoB

f3C

AnHTeJIbHoro

pery.THpoBaHHr

c

6oltLulillr

r.qo6

(Bolxtcxo-KavrcxHli,

fiHenposcxnfi,-

AurapcriHfr)

KaiKIaq

f3C

KacKaIa

Mo){ieT

paccMarpuBarbcfl

KaK

H3on}rpoBaHHas

6es

cBff3g

no

pex(HMy

c

ApyrHMH

siier(TpocraHr{HffMH.

B.nnnr{He

rr3MeHeHHfl

pex(riMa

f3Q

H

fA3C

Ha

[oKa3are,rH

3Hep-

reTHr{ecKoir

:QcpeKTHBHOCTH_-C_HCTeMbr

6y,ler yMeHbulartcq

npli

1,'veie

orpaHHqeunfi

co

cropoHb'r

BXC,

npH

yMeHbureHHpr

o6tevoB

BoAbr,,npo-

xoitrtlleri

qepe3

ryp6nHm

f3y

rr

clrHiKeHHrr

yAenbrroro

Beca

HX B

CiICTCM

C.

Po.rlr'

foc

u

.fA3c

r(aK peryrrflropoB

lrarpy3Ku

6yler

yBerurrH-

q{Tb_cfl

no

lvlepe

BBojla rIoBbtX

IipynHbIX

TeIIJIroBbt.x

6noxoa rra

T3C

lr

A.3.C.

llpt:I9M

ocHoBHoe

sHa.IeuHe

6yaer

HMerb He

<(rorrJrHBHbr!-r

aQQexr>

f3y,

a HX

BJtHflHHe

Ha

Ha,u,ex(Hocrb

H

)KHnyqgsrb

3Heprocrr-

creMbr.

B

sroM

cnyqae He6orrluue

f3y

6y.u,yr

B ocHoeHolr

uo,non-

Hrrb

poJIb

pesepBa

aHepfocHcreMbr.

B

pacflpereJrer-rH]r

xre

cyrouuori

HarpvsKrr

6ynyr

yqacrBoBarb

Kpynrrbre

3JreKTpocrarrr{Hlr

c 6olnurHurr

peryJrHpyroulHM

H BoAoxp

a

rrHrHrqa

M

H.

C I{3Me}leHHeM

xpHTep}rff

onTHMaJrbirocrH

}r3MeHHTcrr

rr

BHjr

He-

o6.xorrlr,turx yc,ronxr:r

pauHoHaJrbHoro

pacnpeAeJreHr.rfl

rrarpy3Kr.r

B

3rIeprocHCTeMe.

Olnaxo

noAXoI

H

MeToAbr peuelrHn

raxoitr

3a.[.aqri

61tryr

arra,rrortiqnbr

pacclrorperrrrbrM

Bbrure.

262

{3.3.

pACr{ETbt

HPATftOCpOT{HbtX

pE}+il4iAOB

fA3C

H

r3y

flPyrHx

THnoB

Paccr,torpHlr

3araqy

onTuMaJrbHoro pacnpeAeiterrHfl

rrarp)'3Ki,i

B

KouqeiirplrpoBansol'r

aHeprocHCTeMe

c

oi(Btrs?,,T€trrFior:r

TOC

Tr fAOC

FIecotsIleu{eHHoro

r}rIIa

c

o6parHMEIMH oceBbrMH

LrjrH

IrHaroHaJrbirbrMrH

B

KaqecrBe

KpHrepHff

onrHlra,'rbHocrri

npHN{eM

(13.1);

orpai.rHqeHHfl

(i3.1),

(i3.5)

yilreM

n,yre\{

Blr:loii3MenerrHfl

rircfQepeHr{rra/rbr-rbrx

xa-

paKTepucrl{K

I{acoct{brx

H rirp6rrrrr-ririx arperaroB

TaK, Kari 3To cAeaa-

IIo

B

f.;I.9.6yAeI'I

.la,Tee

cqlireTrr

peiriHlrbr

SHeproc!icreMbr

ycrar-roBrrts-

[n{i\,rr]cfl,

s

Pr(t)

-

HeilpepbreHorl

cp.vrixrlueii.

fl1'cru

e'reqeHlie

I

c1,-r

f-\3C

I paa pa6oraer

B

pex(HMe

3apfifa,

o6ecneqitBafl

rlofaqv

B

Bep\riee

Bo]oxpaFIH.:trrure

3aAarirrofo o6relra

Bo^l

br

lVrsec.

3aiei,r

s

pe.r,rrrre

pu:p",ra

3Tor

o6r,err Bo.r,br

noJFro-

crbto cpa6arbtBaeTCr{,

T.

e.

i'paBrrer-rHr

[i3oneprr]teTplirrecnir.r

1-c.rionnli

nrq

fA3C

npr{M1:1

su

rle tn

u

/,

-

qr.rc,ro qacoB

Da6orur

fA3C

B

pexifi)rax.

Vc,rosHq

6a;laltca

N{ou{HocTeri

l,.rq

rex

H{e

(

13.35)

(

13.36)

Fracocuolr

ri ri'pSutruolr

pei*(H

!r

oB

(

r3.37)

(

r

3.38)

I

'g

u,,/H f

".t

rv

lrec

-

J

Qrec

(i

)

dt

:

g.

n

t'T

\ Q..*r.

(t)rlt

--

lVF.r:c

-

0,

J

''

0

I

?,,(l)

-

P.(l)+l/Froc

(t)

--

Iilrr.,(t):0;

i:l

m

9,

(t)

=

P"(r)-Ai

l.rec

({)

-

Xfftr.,

(l)

:

0.

;-l

t-r

I{e,resaa

Srrltxuufi

npH

3ro}{

HMeer

Brrl

'

(D

-

B"

+

1,,

(l)

1l,,

(l)

+

X,

(l)

?,

(l)

-

lnQ.esc

(l)

*

l.Qraec

(l) :)

min.

(

r3.3s)

I-lpu.rteu

B KaqecrBe pacqerHbrx

nepeNreH r{brx

ffrrci

(l),

A,FEec

(/),

fflnac

(l).

Hcno,.rr,gyfr.

Elrr

peueHHfl

3aAar{H

ycnoBHn

Sirnepa, roryqaeM

B br-

palKeHiJe

AJIfi

O

nTr{ MaJIbrr0_r,o^

_

p

a cnpeAe

JTeHHR

Ha-

rpyri<u

B

3ueprocuire.\re

c

|AOC:

ryp6rrrrHsrfipex(HM

b'rect

(l)

:

brecz(l):

...:

breo,

(f)

:

b*"(Nrnu(l))

:

( 13.40)

265

:

J"r

glesc (/)

:

L

(r);

Ne*g

, ,

NrA3c

r

MOKC

A

rR:c

. MOKC

4

rn:c

r Ml,.LH

A

rR:c

iVrn:c

n \ nt4UH

rc/

rc

N:xg

PHc.

13.6.

Pacqer

onrnMa,rlbrroro

pexinN{a

|AOC

B

HacocHor\{

pe-

,KH\{e

li

i-

qec

Plic. 13.7.

Hacocnrre

DelKHr{br

fA3C c

nocroflHHblrin

r{ nepe-

veHHbrM

qHC,-roM

paSoraricil{rrx

arpeiaToB

P.rN

HacocHbrii pexHM

brect(f): brt62(i): ...: breco,(f)

:6r^r(ilro(l))

:

&,.u(N,o(f))

:

-'l"^9rnec

(/):

7^(t)'

3HarreHufr

lrr

g

i." nocrorHHbr B TeqeHEe

paccllarpHBaeil{brx

cyror(.

ousHqecxlifi

cMblcJr lr ariaJrofHqeH

lreci

?"n .tapanrepusaer routuE'

trgto afuQeKTusHocrb

I 'u3 eodbl, saKo4usae.*Iort s

eepxHee

sodoxpq-

HurrLr.t4e.

Arq

pelKriMa

3apflAa

|AOC

HnH

HC

roJ'ItyqaeM

6,*u

(ff.o

(/))

-

L*Q\rc.(f)

)

min.

(

13.42)

Tar

rax

gFaec(i/rnec)-y6uearcuafl

KpHBafl,

ro

yciroBtlto

(13.42)

6y,u,er

coo-rsercrBoBarb braKcardaJrbndfl

sarpy3Ka fAffi B HacocHoM

pe-

x{Is{e

(um

HC)

yueroM

3aAaHHoro-o6reua

UZFAsc (pnc.

13.6).

I-lpH

eror'r

Mr{Hr{r{4"{bnuft o6reu 3axar{HBae},,Ioft BoAbr

WFAH

(pnc.

13.7;

a) sa Bpe-

ua

tr

6y,u,er

coorBercTBoBarb

pe)fiHryly

TPC,

onpeAeirrerloNJy KaK

rVrec(/)

:

PI'"

(r)

-F

ruF;5H

(t)

:

const.

[*lpoue>xyroqt{o}ry

3HaqeHr{to

WFrcc

Mex'iAy

WFi53

a

I'Zfloi'{" 6y4er

coorBercrBoBarb

pelKLrM fA3C, noKa3aHHbIfi

H&

pr11g. 13.7,q.

Ec.nl.r

B

peX(Hr,te 3apflAa

yqecTb

B03MOX{HOCTb

peryflHpoBarlHfi

qHC-

Jra BKJrroqeHHbIX

arperaroB, To

Harpy3Ka |AOC

6ynet

MeHfrbcs cxaq-

Koo6pa3Ho

(pnc.

l'3.7,a).'flpH

srotvl

6y.Uyr HMerb

Mecro

pex(HMHbIe

Ma./'IbHbIlI

KilA

B

JIrc6oM

pelKuh{e.

Bonpoc o

Bbl6ope

pex(rrM a 3apn[a

BO3MOXHbIX

iIO.

N{ox(eT

6lrrt

peilteH ToiibKo c

noMoxrblo

oueHKH BCex

C,'ICACTB]IiT

OT

N:UCIiCHfifl

PC}KHMOB

fA3C.

B

HeKoropbrx

cr'r)'r{tffx

onruMH3arIrifl

c}troqttoro

pe}KHMa 3rlepro-

cHCTelrbr

c

f3V

Bo3Mo)fiFra

c

HCIIoJIb3oBat'tHeI,t

raK

Hagsteae\4oli

HH-

rerp

ari,nofr

1r.,1

ri alailH3Iip,vrcu{eit

xpHeofi

rpaQnxa

rlarp,v-3KIi.

U ctoett.ttcn

Hosbtlorb

uHTeepattanoit

rcpuooti

HaepAIKLL Bolt[cLt'

,liocTb

CllTotrHaLi.

eotpa6oTKu

SHepeuu

SHepeoCuCTe.ubt

3,

oT

r+lotl7Ho-

cru

P,

tt.Lu 3aBLICLtttoCTb

nurcoaoil

SHepeLILI

3n,,*

oT

nuKolort

ttLOu,Ho'

Qop

rtyre

3,u,*

:

3nn*

1r\in"n;

I

(ffn,,*) dNnnn.

(r3.45)

llocrpoenHafl

KpHBafl

MolKeT

6lrrn HCnolb3oBalIa

H

AJIfi

pacr{eTa

npr

3aAaHuN

iV.

or

0

Ao

P.nta^t.

