Lyons W.C. (ed.). Standard handbook of petroleum and natural gas engineering.2001- Volume 1
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Drill String: Composition and Design
735
A. Lubinski also found
[171]
that to drill a vertical hole in homogeneous forma-
tions, it is best to carry less weight on the bit than the critical value of the first
order at which the drill string buckles. However, if such weight is not sufficient,
it is advisable to avoid the weight that falls between the first and second buckling
order and to carry a weight close to the critical value of the third order.
For practical purposes, in many instances, the above statement holds trues if
formations being drilled are horizontal. When drilling in dipping formations, a
proper drill collar stabilization is required for vertical or nearly vertical hole
drilling. In an inclined hole, a critical value of weight on the bit that produces
buckling may be calculated from the formula given by
R.
Dawson and
P.
R.
Paslay
[40]:
EIpsina
"
wm,
=
2(
--I
(4-53)
where
a
=
hole inclination measured from vertical in degrees
(")
r
=
radial clearance between drill collar and borehole wall in ft
E,I,p
=
as for Equations
4-51
and
4-52
Few straightforward computations can reveal that, in regular drilling condi-
tions, the critical weight is very high. The reason why drill collars in
an
inclined
hole are very resistant to buckling is that the hole is supporting the drill collar
along its contact with the borehole wall.
This explains why heavy-weight drill pipe is successfully used for creating
weight on the bit in highly deviated holes. However, in drilling a vertical or
nearly vertical hole, a drill pipe must never be run in effective compression or,
in other words, the neutral point must always reside in the drill collar string.
Rig
Maintenance
of
Drill Collars
[38]
It is recommended practice to break a different joint on each trip, giving the
crew an opportunity to look at each pin and box every third trip. Inspect the
shoulders for signs of loose connections, galls, and possible washouts.
Thread protectors should be used on pin and box when picking up
or
laying
down the drill collars.
Periodically, based on drilling conditions and experience, a magnetic particle
inspection should be performed using a wet fluorescent and black light method.
Before storing, the drill collars should be cleaned. If necessary, reface the
shoulders with a shoulder refacing tool, and remove the fins on the shoulders
by beveling.
A
good rust preventative
or
drill collar compound should be applied
to the connections liberally, and thread protectors should be installed.
Drill
Pipe
The major portion of drill string is composed of drill pipe. The drill pipe is
manufactured by the seamless process. According to API Specification
5A
(Thirty-fifth Edition, March
1981),
seamless pipe is defined as
a
wrought steel
tabular product made without a welded seam. It is manufactured by hot working
steel
or,
if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing the hot worked tabular
product to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties.
736
Drilling and Well Completions
Classification of Drill Pipe
Drill pipe is classified according to:
type of ends upset
sizes (outside diameter)
wall thickness (nominal weight)
steel grade
length range.
Standardized pipe upsets are:
internal upset (IU)
external upset (EU)
internal and external upset (IEU).
Geometrical data of upset drill pipe for weld-on tool joints are specified in
API standardized new drill pipe sizes and unit weights are given in Table 4-79.
Drill pipe is manufactured in the following random length ranges:
Range
1-18
to 22 ft
Range 2-27 to
30
ft
Range 3-38 to 45 ft
The drill pipe most commonly used is Range 2 pipe.
To meet specific downhole requirements, seamless drill pipe is available in
five steel grades, namely D,
E, X,
G
and
S*.
(Grades
X,
G and
S
are considered
to be high-strength pipe grades.) The mechanical properties
of
these steel grades
are as follows:
Table 4-77 (steel grades
D
and
E)
and Table 4-78 (steel grades
X,
G
and
S).
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
API
Steel Grade
Property
D
E
X(95)
105(G)
135(S)
Minimum yield strength, psi
55,000 75,000
95,000 105,000
135,000
Maximum yield strength, psi
85,000 105,000 125,000 135,000 165,000
Minimum tensile strenqth, psi
95,000 100,000
105,000
115,000 145,000
For practical engineering calculations, the minimum yield strength is usually
used; however, for some calculations, the average yield strength is used.
Minimum Performance Properties of Drill Pipe
The torsion, tension, collapse and internal pressure resistance for new,
premium class 2 and class 3 drill pipe are specified in Tables 4-80, 4-81, 4-82
and 4-83, respectively.
Calculations for the minimum performance properties of drill pipe are based
on formulas given in Appendix
A
of API RP
7G.
