Мартыненко Т.П. и др. Практический курс физики. Квантовая физика. Элементы физики твёрдого тела и ядерной физики
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
81
174,39
30001038,14
106,16,133
kT4
E3
kT
E
kT4
E
1
2
103e4e4e4
e
2
e8
N
N
23
19
1
1
1
−−
⋅⋅⋅
⋅⋅⋅
−
−
−
⋅===
⋅
⋅
=
-
-
3.10. - L - S -
M - . .
?
K - S - -
. L - 8 . ,
Z = 2 + 8 + 2 = 12. Mg.
:
2622
s3p2s2s1 .
3.11.
, -
84
=
λ
∆
.
, ,
.
Ue
ch
⋅=
λ
⋅
, U –
. 84=λ−λ=λ∆
α
.
(3.22)
( )
(
)
−
−−=
λ
α
4
aZ
aZR
1
2
2
1
k
2
.
28=Z
Ni
,
1
= 1,
2
= 7,4, 10·47,1
10
k
−
α
=λ ,
6310)84,047,1(
10
=⋅−=λ
−
; 7,19
e
hc
U =
⋅λ
=
3.12.
(3.28) .
µ .
:
2S1LJ
coscos αµ+αµ=µ=µ , L
m2
e
e
L
=µ , S
m
e
e
S
=µ .
82
ADC
:
1
22
2
cosLJ2LJS α⋅−+= ,
2
2
22
cosSJ2SJL α⋅−+= ,
LJ2
SLJ
cos
2
22
1
⋅
−+
=α ,
SJ2
LSJ
cos
2
2
2
2
⋅
−+
=α .
µ
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
+
+−+++
+
+
+−+++
=µ
1jj2
11ss1jj2
1jj2
1ss11jj
m2
e
e
llll
( )
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
+⋅
+⋅−+⋅++⋅
++⋅⋅µ=µ
1jj2
11ss1jj
11jj
ll
.
(3.27),
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
1jj2
11ss1jj
1g
+⋅
+
⋅
−
+
⋅
+
+
⋅
+=
ll
.
3.13.
r = 2,5
i = 10 . , .
rZ
e·
dr
dB
F µ⋅= ,
Z
–
Z,
B
,
r
e –
r
.
Z
.
l = 0, J = 1/2.
0L = :
S
0
Z
0
Z
m
m
e
S
m
e
⋅−=⋅−=µ
±=
2
1
m
S
.
Z
µ
±
=
µ
.
dr
dB
.
r2
i
B
0
π
µ
⋅
=
,
J
S
L
S
µ
L
µ
µ
α
1
α
2
A
D
C
B
µ
83
2
0
r2
i
dr
dB
π
µ
⋅
−= , i – . :
r
2
0
e
r
2
i
F ⋅µ⋅
π
µ
⋅
= ,
H103F
26-
⋅
.
“ – “
Z
(m
S
= – 1/2).
.
(
Z
) (m
S
= 1/2)
.
3.14.
S
2
, .
S
2
d = 1,89·10
-10
.
J = 1. , (3.39),
I
I
2
2
E
22
r
=
⋅
⋅
=
2
I
E
2
r
r
ω⋅
= ,
2
I
r
=ω . I,
(3.41) (3.36),
2
s
d
2
m
I ⋅= , m
s
- S,
10,6613232..1m
27
s
−
⋅⋅=⋅= .
246
109,45I ⋅⋅=
−
,
111
r
c1056,1
−
⋅=ω .
3.15.
2
,
.
2
114
c1028,8
−
υ
⋅=ω .
(
)
0
=
υ
,
(3.34) ,
2
E
υ
υ
ω
⋅
= .
2
A
E
22
⋅ω⋅µ
=
υ
υ
,
– .
υ
ω⋅µ
=A .
2
m
H
=µ , m
H
– ,
m
H
= 1,66·10
-27
. A = 0,12·10
-10
.
84
3.16.
1
=
υ
′
, J=0
0
=
υ
,
J = 5 T = 1500 K.
d = 0,741·10
-10
,
114
c1028,8
−
υ
⋅=ω .
kT
E
egCN
−
⋅⋅= .
1
=
υ
′
,
0
J
=
′
( . (3.34))
2
3
E ⋅ω⋅=
′
υ
;
1004,13E
20−
⋅=
′
.
g' = 1.
0
=
υ
,
5
J
=
((3.34) (3.39))
I2
65
2
E
2
⋅
⋅⋅
+
ω⋅
=
υ
11
152g
=
+
⋅
=
.
⋅
⋅
+
ω⋅
−⋅=
⋅
⋅
+
ω⋅
−⋅
ω⋅
−
=
′
υ
υ
υ
kTI
15
kT
exp
11
1
kTI
15
kT2
exp11
kT2
3
exp
N
N
2
2
.
I
(
)
247
2
10
27
2
H
10456,010741,0
2
1066,1
d
2
m
I ⋅⋅=⋅
⋅
=⋅=
−−
−
.
344,2
1092,7e
11
1
N
N
−−
⋅=⋅=
′
.
3.17. , NO,
T = 1000 K.
, .
NO d = 1,15·10
-10
.
