Longerich Peter. Heinrich Himmler: A Life
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Himmler, Heinrich (cont.)
sadism 343–4
self-assessment 51, 54
self-confidence 138
self-control 36, 40, 734, 738
sense of inferiority 55
sexual repression 50–1
soldierly image 137, 300–1, 738–9,
740–1
talks too much 138, 728
use of violence 741
utilitarian outlook 267, 408,
709, 741
Poland:
defends atrocities in 464–5
deportation of Jews 439–40
deportation of Jews to General
Government 444, 455–7
destruction of Warsaw 705
directs Einsatzgruppen 429–30
elimination of intelligentsia 429
establishes police organization 437–8
Germanization 434
mass arrests 658
orders destruction of Warsaw
ghetto 664
orders final removal of Jews 665
penal code 439
police courts 439
re-Germanization 452–4
repression in 657– 8
shooting
of
insurgents 428
‘Treatment of the Ethnically Alien
Population in the East’ 450–2
police force:
amalgamation of police and SS
204–5
on duties of 206
extension and reorientation of 204
model of soldierly civil service 205–6
opposition to legality 205, 206
political ideas:
agricultural issues 85–6
as agricultural student 33
anti-capitalism 92–3
conflict with Bolshevism 123
development of world view 77 –81
racial selection 123–4, 126–7
reading 30, 42, 59, 77–81
uses term National Socialism 86
vo
¨
lkisch peasant policy 100–1
see also Greater Germanic Reich;
ideology
political police:
appointed acting Munich police
chief 149
establishment of Dachau camp 151
justifies mass arrests 150
takes control in German states
155–61
takes control in Prussia 161 –8
takes control of in Bavaria 150–1
politicization of 60–4, 739
power of 642
growth
of 643, 647–8
preventive
repression 181, 193, 194,
195, 199
abortion 203
communist threat 203
criminality 203
development of concept 202–3
extension to all forms of
opposition 203
homosexuality 203
protective custody:
justification of 150, 193–4
resists attempts to restrict 191–2,
200
succeeds in institutionalizing 196
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia:
repression in 654
reprisals for Heydrich’s
assassination 568, 570
security regime in 412–13, 490
publications, The SS as an Anti-
Bolshevik Fighting Force 261
racial policy:
Ethnic German List 452–4
gypsies 230
marriages within SS 353, 354,
358–9, 362–3
membership of German nation
590–1
minimal education 451
racial selection 454–5
racial zones of Europe 575–7
regulation of sexual intercourse
594
–5
1010 index
sex between Germans and ethnic
aliens 593–4
‘Treatment of the Ethnically Alien
Population in the East’ 450–2
as Reich Minister of the Interior 681–4
religion:
alternative world view 285–6
ancestor cult 267–8
belief in God 266
cynical approach to 267
immortality 267–8
reincarnation 269
Teutonic myths 266–7
see also Christianity
repression in occupied countries:
contradictory policy 654
counter-terror 657, 705
dead zones in Soviet Union 659–60
Denmark 654–5
expansion in areas covered by
658–9
Netherlands 655–6
opposition to 652, 653
Poland 657–8
Protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia 654
securing labour 660
south of France 648–51
as Reserve Army commander 698–704
appointed by Hitler 698–9
appoints SS leaders 701
army organization 702
brutalization of military justice 703
context of appointment 699–700
preventing retreat 711
responsibilities
of 699
responsibility
for prisoners of
war 702
rocket programme 703 –4
Russian forces for Wehrmacht 702–3
Volkssturm (home guard) 711–14
Werewolfs 714–15
SA (Storm Troops):
exploitation of Ro
¨
hm’s
homosexuality 120
Night of the Long Knives 174
relationship with Ro
¨
hm 119–20
Stennes crisis (1930) 118
Samurai 281
SD (Security Service):
appoints Heydrich as head of 165
cooperation with Gestapo 188–9
raised in status within SS 165
role of 188
Second World War as opportunity
424–5
seeks control of police and security in
east 515–16, 527, 535–6
settlement policy:
becomes focus of attention for
414–15
comprehensive European plan 578
deportation of Jews to General
Government 444, 455–7
disagreement with Rosenberg
629–30
eastern occupied countries 535,
536, 579
female east European domestic
staff 592–3
France 498, 588–92
gains
control
of 434–6
General Government 581–4
Germanization 441–50, 452–4, 572,
578, 582
limited interest in 413
link with final solution 578–9
military peasant 443
military settlements 450
negotiations with Rosenberg 538–9
opportunity for expanding SS
empire 415
Poland 434, 453
progress with 579
Protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia 420–2, 580–1
racial selection 445, 446–7
racial zones of Europe 575–
7
re-Germanization 452–4, 592–3
secures Darre
´
’s dismissal 416–17
seizure of children 595–9
South Tyrol 417–20, 458–61
Soviet
Union 527, 528, 535, 584–6
standardization
of 575
Ukraine 622
Yugoslavia 577
sexuality:
changed views on 373
index 1011
Himmler, Heinrich (cont.)