It must be remembered that
numbers in Tables 4-80-4-83 have been obtained for the uniaxial state of stress,
e.g., torsion only or tension only, etc. The tensile stress resistance is decreased
when the drill string is subjected to both axial tension and torque; a collapse
*The
above data are obtained
from
the
IADC Drilling Manual, Section
B,
p.
1,
revised January
1975.
Drill String: Composition and Design
737
Table
4-77
Upset Drill Pipe for Weld-on
Tool
Joints (Grades
D
and
E)
[30]
1
2 346 6 7
8
9 1011 12 13
Calculated Weight
'Up.et
Dimcnslons.
in.
-
ow-
.Id. Inside
Lengtbol
Len&
Lenzth
hngtbof
Length
PiW
ab:
Out-
Nml-
W.11
hdde
Diem- Disrnetsr
lnternll
01
a1
E=tem.l
End
of
Plw
.Id.
n.l
?%lek-
Dhm-
Phln
etlr.l
at
End
01
but
Intcmnl
External
TLPCI.
to
Tawr
Dlr.
WL:~
mea,
.t.r.
UT
-k.,
25;
212
Tawr.
Umet.
in.
lblft
In.
in.
mln.
min.
'22,
D
t
d
wP.
em
D,
do.
ti.
mtr
L,
ma
L,
+
m,
INTERNAGUPSET DRILL PIPE
2%
3%
3%
3%
*4
4
*4%
4%
'5
2%
2%
3
'h
3%
3%
'4
4
*4
%
4%
4%
4%
5
5
5%
5%
10.40
9.50
13.30
15.50
11.85
14.00
13.75
16.60
16.25
6.65
10.40
9.50
13.30
15.60
11.85
14.00
13.75
16.60
20.00
20.00
19.50
25.60
21.90
24.70
0.362
0.254
0.368
0.449
0.262
0.330
0.271
0.337
0.296
0.280
0.362
0.254
0.368
0.449
0.262
0.330
0.271
0.337
0.430
0.430
0.362
0.500
0.361
0.415
2.151
2.992
2.764
2.602
3.476
3.340
3.958
8.826
4.408
1.815
2.151
2.992
2.764
2.602
3.476
3.340
3.958
3.826
3.640
3.20
4.40
4.40
3.40
4.20
4.60
5.20
5.80
6.60
2.875
3.500
3.500
3.500
4.000
4.000
4.500
4.500
5.000
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
EXTERNAL-UPSET DRILL PIPE
1.80
2.40
2.60
4.00
2.80
5.00
5.00
5.60
5.60
5.60
2.656
3.219
3.824
3.824
3.824
4.500
4.500
5.000
5.000
5.000
1.815
2.151
2.992
2.602
2.602
3.476
3.340
3.958
3.826
3.640
...
...
...
2%
...
...
...
...
...
...
1%
1%
1%
2
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
INTERNAL-EXTERNAL-UPSET DRILL PIPE
3.640
18.69 8.60
4.781
3 2% 2
4.276 17.93 8.60
5.188 31x0 2% 2
4.000
24.03
7.80
5.188
3Ma 2% 2
4.778
19.81 10.60 5.563
4 2% 2
4.670
22.54
9.00 5.563
4
2%
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1
'h
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1%
1%
1 'h
1%
1%
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
....
....
....
....
....
INTERNAL
UPSET
EXTERNAL
UPSET
INTERNPL-EXTERNAL
UPSET
pressure resistance is also decreased when the drill pipe
is
simultaneously
affected by collapse and tensile loads.
Load Capacity of Drill Pipe
In normal drilling operations, as well as in such operations as DST or
washover, drill pipe is subjected to combined effects of stresses.
To
evaluate the load capacity of drill pipe (e.g., allowable tensile load while
simultaneously a torque is applied), the maximum distortion energy theory is
738
Drilling and Well Completions
Table
4-78
Upset Drill Pipe
for
Weld-on Tool Joints (Grades
X,
G and
S)
[30]
1
2 345 618910
11
Cdeulatd Weight
Wpu(
Dim-bm.
In.
E","!fm
s
t
d
w..
e.
D..
$2
L,. L..
L..+m..
-
'
out-
PiW side Inrlde
Lrutbof
h
Lm*'
Dh- Dismetm
Internal
SI":
.Lerea
.tEndpf
Umd
Extend
kdml
Out- Nomi-
Wdl
lndde
si&
n.1
Thlek- D1.m- Pidn
Di.