'

flo;ryueHHafl

I(pHBafl

3no*

(Mnn*)

HMeer

ABa

XapaKrepHblX

yqacT-

Ka:

B 3OHe

Harpy3oK

or

0

Ao

P""nn

oHa.rlllHefiHa,

B 3oHe

Hafpy3oK

Br,rue

P.vnr

Bb,InyI(JIa

H HMeeT

napa6onu,iecKaft

BHd.

3Ta KplIBafi

IIo-

3Bo.rrfler

onpene;flTb

cyror{Ht{fi

p-exun

rrp6ofi 3JIeKTPocraHqHH

tipH

ee pa3l,reuleHHlt

B

rpaQHKe

Harpy3KH

B ElIAe

HexoTopoi?

3oribl,

orP4-

uttqengol"r

ilo

Mou{HocrI{

ropl{3oHTaJIbHbikIH

JIHI{HffMH.

fI5,crl,

rranpr{Mep,

3aAaHa

MaKcHMaJIbHafl

pa6ouan MoII{Hocrt

I-Ft

f

3C

,\ir 11

ee

c)/roqHar

Bbtpadorxa 3r

Ens

onpeAeJIeFIHocrH

'Yrilr'

ffnu*

f

I

d)

n\

(

13.41)

(

r3

43)

n

.o

D

3*"

lV"p

:t

:i

..i

,r,

.'r' J

J.]

..,I

',{

,-l

-'

I

.t

't

,[,ln

,rraxcrii\,raJlbHoro

o6beMa

tf}i#'

6yAeru

rhrerb

(puc.

13.7

,6)

rVrsc (l)

:

P"

(l)

+

ffFA56"

(l)

:

const.

Pnc.

13.8.

Pacqcr c)'rotttlbt.\

pe'

xrrMoB

fOC

lr fA3C

no uttre'

rpanlxofi

xplreoft

Harpy3t(tt

-JZ

,*M

'/

N2

N1

tu

^)4ux

rE

2il

(

r

3.41)

0

Z+

-3c

265

nycrb

3L-3r(Nr)-3t(A/r),

a

l{t-//r-rV'.

Torla

perueFIHe}I

32,Ia-

tiH

Syler

30Ha rpa0HKa Harpy3KH,

pa3MeirleHHafl

MeiKly

rcprisoFi-

TaJIbIiblN{II

;1HHHfl}IH,

COOTBeTCTByIOUIHMH nHKOBbIM

MOU-lHOCTf

}{

Nz

H

/V1.

3ro

03FraqaeT,

qro

npflMoyroJrbr-rbrr?

rpeyro.,TbutiK

abc

c

KareTa-

MH

3t

H

Nt

coBMecrlircg

c rpeyroJIbHHt<ottt o/b'c'

Ha

HHTerpaJibFlorl

Kp

HBOI{.

Han6o.ree uHpoKo

Irrlrerpa"rlbHaq

KpriBar{

Harpy3KH

HCito,'rb3yeT-

cE npH npoexTpipoBa+trl

f3C

H

iAOC, npHqeM

orJIHqHe

nor'rvqeFrFro-

fo ilo

Iler't

pex(HMa

fOC

HIIH

fA3C

or

onrtlMa.[b]roro re]t

lrelibue,

qeM

6o"rnue orpauuueulrft HaKiraifbrBaeTCr

rra

HX

pex{a}rbr

[i

qe]r

I,r

eHbue yjIe"'r

r,rr r,r i'i

Bec

3THX

3.ir

e KTp

o

cra

rr

qnir

e 3rrep ro

cH CTeI{

e.

flpaeonepHocrb

HCno,'rb3oBaFrlrfl

HHTefpa"TbHoir r<paeoi:i

i.xfl

pac-

qeToB

CyTorrHbrx

pexir-rMoB

no,LTBepiiiAaeTCfl

H

c,TeAyrouItII,I [0,(oiKeHLi-

eM.

llpelno;roxclM,

r{TO

B

KaqecrBe

ti3ofleprir,teTpi.rqecKoro

]'c.ToBtrr

pa6orbr

fOC

u;ru fASC

eyecro

(13.3)

3a-laHo

9.ac

-

//rec

(t)

dt

:

0 .

(

r

3.46)

t Oflla

HeOOXOAHMOe

yc,'lOBHe

OITHMaT'IbllOfO

paCilp€[e;10HIifl

IIa-

rp,y3xri

B 3Freprocr{creMe

AJifl

Typ6HHHoro pexH}ra ripHMer

Brr.4

br*" (N,*"

(/)

)

:

lr: l.

(l)

:

coflSt,

t-J] A.BA

14

PACT{ETH

ANHTEJIbHbIX

PE}K}4}dOS

rhgpoSHEptETl'{qEcHHX

yCTAHOEOH

{4.r.

o6u-ll{E

nofloifiEHHq

a.I,aqa

onTHMH3aqHH

ArHTeJibllofo

pelliH

foCr.tcretvle

Ii,

C,iteAoBaTeilbflo,

BCeil

3Hepfocl'IcTeMbI

B

I{CJIoM

npt'iHUH-

nlla,'IbtlO

}/I3.r-IO OT,,llitIl0TCtt

OT 3aAaql'i,

paCCMOTpeHLIOl"l

B

fiI.

13'

Aerl-

crBHTe.,'ibFIC,

JIo6yfo 3aIaqy

onrllMH3aUIill

AJIHTe,'Ibllofo

peXiliMa

lvloiKHo

npe-1craBlirb

B Tot:t

i{{e

iIoCTaHoBKe,

KaK

H

AiIn

CyToK

c

yBe'rlHqeH-

lrb6,r

pecr{erubr}{

riirrepBaroM

f, I{o

npH 3ToM

3Ha'-IIITe"rlb}'{o

Bo3pacra-

eT

pa3}/repHocTb

3aJ,aqt.i;

ee

peueHHe

cTaHoBI{TCI{

B03VlOXiFIblM

ro;-lbKo

rra

coBpe.\rerrHbr.\

3BiU c

6sicrpoAeficrBHeM

B

ltHJ;lHottbl

oIeD

aqllr'l

B

ceriviriv

c

iieorpatiliLlettirrrrM

o6'bevror.r

fta!tflTIL

Pea.,l!{3au}tfl

flo-Lo6Hol:{

3a

Iaq

H oc!'uecTB.:lf

eTcfl

ToilbKo

B

p

acqeTax,

ilpec.'lej.i'rou{HX

p

eueHHe

TeopeTHr{ecK}rx

npo6;'leMrlblx

BoIIpocoB.

B npaKTHKe

3Kcit"tyarar{H}r

3FreprocHCTeM

orpa}KaeTCfi

cilox(HB-

uafcff

IIepapxHqecF(af

cTpyKT\/pa

y|IpaBJ'IeHHff

]iX

pexiHMaN{H,

yt{H-

TblBaloluafl

H

oco6eHIiocrH

3a.1aql{

AitF-

6orrsutoro

flepvo'.a

Bpe-

lleHt{

I

Ielicretire.irbt{o,

onrnMli3at{Hr

-1"'utre;lbHbtx

pex\HMoB

B

orJtliqHe

orKparKocpoqitoiionruMll3al{HIittMeeTc"Ie'1}Itou{HeocoSeHIIocrHl

6o,rtutt'ro

nofpe[rF{ocrb

ri,cxoAHoi.'t

HgQopMaqHl.t;

Heo6xoJ.}iMocrb

yqe-

Ta ce3otrrrbtr

ri3)tenerrrifi

rpaQr*,a

Harp)'3Kn H

6i,troeoft

npltrotlFlocrtl;

n3Metrelilre

xapaKTepucrrrK

rrlix(ttero

6uoSa 3t'tr'{oii

tt.rII'i

JleTo}'{

Bc.lex-

cTBge

;t€JOBbtx,\'C"tOBHli

H.,'ltt

3apaCTallHf

Bo,{oToKoB

paCTeHHR}{H;

l.t3ir{eire}rHe

{HCr3 l{

cocraBa

o6opyroaatrfl.

Ha 3J'IeKTpocraHIrHffx

i

Bcrel.crBtre

pelroHra; 3HaqHreirbFruie

rpe6oBaHI{fl

K

pex(HMy

f3V co

croponbt

yqacrHttKoB

BXC

(orparillqeHHf

no orMerKaM

BepxHero

H

HHiKHero

6teQou

no

)'cnoBHffM

cy.l,oxo.l,cTBa,

ceJ-lbcKoro

X03fllicTBa,

nDoltbuurTeHHoro

H

KoMMyHanbHoio

Bo.a,ocHa6xeHun

H T.

A

).

Cnequ-

/.

QHuecxHe

Tpe6oB'aHtfl

npeA'bfB/lfloTcfl

Lt no oxpalle

oKp.vx(arcu1eH

cperbr.

Oco6ure c,Tox{trocrn

B

pacqerbr

BI{oct'tr

Heo6xoAHMocrb

KoMiI-

JieKCHOTO

HCITOJTb3OBaHHtI

ofpallHqetlilblx

3aIIaCOB

npeCtlOri

BOAbt

Ha

3elr;re

B

ycJtoBHfix

rrenpepbrBtroro

yBenHqeHHn

norpe6[tocreF't

B Iiefi.

He

veHee croxieH

r{

yqeT

BeporrrrrocrHoro

H

HeottpeAeneHlloro

xapaK-

Tepa

lrcxoAHo!'t

HHQopMaullH.

B

pacqeTax

Ar.rfiTerbHbrx

pexiHMoB

B orrltt{tte

or

pacqeToB

Kpar-

xocpbunux

pex(I{MoB lleo6xo,r,tt}Io

yqHTblBaTb

H

To,

tITo

f3C

c

BoAo-

XpaHH.lIHuIaMH

nepep?Crtp€J,e.rlflior

_I_o

BpeMeHH

6utronor't

croK

peK H,

CJIeAOBaTeJIbHo,

stleprHto

peKH 3

p(W

")

3Ha.{Hre,TbHoe

BJrHflirHe

Ha onrHMaJIbHoe

Hcno/lb3oBaHHe

3Hepro-

pecypcoB 3a

nnHrenbFibrfr

nepuo4

I Mox{eT oKa3arb

ruAPaBJlHqecKar

futlo

f3y

B

Kact{aAe

(yuer

rro6

II tloAnopa

or

HHXeJIex{auIHX

fOC)'

Ha

eSpexrnBHocrH

A.rrHreJrbrlbrx

pex(HMoB

fOC

cKa3blBaForcfl

3traqHTe":rbHbte

Kofle6arrHr{

HanopoB

H3-3a

cpa60rKt{-HafloJItlellHr

Bo-

AoxpaHHi'tl{ul.

B srHX

YC"noBtlflx

(e

oT,qrlqHe

or

TOC)

HMeer

MecTq

3a!.aqa

c

noc"nerefrcreuev,

a HMenrro

npelKAeBpeMettttatt

cpa6orKa

267

T

I

0

a

-l,Ifl

HaCOCiTOfO

(13.47)

(r

3.48)

b,*'

(N,*" (/)

)

:

-1.n

-

1."

(l)

:

const,

T.

e.

Hau6onee

onrHMaJIbHbr'ryl ffBJrfleTCfi peixHll T3C

c

MaKcHMZT'IbHo

nocToffHHoi{

MorrlHocTbro

B TeqeHHe I

cyr c

yqeToM

ofpaHrrqennft

pe-

>KHMoB

f3C

n

T3C,

qro

H

peaJrH3yercr

Ha

rrHrerpa,'rbriol'r

KpHBoi{Ha-

rP]'eKH.

