Munson B.R. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

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Appendix B ■ Physical Properties of Fluids 717

TABLE B.3

Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (BG Units)

Specific Speed

Specific Dynamic Kinematic Heat of

Density, Viscosity, Viscosity, Ratio, Sound,

Temperature kc

() (

)

(

)

(

)

(

)

(—) (ft兾s)

1.401 1004

1.401 1028

0 1.401 1051

10 1.401 1062

20 1.401 1074

30 1.401 1085

40 1.401 1096

50 1.401 1106

60 1.401 1117

70 1.401 1128

80 1.400 1138

90 1.400 1149

100 1.400 1159

120 1.400 1180

140 1.399 1200

160 1.399 1220

180 1.399 1239

200 1.398 1258

300 1.394 1348

400 1.389 1431

500 1.383 1509

750 1.367 1685

1000 1.351 1839

1500 1.329 21141.51 E ⫺ 39.50 E ⫺ 72.024 E ⫺ 26.291 E ⫺ 4

9.30 E ⫺ 47.85 E ⫺ 72.717 E ⫺ 28.445 E ⫺ 4

6.68 E ⫺ 46.81 E ⫺ 73.280 E ⫺ 21.020 E ⫺ 3

4.51 E ⫺ 45.80 E ⫺ 74.135 E ⫺ 21.285 E ⫺ 3

3.65 E ⫺ 45.24 E ⫺ 74.616 E ⫺ 21.435 E ⫺ 3

3.06 E ⫺ 44.97 E ⫺ 75.224 E ⫺ 21.624 E ⫺ 3

2.40 E ⫺ 44.49 E ⫺ 76.016 E ⫺ 21.870 E ⫺ 3

2.25 E ⫺ 44.34 E ⫺ 76.204 E ⫺ 21.928 E ⫺ 3

2.12 E ⫺ 44.22 E ⫺ 76.404 E ⫺ 21.990 E ⫺ 3

2.01 E ⫺ 44.13 E ⫺ 76.617 E ⫺ 22.057 E ⫺ 3

1.89 E ⫺ 44.02 E ⫺ 76.846 E ⫺ 22.128 E ⫺ 3

1.79 E ⫺ 43.94 E ⫺ 77.090 E ⫺ 22.204 E ⫺ 3

1.74 E ⫺ 43.90 E ⫺ 77.219 E ⫺ 22.244 E ⫺ 3

1.69 E ⫺ 43.86 E ⫺ 77.353 E ⫺ 22.286 E ⫺ 3

1.64 E ⫺ 43.82 E ⫺ 77.492 E ⫺ 22.329 E ⫺ 3

1.58 E ⫺ 43.75 E ⫺ 77.636 E ⫺ 22.373 E ⫺ 3

1.52 E ⫺ 43.68 E ⫺ 77.786 E ⫺ 22.420 E ⫺ 3

1.46 E ⫺ 43.60 E ⫺ 77.942 E ⫺ 22.469 E ⫺ 3

1.42 E ⫺ 43.58 E ⫺ 78.104 E ⫺ 22.519 E ⫺ 3

1.36 E ⫺ 43.50 E ⫺ 78.273 E ⫺ 22.571 E ⫺ 3

1.31 E ⫺ 43.44 E ⫺ 78.449 E ⫺ 22.626 E ⫺ 3

1.26 E ⫺ 43.38 E ⫺ 78.633 E ⫺ 22.683 E ⫺ 3

1.19 E ⫺ 43.34 E ⫺ 79.026 E ⫺ 22.805 E ⫺ 3⫺20

1.12 E ⫺ 43.29 E ⫺ 79.456 E ⫺ 22.939 E ⫺ 3⫺40

Ⲑ

slbⴢs

Ⲑ

slugs

Ⲑ

ⴗF

NMGR

Weight

Based on data from R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., New York, 1984.

Density and specific weight are related through the equation For this table g ⫽ 32.174 ft

Ⲑ

.g ⫽ rg.

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718 Appendix B ■ Physical Properties of Fluids

TABLE B.4

Physical Properties of Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SI Units)

Specific Speed

Specific Dynamic Kinematic Heat of

Density, Viscosity, Viscosity, Ratio, Sound,

Temperature kc

() (

)

(

)

(

)

(

)

(—) (m兾s)