.. WL:'
Ib/lt
nr
??
I%
U%t'
PIW.
212
urn%?
E"::?
2%
3%
4
4%
5
2%
2%
3%
3%
4
4%
4%
5
5
3%
4%
5
6
5%
5%
10.40
13.30
14.00
16.60
16.26
6.65
10.40
13.30
15.50
14.00
16.60
20.00
19.50
25.60
16.50
20.00
19.50
25.60
21.90
24.10
INTERNALUPSET DRILL PIPE
0.362 2.151
9.12
5.40
2.875
1%
3% .
.
. ...
0.368
2.164 12.31
1.40
3.500
1%
3%
..
.
...
0.330
3.340
12.93
8.80 4.000
2% 3%
.
.
.
...
0.331 3.826
14.98
13.60
4.500
2% 3%
.
.
. ...
0.296
4.408 14.81
13.60
6.000
3% 3%
.
.
.
...
0.280
1.815 6.26
4.60
2.656
1%
4% 3 5%
0.362
2.151 9.72
6.20
3.250
1%
4% 3 5%
0.368 2.764
12.31 10.20
4.000
2'%
4% 3 5%
0.449
2.602 14.63
8.20 4.000 2% 4% 3 5%
0.330
3.340 12.93
14.40
4.626
3%~
4% 3
6%
0.331 3.826
14.98
11.20
5.188
3%
4%
3 5%
0.430 3.640
18.69
16.00
5.188
3x0
4%
3 5%
0.362 4.276
11.93
21.60
5.750 s1%o
4% 3 5%
0.500 4.000
24.03
21.20
5.815
31%~ 4% 3
6%
0.449 2.602
14.63 11.00
3.131
1%
4% 3 5%
0.430
3.640
18.69 17.60
4.181 2%
4% 3 5%
EXTERNAL-UPSET DRILL PIPE
INTERNAL-EXTERNAL-UPSET DRILL PIPE
0.362
4.276 11.93
16.80
5.188
3% 4%
3 5%
0.500
4.000 24.03
15.40
5.188
3%
4% 3 5%
0.361
4.118 19.81
21.00
5.563 31%
4% 3 5%
0.415 4.670
22.54 18.40
5.563 313'10
4% 3 5%
INomlnd wcishts
(GI.
2).
are
shown
lor
the
DYCWO.~
of
Identification il)
ordering.
'The ends
of
intcmd-upset drill
nll~c
.hail
not
be
*mailer in outaide diameter than
the
vdua shorn in
Col.
7,
indudin#
the
mlmu
tolcr.ncc.
They
may
be
fumishcd
with
sliRht external
upset.
within the
tolcr~nof
~mificd.
rM.ximum
taper
on
inside
dlmmrtcr
of
Intcmai
up.&
and inkrnd-cxternd
urn
I#
'k
in.
PI
ft
on
dl-r.
.Weisht gain
or
ias
due
to
end Rnhhina.
The *Imified
upset
dimensions
do
not
necn?arll~
8Ire-z
with
the
bore
and
OD dlmeniiom
of
RnLb.d reld-on
mssemblh.
Uwt
dimmaions
wire
chosen
to
accommodate
the
VarIOus
bm
of
tool
~1nU
and
to
mdntain
a
sntllf.ctory
CIM
seetion in the weld
-ne
sfm
nnal
machinins
of
the
Wmbly.
INTERNAL
UPSET
EXTERNIL
UPSET
INTERNAL- EXTERNAL
UPSET
Nom:
Permissible internal
taper
wtlhin
lenplh
L."
shall
not
exceed
'A
In.
per
11
(21
mm
per
rn)
on dmmeler.
usually applied. This theory is in good agreement with experiments on ductile
materials such as steel. According
to
this theory, the equivalent stress may be
calculated from the following formula [42A]:
20:
=
(Oz
-
0,)'
+
(Ot
-
0,)'
+
(0,
-
0,)'
+
6~'
(4-54)
where
be
=
equivalent stress in psi
oZ
=
axial stress in psi
(0,
>
0
for tension,
oZ
<
0
for compression)
Drill String: Composition and Design
739
Table
4-79
New
Drill Pipe-Dimensional Data
[51l
~~
1
2
3
4
5
8
7
5.*ion
Nominal Area
Pokr
Sectional
Pipe'
Modulus*
Size
Weight
Plain
OD
ThmdS6
End
wall
ID
in. Couplings Weight' Thickners
in.
sq.
in.
cu.
