Nielsen M. Atlas of Human Anatomy
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Muscles of neck, shoulder, brachium, and chest
Anteror view
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The anterior muscle
compartment of the
brachium consists of
Anterior Brachial Muscles
three muscles — the coracobrachialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii. The coracobrachialis and
brachialis each cross a single joint, the shoulder joint and elbow joint respectively. The biceps
brachii crosses three joints, the shoulder, and the humero-ulnar and radio-ulnar joints of the
elbow. The muscles share in common the actions of fl exion of the shoulder and elbow. All three
muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
Muscles of the right brachium and scapula
Anterior view
Anterior Brachial Muscles
1 Coracobrachialis
2 Brachialis
3 Biceps brachii - long head
4 Biceps brachii - short head
5 Triceps brachii
Other Muscles and Structures
6 Supraspinatus
7 Subscapularis
8 Teres major
9 Brachioradialis
10 Pronator teres
11 Coracoid process
12 Superior angle
13 Inferior angle
14 Greater tubercle
15 Lesser tubercle
Deep muscles of the right brachium
Anterior view
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Muscles of the right brachium and scapula
Posterior view
The three headed triceps
brachii muscle is the sole
muscle of the posterior
Posterior Brachial Muscles
compartment of the brachium. This large muscle extends the shoulder and elbow joints and is innervated
bythe radial nerve.
Posterior Brachial Muscles
1 Triceps brachii - medial head
2 Triceps brachii - lateral head
3 Triceps brachii - long head
4 Biceps brachii - long head
5 Beceps brachii - short head
6 Brachialis
Other Muscles and Structures
7 Supraspinatus
8 Infraspinatus
9 Teres minor
10 Teres major
11 Humerus
12 Greater tubercle
13 Spine of scapula
14 Brachail artery
Transverse section of right midbrachim
Inferior view
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The muscles of the
anterior antebra-
chium form three
Anterior Antebrachial Muscles
distinct muscle layers. The superfi cial group has four superfi cial muscles (pronator teres, fl exor carpi
radialis, palmaris longus, and fl exor carpi ulnaris) covering the intermediate fl exor digitorum superfi cialis.
All fi ve of these muscles share a common attachment on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The three
deep muscles (fl exor digitorum profundus, fl exor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus) do not cross
theelbow joint. Other than the two pronators, all the muscles are fl exors of either the wrist or digits. The
median nerve innervates all but the fl exor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the fl exor digitorum profundus,
both of which are supplied by the ulnar nerve.
Superfi cial muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterior view, hand pronated
Anterior Antebrachial Muscles
1 Pronator teres
2 Flexor carpi radialis
3 Palmaris longus
4 Flexor carpi ulnaris
5 Flexor digitorum superficialis
6 Flexor digitorum profundus
7 Flexor pollicis longus
8 Pronator quadratus
Other Muscles and Structures
9 Brachialis
10 Palmar aponeurosis
11 Brachial arter y
12 Radial artery
13 Ulnar artery
14 Anterior interosseous artery
15 Interosseous membrane
16 Abductor pollicis brevis
17 Flexor pollicis brevis
18 Lumbricals
19 Adductor pollicis
20 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
21 Abductor digiti minimi
22 Palmaris brevis
23 Supinator
24 Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
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Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterior view, superficial muscles removed and hand pronated
Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterior view, muscles removed to expose pronator quadratus
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There are two
muscle groups
in the posterior
Posterior Antebrachial Muscles
antebrachium — the eight muscles of the lateral group that share a common attachment on or near the
lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the four muscles of the radial group that course along the distal
aspect of the radius to insert on the thumb and fi rst fi nger. Like the triceps of the posterior brachial
compartment, all the muscles of the posterior antebrachium receive innervation via the radial nerve.
With a few exceptions, the muscles are extensors of either the elbow, wrist, or digits.
Posterior Antebrachial Muscles
1 Brachioradialis
2 Anconeus
3 Supinator
4 Extensor carpi radialis longus
5 Extensor carpi radialis brevis
6 Extensor digitorum
7 Extensor digiti minimi
8 Extensor carpi ulnaris
9 Abductor pollicis longus
10 Extensor pollicis longus
11 Extensor pollicis brevis
12 Extensor indicis
Other Muscles and Structures
13 Biceps brachii
14 Brachialis
15 Triceps brachii
16 Flexor carpi radialis
17 Pronator teres
18 Flexor pollicis longus
19 Abductor digiti minimi
20 Dorsal interossei
Superfi cial muscles of the right antebrachium
Posterior view, hand pronated
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Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Posterior view, lateral group muscles removed and hand pronated
Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterolateral view, lateral group muscles removed and hand pronated
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There are three muscle groups in the hand — the muscles of the thenar eminence
at the base of the thumb, the muscles of the hypothenar eminence at the base of
the little fi nger, and the three layers of intermetacarpal muscles that occupy the
Hand Muscles
spaces between the metacarpal bones. All of these muscles arise from the anterior muscles of the embryonic limb bud and
receive anterior division nerve supply from the median and ulnar nerves as they pass from the anterior antebrachium into
the hand. While the median nerve supplies the majority of the muscles of the anterior antebrachium, the ulnar nerve supplies
all but three of the muscles in the hand.
Superfi cial muscles of the right hand
Anterior view
Muscles of the
thenar eminence
Muscles of the
hypothenar eminence
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Intermediate muscles of the right hand
Anterior view
Hand Muscles
1 Abductor pollicis brevis
2 Flexor pollicis brevis
3 Adductor pollicis
4 Abductor digiti minimi
5 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
6 Palmaris brevis
7 Lumbricals
8 Palmar interossei
9 Dorsal interossei
Other Muscles and Structures
10 Flexor digitorum superficialis
11 Flexor digitorum profundus
12 Palmaris longus
13 Flexor carpi ulnaris
14 Flexor pollucis longus
15 Flexor carpi radialis
16 Palmar aponeurosis
17 Flexor retinaculum
18 Ulna
Muscles of the
thenar eminence
Muscles of the
hypothenar eminence
Intermetacarpal muscles
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Hand Muscles
Deep muscles of the right hand
Anterior view
Muscles of the
thenar eminence
Muscles of the
hypothenar eminence
Intermetacarpal muscles
Hand Muscles
1 Abductor pollicis brevis (cut)
2 Flexor pollicis brevis (cut)
3 Opponens pollicis
4 Adductor pollicis
5 Abductor digiti minimi
6 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
7 Opponens digiti minimi
8 Palmaris brevis
9 Lumbricals (cut)
10 Palmar interossei
11 Dorsal interossei
Other Muscles and Structures
12 Flexor digitorum superficialis
13 Flexor digitorum profundus
14 Carpal tunnel
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