Pextuvst

sapffAa

|AOC

raKx(e

Mox(Ho ofipe{€.r'IflTb

no

HHTerpaJIb-

troi?

npuaorYr,

cBri3brBarouefi

Mex(Ay

co6ofi

nJroulajlb

irpoBarra fpaqbH-

Ka

HarpysKH

3np

,c

coorBeTCTByroueft

eir

Hcno,'rb3,veMoii

MolriHocrbFo

iy'np (pnc.

13.8).

Arq

nocrpoeHlrfl

yKa3aHHoi.r HHrerpa./rbrrotl xptie_ofi

3aAalorcfl

nocrofllrrioil

vourrocrbro T3C,

paenoli

cyMMe

P."u*

H

/Vnp,

H

onpeAeJrrrror

3np

rro

Qopvy,re

)

unp

I

(/V,o)

flN

nv.

J'o

0

(13.4e)

Pac.Ier

pex{HMa

{^Faec(l)

no

J,'o(ff.')

npoBoAr-trcr

.{,flJlt}€

raK

xe,

KaK H

AJIfl

pexiuva

f3C,

paccMorpeirHoro

Bbrrile.

OArraxo

3Aecb 3aAa-

Iorcr

,'o/H;."

-

/Vii[t

vr

3e^p:3,,0.

Kpo,ue

roro,

pex{H}r

|AOC 6-y.uet

nepe-

I\!eHHblM Bo BperlteHLI

npH

oipaHI.rqeHrlofr

Mo:rlHoCrrl

iy'rnec.

MouttlocTb

TOC

l"rra

pelr(p{nra

sapflAa crreAyer

paccLlHrbrBarb

KaK cyr\nry

Pc(t)

H

i/reec

(l),

rrailrgeuHor.'r no

tm

(//,,0).

266

BoAoxpaHfirrfiula

ylreHbrxrir

Bbrpa6orrcy. f3C il3-3a

cHHxieirr{fl

Hano-

pa;

3aAep).r{Ka

cpa6orr<lr

uplt 6orlruo'u noJroBojlbe

BeAeT K xo,rocrbrM

c6po'caM

BoAbr

H norepfiM

noABe'4errnoir

3Heprgr'i

.?T:o

(iW^r).

I'lilst-

MH

C"I-IOBaIvIH,

noflB"rlfl

iOTCfl

AOIIOJIHliTeIbHbIe

noTepLI

SHeprHH,

Ofipe.le-

JIfleMbie

pelKHMaMH IIe

ToJlbKo

o6opyloaaHLifl,

iro

H

BoAoxparirrrr{u{.

B

cegsH

c

3THM

BbIflB",TfieTCfl

ocnotsHoe

coAepll(aHHe

3aAaqH

yn-

p

aBAeHHfl

AJIHTe.rlbllblM

H

pelKHMaMlI

,

OTJTHqaIOU{eHCfl

OT

Ha3Ha-

l'IpLItJo T/nnTtla\nn/'\tTLfI-Tr\. 2t1all 4 rJ\tAl-lLr/1 nAIrtOLlT-lA Cqiallrt nn no^rrA

^vr(Illl

l\ycr lr\vLyv_lllurr\ Jq;\qa,

q

!lIYt!llltV

ywU!rIIMqAqlIl

llU

yaU:U-

ry 6anarrca eHeprHH

B

cncreMe

H

croKa

r-ra f3C. flpH

erolr, ecrecr-

BeHHo, n,pelfio/raraercfl

peureuriorl

3aAaqa

KparKoopoqHofi

orrrnlrH3auHn,'pea,rnsyrouler:r

6alarrc

MouIHocrII

Bo

BpeMeHH.

CxasairFloe

Bbnue,

a raKX(e

Ap,yrHe

coo6paifierrr{fl

onpeAenf

ior He-

o6xoAutrocrb HCIIoT'Ib3oBaHHfl

B

ynp&Br'i€HHH

AJIHTe.rrbHbrMH

pex(HMa-

vn f3C

c

BoAoxpaHHJTHuraMH

Mero-noB

arperHpotsaHHfl

H

AeKoMno-

3

Hrlrili.

Mero:

af

pef

I{poBanrrr

3aK,'IrcqaeTcfl B To}r,

riro

BCe

3reKTpHqecKHe

CTaHr{HH

rrpeACTaBrffrOTCf

CpeAHeHHTepBarbHbr}1H HJttl

pe)KHMHbiMH

XapaKTepHCTHKaMH, KOTOpbie

CBfl3brBarOT

HHTerpalbHbre

SHepfeTHqecKlle

noKa3aTe.rIH

3a ofrpeAer.leHHbie HHTepBaiibr

BoeMeHH,

npHHHMaeMbre

o6srqHo

paBHbrMH

I

AeraAe,

fiilH

I

uec. 3ri.i xapaKre-

pHCTHKH

MOfyT

OTJHqaTbcf

OT

TeXHOTtIOf HqeCKHX

HJIH MfHOBeHHbiX

3HepreruqecKHx

xapar(repHcrHK

f3y

(cu.

rn.

8, l0).

flpH nx

pacqe-

Te

H

fiOCTpoeHHH

C,l'leIyeT

yqHTblBaTb

aJrfopHTill onpeAeJ'IeHIitl

napa-

llerpoB pex{H}ra

oirexTpocraHrIHH,

a raK}Ke npHHflTbre

Sasonue

Ko-

opAHHarbr

tA

crpyiirypy

ynpaB;-r€HHf

3HeprocHcrelror:r

('norpo6Hee-

cM.

$

14.3)

.

Merol

A

eK

o M

n o 3 tr

r{ H

H

3&Kr'rror{&ercff

B

HTepaqHoHHo}I

pe-

lUeHHH

3a4aqH

OnTHMH3ar{HH

A,IIHTenbHbrX

pextHMOB

npH

Bbt,(e,.reHHH

B

nepBooqepeAHylo

3aAaqy 6araHca

nupa6orxn

axrHeuorl 3HeprHH

3HeprocHCTeMbr-

-

Oqenxa

aQQexrHBHocrH

noryqaeMoro

peuerrHfl

cJrox(Ha

r{3-3a Be-

ponrHocrHoro

H

HeonpeAeJreHHoro

xapaKTepa

ncxorsor? nuSopMauHH

H MHororleneBono

Hc[oJrb3oBaHHfl BoAHbrx

pecypcoB.

OlsaKo

He3aBH-

cHMo or

rvreToAoB

pacqera

H rrocraHoBKH

3araqH

pa3rrbre

f3y

6y.lyr

nPeAcraBJIeHbI

e

ser"r

o[peAeneHHblMH

3HepfeTHqecKHrvrH

xapaKTepH-

cTHKaMH H nOKa3aTeJIfl.\{H.

3arOHOl'repria

6.v"eer H B3aHMOcBfl3b pa3-

Hblx HpHrepHeR

Melxry

co6ofi.

PissecrHo,

qTo

A.IIfl

oUeHKH

3HepreTHqecKHX

norcaaare.ryefi

f3y

o6ut.rHo

npHHHMaForcfl

HeKoropbie

cpeAHHe rro BoAHocrII

)'cJioBHfl.

Sror rIoAXoA npHHflr

B

AaHHg4-rnaBe

npH aHanHqe

3HepreTHqecKHx

xapaKTepHCrHK rloKa3areneir

I3V.

B

ocsoBHolf

paccMaTpHBaercfl

oA-

HOL{eJreBafl

3aAaqa

c

3HepfeTHqecKHMH

KpHTepHflMH

OnTHMa"{bHOCTH.

Tpedonatrtfl,

rpyrrx

yqacrHHKoB

BXC

K

pelKHMy

f3C

yqurbrBarorcs

B

BHAe

orpaHnqeuufi. AHarasHpyeTcr

BJlufflri{e 3THX

orpaHnsenHfi na

pelr{HM

f3y

H

Bo3MO}KHocrH

ero

H3MeireHHf

rrpH

BBeXeHHH

MHoroqe-

J]eBbrx

KpHTepHeB.

{d.2.

SHEPTETi,ITIECHHE

XAFAHTEPHCTHKH TgY B

PACI{ETAX

.qJlHTEJlbHbtx

PE)fi

tlMOE

Ocuoeuaq

3aAaqa

A"rtHTeJIbHofo

n.ilaHHpoBaHLIf

Srteprocl{creu

c f3V,

xaK 6ulo

OTIIeqeHO BbIIIIe,3aK!'llOgaeTCfl

B OflTHlv{ar'IbHON{

paC[peAeJIeHHt{ BO

BpeNIeHll Orp&HlI.

qeHHblX

3HeprOpecypcoB

AJIff

npHHfTol'O

KpHTepllfi

OnTHNIanbHoC'tH,

T.

e.

Onpe;l,eneHHs

Han6oree

pacnpocrpa,r.r,*orni

o,r,Ho(eneBbiM

Kpr.rrepnervr

oQrleKTI.rBHocrH

pa6ortr

gFleprocucTelru

c

f3V

fiBr'rfleTCfl

ilrt{uHM}-tvt u3Aepl*(eri

Hc

A

!,rtr

qacrr'roro

ci-YH3n

-

MtrHr.iMyM pacxoAa

)'cnoBHoro

rorrJrliBa

B"

sa fiepHon

I. OcHoeHbre

3HeprerttqecKtte

rroKa3areJrH Bcex 3.teKTpocrauuufi

3HepfocncreMbi

3a

xaa<.u,srfi

pac,rerusrri nHTepBa./1

BpeMerrn Lti,

i:1,2, ...,

ft npr'1craB.'Iflrorcr B BHAe cpeAHer{HTepBaflbl{bix lrJ'lu

HHTe-

rp 3r-IbHblX nOxagare;eit

3ric, Hau

,Vp..c,

3ruci

rrJr;r

;V13gy,

Hf^ct,

Qatcr.

.l.rH

f3C,

pa6orarcu{H.x

ria

rr3o.ttrpoBaHHyro Harp}'3K}',

F(pitrepneir

onrtl),taJIb}{o-

crH

yio;{ier

6sirl lraxcn}(yM Bbrpa6orr:a

3nexTpo3uepn.rH 3a

neplio.q,

i" tt-'ttt

}tttttti}i}:.\l

pacxol.a'no.{eeaeHHoir

3JreurpooHepfHH

npH Bbrilo-rHeHutr 6araHcoeoro

}'c.1oBHtt

(14.2).

Kprrrepuri

rraxcnr,vna rurpa6orrn fOC

Mo;*(er

npHMeltrrbcfl

H nptt

Apyrlt-\

ycJroBHfix,

nanprMep

s

AeQr.rqrirul{x

no

eupa6orre

3neKTpo3rieprnrr

3Heprocucre}fax

HnH npH Ma"'lOM

yIerlbHOM

eece f3C.

Mare:rrarxqecKafl nocraHoBKa

paccMarpueaeuori 3axaqti B

qacrHoM

c,qlqae

!to-

xer 6urr

npeacraB.leHa

cneAytoutit-u

o6pasov.

Tpe6yerca nafirri

rartoir

pe;dHv f3C,

T3C

u A3C 3a

nept{oA

T= l*-to,

Itoro'

puir

o6ecne'ru,r 6u .vlirlrlryu

B.:

k

B.

