Novak P. Developments in hydraulic engineering - Vol. 5
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
ENGINEERING—5
CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 2, 3 AND 4
Volume 2
1. Vibrations of Hydraulic Structures. P.A.KOLKMAN
2. Gate Vibrations. P.A.KOLKMAN
3. Aeration at Hydraulic Structures. K.HAINDL
4. Spillways of High Dams. J.J.CASSIDY and R.A.ELDER
5. Energy Dissipation at High Dams. F.A.LOCHER and S.T.HSU
Volume 3
1. Dispersion in Rivers and Coastal Waters—1. Physical Principles and Dispersion
Equations. FORREST M.HOLLY JR
2. Dispersion in Rivers and Coastal Waters—2. Numerical Computation of Dispersion.
PATRICK SAUVAGET
3. Sea Outfalls. JOHN A.CHARLTON
4. Flood Routing. ROLAND K.PRICE
5. Ice and River Engineering. Ö.STAROSOLSZKY
6. Inland Waterways. J.ČÁBELKA and P.GABRIEL
7. Ports and Harbours. M.W.OWEN
Volume 4
1. Lake Hydraulics. KOLUMBAN HUTTER and DANIEL VISCHER
2. Tidal Power Generation. E.M.WILSON and M.BALLS
3. Multiphase Flows in Porous Media. HUBERT J.MOREL-SEYTOUX
4. Groundwater Flow and Pollution in Fractured Rock Aquifers. JACOB BEAR and
BRIAN BERKOWITZ
5. Groundwater Models. K.R.RUSHTON
6. Groundwater Utilisation and Protection. ERNST P.NEMEČEK
DEVELOPMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING—
5
Edited by
P.NOVAK
Emeritus Professor of Civil and Hydraulic
Engineering,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE
LONDON and NEW YORK
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking,
Essex IG11 8JU, England
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“ To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of
thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.”
Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 52
Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
WITH 11 TABLES AND 89 ILLUSTRATIONS
© ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1988
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Developments in Hydraulic Engineering.—5 —(Developments series). 1. Hydraulic engineering
I. Series 627 TC145
The Library of Congress has cataloged this serial publication as follows: Developments in
hydraulic engineering.—1.—London, England: Applied Science Publishers, 1983– v.: ill.;
22cm.—(Developments series) Published: London; New York: Elsevier Applied Science
Publishers, 1. Hydraulic engineering—Periodicals. I. Series. TC1.D47 626′.05–dc19 86–657602
ISBN 0-203-97393-3 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 1-85166-157-3 (Print Edition)
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property
as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any
methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.
Special regulations for readers in the USA
This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem,
Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which
photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions,
including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the publisher.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmited in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
PREFACE
This is the fifth volume of Developments in Hydraulic Engineering, the publication of
which started in the autumn of 1983. During the intervening years one of the main aims
of the series has remained unchanged, i.e. to publish in each volume a number of
chapters—considerably more extensive than papers in technical journals, but shorter than
monographs—each giving an authoritative and comprehensive up-to-date review of the
state-of-the-art of a subject area within hydraulic engineering.
The first two volumes were oriented each broadly towards a main theme without being
too narrow. Volume 1 dealt with the role and some applications of computational
hydraulics in hydraulic structures design and with irrigation structures and related
sediment problems; the hydraulic structures orientation continued in the second volume
concentrating on vibration and operation of structures and on the design of spillways and
energy dissipation. The third volume saw a change of emphasis, with seven chapters
ranging over a broader field of river, estuarine and coastal hydraulics including
dispersion, flood routing, ice engineering, inland waterways and port design. Although
the fourth volume dealt predominantly in four chapters with groundwater hydraulics and
development, two further contributions on lake hydraulics and tidal power—both of
substantial topicality—were included.
Although, in the long term, it is likely that each future volume may deal with a more
clearly defined single main theme within hydraulic engineering, for the time being the
editor is glad to have secured—for this and the next volume—the cooperation of a
number of authors well known in their subject area, who have written original
contributions, each with a comprehensive list of references.
There is one further innovation in this fifth volume. Previously the number of chapters
varied between five and seven; in this volume, due to the need for a more thorough
treatment of the subject matter, particularly in two of the contributions, only four chapters
are included, as otherwise Volume 5 would greatly exceed its planned length.
The first chapter, on water power development, deals in its first three sections with
some general matters of hydropower utilisation, but the bulk of the text is oriented
towards all aspects of low-head river developments, including their layout, planning
criteria, magnitude and evaluation of producible power and energy, generating sets and
their operation, electrical equipment, environmental aspects and economic appraisal. A
special section on small size hydropower plants is also included. The text is well
documented by figures and contains both the theoretical background as well as practical
advice drawing on the author’s lifelong involvement in hydropower development.
Although some of the material has been published by the author before, it is dispersed in
many publications; this text has been thoroughly revised and updated and contains a great
deal of previously unpublished work. The first part of the text forms also an introduction
to a future text by Professor Mosonyi on high-head power development, which is likely
to be included in the next volume.
Developing further the previous treatment of ice engineering, the next chapter, on
intake design for ice conditions, discusses one topic in ice engineering which is of
paramount importance in power development and water supply in general. It deals with
the characteristics of ice problems that must be taken into account in the design and
operation of intakes, the ice growth and production rates and its behaviour at intakes in
various conditions and with the counter measures to be taken. The chapter concludes with
some typical case studies illustrating the magnitude and diversity of the ice conditions at
intakes.
Although, in Volume 3 of this series, some aspects of wave climate were briefly
mentioned in the chapter on ports, and the dispersion in coastal waters was extensively
covered, many aspects of the sea face of estuaries, particularly those referring to tidal
currents and waves and their effect on sediment transport, had not been previously
discussed. This is an area with many new, exciting, recent developments in analysis and
computation; starting with a description of three typical estuaries with widely differing
characteristics (Santos in Brazil, Rio Pungue in Mozambique and the Mersey in the UK),
the author discusses the methods of study of the hydraulic behaviour of estuaries,
concentrating on the numerical analysis of interactions between estuaries and seas. The
detailed treatment of regional modelling of tidal flows and of tidal currents at estuary
mouths, as well as of regional modelling of waves and of nearshore waves and currents,
is followed by the discussion of sea bed stresses and induced sediment transport and a
summary of the properties of various wave models. The chapter concludes with a section
speculating how the previously mentioned three estuaries could be modelled using
recently developed techniques.
The last chapter of this volume looks to one specific development in water resources
engineering of lowlands—the polders. The Dutch engineers have, of course, long been
the pioneers in this area, and three Dutch authors, after a brief description of polders, deal
in some detail with the soil types encountered in polders and particularly with the
complex water management of polders, including design of irrigation and drainage and
flood control systems. The text concludes with a look to the polders of the future.
In presenting this fifth volume of the series, the Editor trusts that its individual texts as
well as the volume as a whole will be received as a further contribution towards progress
both in the specialised fields presented here and in hydraulic engineering in general.
P.NOVAK
CONTENTS
Preface
v
List of Contributors
x
1.
Water Power Development: Low-Head Hydropower Utilization
E.MOSONYI
1
2.
Intake Design for Ice Conditions
G.D.ASHTON
101
3.
The Interface Between Estuaries and Seas
D.M.MCDOWELL
129
4.
Polders
J.M.LUIJENDIJK, E.SCHULTZ and W.A.SEGEREN
178
Index
209