Lyons W.C. (ed.). Standard handbook of petroleum and natural gas engineering.2001- Volume 1

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Index

1425

kansite, 1308

pyrite, 1308

hydrogen sulfide, 1333-1334, 1342

Scavengers

iron-base, 1335

zinc-base, 1334- 1335

oxygen, 1328, 1342

Scientific method, 367, 368

Scission reaction, 309

Scratcher, 1201, 1203

Scrubber, 846

Seawater mud, composition and

Secant of a circle, 4

Sector

applications, 670-671

of a circle, 4

length and area of, 10

spherical, 16

surface and volume of, 16

cementing process, 262

structural configurations, 247

length and area of, 10

spherical, 16

surface and volume of, 16

Sedimentary rock, 240

Segment

Seizing of wire rope, 590-592, 593

Self-acting valves, 485

Self-lubricating bearing, 775

Semi-open formula, 81-82

Series by difference formulas, 23-24

Series-wound motor, 403, 405

applications, 414

Service mark, 384-385

Set (computer), 124

Set (geometric), 3

Setback load, rated, 501

Setting off course, 1082

Settling pits, 630

Shaded-pole motor, 404

Shale

abnormal formation pressure and

cutting shape, 1058-1059

cation exchange capacity, 1352

as hydrocarbon source rock, 243

reducing swelling characteristics

of, 1352

Shale resistivity

to detect abnormal pore pressure,

overpressure detection and,

1048- 1052

1064-1067, 1068

Shear bond strength of set cement,

1190-1191

Shear modulus, 187

Shear strength

hoisting equipment, 533

of soil, 270-271

Shear stress, with transverse loading

of beam, 193

Sheave gage, 601

Sheave pins, design specifications,

532

Sheaves

for hoisting blocks, diameter and

wire rope

groove radii, 538-540

design recommendations, 598

diameter and groove radii,

589-590, 599-601

Shirley,

J.,

1044

Shock, 923-925

downhole measurement, 961

lateral, 1020

measurement package design,

mule shoe engaging, 926-928

MWD recording, 1034-1036

placement of in drill string, 813,

815, 817

types of, 813

925-926

Shock absorbers

Shooting methods, 88-89

Short radius well, 1072-1073

Shunt-wound motor, 405, 413-415

Shut-in casing pressure (SICP), 1105

Shut-in drillpipe pressure (SIDPP),

SICP.

See

Shut-in casing pressure (SICP)

Side track, 1082

SIDPP.

See

Shut-in drillpipe pressure

(SIDPP)