:

X

u,

(.?;)

--+

min;

i:l

?i

:

3ct-

Srac

-

3t.ci

-

3rcci

*

A3.r

:

g

npH

3aAaHHh{x orpaHrrqeH}rflx

.ii'""{f;(ii""*.,

.r1xilH=-{r(.fi*

"

*t,

f,le B KaqecTBe

Ei il rr MoryT 6Hru

npnHqTbl

pa3nHqHLile

3sfrcreeHHue

noKa3areau

I-3C,

T3C H A3C.

B

.qanHori

3aAaqe

Hauaauuoe

(els)

n rcoueuuoe

(al*)

o6u,{Ho 6ugarcr

H3BecrHH. I'lHor,u,a

3aAaHHe KoHeqHoro

f3C

ua

H3onepHMerpHqecKoe

ycJroBse

BHAa:

h

lPrsc

t:l

Cqnrarorcr

H3BecrrrbrMrr:

rnaporpaQ

rpuroquocru

K

crBopy

nepxHef,

f3C H

6o-

KoBaq

npHroquocrb MexAy

crBopaMH;

rpaQnx Harpy3KH

3t{eprocucreMu

H

norepH

sltepnHn

B

rrHHr{ex 3neKTponepeAar{H; xapaKrepHcrnKn

6ue(ron BoAonpoBoAflu{Hx

co-

opyxceuHri;

cpe.u,Her{nrepBarbrrbre

suegirernuecKne xapaKrepHcrHKH

T3C, fOC n

A3C.

Ecall

nepnoA 7"

paa6ur

Ha oAHuaKoBbre

no npoAon){(HTeilbHocrn

HurepBanbl

Bpe-

uenlr Alr,

i:1,2, ...,

k,

To

BMecro IIHTerpaabtlin.x

noKa3a're,refi 9,

Vf

,

B

cneAyer

rtcflo.Tb3onarb u.\

npo]t3BoA]n-ie no BpeMeHH /V,

8,

F.

(14.r)

(14-2)

(

r 4.3)

(

r 4.4)

3ilepreTlrqecKHe H BOAOXO-

cocroqHHfl

SHeprocHcTeMbI

cocTosHHg

3aMeHfleTcfl

Ha

(14.5)

)

s.*,r.

I:l

269

Oco6esHocrnrc SHepferaqecKHX

H

rr.rApaBJIHqecKi{x

ttpoqeccoB

Ilph

AJIHTe,'ibHolvl

pefynlrpoBaHl.tH

cTot(a fBflfercfl

trx

-ycraFroeHsuttiics

xapaKTep,

r{To

no3Bonfler

iIPeA-

cra

BI;rrb

f 3C cpeaneHHTep

Bai-ibHL'tirt H

xa

P

a

I(Tep

I'{crPIKa

}l li'

FAC 6es

peryJrHpoBaHHs

lr c

KparKocpoqHhIM

peryflHpoBaHHeM

croKa

YtlHru-

Barurcfr

nptr orrTriMH3ar(Hfl

AJrHreJbrrorc

pex(H\'ra

3HepfoclicTellbl

KaK

Heperyfltlpye-

Mbre

g"'reKTpocraHrtHH

e 6a,,'IaFIce

3Heptnl{.

r:/v

AJtrlrvrrurrurv

Pvr.tvutljvlGr'rUr.

y"^J""|'

npeBbruaTb

paccMarpHeaelrbrii

nepHOA I.

Orr,naro

OIITHM?ilbHstii

pexttlt

A.rItl

neplio-

Aa

f

ec.,reJ.crrltre 83aritvtocBe3H

peiiilncB

f3C

ouyrptt

IIo;'IHoro

qtlKna

per,vrHpoBa-

H6R rre;rroiKer

pacclrarprrBarbcfl

ne3aBHCrivto

o'l'o6u{cro ofiTIlNISrbHofo

peiKllNla

3,.reKTpocraHL{,nrr

3a

Becb

r{tiKx

pet'},aIrpoBauI{ff.

B

pfl.Ie

c,'tyttaeB

BMecro

Ilo,'lHoro

ulrri.:ta

per,v,'rHpoBa riHq L{oiKrro

paccMarpilBarb

or.r,enbHo

nepltoA cpa6ortilr

II

tlepIloA

HaIo,rHeHtiq c 3aAaHHbt]lH

BO

BpeMeHH

rpaHHqllbl]1lI

ycrotsIlflMi.l.

OduqHo

f3C

l,rHre.lbHot'o

per\:"rrlrpoBaHrrfl

oc,v-iriecrB,lrtor

II I(part(ocpoqHoe

pe-

n\,.tgpoBaHrre

croKa,

fi

Airfl

ero

yqera

Heo6xoAttrto

t{cno.lb3oBarb

cpeJ,ltellrlrepBaJb-

Irbre.\apa;ireprrcrrrKl{.

Oco6eHuocrurc

f3C

J,.:nrre.Tbt{olo

[]Qr]',tltpoBaHtlff

crolia

fl8.'it{-

ercff 3Haqlrre.lssl,rii

AHana3oH

H3MeHeHur

ypoeHeii

6teQoe,

a raK)fie

peiKII.\la ilori]'c'

KoB

Bo

BpelreHH. Ha

pexiulr

KacKaAa

f3C cyurecrBeHHoe

Br'IHflHI{c

MoNier

oKa3arb

!-qeT

u3yei{eunq

noAnopa

Me)+(.ty crBopaMu.

f3C

lr'Iltr€.TbHoro

pefynllpoBaH}1ff

croKa

ffB.i:tflloTC'

ocrroBHbiM

perynHpyrolllrrs{ 3BeHoM

B

3HeprocHcreMe.

Pexxpt ux

Mox(er

onpeleJflTbcq

r(aK

gHeprerHr{ecKnMu,

TaK

u

eo.t,o.xogsftcrBeHHblt\{t{

KpllrePHflivllt.

-

fpynna

I-3C

pa3Horo BHAa

perynnpoBaHfis.

Bce

cKa3anuoe

BblIIle cnpaBeA"iIHBo

als

f3C,

pacnoroiKeHHbrx

Ha

pa3Hbrx

Bo.a,oroKal:, a

raKi.h-e

Anfi

Bep.\rltr.x

f3C

xac-

xa,l,a..l.,rn KacKaAa

I-3C c;relyeT

)'qHrbrBars

oco6eHHocTt{

BoAHo3Hep[eTHqecKIlx

PaC-

qeroB,

KoropHe

6r,r.ru

paccvorpeHbr

B r,r.

i

2,

a rax;fie

B3attrtocBt{3It

pexiII}toB Bcex

f3C

riacxa,r.a

Kar(

no

pacxoJ.]',

raK

ll

no Hanop)'.

llplr

Ha.ruuHrr

B

KacKa-le

I-3C

pa3Horo

BHAa

per!'.{HposaHHfl

croKa,

-

HanpHMep

Bep\Hnfl

f 3C- I

6e:

perynHpoBaHr{s, a

Hni*(Hsfl

f 3C-2

AnttrexbHoro

perynHpoBa'

HHs,

-

lroty-T

rrorrBrrrbcrr

AofionHrtreflbl{bre

r}axropsr,

B.'ItlRtoul.He

Ha

Hx

pex(HM. Tor,c,a

nuxngir

6neQ

f3C-l

Ao,r;xen

6urr

npe,{,craB.{eu

B

BH!,e 3aBItcIIMocrH

zt.6t

oT

Qr-or

H

za.6z. IIpH o6parno*{

nopflAKe

pacno,'toi{i€Hufl f3C

e

KacliaAe

zx.or

32lB}icllr

ro,nb-

Ko

or

Q*.",-

BeeAeuue

Hoeoir

f3C uoxer

cylqecrBeHHo

H3MeHIIrb

pacqeruylo cxelty

KacKa.a.a-

B

aoarocpor{}roy

naaHFrpoBaHr{rr

3Har{HTeJ'rbHoe

BrlIflHlte Ha

pex(HM

f3C

oxasu-

Baer BXC,

yqer

rpe6oeaHHft

xoropoii

npHBoAlrr

x

Heo6xoAHt\{ocrn

rlcIoJIb3oBaHtltl

B

pacqerax HeKoropb{x

KpHrepHeB.

OAsaxo

B Hacroflulee

BpeMfl

yqer

Tpe6oeaHnfi

BXC

ceoarrrcfl,

KaK

npaBriao, K

BBeAeHHlo

orpaHtlqennft

ua

pelKnt{

f3C,

pa6oTarcIqHx

no oAHouerT€BoM1,

auepferuqecKoMy

HnH

BoAo.\osqitereeuFloMy

Kpttrepttto.

B

nPaKTH-

qecKnx

pacqeTax

MEoroqeneBbre

HpHTepHrI cBOARTCfi

K

OAHOI{eneBoMy

KpHTepHIo

c

Hcflor63oBaHrreM

pa3nHqirb{x

npr{eMoB

H

MeroAoB

(exinepruure

o[(eHKII,

yuep6b{

H T.

A.)

'

HacocHHe

crauqxx. B

cBfl3x

c reM,

qro

Hacocnble

craHqIItI flB.itfiNcTcg

norpe6H-

TenflIrlt-perynffTOpaMH

SneKTpO3HePrHH,

OnTlllrtlt3aIlHfl

AJHTCflbHbIX

pe)t(HMOB

3Hepro-

cucreu,

B cocTaB

KoTopL{x

BXoAflT

3rH CTaHqHfi

pa3HOfO

BHAa

peryJIHpoBaHHE

CTOKa,

HMCET

CEOH

OCOoCHIIOCTH.

Pexulr

HC

6es

perlr'rHplloulero

BoAo.\par{fi.qrtutr

lt:l}{ c

Bo,LoxpatlHJllIu{eM

Kpar'

KocpotlBoro

peryfir{poBaHHfl

yrrrrrHBaercfl e

(lop.rry;re

(14-Z)

B

BHAe

AoIIo;tHtlr€,rluoft

Harpy3Krr

{i

:

9.r

*

3Hc;

-9re.

i

-

Srect-3^n3c,

f

A3.s

:

g'

Hacocsue

craHulir.t c BoAoxpaF{H,tHUIaMH

AJrHTeJIbHofo

peryJlnpotsauHfl,

a

raKx(e

gnet(rpocTaHUHH,

pa6orarouque

lto

3aIaHHOilly

rpaQttxy

pacxoAa

Bo

BpeMeHli,

AoJIX(-

Hbr o6ecneqlrrr

sarroJrHeHr.re

BoAoxpaHHirlrx{

no

I{pHrepHIo

MHrtH}IyMa

n0rpe6fieHlitl

aneKrpoaHeprHu

lin?t no

6olee ofiuleuy

Kprlrepnn

(14.i).Airq

yqera

HC

e 3aAar{e

AonrocpoqHoro

rrr.r?HrrpoBarrrifl

pelKHMoB freo6xoAttNI

pacqer

HX

cpeAHeHHrepBanbHbIx

sneprerflqecKHx

xapaKreprrcrrtK.

t{elr

lreuee

HepaBH0rvrepeH

peiKI'rM

pacxoAa

HC e re-

t

r

!rr^

-r -'

qaercfl

oT TexHoJlorHqecKllx

xapaKTepHcrllK.

fAOC KparKocpoqHoro

peryirHpoBaHHn.