illegitimate births 370–1
pre-marital sex 368–70
Procreation Order 462–4
regulation of intercourse 594–5
sex between Germans and ethnic
aliens 593–4
significance of 4–5
Slovakia:
deportation of Jews 547, 562, 563,
705–6
security regime in 490
Waffen-SS recruitment in 608–9
Soviet Union:
campaign against partisans 628–9
dead zones 659–60
deployment of Russian troops with
Wehrmacht 661, 702– 3
deployment of SS and police units
in 520, 530–1
inspection visits 525–7, 530–1,
533–5, 537, 538, 554, 597
intervention in extermination
process 621–2
mass murder of Jews 525– 7, 531–4,
537, 538, 539, 622
mass
murder
planned 520, 522
opposes strategy of gaining allies
in 660
order for massacre of Pinsk
ghetto 622
personal responsibility for Jewish
murders 539
preparations for invasion 517–24
radicalization of Jewish policy
528–30
settlement policy 584–6
visits Crimea 587
witnesses executions 534
Spain, visit to 504–5
spiritualism 78
SS:
appointed Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS 113–14
appoints Darre
´
as head of Racial
Office 127–8
businesses established by 260–1
as a clan 352–3
on conduct in war 249
development of mass
organization 138
establishes separate intelligence
service 125
establishment of armed units 157
expansion crisis 168
Friends of the Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS 259
future development of SS 139
ideological indoctrination 276, 286,
312–14
issues Service R
egulations
(1931) 124–5
leadership
corps
loyal to
Himmler 128–35, 305–7
lectures at leadership course 136
militarization of 181–3
Nuremberg party rally (1929)
114–15
as an order 256, 352– 3
organizational structure 121, 135–6,
169, 181, 182, 257–8
organizational talent 138–9
pre-war expansion of armed
units 247–9
racial selection of members 123–4,
126–7
speech on ‘Purposes and Aims of the
SS’ (1931) 122–4
takeover of political police 147–79
on task of SS 248
terror campaign against opponents
(1932) 140–1
unity of 255–6
wives of members 352, 353
see also separate entry for SS
SS cult 742–3
ceremonies 288–94
Germanic
view
of history 269–74
motives for adopting 274
sacred sites 294–8
symbols 286–8
SS judicial system 485–9
control of 487–8
expansion of jurisdiction 486
motives for introducing 485–6
penal guidelines for 489
punishment of SS members 488–9
right to confirm sentences 486–7
1012 index
sexual relations with alien
women 486–7
state protection corps 204, 424
amalgamation of police and SS
204–5, 249–51
imprinted by his phobias and
prejudices 251
Sudetenland 406
symbolic gifts distributed within SS
birth lights 288
brooch for mothers 288
death’s head ring 287–8
life lights 287
swords of honour 288
Yule lights 286–7
Teutonic myths 266–7
interest in 80–1
Tibet myth 281–2
total war 684, 700
treatment of Polish POWs and workers
in Germany 475–6
virtues of SS members 304–12, 742
comradeship 308
decency 308–11
loyalty 304–7
obedience 307–8
Volkssturm (home guard) 711–14
Waffen-SS 424
ambitions for 680
army corps established 601
creation of 427
ethnic German recruitment
609–16, 673–4
expansion of
601
Germanic
volunteers 605–9
Muslim
divisions 675–7
national legions 602–5