1.514 14.85 1.401 306.2

1.395 13.68 1.401 319.1

0 1.292 12.67 1.401 331.4

5 1.269 12.45 1.401 334.4

10 1.247 12.23 1.401 337.4

15 1.225 12.01 1.401 340.4

20 1.204 11.81 1.401 343.3

25 1.184 11.61 1.401 346.3

30 1.165 11.43 1.400 349.1

40 1.127 11.05 1.400 354.7

50 1.109 10.88 1.400 360.3

60 1.060 10.40 1.399 365.7

70 1.029 10.09 1.399 371.2

80 0.9996 9.803 1.399 376.6

90 0.9721 9.533 1.398 381.7

100 0.9461 9.278 1.397 386.9

200 0.7461 7.317 1.390 434.5

300 0.6159 6.040 1.379 476.3

400 0.5243 5.142 1.368 514.1

500 0.4565 4.477 1.357 548.8

1000 0.2772 2.719 1.321 694.81.82 E ⫺ 45.04 E ⫺ 5

7.97 E ⫺ 53.64 E ⫺ 5

6.34 E ⫺ 53.32 E ⫺ 5

4.84 E ⫺ 52.98 E ⫺ 5

3.39 E ⫺ 52.53 E ⫺ 5

2.29 E ⫺ 52.17 E ⫺ 5

2.20 E ⫺ 52.14 E ⫺ 5

2.07 E ⫺ 52.07 E ⫺ 5

1.97 E ⫺ 52.03 E ⫺ 5

1.86 E ⫺ 51.97 E ⫺ 5

1.76 E ⫺ 51.95 E ⫺ 5

1.66 E ⫺ 51.87 E ⫺ 5

1.60 E ⫺ 51.86 E ⫺ 5

1.56 E ⫺ 51.85 E ⫺ 5

1.51 E ⫺ 51.82 E ⫺ 5

1.47 E ⫺ 51.80 E ⫺ 5

1.41 E ⫺ 51.76 E ⫺ 5

1.36 E ⫺ 51.73 E ⫺ 5

1.32 E ⫺ 51.71 E ⫺ 5

1.17 E ⫺ 51.63 E ⫺ 5⫺20

1.04 E ⫺ 51.57 E ⫺ 5⫺40

Ⲑ

sNⴢs

Ⲑ

ⴗC

NMGR

Weight

Based on data from R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., New York, 1984.

Density and specific weight are related through the equation For this table g ⫽ 9.807 m

Ⲑ

.g ⫽ rg.

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719

ppendix C

Properties of the U.S.

Standard Atmosphere

TABLE C.1

Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere (BG Units)

Dynamic

Acceleration Density, Viscosity,

Altitude Temperature of Gravity, Pressure, p

(ft) ( ) g ( ) [ (abs)] ( ) ( )

76.84 32.189 17.554

0 59.00 32.174 14.696

5,000 41.17 32.159 12.228

10,000 23.36 32.143 10.108

15,000 5.55 32.128 8.297

20,000 12.26 32.112 6.759

25,000 30.05 32.097 5.461

30,000 47.83 32.082 4.373

35,000 65.61 32.066 3.468

40,000 69.70 32.051 2.730

45,000 69.70 32.036 2.149

50,000 69.70 32.020 1.692

60,000 69.70 31.990 1.049

70,000 67.42 31.959 0.651

80,000 61.98 31.929 0.406

90,000 56.54 31.897 0.255

100,000 51.10 31.868 0.162

150,000 19.40 31.717 0.020

200,000 19.78 31.566 0.003

250,000 88.77 31.415 0.000 2.846 E ⫺ 76.458 E ⫺ 8⫺

3.279 E ⫺ 75.328 E ⫺ 7⫺

3.511 E ⫺ 73.658 E ⫺ 6

3.087 E ⫺ 73.318 E ⫺ 5⫺

3.052 E ⫺ 75.610 E ⫺ 5⫺

3.018 E ⫺ 78.571 E ⫺ 5⫺

2.984 E ⫺ 71.392 E ⫺ 4⫺

2.969 E ⫺ 72.256 E ⫺ 4⫺

2.969 E ⫺ 73.639 E ⫺ 4⫺

2.969 E ⫺ 74.623 E ⫺ 4⫺

2.969 E ⫺ 75.873 E ⫺ 4⫺

2.995 E ⫺ 77.382 E ⫺ 4⫺

3.107 E ⫺ 78.907 E ⫺ 4⫺

3.217 E ⫺ 71.066 E ⫺ 3⫺

3.324 E ⫺ 71.267 E ⫺ 3⫺

3.430 E ⫺ 71.496 E ⫺ 3

3.534 E ⫺ 71.756 E ⫺ 3

3.637 E ⫺ 72.048 E ⫺ 3

3.737 E ⫺ 72.377 E ⫺ 3

3.836 E ⫺ 72.745 E ⫺ 3⫺5,000

lbⴢs

Ⲑ

slugs

Ⲑ

in.