Vqer

s'utx a,TettrpocraHuttii

e

pac(lerax

AJrHTe,TbtrbtX

peX{HMoB

Ci'ICAyer

npo}l3BoAIiTb

B

Btl.&.e

pasHocrH

guaqenttl't

3HeprHll,

norpeS,reuuoir

S

tep

rl orAaHHoii

3",.p

B 3Heprocticrelle

[..".

ypaBIteHIie

(

14.2)

]

.

kluut'ni

c,.toBalr

t{,

fASC

Aono.{HHTe;'rb}ro

}B€nIiLIiIBaIoT

pacxoA

3HeprlttI

B

pAcqerax

AJrr{Terbfrbrx

pe;tirr}roB SHepfoctrcTe.vL,r

nprr 3Haq}lTe.lbiloM

yBenltqeHllti ee

Ha,:le;+(-

HOCTtt.

fASC

A.{Hre"Tbrroro

perynHpoBaHHf, n

f3C-l-A3C.

Hanopr,t

3rt{x

3.tetirpocraH-

Urrii

Iror) T

ir{aqt{rc.ti,t{o

rr3}tcHfl

rbcl:

Bo Bpc\leHII;

pc;dlI

.\t ux

pa

6o:-t

t

}

(llt-tbl

slleTcll

ycroB

rrelr

(

14.6)

.

flpunueHue sJreKrpocraHuHri,

flocxo4i'ry

I-I3C

uMeior

o5srqHo

KparKocpot{Hoe

peflr-rHpoBaHrre;

oHu

vrlltTbtBafoTcR

B

pacqeTax

AiIHTe-rbHofo

peifi14$1a 3t{eplocHcTe,!lll

KaK

HcroqHrrKrr

g.TeKTpOsHeprfiH

c 3a,laHHbIM

pex(HMOM

BHpa60TKH BO BpeMeHH.

I4.3.

PACI{ETbI

ANHTENbHbIX

PE}HHMOB

T3C H

HACKAAOB T3C

B

pacqera.\

AJ'urreJrbrrbrx

pei+riMoB

f3y coxpariqeTcfl

Ta

ifie

IIo-

CJre.tOBaTe,lblrOcTb

npeO6pa3oBalll{B

3rlepfHlI,

tITo

11

Ailn

KpaTKOCpOLI-

HbrX

peiKH.!rOB. COxpaHflrOTCR

li.Te

?Ke

B3aHMOCBf3l{

OCIIOBHbI\

napa-

MeTpoB

pet+(HI{a. olHaKo

pacqeTHbri'r HHTepBa,{

ocpeIlleLII{f

sTHX na-

paMeTpoB

Bo

Bpe),teFIH C)'ulecTBeHHO

yBe,{HqHBaeTCs.

3Iecr

OH

paBell

I

AexaAe

u.'ur

I uec.

!,nn

raKHX

lrHrepBanoB

CIcpeAFIenHfl

napaMerpoB

cnpaBe,trr{Bo

}'CJIoBHe

ycraHoBrtBIuHXcs

pexHMoB

Ha

f3y.

3ro

no-

3BOntreT

ricno,Tb3oBarb

B

HeKoropbtx

pacr{eTa.x,

o6stqirblx

4".'If

npoeKT-

Hbrx

3aAaq,

xapaKrepHcrHKu

6oeQoe

II BOIOnpOBOAflUIHX COOpyx(eH1{}i

B BHAe 3aBHCHMocTefi,

COOTBeTCTByIOUIHX

yCTaHOBHBtxe}'Iycfi

pe}r(HMy:

z".o

(V

r)

,

z".u

(f

,)

,

zt,.a(Q".0)

,

AHo"p

(,Qo.o)

,

AH"oo

(,Q"oo)

H r.

A.

floAo6rrnre

xapaKTep

HCTHKI{

MoHiHo

HcfloJlb3onarb

B

pa:crleTax

f3C

6es

pery,THpoBalntr

H

f3C KparKocpoqHoro

per!'r'II{poBaHHfl

cToKa.

Xnn

fAC dnurenunoeo

pee:llJ'tuposaHun

croKa

neodxolufibl

pe-

Jtcu,rrf,bt,e' c

p

ed

He uHT €

p

I afl b

Ht)Le

xo.p

aKT e

p

ucT uKLt KaK

0

ttn e

ue

p

?er uqe'

cKozo

,

o1opgdoaaH.ufl,

ratd Lr drtn

6oeloa

u

oodonpoEodnt4ux

coopA'

CICEHUil.

3TU

XAPAKTCPIICTHKH

.qOJIX{TIbI

YIIHTbIBATb

HEYCTAFIOEHBTI]HE.

cfl

npoqeccbt B

6teQax fOC e

Kparl{ocpor{HoM

per,yJlHpoBaHHH

H

cnox(Hbtr?

He.rrnHefiHbrir

xapaKTep

83aHMocBrr3er"i 3HepfeTl{qecKHX

fia'

paMerpoB,

IIoKa3areJrer:r

3HepreTHqecKoro

ooopyAoBa]lHf

H BoAonpo_-

BOA.fiU{HX

COOpyX(errHr?.

HCnO.ntAOBaHHe TaKr.rX

XapaKTepHcrHK

r3c

no3BoJrfeT

peruaTb

3a.[aqH

nJIHTeJlbHofo

nJIaFlHpOBaFIHff

He3aBHCHMO

or 3aAaq

r(parKocpoqHol:l onrl.rMH3aqllH,

tITo

ynpo[IaeT

pacqeTbI.

C"teqver orMeTHrb crrox{Hocrb

MareMarHqecK}ix

MoAeJIeft

cpeAHe-

HrrTepBarbHbrx

.xapaKTepHcTHK

f3c

AJrHreJrbrrofo

pefyJIHpoBal'lHs,

onpeAe,lfleMbtx

II0

To.,'lbKo cnoco6allll

llx

pactleTa, IIo H

Ipl'lFIflTo]'l

TC.\IIO.'IOf IIqECKOfi

MOIC.IIbIO

83A }I}IOCBfi3H

CPCAIICHIITCPBAJIbIIbIX

iIOKA.

271

270

(

r4.6)

3areJleii H

KpoMe

Toro,

3aBllcnMocrbto

cpeAHeHI-lTepBa'[bFIbIX

xapaK-

repricruK

f3C

or

npurtnroft

B

pacqerax crpyKrypbl

yrpaBrIeHHs

Bo

BpelreHH

H

noxasarerefr

oueHKH

aAeKBarHocrH

MareMarat{ecxot?

Mo-

Ae.i'IH.HarypHoMy

o6texry.

BnHqHHe

Ha

eut6op

MeToAa

pacr{era

cP-eA_

Jf

Her{r{TepBaJIbt{btX

XapaiiTepHcTHK

f3C

oKa3btBaeT

BepOflTHoCTHblH

I'1

^ ^ - a -o,r.rrrr-r v, n

q

wrpn fi ne ncrR R.neil Hfl Hc.xorlH'oft HH6oDM

aUlill

IIO

BXC'

,n.ptot"creMe,

JIHHHqM

3/leKrponepeAaqH'

TOC

H T'

A'

Tannlt

o6pa:ou,

cpeAI-IeHllrepBarlbHble

xapaKrepHCrlli(Hn3Jl:p:9t_T:l:y?l^1^:'

;;;;;;il*'rn.*.HroB,

a raKir(e

KoMroFIeHroB

BXC

AorIX(Hbt

Han6o-

Jree

ilO"irHO

OTpa){(aTb

o6texrHeHstit

XapaKTep

npOUecCOB

ynpaBJIeHHfl

BO

BpeMeHH,

B TOM

r{Hclre

}l Cy6beKTHBH3}'1

B

npHHflTHH

pelrlenHli

npn

3Kcrpelta"ftbHblx,

HeQopMaJIH3yeMblx

curyallHflx'

Of"otpeMeHHo

3TH

XapaKTepHCTHKH

AoJIX(HbI

6sira

aAanTHBHbIMH,

T.

e. H3yeHflroulHIlHCfl

BO

BpeMeFIH

H

B

IIpocTpaFICTBe

8.. 3aBHCHMOCTH

or

r.i3HeHeHlrfl

ctrr),auHH

B

3HepreTltqecKoii

rt

BoAox03fl"icreeF{uoli

cl't-

creMar.

B HHX

ro,'Ixitla

yql'lrblBarbcfl

rlp HHflTar

crpyKTli

pa

ynpaB-re-

HHf

BOiIHb,IMH

H

sHepfeTHqecKHMH

peclrpcavH

B

HapoAHoM

x03fliicr-

Be,

a raKiKe

oqeHKa

KaqecrBa

ynpaBreHHf

HMH

Ha

pa3HbIX CTVneHflx

Hep

a

pxHH.

'ThrHu

o6paaoll,

AJlf

pacqeTOB

AJIHTeIbt{blX

peX(HMoB

3Heprocn-

cTelr

c

f3c

AOJrlKrra

6urs

pa3pa6orasa

Q,vttxuHoFlaJIbHafl

MOAeJrIb,

cBfl3blBarcUlaf

Mex(Ay co60fi

^Bce

ocHoBHble

cpe4HerlHTepBa"IIbHble

na-

paMeTpbI

peX(HMa

cTat'rquit.

OHa

LO.ryX(tra

6asup'OBaTbCfl

rla

rexri0Jlo-

i*.tecKoi,

MoAeJrH

KaCKaJ,a

H,1H

rpynnor

f3C

It

yt{HTbtBarL'

oco6eHHo'

CTu

paCqeTOB

npH

6O,tuutttX

HHTepB?:'I3X

OCpe,l,HeHllf

napaMeTpOB

-

AeKa.fa,

MeCflq.

MOAe,rS

AOJIX(Ha

yqHTblBaTb

it

B3aiiMOCBf3b

pelxH-

Itpra

HcIIOJIbsoBaHHH

MeTOAOB

TeopHH'CaMoopfaHn3ylolrluxcfl

CH-

cTeM

rrpeABapLiT€;'IbHO

yCTaHaBJIHBaIoTCff

y'npaBJIffIOU{He

IlapaMeTpbl

Lr

QynxUlrOsanusas

nOCJIeAoBaTer'IbHOCrb

BOAH03HepIeTHqeCKHX

pac-

rreroB

B

A.rrHTenbHoM

riJraHHpoBaHHH

pex<piMoB

f3C.

HanpHMep,

flpli-

FTHMaTOTCg

anropi4TMbI,

O,i1HCaHHbIe

B

rJI.

1i,

fAe

SyUTUUOHaJIbHaT

'I

I

(cvr. r,rr.

7).

flpH

3TOM

yCTaHaBJIHBaIoTCfl

oIIpeAeJIeHhlbrtr

uu\",rr

M

elKAy

M r

H

oB

eH

H

biM ri

H

cp

eAH

ell

Hr

ep B a',{

b FI

brM

\ -:?:.1: T.iT;:t

p ex

H

-

;;;;i

;;;;;;"e

HaropaMH,

pacxoAaMH,

orMerKaMH

6reQon'

Onucaun.

tn.pi.r"u..*r*

xapaKrepHCrHK

f?C:.i-:*.9t^t""

BoAo-

npoBoAfulHX

COOpyxeunit

coxpallqeTCfl

TaKHM

X{e,

KaK

H

B

TexHoJIO-

rllqecxoir

nrola"r.-

ornHr{He}r

-6yler

flBJ'IflTbCfl

HcnoJlb3OBaHHe

B

yKa-

3aFIHbtX

xapaKTepHCTHKaX

I{e

MfHOBeFIHblx,

a

cpeAHeHHTepBaJIbHbIX

nO

Ka3

aTei'-I

efi.