in
D
Iblfl
Iblfl
In.
d
A
z
22 4.85 4.43 .190 1.885 1.3042 1.321
6.a
6.26
380
1.815 1.6429 1.733
2% 8.05 6.16 217 2.441 1.8120 2.241
10.40
9.72
.362
2.151 2.8579
3.204
3%
B.50
6.61
,254
2.892
2.5802
3.921
13.W
12.31
366
2.764
3.(1209
6.144
15.50
14.63
.449
2.802
4.m7
5.847
4 11.05
10.48
.262
9.478
3.0767
6.400
14.00
1299
s30
8.340
3.8048
8.456
4s
13.75 12.24 ,271
3.w
3.8004
7.184
16.80 14.96
337
9.628
4.4074
as43
15.70 14.69
.360
3240
4.3216 7.157
20.00
18.69
.oo
3.m
5.4961 10232
22.82
21.36
,500
3.540
6.2632
11.345
5 18.25 14.87
.2a6
4.400
4.3743
9.718
19.50
17.93
,362
4.278
5.2746 11.415
25.60 24.03
.m
4JYm 7.0666 14.491
5H
19.20 16.87
,301
4.m
4.9624 12.221
21.90
19.81 361 4.776 5.6282 14.062
24.70 22.54 A15 4.670
6.6296
15.668
696
25.20
22.19
.330
5.985
6.5262
19.572
'Ibm
*
3SW6
x
A
(col.
6)
'A
=
0.7654
(D,
-
d*)
'2
=
0.19635
(!y)
G~
=
tangential stress in psi
(9
0
for burst pressure,
oz
<
0
for collapse
or
=
radial stress (usually neglected for the drill pipe strength analysis)
pressure)
z
=
shear stress in psi
The yielding
of
pipe does not
occur
provided that the equivalent stress is less
than
the yield strength of the drill pipe. For practical calculations, the equivalent
stress is taken to be equal to the minimum yield strength of the pipe as specified
by
API.
It
must be remembered that the stresses being consadered in Equation
4-54
are
the effective stresses that exist beyond any isotropic stresses caused by hydrostatic pressure
of
the drilling fluid.
(text
continued
on
page
744)
Jirc
OD
in.
2
3/8
2 76
3
I12
4
4 112
5
5 112
6
5/s
Table
4-80
New Drill Pipe-Torsional, Tensile, Collapse and Internal Pressure Data
[30]
e
e
5'
lnlerml
Rcarure
AI
Minimum
Yidd
ScwtWh.
pd.
TmbMl
Dah'
Todona1
Yidd
SIta@b,
I14b
Tensile
Dah
Based
on
Minimum
Valva
bd
a1
Ibc
Minimum
Yidd SCrqtb.
Ib.
Collajm
Rgsurc
B.red
On
Minimum
Vdua,
psi.
09
WDJ.
D
E
95
IO5
135
D
E
95
105
135
D
E
95
IO5
135
D
E
95 105
135
E
Nom.
wt.
bm
4.85
..........
4760 6020 6660 8560
............
97820 123900 136940 176060
8100
11040 13980 15460 19070
-
10500
13300 14700 18900
Q
6.65 4580 6240 7900 8740 I1240 101360 138220 175080 193500 248780 11440 15600 19760 21840
28080
11350 15470
19600
21660 27850
6.85
..........
8070 10220 11300 14530
.........,_.
135900 172140 190260 244620 7680 I0470 12930 14010 17060
-
9910 12550 13870 17830
10.40 8460 11530 14610 16150 20760 157190 214340 271500
300080
385820 12110 16510 20910 23110 29720 12120 16530 20930 23140 19750
14120 17890 19770 25420
.._._._..._.
199260 246070 271970 349680 7400 IOMO I2060 13050 15780
-
9520 12070 13340 17150
13.30 13580 18520 23460 25930 33330 199160 271570 343990 380190 488820 10350 14110 I7880 19760 25400 IO120 I3800 17480 19320 24840
B
15.50
I5440 21050 26660 29470 37890 236720 322780 408850 451890 581000 12300 16770 21250 23480 30190 12350 16840 21330 23570 30310
11.85
._....__..
I9440 24620 27220
34990
.........._.
230750 292290 323050
415360 6590
8410 9960
10700
12650
-
8600
10890 12040 15480
14.00 17050 23250
29450 32550
41840 209280 285360 361460
399500
513650 8330
11350 14380 15900
20170 7940
10830
13720 15160 I9490
3
15.70 18890
25760
32630
36070
46380
237710
324150 410590 453810 583420
9460
12900 16340
18050 23210
9140
12470 15790
17460 22440
v,
13.75
........._
25860 32760 36210 46550
............