new German SS divisions 672–3
organizational structure 499
recruitment of non-Germans
498–504, 602, 675–80
Wehrmacht:
complaints over SS atrocities in
Poland 461–2
Procreation Order 461, 462
Werewolfs 714–15
wins seat in Reichstag 116
women, relationships with:
as agricultural student 48–50
Fifi (dancer) 49–50
Hedwig Potthast 334, 375
ideal woman 50, 53, 56, 77, 80,
766n17
impact of reading 41–2, 42–3
interference in brother’s
engagement 73–4
Ka
¨
the Loritz 50, 56–7
lack of success 48
Luisa Hager 35
Maja Loritz 35–6, 37–8
Maria Rauschmayer 75–7
moral
inhibitions 49
repression
of sexuality 50–1
sexual abstinence 50
sexual curiosity 38, 48–9
Wegener’s influence on 42–3, 53
see also marriage; mistress
Yugoslavia, settlement policy 577
Himmler, Johann (HH’s grandfather) 12
Himmler, Katrin 750n5, 754n5
Himmler, Margarete (ne
´
e Boden) (HH’s
wife) 55, 107, 108, 524
Anschluss with Austria 402
birth of daughter 109
Blomberg-Fritsch crisis (1938) 402
in British internment camp 732
dissatisfaction with marriage 373,
374–5
doubts over relationship with HH 105
embittered woman 104
first meets HH 103
impact of HH’s affair 468
Italy:
holiday in 395–7
refuses to follow court protocol 404
loyalty of 731–2
marriage 109, 741
pessimism 106
political position 107
pre-marriage correspondence with
HH 103–8
professional
confidence 105
reassures
HH about his
weaknesses 104–5
war work for Red Cross 467–8
Himmler, Mathilde (HH’s sister-in-law) 55
Hindenburg, Paul von 139, 141 –2, 143,
144, 172
index 1013
Hinkler, Paul 165–6
Hinrichs, Carl 498
Hinzert concentration camp 481
Hitler, Adolf 66, 111, 432
agreement with Schleicher 139
assassination attempt (1939) 472–3
assassination attempt (1944) 696
Austria:
abortive Nazi putsch in (1934) 177,
178
Anschluss 403, 404
becomes Chancellor 147
Blomberg-Fritsch crisis (1938) 398–9
Christian church policy 223
counter-terror 657
Czechoslovakia, occupation of
Prague 412
executions ordered by 473–4
expansionist policy 397–8
final solution 551
expansion throughout Europe 564
instructs Heydrich to produce plan
for 511
France 648
Fu
¨
hrer cult, construction of 87
Goebbels’ criticism of 723
Hess’s flight to Scotland 519
Heydrich’s assassination, response
to 568, 569
Himmler:
appoints as Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS
113–14
appoints Commander-in-Chief of
army group Vistula 715–16
appoints Commander-in-Chief of
the Upper Rhine 715
appoints Reich
Minister
of the
Interior 681
appoints Reserve Army
commander 698–9
commissions to conclude final
solution 667
criticism of 722 –3
expels from party and state
offices 729
praised by 79
puts in charge of settlement
policy 434–5
relationship with 87, 100
secures agreement on police
reorganization 199
talks on role of SS 199
Hitler putsch (1923) 69
Italy, policy in South Tyrol 418
Jews:
annihilation of 386, 552
deportation from Reich 441, 623–4
deportation to east 542–3, 546
extermination of 538, 550, 552
leadership style 90, 100
meets with Hindenburg (1932, Aug)
141–2
meets with von Papen (1933) 144
Mein Kampf, Himmler’s views on 87
Netherlands 655–6
occupation policy in east 527