3arey

6epercx

liHQopn

a\Hfl

O

npouef,ulllx

pexiilMax

f3c,

nepe-

pa6OTaHHaff

AIrfl

CpeAHeHHteP,BaJIbHbIX

nOKa3aTe''lefi'

VCTaHaBJIHBa-

eTCfl

KiracC

MaTeMaTEqeCKHX

(aHaJIHTI4LIecKHX)

MOAeJIeft,

HcnOJIb3ye-

Mbrx

.I,.,Is

onHCaHHfl

BCeX

xapaKTepHcTHK

f3C

H

no3BoflsIouIHX

npo-

H3Bo.lHTb

!B€r'IHqeHHe

HX

cfiO)fiHOCTH

6es

HCKax(eHHfl

'npeAbIAyUIHX

p

e3)rJ'I

bTaTOB.

fIpur'lep0]{

raKoft

6op

a Bn!,a

:

x:

oo+

)

ai!/i

*,i,{

aiaiaiui+,i,i

j

a;aiap!i!iue*

"'

(i4'8)

tJ,e

oo,

ai,

oj,

Qt,-

xoaQQHIIHeHTbI

noIIHHOMa,

tlc-nonb3yeMoro

'{'JIfl

onHcaullfl

3aBHctiMOCTH

[apaMeTpa

pex(iiMa

f3C

x OT

MHO]KeCTBa

nepeMeHlrbrx

Y:(9,,

ui,

an-.-).

^

HAeHruQnraUar

MOAeJIH

AnIITeJIbHoro

pex(HMa

fOC

no

AaHHE;M

rrpotlJ.,-rbtX

sa6.ryro1eUnft

IIpOH3BOAHTCI

tIO

MeTOAy_HaHMeHbIxHX

KBaA'

paroB

no

BceM

pacqeTHbrM

napaMerpaM

Bcex

f3c

oAHOBpeMeHHO.

i4ro,rtni

c";roBaMH,

KpHTepHeM

onrnMaJIsHocrH

napaMeTpoB

MoAenH

f3C

npli

3a.U,aHHoli

ee

MaTeMarltqecxo.ri

crpyKrype

B

BHAe

atla'!'IHTH-

qecKHx

eupaxelttlit

flBJIferCfi

MHHHIlfyM

cyMMapHoro

cpeAHeKBaAPa-

THqecKOrO

OTKJIotieHlln

napaMeTpOB

MOAeJIH

OT

AaHHbIX

QarrUuecKHX

Ha6JrnAeHHfi

3a

nepHoA

T

nmk

@-

I

X

I("fii'-r?ir)'=)min.

i:l

/:l

i:l

rAe

i:,1

,2,...,n-qHCJrO

pacqeTHbtx

HHTepBaJISB

BpeMeHH

C

H3BeCT-

HbrMlr

nOKa3aTeJIflMH

pelxHMoB

fOC;

l:1,

2, ...,tTt-

r{HCflO'paCCMaT-

pHBaeMbl.x

f3C,

cBfl3aHHblx

YeryAy

co6ol't

no sneKTpHrIecKHM

ll

rHA-

paBJrHqecKHMpex(HMaM;j:1,2,'-",ft--qnc'ropacqerHblx(oqenov-

irorx)

napaMerpoB

pelKHMa

f3C,

on'peAeJIreMb{x

MeroAoM

M

rrofooaKToprlofo

aHaJIH3a'

Anh

xaxloft

rioHKperHOr"r

Mo.{,e/rrr

cocraB

oueHoqIIblx

IIapaMerpoB

ycTaHaB;-lHBaeTcfi

no

KpHTepHn

Hx

I'IaAex{HocTH

HJIH

AOCTOBepHocTI{'

;;^;'Oe'u"i.*ot"o"

coorBercrByer

rexHorlorHr{ecKoft

MoAerlH

MOAenH

Cnyll(HT

IIOr'IHHOM

KolvoropoBa

-

f

a-

.\i'-

i

:

;{:(

ltF

*

a

I

n

.id

&

.s

:

;l

:8.

;k

t

T

l.f

:

I

.r

,(t\Ct.

T

|

"',

o

.

( r4.7)

llp"

3TOM

pa:cqeT noKa3h.renefi

Bcero

A,1i{renbHo_ro

PeX(HMa

f3C

npoH3BoAHTcf

Ha ocnoBe

SyHxUaoHaJibHblX

Molenefi

BoAHosHepreTH-

qecKHX

pacr{eroB,

paccMorpeHHLlx

B rJI.

l1'n 6asnpylou{Hxcs

Ha rex-

HoJroruqecKofi

MoAeJIH

f3C.

SHeprernqecKne

xapaKTepHcrHKH

f3C

IlpH

gToM

onpeAenflrorcff

B BHAe

B3aHMocBfi3eli. CpeAHeHHTepBaJIbHblX

nbxasarejreir,

paccqHrbtBaeMbtX

ro

Qopuy.ne

{'14.7)

H He 3aBHcfuIHX

OT

npHHflrL,tX,ynpaB1fltol11ux

11apaMeTpOB

(otuerr6,

pacxoAa,

MolqHo-

crH

H r.

A.).

Au a.norHq

Ho Mox(Ho

p

a,ccrr

HTbr B a

rb

cpe,{HeuHTep

B

aJII-rHbIe

xap

aKTe-

pHCTHKH Harpy3KH

3t{eprocHcrembI,

T3C H HeKoTopbtx

BHAon

f3V,

n

oco6eH

HocrH BbIcoKoH

aIIOP

il blx.

272

(14.e)

r

8-64

l0

273

EcnH

e coCTaB

otleHoqHbIX

trapanIeTpoB

BK.4loqarcTcf

raKlIe,

Koropble

flBrrifrcTCfl

pe3yJIbTaTaMI{

npOMex{yTorlFIblX

paCrieToB,

TO

B

QyttxqHo-

HarrbFryro MoAe,{b

f3C

6yler

BHeCeHa

AonoJIHHre.[bHafl

norpeu-

F{ocrb. llonyuenHbte

MoAeJnI

AocroBepHbI

To.iIbKo

A.i'Iq

Hcc/IeAoBaHHofo

AHana3oHa

nepeMeHllbtx

no

AaHHbIx{

npoU.IIbIX

Ha6nioAegul't.

pyAoBaHHeM

c

MaJrbrMH

AHa[a3OFIaMH

lr3MeFIeHHq

OCLIOBHbIX

napaMeT-

poB.

PeIKHM

T3C s reqeHue

I

cyr

B orilllr{He

oT

pe}l(HMa fOC-3To

.nfiw

6a3oBbrr:i

pexiHlr, HlLr 6,'rlrsxlrii

K

HeMy.

Bc.{ercreHe

grofo

cpel-

HeHHTepBa,rlbHbte

xapaKTepHCTHKLI

TOC eu{e 6olee,

qeM

MrHoBe}l-

Hbre, 6nrrgxn K

r.'IHlteliHttlt.

Kpoue

rofo, ece

T3C

pa6orarcT npaKTII-

qecKH

HesaBtrctiMo

Lpyf

oT

Apyra

W HIIeIoT

-\{ei*(Ay co6oii

ror'IbKo

3.,'IeKTpaqecKyto

cBfl3b,

B To

BpeMtt Kar<

f3C B

KacKaLe H.vleior

H

rl'II-

paBJruqeCKlrrc

CBf3b

Jpl'r

C

Ap!'roM.

3ro

;TaeT

B03MolKllocrb

IIO;'Ilt1g-

i-rHfl

3KBIIBaT'teirrFroir

xapal{TeptrcruKrr

T3C

J,Jfi.l"ture.TbFIL,IX

perittMOB

Aaixe

c

eule

6o.ritrueil

AocroBepHocrbFo,

L{eM

.l.ilr

KparKocpoquti.r.

flo-

Ao6Hoe

oKBHBa.neHTHpoBaHHe

onpexeJlflercr

It

IiepapxHqecKoit

nocle-

.{,o

B a renbHocrbto

p acqeToB.

A,rs

nsnefiustx CpeAHeHHrepBaJIbHbIx

XapaKrepl-lcTHK

fOC

lr

T3C

cflpaBeA.,rrHBo

yc/'rcBHe

flocToflHCTBa

rlpOli3BoAttOfi

nO 3aAaHHOivly

pac-

+IeTHoMy

napalvlerpy.

3aIaqa orrrHMaJIbHoro

yfipaBJIeFIHfl

AiIHTeJIbHbt]vIH

pex(HMaMII

f3C, rax

x(e

KaK

H

IipaTKoCpoqHbtMH

peil<ulla)lH,

He

HMeeT

aHa,'IH-

THqecKoro

peujeHHfl

B o6qev CJIyr{ae,

no3To}{y oHa

peuraeTcfl C

rlo-

M

ou{bro

3

BI/t x

qHC,,TeHHbrx

M

eToAoB

r,r aTeMarHqecKoro

nporp

a}1M

Hpo-

BaHHR.

Oco6eHHocrbro

Bcex

peuenuri,

pea.[H3oBat'itlbtx

t{llcJIeHHbl}llI

MeTOAalvILI,

flBnfleTCfl CJIOiKttOCTb

OI{eHKH

HX

IOCTOBepHOCTH

C TOqKH

.3peHHff

+I{3HrIecKoIl

Cy[tHocTH

ttofiyqaeMoro

pe[IeHHfl,, a

TaKXie

TpyI-

t{ocTH

B

HCIIOJ'Ib3OBaHI.{H

tloflyqeHHbtx

p03fr'IbTaToB

Anff

aHaJIH3a

4'py-

.fHx

3a.U,aq.

tlucleunole

MeToAbl,

IIO3BOI'IfilotUue

aQQeKTHBHO

petriaTb

3alaqy

onTuM&r-IbHoro

ynpaBJIeHHf

pex(HMaMH

f3C,

He

AaFoT

aHaflH'

.ruqecxoli

cBfl3lr

ocHoBHbrx

napaMerpoB

pelKHMa MeixAy co6otl,

a raK-

)Ke He noffcHflroT

B3aHMOcBfl3H

H

pa3Hblx

KpHTepHeB

onTHMaJIbHocTH,

HcnoJrb3yeMbrx

B

pacqeTax

(uraliniuyM

H3Aepx(eK

3Heproc.HCTeMbI,

MH-

HHMyM

pacxoAa

ycJloBHoro

Toni'IHBa,

MaKCHMyM

BbIpa6oTKH

f3C).

LUnpoxue BosMox{Hocrn

MonJIH

6st

tipeAcraBHTb

aHailHTHtIecKIIe

Me-

-roAbl

MaTeMaTHqecKofo

ilpo|paMMHpoBaHKfl,-

BapHaUHOHHOe

licqHC-

JreHHe H

npHHuHrr

ivlaKcHMyMa

IIoH'rpnrHHa.