270030 342040 378050 486060 5720 7200 8400 8950 10310
-
7900
10010
11070 14230
16.60 22550 30750 38950 43050 55350 242380 330560 418700 462780 595000 7620 10390 12750 13820 16800 7210 9830 12450 13760 17690
20.00 27010 36840 46660 51570 66300 302390 412360 522320 577300 742240 9510 I2960 16420 I8150 23330 9200 12540 15890 17560 22580
22.82
MM)o
40910
51820 57280 73640 345580 471240 596900 659740 848230
10860
14810 18770 20740 26670 10690 14580 18470 20420 26250
16.25
..........
34980 44310 48970 62970
._........._
328070 415560 459300 590530 5560 6970 8090 8610 9860
-
7770 9840
I0880
13990
1950
30135
41090 52050 57530 73970 290100 395600 501090 553830 712070 7390 10000 12010 I2990 15700 6970
9500
12040 13300 17110
25.60 38250 52160 66070 73030 93900 388770 530140 671520 742200 954260 9900 13500 17100 18900 24300 9620 13120 16620 18380 23620
19.20
...._.__..
44180 55960
61850 79520
..........,_
372180
471430 521050 669920 4910 6070
6930
7300
8120
-
7250
9190
10160 13060
21.90
37120 50620
64120
70870 91120
320550 437120
553680
611960 786810
6610 8440
I0000
10740 12710
6320
8610
10910
12060 15510
24.70 41410 56470
71530 79060 101650 364630 497220
629810 696110
895000 7670 10460
12920
14000 17050
7260
9900
12540 13860
17830
25.20
51740
70550 89360 98770
.._..___._
358930 489460
619990
685250
___.........
4010 4810
5300
5480 6040 4790 6540 8280 9150
-
950
6
%
'8srcd
on
the
hr
stmqth
equal
lo
57.78
of
minimum
ycidl strength and
nominal
will
ihickncu.
NOTE.
CdNLtions
are
borad
on
formulas
in
Appendix
A,
API
RP7G
Tabk
is
bd
on
API
RF7C.
Tabla
2.1
and
2.2.
Table
4-81
Premium (Used) Drill Pipe-Torsional, Tensile, Collapse and Internal Pressure Data
[30]
in.
Ibflt
D
E
95
10s
135
D
E
95
105
135
D
2
3D
2 7~3
3
1/2
4
4 1/2
5
5
1/2
6
5/8
4.83
6.65
6.85
10.40
9.50
13.30
15.50
I I
.85
14.00
15.10
13.75
16.60
20.00
22.82
16.25
1930
25.60
19.20
21.90
24.10
25.20
2730
3520
4640
6480
8120
10510
11820
ll2lO
13320
14690
14940
11670
21000
23150
20210
23630
29680
29180
32450
40870
3720
4800
6320
8840
11010
I4340
16120
I5
280
18160
20030
20310
24100
38630
31570
27560
32230
40470
39790
44250
55740
4710
6080
8010
11200
14030
18160
20420
19360
23010
25370
25800
30520
36270
39990
34910
40820
5
1270
50400
56050
10600
5210
6720
8850
12380
15500
20070
22560
21400
25430
28040
28510
33140
4w90
44200
38580
56660
451x1
55710
61950
78030
6690
8640
11370
15920
19930
25800
29010
27510
32690
36050
36660
43370
51540
56820
4%10
58010
72850
71630
79650
100320
56400
78925
78450
122100
112220
155650
183100
133510
165715
186160
156420
190740
236830
269550
190100
228360
3wooo
215790
252910
304095
284150
16910
91420 107680
138440
107620 136320
I50670 193720
106970 135500
149160 192550
166500
210990 233100
299700
153020
193830 214230
215440
212250 268850
297150 382050
250500 317300
305700 450900
182060
230610 254890
327710
225980
286240 316360
406160
253860
321560 355400
456950
213310 270190
298630 383950
2600100
329460 364140
468180
322950 409070
452130 581310
367570 465590
514590 661620
259220
328350
362910 466600
311400 394440
435960 560520
411500 535000
585000
75oooO
294260
372730
411970
529670
344880
436840 482820
620770
391282
525260 580540
746420
307480 490810 452470 697460
'Based
on
the
&air
streulh
qyVl
Io
57.7%
of
minimum yield sucngth.
