Mills Martin. Nexus: Student's Book (English for Advanced Learners)
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
Heinemann English Language Teaching
A division of Heinemann Publishers (Oxford) Ltd
Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8EJ
OXFORD MADRID ATHENS
PARIS FLORENCE PRAGUE SAO PAULO
CHICAGO MELBOURNE AUCKLAND SINGAPORE TOKYO
IBADAN GABORONE JOHANNESBURG
PORTSMOUTH (NH)
ISBN 0 435 28202 6
© Martin Mills 1990
First published 1990
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the Publishers.
The author would like to express his gratitude to
the following for their contributions to the course:
Ben Duncan; Paul Cane; Eileen Miller; Yvonne
Harvey; Dave Chumbley; John Gillow; Dr Hugh
King; Martin Parrott; Malcolm Hebden; Psyche
Kennett; Jan McCarry; Tony Robinson; David
Boyd.
Text acknowledgements
Our thanks are due to the following for their kind
permission to reproduce a text:
International House (pp. 2 and 3); Steve Elsworth
(p. 7); Newsweek {pp. 14 and 15); Department of
Health and Social Security (Crown Copyright)
(pp. 18 and 19); The Guardian (pp. 26 and 27);
Jacquie Hughes (pp. 30 and 31); Prentice Hall
Trade Division, a division of Simon & Schuster,
Inc. (pp. 38 and 39); Time Inc. (pp. 42 and 43);
Oxford University Press (pp. 50 and 51); The
Independent (p. 55); Pan Books Ltd (p. 64); The
Sunday Times (pp. 68 and 69); Constable
Publishers (pp. 76 and 77); Her Majesty's
Stationery Office (Crown Copyright) (pp. 80 and
81); The Observer (pp. 86 and 87); Martin Walker
(pp. 90 and 91); Curtis Brown (Aust.) Pry Ltd,
Sydney (pp. 98 and 99); Encyclopaedia Britannica,
Inc- (pp. 102 and 103); New English Library,
Hodder and Stoughton Ltd (pp. 110 and 111);
Coronet (pp. 116 and 117); Newsweek (pp. 124
and 125); International Herald Tribune (p. 1291;
The Observer Colour Supplement (pp. 134 and
135); Fiat Auto (UK) Ltd, Citroen Cars Ltd,
Subaru (UK) Ltd, VAG (United Kingdom) Ltd,
Suzuki GB (Cars) Ltd (pp. 140 and 141); Fanfare
Publications (p. 146); Prentice Hall Trade
Division, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
(p. 147); The Observer Colour Supplement
(pp. 150 and 151); Cambridge University Press
(pp. 154 and 155).
Photograph acknowledgements
We would also like to thank the following for
permission to reproduce photographs:
The Bell Educational Trust (p. 1); Liz Somervtlle
(p. 4); ©Henry Moore Foundation. Reproduced
by kind permission of the Henry Moore Foundation
and the Tate Gallery, London (p. 13); Aspect
Picture Library (p. 19); David Hoffman/Cam era
Press, London (p. 19); Nigel Coke/Science Photo
Library (p. 19); Cath Tate (p. 25); Mary Evans
Picture Library (p. 37); Barry Lewis/Network
(p. 43); Windsor Castle Royal Library © Her
Majesty The Queen (p. 61); Mary Evans Picture
Library (pp. 68 and 69); British Heart Foundation
(p. 70); Electronic Graphics Ltd (p. 73); The
Kobal Collection. A First National Production
(p. 76); The Mansell Collection (p. 85); Rex
Features Ltd (p. 88); G- &G. Attwell/Aquila
Photographies Ltd (p. 97); J. J. Brooks/Aquila
Photographies Ltd (p. 99); Octopus Publishing
Group Library (p. 101); Mary Evans Picture Library
(p. 109); Camera Press Ltd (p. H0);Zefa(p. 117);
Fay Godwin/Barbara Heller Photo Library
(p. 121); WWF/Save the Rhino Trust (p. 124);
Andreas Ramer/Rex Features Ltd (p. 124); Andes
Press Agency (p. 129); Chris Honeywell (p. 131);
Winnebago Industries Inc., Iowa, U.S.A.