3ruuu

Mero.itaMH

HeJIb-

Ff

peuHTb

3aAaqy

OiIrHMaJIbHofo

yn'paBJIeHIIfl

pelKHlIaMH

f3C

B rofi

x{e [ocTaHoBKe,

qTo

H

Anfl

riHcIeHHbIX

MeTOAOB,

HO

MOX(HO

pelIIHTb

HecKoJIbKo

ynpou{eHHutl

BapHaHT

ee, noJIHocTblo

orpa>xarcilrut?

ocHos-

Hbte

oco6esHocrs

pacCMarpuaaeuott

gaAaqR,

HanpHilIep

AonycKas

AeTepMHLrupoBalrHbrfi

xapaKTep

ncxoAHofi ur{QopvtsI{HHi

nocroflHcrBo

KnA

f3C; Bo3Mox{Hocrb

3KBHBaJrer-rrnpoBatIHfl

I{

r.

.r,.

flpnr

sroM Mo-

ryr 6urru BbrsBJreH

br

ocFroBHbre

3a

KoHoMep

Hocrll

onrH

M

aJIbHoro

ynpaB-

IeHlrfi

AilHTeJrbrrbrM

pex(HMoM f3C,

n03Bo.;IfiioluHe

i(ourpoJIHpoBarb

KOppeKTlloCTb

peUJeHHf 3ailaqH

tlHcIeilHblMI{

MeTOAaMH.

-

PaccnorpHM

xapar(TepFrbre

cJryrraH

onpeJ,e.qeHHrr

rreo6xoAHMbrx

y'c-

,,cosHft

onTIIi,taJIbnocrH

AJIHTeflblloro

pe)l(trMa f3C,

iIaqHFIafi

c

ttau6o-

274

Jiee

npocroro

ciryqafi

-

HaJrw.utfl.

oAHoft

f 3C

AJIHTe,rIbHoro

pefyJlHpo-

BaHI.lfl

B

3HepfocHcTeMe

H

tlpex,noJIaf

afl'

r{To

Bce

IIapaMeTpbl

pe]KH]la

li HCXOAHaf

uncloprvrarIHfl

-

Henpepbl,BHbie

Qynxqtln

BpeN{eHH,

ABa}K'

nJIaHHpOBaHHf

peX{HNIOB

AOrrO;IHHTeJIbFIO

IIOfBIIfTOTCf

JIHLIIb

HeKO'

ropbte OcOdeFIHoCrH,

a HMeHrto

nepeMeFIrilift

eO

BpelleFlll

IIanop,

orpa-

z-

rl4qegHfl

nO

Z".a(V".0)

U",rlt

Q".6

(Zr.o),

CBfl3aHIlble

C

yC,'lOBHnUn

pa6O'

r1'r

fOC

e

BXC,'r43MeHeHHe

Bo

Bper,{eHH

cocraBa

pa6orarcuero

060-

?

i

)

!..,

I

py.qoe atrrn

T3C

pr

f3C

H r.

!..

Heo6xo.lgMbre

ycrroBHrr onrgMaJrbHocrH

pa6orur

f3c

I{

T3C

6;1'

,()'r

npeAcraB.rflrbcfl

TaKX(e

B

BHAe

paBeHcrBa

blec

w

Lr=cQizc

(clr.

$

13.2)

. Teri ca!rbrt{

onrr{}rar'IbtIbnvl

}Ioxer

6otra

ro;'IbKo

ror

pe-

l{iri}.1, B

I.,OTOpO\{

eJ,llHllqFlble

npllp2lqeliHfl

pac.\oJ,a

}'c.IIoBI{OfO

TOIl"lH-

Ba

T3C

KoMneiicHpyrorcfl

3KBHBafleIirHblM

eMy

H3MeFIeHlieM

pacxo;l4

BoAbr

Ha

f3C

npd

t;3q

-

const.

I-lpu

_oroM

lrec

_onpeAernercf

cro-

*o*r

'

wrec

3a

I.{HTei-rbHb['r

flepHoA

T:t*-to.

A"ttq

3aAatlllblx

fpa-

gHr{}tbtx

ycjloBttit

zr.6s Ll

?s,6x

pe[il€HHe

3aAaqH

OCyUeCT'BflfleTCff

HTe-

paUHOI-1HbtM

n)'TeM,

r,I,e

B

KaqecTBe

paCqeTHOfi

nepeMeHHoil

npliHfTa

lrec.

Orrsaxo

nolo$Hatt

nocTaHoBKa

3alaqH

He.4ocraToq[lo

aQSercrHnua

A"1fi

.lJHTer'Ibrlofo

)'IlpaBr,'IeHi'Ifi,

fle B

KaqecTBe

pacqeTHblx

nepeveH-

r-rsr.x

5o,tee

KoppeKrFIo

IlCInorb3oBarb

z'.u(t)

HJIH

/.poo

(i

),

a

He

ffrsc(l)

fl lVrec(t),

xaK

3ro

npHHflro

B 3aAar{e

Kparxocpot{Hoft

onrH-

nr"liq;un.

i-lolo6Hsrir

nur6op-

pacqerHblX

repeilteHHbIX

o6lqcHsercR

ueO6xo,A,sMOCTbro

peueHHf o6utef,t

3aAaqH

nepepacnpeAeJ'IeHlifl

3Hep-

tHH, a

He MoUIHOCTH

BO

BpelleHH

B

3aAaqe

AoJlrocpotiHofo

IIJ]?FIHpOBa'

HHn

pex(HMoB

(cY.

S

14.1)

Ha

T3C

peiKHLltbI

pa6oror

ryp6oarperaroB

Marlo

cBfsaHbI

Apyr

c

cTbto

H OAHo3HaqHo

onpeAe,TfleT

co$ofi

nepepaonpeAeneHge

3JIeKrpo-

grreprirr

B

aHeprocprcreMe

H odecneqtlBaeT

BbIno'rlHellne

3aAaHHoro

r(pHrepltr

onrHMaJIbHocrH.

flpn

sroM

ocobyrc

ponb

npuo6peraer

or-

rHMaiIbHoe

HcnoJIb3oBaHHe

.?fl!e, T.

e. xpHrepnri

Mal(cHMyMa

BbI'

l8*

275

I

Hbt ToJIbKo c

HanOpOM

3,r-IeKTpOCTaHUHH

npH

yCJIOBHH

OIITHMaJ'IbHOrO

MeHHoro

no Hanopy

KnA

f9C

Bbr3oBer

fiHIIIb

ycJIOX(HeHHfi

B

pacqe-

Tax H

He

noBJrHfleT

Ha

Kar{ecrBeHHbie

noKa3areJlH

pe}KHMoB. fioarovty

ocraHoBKMCfl

Ha clyqae

nocroflHHoro

Bo

BpeMeHH

KflA

f3C.

Paccuorpn,lt

HcIIorb3oBaHHe

MeToAoB

BapI'laIIHOHFlofo

HCr{Hcfle-

HHf

B

3a'Aar{e

IoJrfocpo'-{Hofo

nJraHHpoBaHHfl

PexiHr'IoB.

HafiAeil{

Heo6-

xoAli

M bre

ycJro

ts H

rr,

o6ecneq

H

B

a rourue orirHM

&ir

bHocrb

p

ex(hM a

p

a

6orbl

pycJloBofi

-f3C

ArturerlbHoro

peryJIHpoBaHHg

_3a

nepHoA

T:t*-to

n.CH

3a-taFiHbIX

fpaHHrlHblx

yCJIOBHflX

Vcpa6

o,

Vcpao

w

H OfpaHHqeHHqX

Ti{ria

irepaBerrcrB

Ha

vrruau)

ITO KpHrepHro

€".0

(/)

flpr.r

orc!'rcrBtili

xo,,'locrblx

c6pocoB

Ha

6.,'Iio.IdeTCfl

npH

pa6ote

3JieKrpocraFIIIHH

JIrc6an cpa6orKa

BoAoxp

aHHirHUra

BeAer

HbrM

norepnM

.?F3t

-

3".

llpu

unreJrbHoM

peryJrHpoBaHHH

ocHoBHbIe

norepH

IroABeAeHHoi'I

K

f3C 3HeprHH

cB.fl3aHbr

c

yMeHb[IeHHeil{

cpeAHeB38eiileHHoro

HZTIIo-

pa iipH c.pi6orxe-HaIIoJIHeHHH

BoAoxpaHH.rIHil{a

H

KnA

f3C

lisMe-

HreTcr B

MeHblllefi

creneHH'

ocHoBHI]le

H3lt{eHeHHs

I([IA

faC

cBff3a-

ycrroBHnMH

orrrHMarrbHofo

Hcno,rlb3osaHls

3,

(cil1"

9 ]]-a'l

tn'

11

6rrno

noxasaHo,

tLTo

B

6onluaucrBe

cJlyr{aeB

rpaexr.opHr

cpa6orrn-

HanoJrHeHHfl

BoAoxpaHrIJIHUa AoJIxna

6mrl

norHyrofr

QyuxUneli

lno

z".u

(/)

].

floro6uorfi

xapaKrep

Kpr.iBbrx

o6ecnequBaer

MHHHMyI{

ilO-

repb

;)F36,

3aAepiKHBaer

cpa6orry

Bo

BpeN{eHH

H

ycKopfler

BbixoA

Vs

ypanHennfi

(14-15) c.rleAyer,

'{To

npH

Qlo:0

fBJlflercfl

paBrlo',Nlepumri

'pex{HM

pa6orlr

f3c c

:

COt-lSt,

Oflp€lea'Ifevrntii

rpaHHqtiblMH,VCJIOBHflvlH'IIO

Qy

t{evi

6onture

Q"o(l)

run

F",

reu

MeHbrIe

6y:er

cpa6orxa

BoAoxpaHI'IJIHula

H3-3a

i,'BeJ'IHqeHHfl

ryorePb

t^.n""

(

14.

1 5)

cJleAyer

raKlKe,

qro

Qyuxuun

Qr;c

(

l)

TOJTbKO

NrOuoToHHo

BO3paCTaroqeir

xpnnOr?

BpeMeHI'i,

f3C

xprrrepHr'"'t

(14.10) co'

no

BOAOTOKy,

rAe

A3op:Q'

K

.1.OiIOTH

HTeIbHblM

pelKliM-

DrecQrec

*

6rec

(HX9

A

-

h"pu6-

E*.0)

-

0.

( 14.18)

---E- -T

-at

vlJL\'r

r"

"cpa6

su'6'f

-

"

cr-t,7

OIITHIvI

a,'IbHblM

r\ -n

Vf3C

-qce-

BepxHeliy

6oe-

OTHOCI'iTe,/'IbH

a

g

3sp.

l4z

yPaB-

MolKer

6strl

TAK

iKC

KAK

U

(14.

10)

rAe

rvirc

-

l/rec

+',L[J.,,,,.

:3Aeco

,

ff;:c

-cpeAHeHHrepBaJIb+afl.

MSIII-

Hocrb;

Iil

-

rurpaQuah

Qyiixtlnq,

eeeAeHnaff

Ans

yqera

olpaHllqeHnfi

Ha

paCqeTHbte

nepeMeHFIble

V"pro(i)

H OIIpeAeJIgellar

ilo

QopM,Vne

(14.

i 1)

(14. l2)

(14.13)

ru

-0,5

(p,,p't sg

gr

*

pzqzz sg

gz)

,

?r

:

9,

(V-;p*o)

=v|ffq

(t)

-

V*o (/)

<0;

9z:?,

(V.p"o)

:

V"r,u (f)

-

Y:;X8

(/)<0'

cJIe.(ytoulrlv

o6p

a3oM.