partisans, gives Himmler responsibility
for combating 625–6, 627
peace:
circulates rumours of separate
peace 719–20
considers
peace
with Soviet Union
possible 721
unprepared to consider 720
Poland:
conduct of war against 427–8
division of 440
invasion preparations 422
policy of legality 121, 140, 142
reconstruction of Wehrmacht
leadership 399
re-founds Nazi Party 82
rocket programme 687 , 688
SA (Storm Troops):
appoints Ro
¨
hm as head of 118–19
assumes personal command 117, 118
intervenes in SA-party crisis 117
moves against 173
rejects military ambitions of 171
second Stennes crisis (1931) 122
South Tyrol, resettlement of ethnic
Germans 417–18
Soviet Union:
ideological war of annihilation
against 515, 517
instruction for conduct of war
against 521–2
invasion planning 515
1014 index
SS:
armed units 247, 248–9, 426– 7
assumes personal command 117,
118
establishment of 110
expansion of Waffen-SS 601
foreign legions 604
oath of loyalty 305
removes from SA’s
organization 174
suspends court martial proceedings in
occupied countries 704–5
takes supreme command of
Wehrmacht 399
total war 700
treatment of Polish POWs and workers
in Germany 475, 476
United States, declares war on 552
Volkssturm (home guard) 712, 713
the war as ‘war against the Jews’ 529,
543
Hitler Youth, recruitment into Waffen-
SS 672, 673
Hitzinger, Heinrich (name assumed by
Himmler) 2, 734
Hofer, Franz 417, 418
Hoffmann, Johannes 27
Hoffmeyer, Horst 535, 584
Ho
¨
fle, Hermann 338, 705–6
Hofmann, Otto 317, 325, 338–9
Ho
¨
hn, R
einhard 212, 799n27
Holfelder, Hans 101 , 102
homoeroticism, in masculine society
52–3, 234–6
homosexuality/homosexuals 237–8
Himmler’s
hostility
towards 38,
52, 231
Himmler’s views on 232–7, 238–9,
464
Hitler’s edict on 239
persecution of Catholic church 222
preventive repression 203
pursuit of 237–8
registration of 237–8
Ho
¨
rbiger, Hanns 279
Horthy, Miklo
´
s 706
Ho
¨
ss, Rudolf 480, 897n1
Hungary:
anti-Jewish legislation 694
deportation of Jews 625, 694, 706–7
resistance to 693
exchange of Jewish prisoners 708–9
German ethnic policy 391
German occupation of 693
Jews in 619
Second Vienna Award 501–2
SS organization established 693–4
Waffen-SS recruitment in 503, 614,
673–4
Ibsen, Henrik 41
–2, 44
IG
Farben,
manufacturing plant at
Auschwitz 480, 557 –8
illegitimate births, Himmler’s views
on 370–1
Procreation Order 462–4
inflation 64–5
Institute of Criminal Biology 471
Institute of Criminal Medicine 471
International Committee for Political
Refugees 411
Iron Front 150
Islam, Himmler’s praise of 267, 677
Italy:
Croatia 625
deportation of Jews 691–2
German-Italian police conference
(1936) 395
German occupation of 690
German policy in South Tyrol 418,
419, 420, 458–61
Himmler’s holiday in 395–7
lack of cooperation over Jews 663
official visit by Himmler 404
Pact of Steel (1939) 418
SS and police apparatus established
in 690–1
Ja
¨
ger, Karl 531, 567
Janka, Walter 246
Janko, Sepp 611
Jankuhn, Hubert 276
Jansen, Werner 80, 269, 270, 314, 422
–3
Japan,
declaration
of war by 552
Jeckeln, Friedrich 306–7, 522, 524, 531,
536, 550
alcohol abuse 321
background of 131–2
index 1015
Jeckeln, Friedrich (cont.)