(p. 134); Fiat Auto (UK) Ltd (p. 140); Subaru
(UK) Ltd (p. 141); VAG (United Kingdom) Ltd
(p. 141); Mary Evans Picture Library (p. 145);
Christine Osborne (pp. 146 and 147).
While every effort has been made to trace the
owners of copyright material in this hook, there
have been some cases where the publishers have
been unable to locate the sources. We would be
grateful to hear from anyone who recognises their
copyright material and who is unacknowledged.
Illustrations by:
Matthew Buckley
Paul Campion
Barbara Crow
Rob Fowler
Steve Fricker
Val Hill
Keith Hume
Ian Kellas
David Mostyn
Chris Price
John Pugh
Trevor Ridley
Paul Slater
Billy Stevenson
Typeset by Tradespools Ltd, Frame, Somerset
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Scotprint Ltd, Musselburgh, Scotland
95 96 97 98 99 10 9 8 7 6 5
Introduction
In general
Nexus is a course for students of English whose level
is approximately equivalent to pass standard at
Cambridge FCE. By the end of the course, the
English of such users should be most of the way to
the level required for a Cambridge Proficiency
candidate. However, the course is a general one,
not a specific preparation for any examination,
The aims of Nexus are to broaden and enrich
your English, and to help you to use it more
correctly, creatively and fluently. An equally
important aim is to help you to be an adult,
autonomous learner of English, for whom time
spent in the classroom is only a part of your studies.
Students who think for themselves and take their
English out of the classroom when they leave it are
much more likely to be successful learners. To this
effect, Nexus contains practical advice on how to
organise your learning effectively, and a varied
selection of voluntary projects and assignments, to
be tackled creatively outside class time. In
addition, at every stage of the course you, the
students, are encouraged to bring your own
knowledge, ideas and experience to the work in
hand, and to discuss them with each other and
with your teacher.
The structure of the course
Nexus consists of thirteen units, each divided into
seven sections. There are two sections for reading,
and one each for listening, speaking, writing,
grammar and vocabulary.
Reading
In the Reading sections you will read, analyse and
discuss a variety of written material, ranging from
literary extracts to advertisements. The exercises
aim not only to check your understanding but also
to improve your reading in various ways. The
following are some of the subskills practised:
predicting while reading; guessing words from
context; identifying words with given meanings;
appreciating stylistic features; reading for gist;
scanning for specific information.
Speaking
The Speaking sections are of two types. In one type
you use your English freely and creatively, in an
organised discussion, a game, or a role play. In
another, you study and practise useful items of
spoken English, selected according w functional
criteria, through a series of guided exercises.
Listening
You will hear a fairly long piece of authentic
spoken English, with from one to four people
speaking. The exercises test your comprehension,
and also ask you to listen hard for certain useful
words and expressions.
Writing
The Writing sections aim to help you write in a
more organised and thoughtful way. Study of the
organisation and language used in model texts is
followed by controlled writing exercises. There are
also many opportunities for free writing.
Grammar
The aim of the Grammar sections is to clear up
your doubts about the basics of English grammar, to
introduce you to more advanced language points,
and to provide varied practice. In every Grammar
section you will have the opportunity to discuss and
share what you already know about the grammar
before studying a description of the language area
in question, and then going on to practice
activities.
Vocabulary
Advice about how to expand and store your
vocabulary in your own time is given in the
Organising your learning sections in the Study
pages. The Vocabulary sections aim to teach you
new words in class time. Each section teaches a
vocabulary set in an integrated and systematic way.
Your own knowledge is activated and then a variety
of activities strengthen your understanding of the
new words.
The Study pages
These pages, at the back of your Coursebook, are
an essential and integral part of your work in the
course. They contain: language descriptions for the
Grammar sections; some back-up vocabulary-
exercises; answer keys for re-ordered texts;
transcripts of dialogues; information for role plays
and information-exchange activities.
inn This cassette symbol tells you when to switch
on your cassette and listen to recorded material.