2Tonional
and
Tensile
drta
bad
on
20%
uniform
wear.
3CdLpw
ad
lalcrnul
pss~wc
data
bad
on minimum
wall
of
8G%
of
nominal
(new)
wuU.
NOTE:
Calculalions
for
Premium
Class
drill
pipe
are
bad
on formubs
in Appendix
A,
API
RPlC.
Table
is
b~rcd
on
API
RPlC.
tables
2.3
and
2.4.
6690
9810
6060
10430
5650
8810
10610
4670
7w0
8w0
3940
5980
8050
9280
3800
5630
8400
3260
4690
6060
2510
3Cdbpse
Remm
Busd
On
Minimum
Vduea,
psi.
E
95 105
8550
10150
10900
13380
16950 18'130
1670
9000 %20
14220
18020 19910
7100
8270
8800
12020 15220
16820
14470 18330
20260
5730 6490
6820
9040 10780
11610
10910
13820 15180
4710
5170
5340
7550
8850
9460
10980
13900
15340
12660 16030
17120
4510
4920 5060
1070
8230 8760
11460
14510 16040
3760
4140 4340
5760 6530
6860
1670
9000 9620
2930 3250 3350
--
-
135
12920
24080
IIZlO
25600
10120
21630
26050
7470
13870
18630
5910
IO990
18840
22180
5670
10050
20540
4720
7520
I1200
3430
3lMPrul
hcrrrw
At
Mmunum
Yidd
St-,
pi.
..
D
E
95
I05
7040
9600 12160
13440
10370 14150
17920 19810
6640
9060
11410 12680
ll080
15110
19140 21150
6390
9250
11290
5760
7260
8340
5300
6590
8410
9820
8710
12620
15390
7860
9900
1
I380
7230
8990
11410
13400
I1030
I5980
19500
9960
12540
14410
9150
11380
I4520
16970
12190
I7660
21550
llwo
13860
15930
loll0
12580
16050
18750
5210
7100
9OOO
9950
6370 8690
11000 12160
8800 12000
15200 16800
4860 6630
84M) 9290
5780
1880
9980 11030
6640 9050
11470 12680
4290 5850 7420 8200
-
135
11280
25470
16300
27200
15680
22710
27710
14150
17820
20480
13010
16180
20640
24112
12790
15640
21600
I1940
14180
16300
10540
2
hl
Table
4-82
Class
2
(Used) Drill Pipe-Torsional, Tensile, Collapse and Internal Pressure Data
[30]
3lntnnal
Rasure
AI
5?
IJTorsioNl Yield
Strenglh
hcd
On
2Tenrile
Data
Based
On
Uniform
Wear
Size
NomWt.
Uniform
War,
ftib
Lmd
AI Minimum Yield
Strength,
Ib.
OD
NewPi~e
3Collapse
Rnrure
Bad
On
Minimum
Values,
psi
c
Minimum
Yd
Slrcn#th,pri.
in.
2 318
2 718
3
In
4
4 112
5
5 1/2
6 5/8
WPJ.
4.85
6.65
6.85
10.40
950
13.30
15.50
11.85
14.00
15.70
13.75
16.60
20.00
22.82
16.25
19.50
25.60
19.20
21.90
24.70
25.20
DE
2230 3040
2880 3920
3790 5160
5300 7220
6630 9040
8590 11710
9650 I3160
9150 12480
10880 14830
12000 16360
12190 I6630
I4430 19680
17150 23380
16500 22500
19300 26320
24240 33050
23830 32490
264m 36130
95
105
135
3850
4250 5470
4910 5490
7060
6540 7230 9290
9150
10110
13000
I1450
12660 16280
14830
16390 21070
16670 18430
23690
15810
11470 22460
18790 20710
26700
20720 22900 29450
21060 23280 29930
24920 27550 35420
29620 32140 42090
28500
31500 40500
33330
36840 47370
41870
46270 59490
41150 45490 58480
45760
50580 65030
DE
56400 76910
78925 107620
78450 106970
122100 166500
112220 153020
155650 212250
183700 250500
133510 182060
165715 225980
186160
253860
156430 213310
190740 260100
236830 322950
269550 367570
190100
259220
228360 311400
306000 417500
215790 294260
252910 344870
3041395 391282
284150 387480
95 105
135
97420 I07680 138440
136320 150670 193720
135500 149760 I92550
210900 233100 299700
193830 214230 275440
268850 297150 382050
317300 305700 450900
230610 254890 321710
286240 316360 406760
321560 3.55400 456950
270190
298630 383950
3.29460 364140 468180
409070
452130 581310
465590 514390 661620
328350 362910 466600
394440 435960 560520
535000 585000
750000
372730 411970
529670
436840 482820 620770
525260 580540 746420
490810 542470 697460
'Based
on
the
shear
strength
qual
to
31.7%
of
minimum
yield
strength.