mass murder of Jews 532–3
takes over Brunswick political
police 160
Jehovah’s Witnesses:
Himmler’s respect for 267
persecution of 224
Jewish resistance 666– 7
Warsaw ghetto uprising 664
Jewish World Congress 573
Jews:
in Austria, persecution of 407
in Belgium, deportation of 571,
620, 668
in Bulgaria 619
deportation of 625, 663–4
competing chains of command in Nazi
policy 217
in Croatia:
deportation of 618, 668, 692
interned by Italy 625
in Denmark, attempt to deport 693
depicted as subhuman 198
deportation to the east 542–4, 545–6,
562–3
exchange of Jewish prisoners 707–9
in France, deportation of 545, 563,
571, 619–20, 624, 632, 663, 668,
692–3
in General Government:
death penalty for leaving
ghettos 546
deportation of 572,
666
deportation
to 444, 445, 455–7,
510, 562
extermination
of 573–4
Himmler gains control of Jewish
policy in 564 –6
Himmler orders final removal
from 665
Himmler orders ‘free of Jews’ 620
mass murder of Jews 546– 7, 561–2,
566–7, 620, 665, 667
in Germany:
anti-Semitic legislation 411, 477
attacks on 408
compulsory registration 411
deportation of 440–1, 455–7, 562,
623–4, 664
deported to eastern occupied
territories 538
emigration from 411 , 456, 477
expulsion of 408, 455–6
forced to wear badges 530
Himmler sees as hostages 407–8,
707–8, 724
Kristallnacht 408–10
mass murder of 566–7
membership
of
student
fraternities 33–4, 756n48
Nazi anti-Jewish actions (1933-38)
216
Nuremberg Laws (1935) 197
Gestapo’s role in persecution 216,
217, 477
in Greece, deportation of 663–4, 692
Heydrich’s role in persecution
of 216–17
Hitler on annihilation of 386, 552
as hostages 407–8, 707–8, 724
in Hungary 619
anti-Jewish legislation 694
deportation of 625 , 694, 706–7
exchange of Jewish prisoners 708–9
resistance to deportation 693
increased persecution of 406, 477
intensification of Nazi propaganda
against 529–30
in Italy 663
deportation of 692
in Latvia, mass murder of 531, 549–50
in Lithuania, mass murder of 531
Madagascar project 508–10
mass sterilization considered by
Himmler 512,
520
Na
zi
anti-Jewish actions (1933-38) 216
in North Africa 662–3
in Norway, deportation of 624, 631
in Poland:
death penalty for leaving
ghettos 546
deportation of 439 –40 , 444, 445,
455–7, 510, 666
deportation to General
Government 444, 445, 455–7, 510
forced labour 510
ghettoization 510
mass murder of 432
1016 index
in Protectorate, deportation of 546
radicalization of Jewish policy 528–30
resistance 664, 666–7
in Romania:
deportation of 618 , 619, 625
Germany demands control over 619
mass murder of 618
SD’s role in persecution 216 –18
development of Jewish policy 217
programme for expulsion 410–11
in Slovakia:
deportation of 547, 562, 563, 705–6
exchange of Jewish prisoners 708
halting of deportation 625, 668
murder of 567
in Soviet Union, mass murder of
525–7, 531–4, 537, 538, 539,
567–8, 621–3, 667
in Vichy France, deportation of
619–20, 624, 693
see also anti-Semitism; final solution
Johnson, Eric A 210, 213, 477
Johst, Hanns 301, 304–5, 380–1, 522, 586
Johst,
Heinz 187, 332, 394, 471, 505–6
Jung,
Edgar 173
Ju
¨
ttner, Hans 361, 518, 523, 525, 538
Kahr, Gustav von 61, 66–7, 173
Ka
´
llay, Miklo
´
s 673
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst 267, 361, 661–
2,
697, 733
Kammerhofer, Konstantin 675