Nexus aims to offer a balanced, stimulating and
challenging programme, and it is hoped that the
users of the course will benefit from it not only in
terms of language improvement, but also throu
the opportunities it offers for communication
interaction with other users of English,
Contents
page
1 UNIT 7 Learning and teaching English
Skills Tasks
2 A Reading 1
An extract from a practical manual: Discussion; missing fragment exercise; word search
Helping new teacher.'
4 D Speaking
Role play: Finding a flat Discussion; role play
5 C Listening
An interview: EFL teachers talk Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions;
intensive listening
6 D Reading 2
A letter to a newspaper: London, a tourist trap that Discussion; rc-ordering paragraphs; open-ended
lives up to its name questions; summary
8 E Vocabulary
Neutral and strong adjectives Language discussion and elicitation; table
completion; pronunciation exercise
10 F Writing
Guided work: listing and adding; recommending; Note-taking: diagram completion; language
explaining purpose discussion; fitting facts into a text; information
selection and ordering; free writing
12 G Grammar
Used to do; be (get) used to doing; present simple Language discussion and elicitation; error
identification and tense conversion; pronunciation
exercise; dialogue writing
page
13 UNIT2 The family
Skills Tasks
14 A Reading 1
A magazine article: The stay-at-home kids Note-taking: word-search; summary
16 B Grammar
Review of conditional sentences; mixed conditionals Language discussion and elicitation; dialogue
writing; question/answer game; sentence-generation
from prompts
17 C Listening
An interview: counselling Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions:
intensive listening
18 D Reading 2
An extract from a government booklet: Discussion; reordering fragments; missing fragment
Drugs - what you can do as a parent exercise
20 E Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs 1 Language discussion and elicitation; staged gap-
filling exercise; dialogue writing
21 F Speaking
Focus on function: informal criticism; excuses; Comprehension questions; pronunciation; textwork:
apologies reproduction; improvisation
24 G Writing
Guided work: amplification; rephrasing; Textwork; fitting facts into a text; reproduction; free
exemplification writing
UNIT3 Prejudice
Skills Tasks
A Reading 1
A newspaper article and letters: Discussion; reordering sentences; open-ended
There's a man on my bumper questions
B Grammar
Story-telling structures Language discussion and elicitationl; tense
conversion; language discussion and elicitation 2;
error identification and correction
C Listening
A conversation about Northern Ireland: Discussion; prediction; note-taking; open-ended
With God on our side questions; intensive listening
D Reading 2
A magazine article: Trouble in Chinatown Discussion; note-taking; open-ended inference
questions; word search; summary
E Writing
Guided work: time expressions; contrast and Language discussion and elicitation 1; sentence
concession completion; language discussion and elicitation 2;
sentence-generation from prompts
F Speaking
Focus on function: formal complaints; apologies Comprehension questions; pronunciation; textwork;
reproduction; improvisation
G Vocabulary
Compound verbs Language discussion and elicitation; dictionary work
to match words to paraphrases; gap-filling exercise
UNIT4 Entertainment, going out
Skills Tasks
A Reading 1
An extract from a travellers' guide: Discussion; vocabulary: guessing meaning from
Evening entertainment context; true/false questions; open-ended questions
B Grammar
Review of gerunds and infinitives Word-group ing; language discussion and elicitation;
error-identification and correction
C Reading 2
A magazine article: In Moscow - Saturday evening Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions; word
fever search
D Writing
Guided work: descriptive and narrative/descriptive Language discussion and exercises on: organisation,
writing vocabulary, direct speech, free writing
E Listening
An interview with a rock-music agent: Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions;
Working down the middle intensive listening
F Speaking
Focus on function: invitations and arrangements Comprehension questions; pronunciation; textwork;
teproduction; improvisation
G Vocabulary
Hyphenated expressions for describing people Producing expressions from paraphrases; matching
expressions to paraphrases; listening: matching
expressions to dialogues; dialogue writing
Contents
page
49 UNIT 5 The Third World
Skills Tasks