Similarity, 5

Simpson’s rule, 79

Simultaneous equation, 25-26

Simultaneous linear equation

solution of sets of,

71-76

sparse vs. dense, 73

Site assessment,

see

under

Site investigations, 273

Site layout

blow pit, 1347-1348

closed mud system, 1350

mud drilling, 1348-1350

rig, 1346-1347

1105

Environmental management

1426 Index

Skew, 93

Skewness coefficient, 94

Slant hole, 1082

Slant rig, 1082

Sling line, inspection and

replacement, 5 16-5 17

Slip (fault), 247

Slip rings, 290

Slope, equations

of,

Society

Automotive Engineers

Society

Petroleum Engineers

(SAE),

501

(SPE),

Guide for Professional

Conduct, 381-382

attaching socket, 593

cleaning rope, 592-593, 594

design specifications, 515

fitting placement, 594

opening and brooming, 593-594

thermo-set resin, 593-594

performance of, 594

wire rope preparation, 592

Socketing

Sockets, design recommendations,

Sodium chloride

598

estimation, 662

as a hydration accelerator, 1199

Sodium silicate, as a hydration

Soil

accelerator, 1199

classification, 268-269

definition, 268

engineering properties, 266-273

index properties, 270-273

laboratory tests, 273-275

to detect overpressure zones,

LWD

vs. wireline, 997-998

Sonic log, 994, 997-999

1052-1056

Space,

137

Spacer plates

design specifications, 532

material requirements, 531

SPE,

Guide for Professional

Conduct, 381-382

Spear fishing tool, 1116-1117

Specific gravity of ideal gas, 338

Specific weight, 169

of cement slurry, 1183-1186

increasing and decreasing,

1186, 1193

of drilling mud, 964

equivalent circulation, 1039

of soil, 270

of water-base muds, 652, 653

equation (standard form) of, 57

hollow, 16

surface and volume of, 15-16

Sphere,

Spheroid, surface and volume of,

Spider, 530

inspection and maintenance, 551

Spiraled wellbore, 1082

Splicing locks, inspection, 517

Split-phase motor, 404

Split-ring commutator, 291, 292

Spring constant, 167

Spud bit, 1082

Square, 4

Squeeze cementing,

177

cement slurry design, 1224

operation procedures, 1227- 1228

technique

Bradenhead, 1225-1226, 1227

hesitation method, 1225

Squirrel-cage induction motor, 403

applications, 409-410

single-phase, 404

Stabilizers, 823, 1082

design, 825-826

material used for, 1258

stick-slip effect, 1020

Stack (computer), 112

Stall torque, for turbine motors, 868,

Standard deviation, 93

Standard error of estimate, 107

Standard state,

338

Standardized partial regression

coefficient, 107

Starch, for fluid loss control, 710

Static equilibrium, 139, 140

Statically determinate structures, 149

Statics, 139-149

Statistics.

See

Applied statistics

Steady state pressure, 212

Steam

872

Mollier diagram, 227, 228

thermodynamic properties,

229-233

Steel

acid cleaning, 592

design specifications, 511, 515

oxygen content and corrosion

rate of, 1302

Index 1427

Steering tool, 901-922.

See

also

Accelerometer; Magnetometer

arrangement of sensors, 904

azimuth measurement, 915-920,

drill bit orientation, 903-904

hole deviation, 914-920

tool-face angle, 914-920

trajectory forecast, 920-922

954-955

Stereoisomers, 3 16-3

Sterling’s formula, 65

Stimulation fluids, environmental

Stoer,

J.,

Stoichiometric coefficients, 334

Stoking, 1081

Stove casing, 1127

Straight line equations, 52

Strain gage, 956

Strain, tensile vs. compressive, 186

Strength

materials

drill string, 1258-1259

elementary loading

failure prediction, 194, 207

stress and strain, 185-188

concerns, 1354

configurations, 188-194

Strength retrogression

cement,

Stress

1191

corrosion and, 1297

derrick and portable mast

drillstring, 1326

dynamic, 500

tensile vs. compressive, 185

uniaxial, 185

wind and dynamic, 512-514

Stress-corrosion cracking, 1282-1286

reduction and prevention, 1286

Stress-strain curve, 186

Strike (fault), 247

Structures, statically determinate vs.

Student’s

distribution, 95, 96

Subcooling, 345

Subsea handling equipment,

Subsurface

allowances, 51 1-512

indeterminate, 149

inspection and maintenance, 553

fluid pressure of rock, 261-264

rock fracture pressure, 265-266

temperature of rock, 260-261

Suction manifold

cleaning, 630

installation, 627, 629-630

Suction pipe friction, 629-630

Sulfate-reducing bacteria, corrosion

Sulfide stress cracking, corrosion

Sulfur compounds in crude oil, 322

Sunstrand accelerometer, 906

Superheated vapor, 344

Superposition, 241

Supplementary angle, 3

Surface casing, 1128

Surface features, 242

Surveying frequency, 1082

Swivel, 616

Swivel bail adapter, inspection and

maintenance, 550

Swivel bearing, rating, 535

Swivel sub, 619-620

Swivel-socket baskets, design

Synchronous motor, 403

Syncline, 248

and, 1297-1299

fatigue and, 1325-1326

nomenclature, 618

recommendations, 598

T distribution.