Kammler, Hans 559–60 , 688, 689, 703
Kampfbund, Bavarian political crisis
(1923) 66, 67–9
Kappler, Herbert 396
Kapp putsch 32–3
Karmasin, Franz 458, 503
Ka
¨
rner, Theodor 813n32
Kasche, Siegfried 610
Kastl, Dr 62, 63
Katzmann,
Fritz 320, 620, 665
Kaufmann,
Karl 157, 158
Kaul, Brigadefu
¨
hrer 322
Kehrl, Hans 686
Keitel, Wilhelm 433, 517, 522, 574,
590, 601
Keppler, Wilhelm 144, 258–9, 393
Kerrl, Hans 222–3, 224
Kersten, Felix 381, 523, 618, 724, 725,
727, 728, 730
Kiermaier, Josef 301, 597, 735
Killinger, Manfred von 619
Kiss, Edmund 282
Klagges, Dietrich 160
Klausener, Erich 173, 191
Kleinheisterkamp, Matthias 323, 618
Kleist, Ewald von 554
Knobelsdorff, Manfred von 294
Knoblauch, Kurt 525, 538
Knochen, Helmut 496–7 , 631, 648, 693
Koch, Erich 554
Koeppen, Wilhelm 543
Kok-Sagys, Himmler’s involvement in
cultivation
of 659, 660, 685–6
Ko
¨
nig-Beyer,
Walter 457–8
Koppe, Wilhelm 438, 450, 542
Ko
¨
rner, Paul 185
Korsemann, Gerret 329, 339–40
Krebs, Albert 138
Kripo (Criminal Police Department)
201, 204
asocial operation (‘Work-shy
Reich’) 228–9
criminal biology 227–8, 471
dealing with effects of air-war 635
Gestapo, relations between 226–7
gypsies 230, 671
persecution of 229–30
Himmler on functions of 206
homosexuals, action against 237
organizational structure 470–1
preventive criminal policy 225–6
methods 228
murderous form of 636
preventive custody 227
racial foundations of 227–8
in wartime 478–9
unification and modernization
226–7
wartime activities 478–9
see also Reich Security Main Office
(
RSHA)
Kristallnacht 408–10
Kroeger,
Erhard 337–8, 703
Krogmann,
Carl Vincent 157, 259
Kru
¨
ger, Friedrich Wilhelm 542, 565,
572, 657, 658, 665, 667
index 1017
Kru
¨
ger, Friedrich Wilhelm (cont.)
appointed Himmler’s representative in
General Government 437, 564–6
background of 131
clearance of Jews from General
Government 573
Kru
¨
ger, Walter 336
Kube, Wilhelm 621
Kurier fu
¨
r Niederbayern (Lower Bavarian
Nazi newspaper) 83, 84, 85, 86
Kursell, Otto von 389
Kvaternik, Slavko 610
Lakatos, Ge
´
za 706
Lamezan, Freiherr von 13
Lammers, Hans-Heinrich 426, 435, 436,
507, 515, 527
Landespolizei 240
Lange, Herbert 431–2, 548
Latvia:
Germanization 578
mass murder of Jews 531, 549–50
pogroms 526
Waffen-SS recruitment in 678
Laue, Theodor 160
Laval, Pierre 620, 624, 652, 668
League of War Veterans 31
Lebensborn (Spring of Life
organization) 260, 371–2, 595, 598
lebensraum 515
Leibstandarte
Adolf
Hitler 164, 174
establishment of 156–7
Hitler’s ‘armband order’ 723
Lerchenfeld, Baron von 61
Lethen, Helmut 752n44
Levi, Primo 558
Lichtenburg concentration camp 183, 241
Lidice 569, 596
Lie, Jonas 500
Lierau, Walter von 388
Lippe, Himmler takes control of political
police 160
Lithuania:
mass murder of Jews 531
pogroms 526
Łodz
´
ghetto 545–6
Loeper, Wilhelm 160
Lohse, Hinrich 531, 548, 585
Lo
¨
ns, Hermann 714
Lorenz, Werner 295 , 332, 585
background of 132
as head of VoMi 389– 90, 391
Loritz, Frau 30
Loritz, Ka
¨
the 46, 50, 56–7, 62
Loritz, Maja 35–6, 37, 38
Lo
¨
rner, Georg 317
Lorraine 497–8
Germanization 498
settlement
policy 588–9
Lossow,
Otto von 31, 67
loyalty, as virtue of SS 304–7
Lu
¨
beck, Himmler takes control of
political police 158–9
Lublin:
clearance of ghetto 561–2
deportation of Jews 562
forced labour camps 350, 510