50 A Reading 1
An extract from a UNICEF study: Discussion; identifying main textual divisions; note-
Help that makes things worse taking: diagram drawing
52 B Vocabulary
Abstract -ion nouns derived from verbs Language discussion and elicitafion; word-grouping;
sentence transformation
54 C Listening
A personal account; Into Africa Discussion; prediction; note-taking; open-ended
questions; intensive listening
55 D Reading 2
A news report: Discussion; true/false questions; word search
Army to train with US in mock invasions
56 E Grammar
Present perfect; past simple Language discussion and elicitation; sentence-
generation from prompts; tense conversion
58 F Speaking
Discussion and information-exchange game Dice-throwing game; map drawing; information gap
exercise; discussion
60 G Writing
Guided work: cause and effect Language discussion and elicitation; sentence
completion; free writing( sentences)
page
61 UNIT 6 Health and medicine
Skills Tasks
62 A Reading 1
A literary extract: Indian Camp Discussion; open-ended questions; textwork
64 B Grammar
Making comparative structures more informative Language discussion and elicitation; sentence
transformations; free writing (sentences)
65 C Listening
An interview with a GP: Healthy and wealthy? Discussion; note-taking; true/false questions;
intensive listening
66 D Vocabulary
Idioms based on parts of the body Language elicitation; producing expressions from
paraphrases; language discussion; gap-filling exercise;
writing exercise
68 E Reading 2
A newspaper article: Herbal remedy Discussion; missing fragment exercise; true/false
questions; summary
70 F Speaking
Focus on function: tactful advice; opinions; excuses Comprehension questions; pronunciation; textwork;
reproduction; improvisation
72 G Writing
Guided work: topic sentences Writing topic sentences for paraphrases; writing
paragraphs from topic sentences; information
selection and discussion; free writing
page
73 UNIT 7 Crime and law enforcement
Skills Tasks
74 A Vocabulary
Crimes and British legal vocabulary Language discussion and elicitation; listening:
matching definitions to words; improvising
definitions; listening: matching dialogues to crimes;
matching: collocations
75 B Speaking
Story telling, acting: Tell me another one! Making up a story; scripting a scene; acting from a
Role play: An interview for a job script:
76 C Reading 1
A literary extract: The snatching of Bookie Bob Discussion; matching expressions to paraphrases;
open-ended questions; word search
78 D Grammar
Ellipsis and substitution Language discussion and prompted oral work on:
neither and so + auxilaries; agreeing, disagreeing
intonation; hope/expect/think so; ellipsis with
infinitives and modals
80 E Reading 2
An advertisement: Brothers-in-law Discussion; re-ordering fragments; open-ended
questions; word search
82 F Writing
Guided-work; tracing the development of an essay; Note-taking: diagram completion; textwork;
mentioning the opinions of others sentence-pairs from prompts; free writing or
reproduction
84 G Listening
An account of a crime: Like going shopping Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions;
intensive listening
page
85 UNIT 8 Political ideas
Skills Tasks
86 A Reading 1
A newspaper article: Albania's dam against time Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions
88 B Vocabulary
Compound nouns Language discussion and elicitation; graded gap-
filling exercise; writing a news report
90 C Reading 2
A news report: Modern Tamburlaine gets Soviet Discussion; missing fragment exercise; open-ended
exposure questions
92 D Speaking
Role play: Party political discussion Choosing and discussing ideas; preparing a political
platform; arguing for a platform
93 E Listening
Two views of China Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions; word
search
94 F Grammar
Relative clauses: review and advanced points Language discussion and elicitation; mini-dialogues
from prompts; sentence writing: contact clauses;
sentence completion; sentence combination
96 G Writing
Guided work: comparison and contrast; sentence Language discussion and elicitation; fragment
manipulation continuation; comparison and contrast
Contents
page
97 UNIT 9 Animals
Skills Tasks
98 A Reading 1
A literary extract: The wedge-tailed eagle Discussion; open-ended questions; free writing
100 B Vocabulary
Verbs of movement and posture Language discussion and elicitarion; word search;
gap filling; word-grouping
101 C Listening
A poem: Snake Discussion; open-ended questions; textwork
102 D Reading 2