Ⲑ

ⴗF

Data abridged from U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

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720 Appendix C ■ Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere

TABLE C.2

Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere (SI Units)

Dynamic

Acceleration Density, Viscosity,

Altitude Temperature of Gravity, Pressure, p

(m) ( ) g ( ) [ (abs)] ( ) ( )

21.50 9.810

0 15.00 9.807

1,000 8.50 9.804

2,000 2.00 9.801

3,000 4.49 9.797

4,000 10.98 9.794

5,000 17.47 9.791

6,000 23.96 9.788

7,000 30.45 9.785

8,000 36.94 9.782

9,000 43.42 9.779

10,000 49.90 9.776

15,000 56.50 9.761

20,000 56.50 9.745

25,000 51.60 9.730

30,000 46.64 9.715

40,000 22.80 9.684

50,000 2.50 9.654

60,000 26.13 9.624

70,000 53.57 9.594

80,000 74.51 9.564 1.321 E ⫺ 51.846 E ⫺ 51.052 E ⫹ 0⫺

1.438 E ⫺ 58.283 E ⫺ 55.221 E ⫹ 0⫺

1.584 E ⫺ 53.097 E ⫺ 42.196 E ⫹ 1⫺

1.704 E ⫺ 51.027 E ⫺ 37.978 E ⫹ 1⫺

1.601 E ⫺ 53.996 E ⫺ 32.871 E ⫹ 2⫺

1.475 E ⫺ 51.841 E ⫺ 21.197 E ⫹ 3⫺

1.448 E ⫺ 54.008 E ⫺ 22.549 E ⫹ 3⫺

1.422 E ⫺ 58.891 E ⫺ 25.529 E ⫹ 3⫺

1.422 E ⫺ 51.948 E ⫺ 11.211 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.458 E ⫺ 54.135 E ⫺ 12.650 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.493 E ⫺ 54.671 E ⫺ 13.080 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.527 E ⫺ 55.258 E ⫺ 13.565 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.561 E ⫺ 55.900 E ⫺ 14.111 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.595 E ⫺ 56.601 E ⫺ 14.722 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.628 E ⫺ 57.364 E ⫺ 15.405 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.661 E ⫺ 58.194 E ⫺ 16.166 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.694 E ⫺ 59.093 E ⫺ 17.012 E ⫹ 4⫺

1.726 E ⫺ 51.007 E ⫹ 07.950 E ⫹ 4

1.758 E ⫺ 51.112 E ⫹ 08.988 E ⫹ 4

1.789 E ⫺ 51.225 E ⫹ 01.013 E ⫹ 5

1.821 E ⫺ 51.347 E ⫹ 01.139 E ⫹ 5⫺1,000

Nⴢs

Ⲑ

ⴗC

Data abridged from U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

JWCL068_AppC_719-720.qxd 9/23/08 12:09 PM Page 720

721

ppendix D

Compressible Flow Graphs

for an Ideal Gas (k 1.4)

⫽

F I G U R E D.1 Isentropic flow of an ideal gas with (Graph provided by

Dr. Bruce A. Reichert.)

k ⴝ 1.4.

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

10.05.01.0

0.50.1

10.05.01.00.50.1

___

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722 Appendix D ■ Compressible Flow Graphs for an Ideal Gas (k 1.4)ⴝ

F I G U R E D.2 Fanno flow of an ideal gas with (Graph provided by

Dr. Bruce A. Reichert.)

k ⴝ 1.4.

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

10.05.01.0

0.50.1

10.05.01.00.50.1

(l* – l)

_______

___

JWCL068_AppD_721-724.qxd 9/23/08 12:10 PM Page 722

Appendix D ■ Compressible Flow Graphs for an Ideal Gas (k 1.4) 723

ⴝ

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

10.05.01.0

0.50.1

10.05.01.00.50.1

0____

0,a

0____

0,a

___

F I G U R E D.3 Rayleigh flow of an ideal gas with (Graph provided by

Dr. Bruce A. Reichert.)

k ⴝ 1.4.

JWCL068_AppD_721-724.qxd 9/23/08 12:10 PM Page 723

724 Appendix D ■ Compressible Flow Graphs for an Ideal Gas (k 1.4)ⴝ

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

5.04.03.0

2.01.0

5.04.03.02.01.0

0,y

____

0,y

____

0,x

___

0,y

___

0, y

_____

0, x

___

F I G U R E D.4 Normal shock flow of an ideal gas with (Graph provided by

Dr. Bruce A. Reichert.)

k ⴝ 1.4.

JWCL068_AppD_721-724.qxd 9/23/08 12:10 PM Page 724

725

Online Appendix List

Appendix E: Comprehensive Table of Conversion Factors

See book web site, www.W

iley.com/colle

ge/munson, for this material.

Appendix F: Video Library