Germanization 582, 583
as Jewish reservation 440, 456, 457
mass murder of Jews 547, 561, 667
murder of Polish elites 349 –50
settlement policy 528, 535
Lu
¨
dde-Neurath, Walter 733
Ludendorff, General Erich 66
Luitpold, Bavarian Prince Regent 13
Lu
¨
neburg, Himmler’s capture near 1
Luther, Martin 612, 615, 625
Luxembourg, invasion of 492
Mach, Alexander 547, 608–9
Macher, Heinz 1, 2, 735, 736
Macpherson, James 30
Madagascar, plan to deport Jews to
508–10
Mahler, Major 88
Majdanek camp 557, 562, 569, 596, 666,
725
Mallet,
Victor 726
Malsen-Ponickau,
Lambert von 591
Mann, Reinhard 210, 212
Mann, Thomas 29–30
Mannerheim, Carl Gustav 618
Markert, Richard 160
Marquet, Adrien 497
Marseilles, punishment operation
in 649–51
Martin, Benno 306
Masur, Norbert 727–8
1018 index
Mattheiss, Hermann 159
Mauthausen concentration camp 242,
481, 482, 662, 731
May, Karl 80, 713
Mayer, Saly 709
Mazuw, Emil 337
Mecklenburg, Himmler takes control of
political police 158–9
Meisinger, Josef 237
Meister, Wilhelm 57, 59
mental patients, mass murder of 431–2,
534, 536, 548
Mentzel, Rudolf 278
Meyer, Alfred 160, 523, 630
Meyer, Konrad 527, 542, 577, 578,
585, 639
Meyszner, August von 611
Michner, Lt-Col 348 –9
Minsk ghetto, mass murder of Jews 549
Mittelbau concentration camp 688
Mittelwerk 688, 689
Moder, Paul 132, 325
Mogilev slave-labour camp 538, 549
Mo
¨
ller, Hinrich 337
Montua, Max 526
Mu
¨
ller, Heinrich 394, 409, 440, 470,
567, 697, 698, 735
Mu
¨
ller,
Hermann 404
Murr,
Wilhelm 159
Mussert, Anton 495, 606
Mussolini, Benito 180, 395, 625, 690, 691
Musy, Jean-Marie 709
Nageler, Viktor 503, 608, 609, 613, 614
Nagy, Franz 813n32
National Socialist Freedom
Movement 71, 81, 82
Nationalsozialistiche Briefe 85
Natzweiler concentration camp 481
Naujocks, Alfred 657
Nazi Party:
conflict with north-west German
Gauleiters resolved 89
elections:
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1927)
94–6
Reichstag (1928) 96
Reichstag (1930) 116
Reichstag (1932, July) 140
Reichstag (1932, Nov) 143
Saxony (1926) 93
state elections (1928) 96
Thuringia (1927) 93–4
expansion
of 126
leadership,
independence of 90
organizational departments 89–90
Party Secretary 90
policy of legality 121, 140, 142
propaganda campaign against SA 172
re-founded by Hitler (1925) 82
Reich Management Department 89
Reich Organization Department 89–90
Reich Treasury Department 90
takeover of power 147
terror campaign against opponents
(1932) 140
Nebe, Arthur 166–7, 470, 526, 548
Netherlands:
deportation of Jews 571, 620, 668
Dutch SS established 495
Himmler acquires influence in 493 –4
Himmler’s first trip to 492–3
Himmler’s Germanic policy 495
invasion of 492
maintenance of independence of 495
repression by SS 655–6
counter-terror 705
reprisals for acts of resistance 544
Seyss-Inquart appointed Reich
Commissar 493
Waffen-SS recruitment in 501, 606–7
national legion 603
Neuengamme concentration camp 242,
480, 481
, 633, 731
Neurath,
Konstantin
von 393, 398, 399,
412, 490
Niedernhagen concentration camp 481
Nieland, Hans 158
Night of the Long Knives 173–4
Nisko, as transit camp for Jews 441
Nockermann, Hans 495
Nordland publishing house 260
Norfolk, Friedrich 225
North Africa:
Allied landings in 642, 647
Jews in 662–3
Norway:
deportation of Jews 624, 631
index 1019