2Turstonal
dah
bawd
on
33% eccentric
war
and
tensile
data
bared
on
20%
uniform
ueu.
30.1~
is
bad
on
minimum
\nu
of
NOTE:
Calculations
for
CIA%
II
drill
pip
are
bud
on
formulas in Appendix
A,
API
RP7C.
nomid
wall.
fable
IS
based
on
API
RP7G.
labln
2.5
and
2.6.
D
4880
8420
4340
8990
3990
7520
9150
3160
5180
6700
2540
4270
6770
9940
2420
3970
7150
21
IO
3170
4340
I690
E
6020
I1480
5270
12260
4790
10250
12480
3620
6440
8560
2960
5170
8660
10830
2850
4160
9420
2440
3640
5260
I870
95
6870
14540
5900
15520
5270
12420
15810
4020
7410
lOl50
3290
5770
10280
13710
3150
5230
11270
2610
4040
5890
I900
IO5
7240
16080
6150
17160
5450
13450
17480
4210
7850
10910
3400
4010
ll050
14950
3240
5410
I2160
2650
4230
6140
1900
135
8030
20630
6610
22060
6010
16310
2
24 70
4550
8840
I2930
3480
6490
13120
I8320
3300
5970
I4590
2650
4580
6610
1900
D
8430
5390
8990
518.5
7510
9170
4670
5880
6970
5350
6840
7940
4220
SI90
7150
3960
4700
5400
3550
E
11490
7360
I2260
7070
10240
12510
6370
8020
9260
7300
9330
10830
5760
7080
9750
5400
6410
7360
4840
95 105
14560 16090
9320 I0300
15530 11110
8960 9900
12970 14340
15850 17520
8070 8920
10165 11240
11730 12970
9250 10220
11820 13070
13720 15170
7300 8060
9070 9910
12350 I3650
6840 7560
8120 8970
9330 10310
6137 6783
135
&
p1
20680
13240
22070
2
12730
18440
22530
9
11470
14440
'
16670
+
2
2
13140
16800
19500
10370
12740
17550
9720
I
I540
13250
8721
Table
4-83
Class
3
(Used) Drill Pipe-Torsional, Tensile, Collapse and Internal Pressure Data
[30]
sire
OD
in.
2
3/8
2 7/8
3
1/2
4
4 1/2
5
5
1/2
6 S/S
I
Nom.Wt.
Newpipe
wW.
-
tb/ft
4.85
6.65
6.85
10.40
9.50
13.30
IS50
11.85
14.00
15.10
13.75
16.60
20.00
22.82
16.25
19.50
2S.60
19.20
21.90
24.70
25.20
IGllapse
Rc~~ure
Based
On
Minimum
Valua,
psi.
D
E
95
IO5
I35
1870 2550
3230
3510 4590
2390 3260
4130 4510
5870
3180 4340 5490 6070 7810
4400 6000 7590 8390
10190
5580
1600 9630 10640 13680
7170 9110 12380 I3680 17590
8010 10920
13830
15290 19660
7100
IO500
13310 14710
18910
9130 12440 15760 17420
22400
10040
13690 17340 19160 24640
IO280 14010 17750
19620 25220
12130
I6530
20940
231SO 29760
14350
19560
24180
27390 35210
13910 18960 24020
26550 34130
16220 22120 28020
30970 39820
20260 27620
34990 38670
49720
20060 21350 34640
38290 49230
22260
30350 38450
42490 54640
D
E
95
106
135
43380
59160 14940 82820 106490
60110
82050 103930 114870 147690
60380 82340 IO4300 115280 148220
93060 126900 160740 177660 228420
86450
117880 148320
165040 212190
118965
162220 205480
221120 292000
139700
I90500 241300
266700 342900
103010
140470
117930 196650 252840
126555
172580 218600
241600 310640
142700
194600 246490 272430
350270
I20800
lM730 208660 230620 296510
146800 200l80 253560 280240 360320
181665
247720 313180
346820 445900
205860
280720 355380 393000
505290
146860 200260 253660 280360 360460
176220
240300 304380 336420 432540
232870
317550 402230
444510 511590
166840
221510 288180 318520 409520
195700 266040
336980 312460
478810
221045
301420 381800
422000 542560
219960 299950 319930 419930 539900
IBased
on
he
IhMr
strength
equal
to
57.1% oiminimum yield strength.