See

Student’s

Tangent, 4, 51-52

Tangent-secant power theorem, 5

Tap, 1116

Target area, 1082

Tars, chemical properties, 300

Taylor series expansion, 60

Telecommunications monitor

Teledrift, 928-932

Teleorienter, 928, 931-932

Temperature

distribution

(computer), 131

control of, 1326

corrosion rate and, 1294-1295

mud, 965

tests for electric motors, 407

design specifications for, 515

hoisting equipment requirements,

portable mast operation, 521

Temperature extremes

542

Tensile stress, with transverse

loading of beam, 193

Tensile tests, 186

1428

Index

Tension members, inspection and

Terzaghi's relation,

1041, 1045, 1052

Testing

maintenance,

553

chemical,

13 16-1318

compression test for set cement,

destructive,

534-535

for drilling fluid toxicity,

683-685

drill-off,

1022-1024

of electric motors,

406-407

of hoisting equipment

design changes,

535

procedure for,

534

records,

535

test unit,

533

1190

leak-off,

266

load testing apparatus,

535

of oil-base muds,

661, 663

pressure,

537

pull,

519

soil,

273-275

tensile,

186

torsion,

565

wire and wire rope

conduct of,

564-566

selection of specimens,

563-564

Texture

soil,

270

Thermochemistry

heat of reaction,

351-353, 355-358

heating values of combustion

fuels,

359

laws of,

353-356

standard-state enthalpy changes,

equations,

223, 224-225

first law of,

210-211

applied to open systems,

211-212

second law of,

212-213

applications,

216-222

entropy and,

213-215

units of energy,

209-210

Thin-walled pressure vessels,

Throw (fault),

247

Time (physical event),

137

Tool azimuth angle,

1082

Tool high-side angle,

1082

Tool joints

corrosion fatigue,

1325

friction welded,

1257-1258

makeup torque,

748, 757-759

352

Thermodynamics

loading configurations,

193-194

material used for,

1258

nominal strength,

578-579

breakdown,

407

feedback system,

1020, 1021

full-load,

406

locked-rotor,

406

makeup

Torpedo lines,

578-580

Torque

drill collar,

731, 732-733

of tool joints,

748, 757-759

for tubing,

1248-1250

MWD

interpretation,

958-959,

of positive displacement motor,

pull-in,

407

966-968, 1036, 1037, 1038

888, 890-891

pull-out,

407

pull-up,

406-407

Torsional stress,

188

Torus, surface and volume of,

Total curvature,

1082

Traceability,

542

Trade secrets,

382-383

Trademark,

384-385

Transformers,

288-289

Transition collapse pressure

formula,

1147, 1157

Translators (computer),

131

Transmissibility, principle

of,

138

Transverse loading of beam,

190-193

shear stress,

193

tensile stress,

193

stratigraphic,

251, 253-254, 256,

structural,

251, 252, 253, 254, 255

Trapezoid,

length and area of,

Trapezoidal rule,

extended,

81-82

Traveling block,

530

hood eye opening, rating,

535

inspection and maintenance,

545

reeving,

596

Trap

257

Treatment, Storage, and Disposal

Tree (computer),

112

Triangle

Facilities,

1361

altitude,

angle bisector,

equilateral,

isosceles,

Index 1429

length and area of, 7-8

median of,

plane, solution of,

right,

scalene, 3-4

Triangular prism, 5

Tricalcium aluminate in cement, 1183

Tridiagonal matrix,

Trigonometric equation, 25

Trigonometric functions, 28

graphs of, 32

inverse, 32

directed angles, 27-28

hyperbolic functions,

polar coordinate system, 34

properties, 29-3

radian measure, 28

solution of plane triangles, 32

performance, 639-641

Trigonometry

Triplex pump, 627, 628, 874

True north, 1083

True vertical depth (TVD), 1083

Truss, 149

TSDF.

See

Treatment, Storage, and

Tubing

Disposal Facilities

API physical property

specifications, 1233-1239

causes of trouble, 1249-1251

elongation/contraction with

pressure and temperature

changes, 1252-1254

external upset, 1236

field makeup, 1247-1248

integral joint, 1237, 1238

nonupset, 1235

performance properties, 1239,

permanent corkscrewing, 1257

pulling, 1248-1249

recommended makeup torque,

running, 1239, 1246-1247

stabbing, 1247

wall thickness and steel grade

Tubing and sucker rod hook, 530

Tubing-to-packer force, 1254- 1256

Turbine motor, 863

1240-1245

1248-1250

thread preparation, 1246-1247

selection, 1251

inspection and maintenance, 547

advantages and disadvantages, 866

bit pressure loss, 874-875

design, 864-866

maximum horsepower, 872-873

operations, 866-882

performance characteristics,

pneumatic, 899, 900

pressure drop, 873-874

pump limitations, 875, 877-882

stall torque, 872

870-871

Turbodrill, 1083

Turbulence effect, 1296

Turn, 1083

TVD.

See

True vertical depth (TVD)

Twist-offs, 1021

Two-chord power theorem, 5

Two-secant power theorem,

Two-tangent power theorem, 5

U.O.P. characterization factor, 325

Ultimate tensile strength, 187

Ultrashort radius well, 1071-1072

Ultrasonic caliper sub, 993-994

Ultrasonic cleaning, 593

of wire rope, 594

Ultrasonic inspection of hoisting

equipment, 542

Unconformity trap, 253-254

Underreamer, 819-820

design, 820, 821-822

hydraulics, 820, 824

specifications, 820, 823

Uniformity, principle of, 241

United States of America Standard

USAS.

See

United States of America

User-defined statement, 124

Utility program (computer), 131

(USAS), 501

Standard (USAS)

V belts, 420-429

center distance, 423

horsepower ratings, 430-438

superpower, 421

Vane motor, 863

Vapor liquid equilibria, 347-358

Vapor pressure, 342

1430

Index

Variable data item, 110, 115

Variable density column, 1058

Variable value, 124

Variance, 92-93

Variation, coefficient of, 94

Vector, 6-7

Velocity, 138

Vertical load, 499

Vibrations, 922-928

angular, 922

axial, 922, 1020

drillstring failure and, 1020

lateral, 1020

measurement package design,

torsional, 1020

transverse, 922

confidence interval on, 105

925-926

Vicksburg correlation, 1048,

Video display terminal, 132

Viscosity.