Encyclopaedia extracts: Creatures in the wild Discussion; matching animals to encyclopaedia
extracts; open-ended questions; vocabulary: guessing
meaning from context
104 E Speaking
Focus on function: requests and permission Comprehension questions; pronunciation; textwork;
reproduction; improvisation
106 F Writing
Guided work: connecting words and expressions Discussion; note-taking: diagram completion; free
writing or reproduction
108 G Grammar
Passive voice: review of simple variations; advanced Language discussion and elicitation 1; mini-
variations dialogues from prompts; language discussion and
elicitation 2; sentence transformations
page
109 UNIT 10 Unusual beliefs, the occult
Skills Tasks
110 A Reading 1
An extract: Escape from the Moonies Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions; word
search; summary
112 B Speaking
Story telling, acting: Tell me another one! Making up a story; scripting a scene; acting from a
Miming game: The fortune teller script
113 C Listening
Two ghost stories: Tales of the unexpected Discussion; note-taking; comparing stories; intensive
listening
114 D Grammar
Conditionals: false conditionals; Mini-dialogues from prompts; language discussion
variations on if clauses and elicitation; sentence completion exercises;
dialogue writing
116 E Reading 2
An extract from a work of popular science: Discussion; missing fragment exercise; true/false
Astrology - not just a meaningless jumble? questions
118 F Vocabulary
Noun - preposition collocations Gap-filling exercises; language discussion and
elicitation; sentence transformations; exercise
writing
120 G Writing
Guided work: manipulation exercises; topic Fragment continuation; paragraph completion;
sentences writing paragraphs from topic sentences
page
121 UNIT 11 Environmental problems
Skills Tasks
A Speaking
Discussion and short presentations Brainstorming; preparation of presentations;
presentations
123 D Listening
An interview: Friends of the Earth Discussion; note-taking: diagram completion; open-
ended questions; free writing
124 C Reading 1
A magazine article: A battle without end Discussion; open-ended questions; word search
126 D Vocabulary
Sound-words Language discussion and elicitation; word-grouping;
word-match ing; listening: naming sounds; free
writing
125 E Reading 2
A newspaper article: Discussion; missing fragment exercise (topic
Time is running short for the tropical forests sentences); open-ended questions
130 F Grammar
Future arrangements and intentions; predictions Language discussion and elicitation; role play;
wtiting
132 G Writing
Guided work: manipulation exercises Sentence combination exercise; writing a letter from
a topic sentence; guided paragraph writing
page
133 UNIT 12 Motoring, cars
Skills Tasks
134 A Reading 1
A magazine article: The Beast Discussion; missing fragment exercise; open-ended
questions
136 B Grammar
Modal auxiliaries used for logical deductions: Language discussion and elicitation; sentence
must; might; might not; can't dictation; mini-dialogues from prompts; polite
responses from prompts
138 C Vocabulary
American and British equivalents Translation: US/GB; dialogue writing; language
discussion and elicitation; discrimination exercise
140 D Reading 2
Car advertisements: Facts and fantasies Discussion; scan-reading; open-ended questions
142 E Speaking
A sttucturcd discussion Small group discussion/preparation; structured
discussion
143 F Listening
A conversation: In the driver's scat Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions; free
writing
144 G Writing
Guided work: manipulation exercises Sentence combination exercises; patagtaph
completion; fragment continuation
Contents
page
145 UNIT 13 Travel, holidays
Skills
146 A Reading 1
Extracts from a brochure and a traveller's guide:
United Arab Emirates and Amsterdam
148 B Grammar
'Fronting' for emphasis
149 C Speaking
Role play: An international party
150 D Reading 2
An account of a journey: Making tracks for Thailand
152 E Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs 2
153
154
156
F Listening
An anecdote: Gendemanly guys
G Writing
Guided work: review of formal letters
Tasks
Discussion; text comparison; open-ended question
scan-reading
Language discussion and elicitation; sentence
transformation
Role preparation in groups; party role play
Discussion; open-ended questions; vocabulary:
guessing meaning from context
Language discussion and elicitation; graded gap-
filling exercise; dialogue writing
Discussion; note-taking; open-ended questions;
summary
Formal letters: review; note-taking: diagram
completion; free writing or reproduction
STUDY PAGES