2Torriolul
&la
based on 459beccentric
wear
and Tensile
data
based
on 37.5% uniform
weal.
3~ata
is
based
on
minimum
wall
of
5.5% nominal wall.
NOTE:
Calculations
for
&a
I11
drill
pipe
are
based
on
formulas
in
Appendix
A,
API
RP7G.
Table
is
based
on API
RP7C.
ubler
2.1 and 2.8
D
3620
74
00
3140
1920
2840
6320
8070
2210
3880
5210
1850
3080
5280
6960
1780
2820
5760
1520
2220
3140
1160
E
4260
10030
3600
I0800
3230
8040
llOI0
2570
4630
6490
2090
3520
6580
8960
I990
3210
7250
1640
2580
3600
1170
95
4590
12050
4010
13680
3650
9480
13950
2190
so10
7480
2170
3930
1590
10680
2050
3630
8460
1640
2x10
4000
1170
I05
4810
I3040
4190
14880
3790
10160
15420
2840
5230
7920
2110
4110
8040
I
IS00
2050
3170
9020
I640
2860
4190
1170
-
135
5350
15160
4530
18230
4000
11930
18960
2850
5810
8940
2170
4420
9100
13110
2020
3960
10410
1640
2810
4520
1170
llnturvl
harure
At
Minimum
Yidd
Stmulh.
ai.
D
4860
1132
4630
1610
4400
6350
7770
3960
SO00
5150
3630
4520
5110
61
20
3590
4380
6050
3340
3980
4560
3020
E
6631
9130
6320
10380
6000
8660
10590
5400
6820
7840
4950
6170
1870
9110
4890
5970
8250
4550
5430
6220
4120
95
8400
12320
8wo
13150
1600
10910
I3410
6840
8640
9930
6270
7810
9960
11610
6190
7560
lo450
5110
6810
7880
5220
~
IO5
9280
13620
8840
14540
8400
12120
14820
1560
9560
10970
6930
8630
11010
12830
6850
8360
I1550
6380
1600
8110
5770
I35
I1940
17510
11370
18690
10800
15580
19050
9720
12280
:
14110
e
v1
8910
-
8800
IO750
9
14850
71
0
-2
8200
-.
9170
11190
5
7420
a
u
1
06-
3
4
A
w
744
Drilling and Well Completions
(text
continued
from
page
739)
Consider a case in which the drill pipe is exposed to an axial load
(P)
and a
torque (T). The axial stress
(0.)
and the shear stress
(2)
are given by the follow-
ing formulas:
(4-55)
P
OZ
=
-
A
(4-56)
T
Z
2=-
where P
=
axial load in lb
A
=
cross-sectional area
of
drill pipe in.2
T
=
torque in in-lb
Z
=
polar section modulus of drill pipe, in.3
Z
=
2J/Dd
J
=
(~/327(D$~
-
d:,) polar moment
of
inertia, in.4
dP
D
ddp
=
inside diameter of drill. pipe in in.
=
outside diameter of drill pipe in in.
Substituting Equation 4-55 and Equation 4-56 into Equation 4-54 and putting
oe
=
Y,,
6,
=
0
(tangential stress equals zero in this case), the following formulas
are obtained:
(4-57)
(4-58)
where
P,
=
Y,A
=
tensile load capacity of drill pipe in uniaxial tensile stress in lb
Equation 4-58 permits calculation of the tensile load capacity when the pipe
is subjected to rotary torque (T).
Example
Determine the tensile load capacity of a 4 +in., 16.6-lb/ft, steel grade X-95 new
drill pipe subjected to a rotary torque of 12,000 ft-lb
if
the required safety factor
is
2.0.
Solution
From Table 4-71, cross-sectional area body of pipe
A
=
4.4074 in.2 and Polar
From Table 4-80, tensile load capacity
of
drill pipe at the minimum yield
Using Equation 4-58,
section modulus
Z
=
8.542 in.3
strength
P,
=
418,700 lb (P,
=
4.4074
x
95,000
=
418,703 lb).