See

also

Dynamic viscosity

1051-1052

of gases, 174, 175

plastic, 652

of water-base mud, 652

Von Mises Theory, 194

VP.

See

Plastic viscosity (PV)

Waiting-on-cementing, 1187-1 188

Walk (of hole), 1083

Wall-hook guide, 11 18, 1120

Wash-over equipment, 11 18, 1122

Waste disposal

environmental concerns,

exempt and nonexempt oil and gas

production related, 136

1362

listed hazardous waste disposal,

1361

RCRA wellsite waste exemptions,

recycling, 1361

composition and applications,

testing of, 652-657

spherical, 17

surface and volume of, 15,

1347-1 35

1354-1362

1360-1361

Water-base mud

664-674

Wedge

Weight on bit, 956-958

core bits, 795

diamond bits, 793

MWD interpretation, 966-968,

selection of, 1091

1036

Weight (rigid body mechanics), 138

Welding

electrodes, design specifications,

of hoisting equipment

511

maintenance and repairs, 543

standards, 542

Well cementing.

See

also

Cement

primary, 1179-1180, 1200

large-diameter, 121 1-1215

liner, 1218-1223

multistage casing, 1216- 12 18,

normal single-state, 1201-121 1

slurry planning, 1206-1207

1219

principles of, 1179-1181

secondary, 1177, 1223-1224

squeeze, 1224-1228

Well completion

for air- or gas-drilled boreholes,

environmental concerns, 1354

Well pressure control, 1100-1101

in air and gas drilling, 852-853

in closed wells, 1105-1106

closing the well, 1101, 1103

gas-cut mud, 1103-1105

kick control procedures,

maximum borehole pressure,

maximum casing pressure,

in offshore operations, 1367-1373

surface equipment, 1101, 1102

847-852

1106- 11 13

1112-1113

1111-1112

Well servicing structure,

maintenance and use of,

515-521

Wellbore geometry, 1015

Wellbore survey calculation

methods, 1083

Well-measuring strand, 580

Wheatstone bridge, 967

Whipstock, 1083

Whirling, 1021

Wind forces, 512-514

Wind load, 499

derricks, 508

Index

1431

mast with guy lines, 509

mast without guy lines, 510

Wiper log, 999-1002, 1003

downhole recording, 999

electromagnetic telemetry, 999

invasion diameter vs. time, 999,

1000

Wiper plug, 1203-1205

Wire

diameter and tolerance limits, 575,

576

preventing premature breakage,

586

tensile requirements, 565

tests for

conduct of, 564-566

selection of test specimens,

torsional requirements, 565-566

well-measuring, 580

Wire guy strand, 580

Wire rope.

See

also

Socketing

563-564

breaking strength requirements,

clip method of attachment,

design specifications, 51 1, 512

diameter and tolerance limits, 575,

drawn-galvanized, 563, 564

equipment used on,

566-571

595-597

576

recommended design

features, 598-601

fatigue fractures, 589

fiber core standards, 575

field care, 584-590

field troubles and causes, 614-616

galvanized, 563, 564

handling on reel, 582

inspection, 543-544

installation handling, 583-584

lay of finished rope, 575

length tolerances, 577

lubrication, 577, 585

maintenance, 543-544

mechanical requirements, 544,

minimum design factors, 584-585

affected by bending of, 585

for multipart string-ups, 585

554-563

mooring, 577-578

packing and marking, 581-582

preformed vs. nonpreformed, 575

seizing, 590-592, 593

sheave diameter, 599-601

sheave groove radius, 589-590,

sizes and constructions, 582, 583

splicing, 593

strand construction, 567, 571-575

structural, 580

tests for

599-60 1

conduct of, 564-566

inspection and rejection, 582

selection of test specimens,

563-564

zinc coating, 563, 564

Wireline core barrel system, 794

Wirth, Niklaus, 110

WOC.

See

Waiting-on-cementing

Woodpecker drill collar, 1083

Wound-rotor motor, 403

applications, 410, 412

secondary voltage, 406

single-phase, 404-405

Wyllie equation, 1052

Xanthan gum, 710

Yield point (YP), 652

Yield strength, 186

Young,

S.,

1091

Young’s modulus, 186

YP.

See

Yield point (YP)

collapse pressure formula, 1147

Zinc

compounds in drilling fluids,

in corrosion inhibitors, 1334-1335

wire rope coating, 563, 564

682-683