(
)
kT/EexpgCN
r
−
⋅
⋅
=
.
(
)
I2
1JJ
E
2
r
⋅
+⋅
= , 1J2g
+
=
,
85
( )
(
)
⋅⋅
+⋅
−⋅+⋅=
kTI2
1JJ
exp1J2CN
2
.
N(J) 0
dJ
dN
= .
( )
(
)
(
)
(
)
0
kTI2
1JJ
exp2
kTI2
1JJ
exp
kTI2
1J2
1J2
222
=
⋅⋅
+⋅
−+
⋅⋅
+⋅
−⋅
⋅⋅
+⋅
−⋅+ ,
(
)
2
kTI2
1J2
2
2
=
⋅⋅
⋅+
;
2
kTI4
1J2
⋅⋅
=+
,
,
2
1kTI
J
max
−
⋅
= .
2
dI ⋅µ= ,
ON
ON
mm
mm
+
⋅
=µ ( . (3.36)).
m
N
= 14·1,66·10
-27
= 2,32·10
-26
,
m = 16·1,66·10
-27
= 2,66·10
-26
,
10237,1
26−
⋅=µ
,
246
10636,1I ⋅⋅=
−
. 8,13J
max
=
, ,
, 14J
max
=
.
3.18. –
HCl, “ ”,
,
113
c1079,0
−
⋅=ω∆ .
HCl.
–
,
( . .).
, –
rr
EE
EE
′
′
−
′
+
′
′
−
′
=ω
υυ
.
(3.39) ,
( ) ( )
[ ]
1JJ1JJ
I2
+
′′′′
−+
′′
⋅
+ω=ω
υ
.
86
1
J
±
=
∆
.
J
J
′
′
≠
′
, “ ”
υ
ω
=
ω
(
).
1
J
=
∆
1
J
−
=
∆
–
( P -
R - ).
P -
1
J
=
∆
( ) ( )( )
[ ]
( )
1J
I
2J1J1JJ
I2
P
+
′
−ω=+
′
+
′
−+
′
⋅
+ω=ω
υυ
.
R -
1
J
−
=
∆
( ) ( )
[ ]
J
I
J1J1JJ
I2
R
′
⋅+ω=
′
−
′
−+
′
⋅
+ω=ω
υυ
.
, “ ” , :
P1
ω
=
ω
(
0
J
=
′
)
I
1
−ω=ω
υ
;
R2
ω
=
ω
(
1
J
=
′
)
I
2
+ω=ω
υ
;
I
2
12
=ω−ω=ω∆
ω∆
=
2
I .
2
dI ⋅µ= ,
µ⋅ω∆
=
2
d
ClH
ClH
mm
mm
+
⋅
=µ ,
1066,1m
27
H
−
⋅= , 1066,135m
27
Cl
−
⋅⋅= , 1061,1
27−
⋅=µ .
1025,1d
10−
⋅= .
ωωωω
υ 21
P-
ω∆
R-
J'
3
2
1
0
J''
4
3
2
1
0
E
υ
′
υ
′′
87
3.19.
? )
. )
?
0,4 – 0,76 .
3.20. ,
(
n = 3) .
3.21. : )
; ) .
3.22. ,
: )
; )
.
3.23. , U = 4,9 ,
. ,
?
3.24. – = 1,6 .
,
?
3.25.
+
He
++
Li
. (Z
He
= 2, Z
Li
= 3).
3.26. n
, ,
1
= 0,6563
2
= 0,1216 .
3.27. , ,
.
, ,
.
3.28. ,
, n -
(n = 10)?
3.29.
1
= 94,5
2
= 110 ?
3.30. ,
, ,
τ
88
= 97,25 .
3.31.
1
= 1281,8
2
= 102,57 .
.
3.32.
. ,
.
3.33. ,
10 , ( ).
.
3.34.
ν
,
5- .
3.35.
, ,
5326
-1
.
.
3.36.
1
= 121,5 .
,
.
3.37.
, : ) , )
, ) , ) .
3.38.
: 397 , 656,3 901,5 ?
?
3.39.
= 534,7 . ,
, .
3.40.
d = 2
, 2-
= 29º05'.
,
.
3.41.
2- 30
, ?
89
3.42. ,
v = 1,875·10
8
/ , ,
.
,
. ,
?
3.43. = 15
, .
?
3.44. ,
.
n = 2 n = 1?
3.45. , ,
= 3000 .
n = 3 n = 2.
3.46.
,
,
.
3.47.
. ,
,
? .
3.48. ,
, ,
.
.
3.49. , ,
, .
,
. , ,
.
3.50.
, ,
, 210 .
, .
90
.
3.51. ,
,
, 210 .
3.52.
= 1281,8 . ,
(n = 3)
3.53. f - .
L
L
Zmax
.
3.54. E,
L ,
2p - .
3.55.
, .
.
3.56. n = 3.
.
3.57. p - .
.
3.58. n = 4,
. ,
Z.
3.59.
(dB/dz =2 T / )
l = 8 . v = 4 / .
.
.
3.60.
l
= 0,413·10
-22
/ . l
.
3.61. , ,
= 10,2 .