Tpe6yercR

uai'trn

peHiHM

f3C, o6ecnequBarcUIHI'"1

MHHHMyII

pacxo-

Aa

ycnOBHoro TOII;IHBa

Ha

I-lHTepBa-iIe

T-

t*-to

npH

3aAaHHbIX

tpa-

HHril-rbrx

ycroBHqx

no BepxHeuy

6leQy:

Jtec:

ffir"

(t)

dt =)

max,

I

re

I

H

ii

il

tr

l{

fI

Tar KaK

l/rec:ly'rec(V.p.o,

y.p"6,

i),

rO seodxoAnllble

ycJloB(fi

sKcT-

piuyua-QyHKuuoFra.rra

Moir(Ho

rloJtyr{Hrb,

pe[IHB

ypaBHeHltn

Sitnepa:

Pacxpun

KalKAyro

ils cocraBJrflrorrlHx

ypaEHeHHx

-(la.la)

H3BeAs

HeKoTopble-

npeo6pa3oBaFtgf

AJIg'

Aolrycruuofi

3oHlI'

f

3

C,

noryr{HM

'

Qnp(l)

-

d6*.0(l)

-

n

T;T4

--

dt-

:

v'

Tanuu

o6pasou,

Arff

plc",loBofr

fOC

npn

o6xoAnuue

ycxoBHff noryqelrHtr

3l(crpeMyMa

276

rAe B*

:

B

(i/rec)

*

tll;

Nrec

:

P"-

Nrsc'.

3rO

03HaqaeT,

qTO

B*

-

B*

(Vrr^u, V

r.pa6,

t) npH

yCJIOBIIH,

rITo

rurpaQuan

QyHxtIHff

onpeAeJrlflercf

no

(14.1 I

).

Torla

Heo6xoguMbIe

ycJoBHf

OnTHMaJ'ttsOcru

V.pra(t-)

Mo)KFIo

HA|1TH.,

peugB

ypaBHeHgfl

Siurepa

Anq

OyHKtlHoHarIa

(

1a.16)

:

-

dt

\dQ,/

(14.16)

dB*

(t4.17)

d/"pno

PeLuHe

ypaBHeltHe

oTHocHTeJIbHo

V

"pao(/),

nO.rryrlHM CIeAy1o{lee

lteo6-

xOAHMOe

yC,.roBHe

OnTHrMa,'IbriocTH

AJIHTeJIbHO|O

pell(HUa

fOC

II

T3C

AJIH

Aonycrllnoit

3oHbl

HX

pa6o-rut

3

i

{.,:

I

J

I

t,,

,N

B":

J

n-

0dt=)min,

tg

d

/arui'"\-"

dr

\

N"

J-

\'''

( r4.14)

H

rpo-

p

a 6oru

( r4.15)

nocrorHHoM

KnA

He-

(14.10)

coBnaAalor

c

Conocrae;'Ie

HH€

ypaeHeur.rii

(14.18)

H

(14.15)

IIoKa3blBaer,

qro

riptrrepHil

MaKCHMyx,ra Bbrpa6orxu

f3C

flBiIfleTcfl

rIacrHbIlI

c,TyqaeiM

KpHTeplifl

NIHHHII)'Ma

pacxoAa

yc.i'ioBlioro

ron"lHBa ilpH

b13q(/)

:

:COilSt,

T.

E.

rIPI4,']HHCiIHOfI

CPCAHCHHTCPBAJIbHOi{

XAPAKTEPHCTHKC

T3C. flory.lgi{Hbui

BbIBo.q

AocraroqHo

xapaKrepeH

AJIfl

coBpeMeHIIbtx

gHeDrocrIcreM

c

6floqHbrMlr

arperaraMH

H

rMaJIbrM

AHaua30HoM

H3,Me-

HeHr-rfl

'brzc(ffrsc).

Teu

caMbtlvl

noATBepiKAaeTcr

Bo3NiolKHocrb HC-

rro;'rb3oBzFrHfl

KpHrepHfl

(14.10)

.r,i'Ifi

aHarili3a asQexraBHocrH

pa6o-

ror

f3C

B 3[reprocHCreMe.

PaccvoTpHvr,

KaKHlr o6pa30M

pa3rHt{Hue

QaKTopbt

6y.11'r

BJ'II'lqrb

Ha

OIITIi]{3;1bl.lr'rl'r

peX(iIM fOC.

A.,rq

-l.epHaar{HoHrror?

f3C riartop

pH.r,poarperara

6yler

MeHbuIe

Hrec

3a cqer

Iiorepb B

fepHBaUHH

AHo.p

H

BoAoBoAax

AllBoA.

Co-

oTBeTcrBeHtro

rreo6x04HMbre

ycJIoBr{fl

onrHMa.lbFrocrH

A,/'IHTe"ilbrtoro

pe;*(H.\ra

f

OC

ro

ripHrepHFo

(14.10)

Ailr

Ka)ritoro MoMeLlra BpeMe-

nu

I npirlryr

BH-l:

Ec;ra B

pacqerbl

BBecrLI

rlepeMeFllrr,rir KflA

f_3C

xar

SyHt<Utlto

ot

H

rec,

To

3ro

ilpHBeAer

x

none,reHllto

B

(14.15)

AoEoJIHHTeJibHblX

qreHoB,

KoropBre 6y4yr

yqllrbtBarb

BapHaUHliIryA

rpH

H3MeHeHHll

KAK

211.6,

raK H

2".6.-

Xapaxrep

e71HqHLifl

KnA

f3C

Ha

pe)KHM

3JI'eKT-

po.ru*u"r

6yler ofipere,,rflTbcq

BHAoM

3aBHCHMocrH

ri.r.

(Ilrsc).

e!-o riA ne)'{iHM

f3C aHaJIofHqHo

tio

cBo-eMy

B npotrreronr

cryqae

yqer

KnA

rox<AecrseH

I.{3 BOIOXp

a H

H,'IHU{4.

e&6ex'rv

pocr!

Qnp.

-'r-r----J

f

yrlery norepb

pacxor,a

EcnH

B

3HeprocHcTevre

m f3C,

fHApaB,THr{ecKH

He

cBfl3aFII{bIX

A'pyf

c

.Iplrfo\{,

To Heo6xoIIIr{o

pa3le/lbHoe

peueHHe

m-fo

ypaBHe-

HHq

3f,r;repa

Blr-ra

(114.t5)

e,'ln

KpHrepnr

MaKCHMyMa

Bbtpa6orr<tt

BCex

f 3c.

3tra.{rire,'rbrro

c.ToiKrree

Becrr{ arrar'rri3

aQQexrlrBHocrrr

pe}titis{a

rIZ

f3C

IIa

pa3Hblx

Bo.loroKax no KpHropHIo

MHHH.vyMa

pacxola

):c'.'IoB-

HO|O

TOtt,'IHBa, a TaKX(e B Cfl}tl8e

KaCKaAHOTO

peryjlHpOBaHHfl

BOf.O-

ToKoB.

IJ.ns

oileHKlr

npa.BHJrbHocrH

per.rreHrrr, rreJryqerlHoro

qttcileHHbt-

MH MeTOAa,MH,

MOX(HO

BOCrIO.rrb3OBaTbCf

MeTOS,O-\4

tlpHpaU{eHI{t"i,

T.

e.

paccMorpeTb pex(HMr,r,

6ecxoHeqHo

6lusxlle

x

no"'ryr{eH[rbrM

Ha 3Bl',L.

Qno,dt

--4-

*

a

([,,.uf

E'.0*!,o')

:0, (

14.

1e)

rAe

ig.o, Eo.p, €"oo

onpeAeJ'Iftorcfl

no

Qopvy,rav,

IIpHBeAeHHbIM

B

rn.7.lioqereHi{e

AorroJrHHTe,TbHbrx

r{reHoB

B

(14.19)

npHBeAer

K

Ao-

no,'rrilrrerbFrbrilr norepflM

3": -?F3t

(r.

e.

A3o.p

s

A3"or)

H,

c.IIeJ,O-

BarerbHo, K

yMerrbureHHro

cKopocrr'1

cpa6oTKrr

Bo.loxpaHI.{JIHU-la

}r

1,s-

KOpeirrirc

efo r{anoiIrreFrHfi

.

I;'rr

npHil"'Torrrrrrrofi fOC

c

ArHtrtrbrlrur

Bo-r,oBoizrMI{

B

ypaBiteHI'ttl

(

14.19)

€.rep

orcyrcrByer.

flp"

)'qere

xoJ'Iocrbrx c6pocoe

qepe3

'pyc.rloBbte

f3C

H3MeHHrcfl

Qopuy"rs

l.r-rf

pacqeTa

Qr:c

H

floffBfTCfl

.nonoJHHT€.r'IbHble

noTepH

3Heprlilr

sa cqer

FrlrxHefo

6reSa

A3,,.0.

!,ar

lepHBaqHoHnurx

f3c

c

Bg.loc6pocoM B

FIartopHoM 6accel'rHe,ilofBfTCfl

j,ono"rtHHTeJIbHble

fio-

TepH

3i{eprHH

B

AepHBauHH

A3o"p.

Bce

gro

raKx(e 3aMeTTJIHT

cl(opocrb

cpa6orxlr BoAoxpaHHJrHuIa

npH 3aAaHHbrx

rpaHHqHbtx

ycJIoBHfix

ilo

BepXHelrV

6seQy

H

yMeHbuHT

h0.pao

npI{

<<He3aKpenJIeHHo}l)>

CoCTofl.

rrHl{

Bo.f,oxpaHfiJrxu{a

e

f*.

Ec.'ru

vqecrb

noTepH

'BoAbr

H3

BoAoxpaHlrJIHu{a

B

BHAe 3aBIicHMo-

cru

Qno.

(

/.p"0)

,

ro BMecro

(

14. l5) nonyqHM

yp

a BHet'l

He

Qnp

(l)

-

T;G'

dQno.

,

dE".e

(t)

n

d)y";

T-at-

:

u'

(14.20)

r;le

Es.6:E*.0

(Q*.u)

lt

Q'.0: Qnp*Q"-Qno"

(Vrp,o):Qrec.

KaK

npaBHJIO,

Qno"

yMeHbtllarcTcr.

c

yBenHqe[tHeM

Vrp^6,

T. e.

Ho-

Bbrrl'q,'leH

B

ypaBHeHHH

(14.20)

coB[aAaer

no

3HaKy

c

npol'l3BoAHofi

6n.o

no t. B

erov

cnyqae

yqeT

noTepb

Bol.bt

H3

BoAoxparlHJlllu{a

6y-

Aer

BrTrrffTb

rrZl

pex{HM

f3c

B HanpaBJrer{HH,

rrporHBonoJlox{HoM

yBe-

fiHqernrn

Qno

H

Fu.

Pesynurarovr 3Toro

MolKer

6utrr,

npu6,rHx{etlHe

onrlrMajrbrroro

pex(IrMa

K paBnoMepltort cpa6orxe

BoAoxpaHH.,.'IHura.

278

I

Обрезков В.И. Гидроэнергетика (2-ое изд)

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.